Uvota lweposi luye lwajika ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala yaphesheya nakumsebenzi wamajoni ukuya kwindlela ephambili yokulahla iibhola eUnited States kunye nezinye idemokrasi ezininzi. Ulwandiso lwalo olukhawulezileyo "luye lwakhutshwa yi-COVID-19 kangangokusetyenziswa yile ngxaki. Eli nqaku linika ingqalelo etshayo kwindlela ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngayo, indlela ezikhusela ngayo ukufumaneka kovoti, nendlela abagcina ngayo ukuthembeka konyulo. Ukuqonda abaqhubi beposi ekuvoteleni kuyimfuneko kubalawuli bonyulo, abalawuli bemithetho yemithetho, kunye nabavoti ngokufanayo. Eli nqaku linika ukujonga iinkcukacha ezisebenzayo, imigaqo yokufikelela, imigaqo yokhuseleko, izixhobo zobugcisa, kunye nemingeniselo eqhubekayo eqhubekayo ekufuneka iposi yokuvota namhlanje.

Indlela yokuthumela iposi kwimisebenzi: Isiphelo- ukuya- Kwisiphelo Senkqubo

Uvota lweposi, olusoloko lubhekiswa kuvotelo olungekhoyo, lulandela ulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo lwenyathelo elilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umvoti ofanelekileyo angaphosa ibhola ekhuselekileyo kwaye ibhola nganye ibalwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ngelixesha iinkqubo ezithile zahluka ngokwamagunya, ukhuthuzo olungundoqo luhlala lungaguquguquki kwiinkqubo ezininzi.

Ukucela Ibhola

Le nkqubo iqala xa umvoti ecela iposi engaphakathi. Oku kunokwenziwa nge-website yonyulo, ngeposi ngesicelo esishicilelweyo, okanye ngomntu kwiofisi yonyulo. Amanye amaqela azimeleyo athumele iposi kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo (njengoko kuColorado, Oregon, Utah, nezinye), ukususa inyathelo lesicelo. Kwabo kufuneka bacele, amagosa onyulo aqinisekisa ubume bobhaliso, idilesi, kunye nokubhalisa phambi kokuba babhalise ibhola.

Imveliso Nesikhuseli Sebhola

Xa ivavanyiwe, iofisi yonyulo ishicilela ibhalisa elikhethekileyo elilungiselelwe iqonga lomvoti. Le block ibekwe kwimvulophu yangaphakathi (okanye “umkhono wobuso)) kwaye emva koko kwimvulophu yangaphandle equka igama lomvoti, idilesi, kwaye ngokufuthi ibhari yokuthumela iposi. Ipakethe iqulethe imiyalelo, imvulophu yokubuyisa eneposi ehlawulwa kwangaphambili kwimimandla emininzi, yaye maxa wambi ifomu yokwahlula. Iibhola zithunyelwa kwidilesi yevoti ebhalisiweyo ngaphandle kokuba isicelo esikhethekileyo sedilesi eyahlukileyo sivunyiwe (umz., kubafundi bekholeji okanye abahlali behlala kulo).

Ukufuna Ibhola Yonxibelelwano

Emva kokwamkela ivoti, umvoti kufuneka aphawule ukhetho lwabo ngokwemiyalelo, adla ngokufaka iovals okanye izalathiso ezidityanisiweyo. Amanye amaqela avumela abavoti ukuba basebenzise ubugcisa obuncedisayo okanye bafumane uncedo kumntu okhethelwe (ngemiqathango ethile). Ibhola egqityiweyo ibekwa ngaphakathi kwimvulophu efihlakeleyo ukuze ikhusele iindawo zovotelwayo, kwaye loo mvulophu ibekwe ngaphakathi kwimvulophu yokubuyisa ebekwe kwikheti. Utyikio lwemvulophu yokubuya.

