Indlela Yokubuza Iinkqubo Zedemokhrasi Ezigqwethekileyo

Amaphulo ezobupolitika asoloko efuna umphetho, kwaye enye yezixhobo ezichuliweyo ezikumaziko awo enza uphando. Ngokungafaniyo nophando olusemthethweni, olufuna ukulinganisa iimvakalelo zikawonke wonke, lunyanzelisa uphando lokuzinxiba ngokweemfashoni ngexesha lokuhambisa imiyalezo eyenziwe ngocoselelo ukuze ityhefu iimbono zabavoti. Oku kuqhelisela amaxhoba kwindawo yokuvota abathembileyo kumaziko okuvota, kusetyenziswa elo themba njengenkqubo yokuhambisa iingcamango zezobupolitika. Ukuqonda iindlela zalo ziyimfuneko ekulondolozeni idemokhrasi ephilileyo, ngenxa yokuba uvoti onolwazi luzikhusela kakhulu ekuchaseni idemokrasi.

Ukuntywila akuyonto intsha, kodwa ubuntlola bayo buye banda ngogcino-lwazi lwale mihla kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano ezijoliswe kulo. Ngoxa amazwe amaninzi eye azama ukuyilawula, lo mkhwa uyaqhubeka kuba usebenza kwindawo engwevu esemthethweni, ngokufuthithiweyo njengophando olusemthethweni. Eli nqaku lihlola uphando lokunyanzela, isiseko sengqondo, kunye namanyathelo anokusetyenziswa ngabavoti ukuze babone ukukhohlisa.

Yintoni Engcoliswa Kubantu Ngokuthundeza?

Uphando olunyanzelekileyo lwezopolitiko lufuna ukuqokelela ulwazi olungachananga malunga neembono zovoti, kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuphengulula okucetyiswayo kuvela kwabacebisi bezopolitiko kwiminyaka yee-1990, kodwa lo mcimbi uqali wezopolitiko uqala ukudibanisa inkcazelo engachananga engomvoti, amanani, kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuphengulula okuphembelela kunika inkcazelo egqwethekileyo okanye engachananga ngosukelo lokuguqula iimbono, hayi ukuzama ukuzisebenzisa.

Uphawu oluchazayo lothotho olunyanzelisayo yinjongo yalo. Ibuza imibuzo ekhokelayo, ngokufuthi equlethe iingcamango ezingalunganga ngomvoti okanye inkqubo, kwaye ilinganisa indlela ezichaphazele ngayo iimpendulo zabavoti. Imibuzo yenzelwe ukwenza amathandabuzo, ukuqinisa uqikelelo olungalunganga, okanye ukusasaza ulwazi olugqwethekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nonyulo olusemthethweni, oludla ngokugqitha 5-10 yemizuzu kwaye luquka umgama obanzi wemibuzo, ukutyhalela uhlolo kusoloko kufutshane kakhulu.

Amaphulo ezobupolitika asebenzisa ukunyanzela unyulo ngexesha lokhuphiswano, amadabi aphambili, kunye namadabi aphambili. Asebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo apho abavoti benokusikelele imbonakalo kwingxelo yephulo lenyaniso. Ngokutyala ingcamango ephosakeleyo okanye egabadeleyo engqondweni yomvoti, uvavanyo olunyanzelayo lungabumba ibali ngaphandle kokuba umvoteli athethe ngokuphandle ngalo mbandela.

Umahluko Phakathi Kokonakalisa Umthetho Nokutyhala

Ukuqonda umahluko kubaluleke kakhulu kubavoti. Imibutho yokuvota esemthethweni, enjengeGallup, iZiko lophando lwePew, okanye iprojekthi eqhutywa ngobuchule, ilandela imigangatho engqongqo yendlela yokuphendula. Isebenzisa amagama obundilele, imizekelo engacaciswanga, kunye nokubonakala ngokucacileyo ngomlinganiselo wokulinganisa nomda wempazamo. Injongo yayo kukuqokelela ulwazi olunokuthenjwa olunokukwazisa icebo okanye intetho kawonke-wonke.

Uphando lompuku, kwelinye icala, lubonisa iiflegi ezibomvu eziliqela: azifane zinikeze umlinganiselo okanye iinkcukacha zendlela yokwenza izinto; zibuza nje imibuzo embalwa, ngokufuthi ezifakwe intetho engakhiyo; zenziwa yimibutho yophando engaziwayo okanye yenkohliso; kwaye zisoloko ziqhutywa zizifemu zokucebisa kwezobupolitika okanye amaqela amaqela aphembelelayo. Umfowuni usenokungakufuni ukuchaza umbutho oxhasayo, esithi uqhuba “uphando oluzimeleyo.”