Ukubuyisela Ibhola

Abavoter baneenketho ezininzi zokubuyisela ibhola yabo yokuvota: ngokudlula kwinkonzo yeposi (ngokufuthi ngeposi ehlawulwa kwangaphambili), ngokuyifaka kwibhokisi yokulahla esemthethweni, okanye ngokuyihambisa ngomntu kwiofisi yonyulo okanye kwisiziko lovota lwangaphambili. Iilayini ezifileyo zokubuya zingqongqo; iibhola kufuneka zifakwe uphawu ngeposi ngoSuku lokhetho kumazwe amaninzi okanye zifumaneke ngamagosa onyulo phambi kokuba kuvele abanye. Lahla iibhokisi zinikezela ngolunye uhlobo olukhuselekileyo olunokuthi lubaleke ukuvala iposi ze zivumele abavoti ukuba baqinisekise ukuba ibhola yabo ifakwe ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ukufumana Nokuqinisekisa Ukubuya Kwebhola

Amagosa okhetho aqokelela iibhola zolwakhiwo ezibuyisiwe ze aqalise inkqubo yoqinisekiso. Okokuqala, akhangela utyikityo kwimvulophu yokubuya echasene notyikityo lovoti kwifayile (kwiirekhodi zabo zobhaliso). Uqinisekiso losayino lwenziwa ngabasebenzi bokhetho abaqeqeshiweyo abakhangela ukungaguquguquki kombhalo, ulwakhiwo lweleta, kunye nezinye iziphawuli. Ukuba utyikityo, ibhola iyamkelwa kwaye ilungiselelwe ukubala. Ukuba kukho utyikityo, umvoti udi udityaniswa ku "gcina" umkhuphiso-mali-ongo (ngokufuthi) ngokunika utyikityo olutsha okanye utyikityo olukhankanyiweyo ngefestile yonyulo.

Xa iqinisekisiwe, imvulophu yemfihlo equlathe ibhola yokulinganisa ibhola yomatshini ihlulwe kwimvulophu ebuyayo engaphandle ukuze igcine indawo yayo iyimfihlo. Ibhola yebhola ishenxa kwiqonga lokulinganisa umlinganiselo wesixhobo, mhlawumbi ngokuhlola kwisikhuseli esisembindini okanye ngokubala ngesandla. Okokugqibela, uphicotho-zincwadi lokhetho lwasemva, kuquka ii-arhente zemingcingo yomngcipheko . /ukuquka ubalo lomatshini lokubala iziphumo zephepha, inika umaleko obalulekileyo zokhuseleko nokukhanya.

Ukunceda Imithombo yemidlalo

Enye yezona mpikiswano zinamandla ekuxhaseni ukuvota iposi kukwazi kwayo ukususa imiqobo ethintela abantu baseMerika ekuvoteni kwiindawo zokuvota ezingokwesithethe. Ufikelelo alubangelwa nje kukukhubazeka emzimbeni; kwakhona luquka ulwimi, ukuhamba, umgama, ucwangciso lomsebenzi, neembopheleleko zokunyamekela.

Iindawo zokuhlala zee Voter ezinesiphene

Imithetho yomanyano enjenge Uncedo Melika Vote Act (VAVA) kunye Melika kunye noMthetho wesiphene (ADA) ufuna ukuba zonke iindlela zokuvota zifikeleleke kubantu abaneziphene. Kwiposi yokuvota, oku kuthetha ukunikezela iinketho ezifana:

  • [[NTL: 0] Iqela leqela lemidlalo elibekiweyo nokuphawula : Imibala enengxaki yokubona okanye uxinzelelo lwezandla izakufumana ibhola yabo njenge PDF, iphawule usebenzisa i program yofundo lwekhusi okanye izixhobo ze elektroniki, ize emva koko ishicilele kwaye ityikitye ibhola egqityiweyo ibuyiselwe kwi khompyutha (indawo yezibuko ekhuselekileyo) njengenye indlela efikelelekayo.
  • [[NTLA:0] Ukungavumelani okusuka kumntu wokhetho lwabo: Iivoter zingaba nelungu lentsapho, umhlobo, okanye umgcini zibanceda bafunde kwaye baphawule ibhola yokuvota, ukuba loo mntu akaphembeleli ngokungeyomfuneko ukhetho lomvoti.
  • ushicilelo olukhulu, ibrolla, kunye nebhola enesandi : Amacala amaninzi anika ezinye iifomati xa isicelo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imihla ecwangcisiweyo yexesha elicwangcisiweyo: Amanye amazwana anika abavoti abaneziphene ixesha elongeziweyo lokubuyisela iposi yabo ekwisiqendu sokulungisa ucothozo okanye imfuno yoncedo.

Ukufumaneka kolwimi

Phantsi kweCandelo 203 loMthetho wamaLungelo, ulawulo olunentsingiselo yabemi abangengobemi abathetha isiNgesi kufuneka banikeze iivotethi kunye nemiyalelo yokuvota. Izinto zokuvota ziguqulelwa kwiSpanish, isiTshayina, isiVietnamese, isiKorea, isiTagalog, nezinye iilwimi. Iiofisi zokhetho zisoloko ziquka imiyalelo eguqulelwe kwipakethe yebhola kwaye zinika uncedo lwefowuni olusuka kwiilwimi ezimbini.

Izixhobo zomkhosi nezolwandle ezihlalayo

Abavoti bajongene nocelomngeni olungaqhelekanga, olufana nokuhanjiswa kweposi kunye nomahluko wexesha. Ukuthetha ngale ndawo, imigaqo emininzi ye-elektroniki inika usasazo lweebhola ze-colot kunye neenketho ze-expect. Amanye amazwe avumela ngoku u-UOCAVA Revolution ukuba ibuyele kwiposi okanye kwi-fax. Nangona ukhuseleko luqhubeka ukuxoxisana.

Ukususa Izinto Zokuhamba Nezithintelo Eziphazamisayo

Kubo abavoti abangenakukwazi ukuthatha ixesha emsebenzini, ukuswela ezothutho ezinokuthenjwa, okanye ukuhlala kude nendawo yokuvota (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni), ukuvota ngeposi kunciphisa imfuneko yokuhamba. Kukwanciphisa amaxesha okulinda nokuchanabeka kwimigca emide(inzuzo kubantu abadala, abantu abanesifo esinganyangekiyo, kunye nabazali abanabantwana abaselula. Ukuvota ngeposi kukwanceda abantu abafudukela rhoqo okanye abahlala ixeshana ekhaya, njengabafundi basekholeji okanye abasebenza kwimisebenzi yamaxesha athile.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko: Ukukhusela ukuthembeka konikezelo lweposi

Abagxeki bokuvota ngeposi basoloko bekhankanya inkxalabo ngokuqhatha, kodwa abachongi basebenzisa amanyathelo amaninzi okhuseleko angenanayo okwenza ukuqhatha okunzima kakhulu. Inyathelo ngalinye (ukusukela kwimveliso yebhola ukuya kwimveliso yokugqibela) yenzelwe ukukhusela ekuphathweni, ekuqhatheni, nasezimpazamo.

Uchazo lophawu notyikityo

Uqinisekiso lotyikityo luyindlela eqheleke kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ufako lweposi kwivoti. Xa umvoti ebhalisa, banika utyikityo (ngokufuthi kwifomu yobhaliso lwephepha okanye kwi DMV). Xa bebuyisela iposi- ekwi blockot, kufuneka batyikitye imvulophu engaphandle. Abagwebi abaqeshiweyo bathelekisa imigca emibini etyikityayo, uxinzelelo, iposi enqamlezayo, nezinye iimpawu zombhalo. Ukuba utyikityo luyathandabuzeka, umvoti unikwa ithuba lokuqinisekisa ukuba baziwa phambi kokuba ibhola yocango iyalalwa.

Imvulophu Ekhuselekileyo Netyala Lokugcina

Iimvulophu zeposi zenzelwe ukuba zibonakale ngokuphandle. Zisoloko ziquka uphawu lwamanzi, amatywina okhuseleko, okanye iikhowudi zokubhala ibhola nganye elandela indlela nganye njengoko ihamba ngenkqubo. Abaphathi bokhetho bagcina itsheyina eliqinileyo lokugcina ityala: wonke umntu ophethe iimvulophu zebhola zombhexu uloliwe, kwaye iibhola zombhexu zigcinwa kwindawo evalelweyo, amagumbi akhuselekileyo okufikelela okungena okulinganiselweyo.

Iinkqubo zokukhangela ibhola

Uninzi lwamazwe ngoku lunika ii-intanethi zokulandelela i-odokisi ezivumela abavoti babone ubume beposi yabo kwibhola ekhatywayo("isukela ku "balot mail" ukuya "kubalwa ibhola"" ukuya "kubalo lomba" ukukhangela inikeza ukubonakala kwaye kunceda abavoti baqonde ukuba ibhola yabo ilahlekile okanye ukuba omnye umntu uzama ukubuyisa ibhola yombhexeshi ngegama labo. Ikwavumela abaphathi bonyulo ukuba balawule ukudwelisa izibalo kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ukulahleka kweebhola zomgunyaziso.

IMithetho yoPhicotho-zincwadi yoLwazi lwasemva

Emva konyulo, inxenye yeposi- ekwibhola ekhankanyiweyo ivavanywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubalo lwevoti luhambelana neengxelo zephepha. Uphicotho-zincwadi lwemida yomngcipheko luya luthathwa ngokuba zinika uqikelelo olungqongqo lwendlela yokuqinisekisa iziphumo zonyulo ngaphandle kokubhala ibhola. KwiRLA, isampuli engakhethiyo yeebhola ezibhalwa ngesandla, kwaye ukuba iziphumo ezizimo zihambelana neziphumo ezixeliweyo, uphicotho-zincwadi lumisiwe; kungenjalo, ibhola ezininzi ziqalwa de kufikelelwe umda womngcipheko. Le nkqubo ifumana nayiphi na impazamo ecwangcisiweyo okanye ukuphazamisa ngentembelo ephezulu.

Imilinganiselo echaseneyo

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuvota ngokuqhatha, amagosa onyulo asebenzisa ii-checks ezininzi:

  • Ugcino lomqulu : Abavoti abafileyo, uphinda-phindo lobhaliso, kunye needilesi eziphunyeziweyo zisuswa rhoqo kwiiroli.
  • Ibhani ekuvuneni ibhola yokuvuna : Ulawulo oluninzi luthintela ukuba ngubani ongayiqokelela aze ayibuyisele iposi kwivoti yomnye (amazwe imithetho eyahlukene kakhulu).
  • [[FLT: 0] Ufako lotyikityo lunyanga: Ukuba utyikityo alungqinelani, umvoti unikwa ithuba lokuqinisekisa ukuba zingoobani ngokunika ubungqina bochazo okanye utyikityo olutsha.
  • [[[Umthetho:0] Izisohlwayo ezingokwasemthethweni: ukuqhatha okungaqondakaliyo kwevoti (ukuvota kabini okanye ukuvala utyikityo lomnye umntu) kusisisohlwayo esinzima.

Indima yobuxhakaxhaka ekuthunyeleni iposi

Ubuxhakaxhaka bunyusa ukufumaneka nokhuseleko lovota ngeposi, kodwa bukwaveza iingozi ezintsha ezifuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo. Amagosa okhetho kufuneka alungelelanise ulungelelwano nokuthembeka, kwaye axhomekeke kuxube lweenkqubo ezindala nezitsha ukuze enze umsebenzi.

Izixhobo zokuhambisa nokuphawula

Amatyala amaninzi ngoku anikezela ngemiboniso yengingqi apho abavoti abaneziphene/okanye bonke abavoti abakweminye imida banokukhuphela phantsi ibhola yabo yokudlala, bayiphawule kwikhompyutha okanye kwicebo leselula, kwaye emva koko shicilela ibhola yokubhala ephawuliweyo ukuze ibuyele. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ufihlo ukukhusela ibhola engenanto kunye noguqulelo oluphawulweyo. Ezinye iinkqubo zivumela abavoti ukuba basebenzise ubugcisa babo bokunceda (njenge khusite okanye igalelo lelizwi) ukwenza umgangatho wokudlala kubantu abakhubazekileyo.

Iinkqubo zenqwelo - mafutha kunye novavanyo lokukhupha isandi kwikhompyutha

Zininzi iinkqubo zokuvota eziqhutywa ngenqwelo-moya eziye zaqhutywa, ngokuyintloko ukwenzela abavoti bomkhosi namazwe aphesheya. Ezi nkqubo zivumela umvoti ukuba aphawule aze abuye afumane i-colot ye-electronic, ngokufuthi esebenzisa ukuqinisekisa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo kunye ne-biometric. Noko ke, iingcali zokhuseleko ziphakamise inkxalabo enzulu ngeenkqubo zeselula ngenxa yomngcipheko ovela kwi-malware, i-ontara, kunye nokhuthulo lothungelwano. Ngenxa yoko, zimbalwa kakhulu imimandla efumene igalelo lombane lombane elipheleleyo kuluntu ngokubanzi; iibhola zokhuseleko zihlala zisemgangathweni wegolide wokusebenza.

IiProtoam eziNqanda

Bambi abaxhasi baxhasa ukusebenzisa ubugcisa bokuvota obuthintelweyo ukuvelisa isikhuseli sophazamiso somxhasi we-projekthi. Kwingcamango, i-createchain inganika ukubonakala nokuphindwa ngaphandle kokuthembela kwigunya elisembindini. Okuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo zokuvota ezisekelwe kwibloko yokuvota zijongene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo: ubuqu bomvoti, ukukhubeka, nemfuneko yokunxibelelana okuthembekileyo kwi-intanethi yabo bonke abavoti. Iingcali ezininzi zekhompyutha zilumkisa ukuba iblokochain azikalungeni ngokwaneleyo kukhetho olusasazelelwe kuwonke, kwaye iibhola zephepha zihlala zikhuselekile kwaye zisebenzisa indlela yokuphindaphindwa.

Izixhobo zebharikhodi, iikhowudi ze-QR kunye neebhola ezifundwayo zoomatshini

Iibhasoti zale mihla zidla ngokuquka iikhowudi zebhari okanye ikhowudi ye QR equlethe ulwazi lwengingqi kunye nokhuphiswano. Ezi khowudi zinceda ekukhetheni iibhola ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Ngeli xesha icandelo lomntu elifundekayo lebhola lihlala liyivotelwe ngokusemthethweni, iikhowudi zebhari zivumela ukuqwalasela nokunciphisa ukufundwa kwezandla ngokungalunganga. Noko ke, abavoti kufuneka balumke bangaphawuli kwindawo yebhari, njengoko inokuphazamisana nokuhlola.

Ucelomngeni Nokucabangela Ikamva

Phezu kwazo nje iingenelo ezininzi, ukuvota ngeposi kujamelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo lokuba amagosa onyulo amele aluthethe ukuze agcine intembelo kunye nokuphumelela.

Imfundo yezakhono kunye nonikezelo

Abavoti abaninzi − ngokukodwa okokuqala abavoti-posi, abantu abadala, nabathethi-lwimi abangasetyenziswayo ngamaNgesi `asenoyiqonda ngokupheleleyo inkqubo. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukulibala ukutyikitya imvulophu, ukusebenzisa imvulophu engalunganga, okanye ukuphoswa kwexesha. Ukufumana iposi, ijelopozi, izibhengezo zenkonzo kawonke-wonke, nemibutho yoluntu ibalulekile. Iiofisi zokhetho zingenisa kakhulu kwimiyalelo ecacileyo, kodwa ukudideka kuhlala kungunobangela ophambili wokulahlwa kwebhola.

Ukubuyiselwa kwenkonzo yasemva

Ulibaziseko lweposi luxakeko olungapheliyo, ingakumbi kumazwe apho iibhola kufuneka zifumaneke ngoSuku Lokhetho (kunokuba ziphawulwe ngaloo mini). Utshintsho kwiinkqubo zeposi, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nezikhonkwane zobukhulu bexesha zingenza ukuba iibhola ezibhalwayo zifike emva kwexesha. IiVoter zikhuthazwa ukuba zibuyisele iibhola ngokukhawuleza, zisebenzise iibhokisi, okanye zinikezele ngesandla zikhethe ii-ofisi ukuphepha lomngcipheko. Amanye amazwe aye ashukunyiselwa ngempumelelo ku "ziphawulo nge" imiqathango yexesha lokudambisa umthwalo kwinkqubo yeposi.

Inkcazelo

Ukuvota iposi kuye kwaba lixhoba lephulo lokungavumelani nezobupolitika. Ukuxoka okungokusasazeka kwenkohliso, ukutshatyalaliswa kwebhombu okanye iinkqubo ezonakeleyo kungaphelisa ukuthembana kwabantu. Amagosa okhetho ayakuphikisana noku ngokupapasha idata ekhanyayo kwivoloti ezigatyiweyo, aqhuba iimvavanyo zikawonke-wonke zezixhobo zokudwelisa imbumbulu, kwaye asebenza nemibutho ekhangela inyani ekupheliseni iintsomi. Amaqonga e-mentlalo-ntle nawo adlala indima ekupheliseni ukukhohliswa komxholo obuxoki.

Ucelomngeni Olungokwasemthethweni Nemithetho Etshintshayo

Imithetho yokuvota iye yabekwa kwimithetho enzima kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkundla ezilinganiswe ngemiqathango, iimfuno zosayino, iinkqubo zokunyanga, kunye nokulahla ukufumaneka kwebhokisi. Umsebenzi wemithetho yesiphatho wenza kube nzima ukuba abavoti kunye nabalawuli bonyulo baqhubeke. Ukungaguquki nokucaca kumthetho kucelw'ityala lenkqubo ethembekileyo. Amagosa okhetho kufuneka akulungele ukuqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza xa imiyalelo yenkundla itshintsha inkqubo yonyulo phakathi komjikelo.

Amaxabiso nokufuduswa kwezibonelelo

Ukuzalisekisa inkqubo yokuvota eyomeleleyo kufuneka utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo: ushicilelo kunye neposi, iimvulophu ezikhuselekileyo, i-software yokulandelela, usayino lobunyani be-hardware, abasebenzi bendlela yokusebenza yokulungisa ibhola, kunye nemfundo kawonke-wonke. Ngelixesha ukuvota iposi kungenza inciphe imfuneko yamanani amakhulu abasebenzi bovotelwayo kunye neendawo zokuvota, abacuphisi abacebisa ukuba ukuguqulwa kokuvota kweposi kunyusekwe ngokwenene, ubuncinane. Umanyano kunye nemali yemo ye-yonyulo i-yonke i-ovectory i-octive i-data i-ocettingsss, ishiya ubalo oluninzi lokuthwala umthwalo.

Isiphelo: Ukufikelela Kwindlela Efanelekileyo

Uvota lweposi asiyonkqubo egqibeleleyo, kodwa xa lusetyenziswa ngononophelo, lunika indlela efikeleleka kakhulu, ekhuselekileyo, neqinisekisiweyo yokuba abemi basebenzise ilungelo labo lokuvota. Ubuchule bokulungisa, uqinisekiso, ukuphawula, ukubuya, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lwenkqubo emelana nemiqobo kunye nohlaselo olunobungozi. Njengoko ubugcisa buguquka kunye nokutshintsha kwamanani, amagosa onyulo aza kuqhubeka ecoca iposi evota ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo bonke abavoti abafanelekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, impumelelo yovotelo lweposi ixhomekeke ekuhlaseleni ulawulo oluqhubekayo kulawulo lonyulo, kwimimiselo ecacileyo yomthetho, kunye nokuthenjwa kwabantu abaphezulu. Ngokuqonda iindlela ezizinkcukacha ezichazwe kweli nqaku, abavoti kunye nabenzi bemigaqo bangasebenza kunye ukukhusela ingqibelelo yenkqubo ngoxa benyusa ukufikelela kweyona misebenzi yedemokhrasi esisiseko.