Uphando lomthetho lusetyenziselwa ukwazisa, kodwa uphando olunyanzelekileyo lusetyenziswa ukucenga. Uhlolisiso lokwenyaniso lungabuza, “Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqokelela izoqoqosho kuvoti yakho kamongameli?” Uphando olunyanzelayo lungabuza, “Ukuba ufunde ukuba urhoxise ukhuphiswano oluxhaswayo, ngaba ubungayi kuba mafutshane kakhulu ukuba uvote?" Lo uthenjiweyo uthelela ukuxhasa ukuvota, amazwi asenokuba bubuxoki ngokupheleleyo.

Umatshini Wengqondo: Isizathu Sokuba Ucengceleze Umonakalo Osebenzayo

Ukunyanzela uphando lusebenzisa uqhaqho oluninzi lolwazi olusemzimbeni ekwenzeni izigqibo zomntu. Ukuqonda olu khethe kunika amandla abavoti ukuba baqonde xa iingqondo zabo zisetyenziswa kakubi.

Imiphumo Ebangel ’ Utyekelo

Isiphumo senyaniso esingalunganga kutyekelo lwabantu lokukholelwa ukuba intetho iyinyaniso kuba nje beyivile iphindwa ngaphambili. Xa uphando olunyanzelekileyo lubuza umvoti, “Ukuba uyazi ukuba iCandite B inengxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho, oko kuya kuchaphazela ukhetho lwakho?” Ubuchopho bomvoti bungakhumbula “ifashoni” yengxelo yesaphuli-mthetho, nokuba ayizange ivunywe. Ukuphindwa kwale ngcamango, kwanakwimo yembambano, kudala inkumbulo yobuxoki. Oku kuchaphazela ngakumbi xa umvoti engenalwazi lwangaphambi kolu mbandela.

Ibhatata

Abantu batsalwa ngocingo ukuze banikele ingqalelo engakumbi kulwazi olungafanelekanga kunolwazi olulungileyo. Iziganeko, iimpawu, kunye nezenzo zikhumbuleka kakhulu kwaye zinempembelelo enkulu ekwenzeni izigqibo. Uphando lophuthumo lusebenzisa oku ngokubhekisa ngqo kwintelekelelo engalunganga ngotshaba. Umvoti angalibala iinkalo ezintle zomvotelwa, kodwa into enye eyonzakalisayo eyaziswe ngokudlula kuqhutyeko ingahlala enkumbulo, ishukumise ivoti yabo yokugqibela.

Isiqinisekiso Sokuphamba Kwentlalo

Abanye banyanzela ukuba abantu bafumane imibuzo ethetha ukuba uninzi lucinga, njengoluthi, “Abavoti abaninzi kwisithili sakho baxhalabele amaqhina ka-C kumaqela akhuthaza ingxwabangxwaba. Uxhalabele kangakanani? Oku kucebisa ukuba iqela elikhulu loontanga sele linembono engalunganga, enyanzelisa umphini ukuba avumelane nayo. Ubungqina bentlalo bungasisixhobo esinamandla sokukhuthaza, ingakumbi kumntu ochaphazelekayo okanye ophantsi.

Ukudilika kobuchule obuqhelekileyo obusetyenziswayo ekungcoliseni ngomdla

Ngoxa inqaku lokuqala lidwelise iindlela eziliqela, nganye ifanele ihlole ngokunzulu kuba ukuzalisekisa kwayo kunokuhluka ngokuphawulekayo.

Ulwimi Oluyifak ’ Imali Neziphene Zeemvakalelo

Amagama anamandla amakhulu. Imibuzo yophando lotyuso isetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa amagama achukumiseke ngokweemvakalelo alungiselelwe ukuvusa umsindo, uloyiko, okanye ukucaphuka. Endaweni yokuthi “Ivoti engu-A yokuvota ukuze irhafu yande,” uhlolisiso lokunyanzelisa lunokuthi,“ A uxhaswe kwihambo enkulu yerhafu eza kutshabalalisa amashishini amancinane.” Ukongezwa kwe-"Iindlela e-"ebangela ukuphendula ngokweemvakalelo okugqitha kuqikelelo. Amanye amagama aphathekayo aquka “cortt,”“ arradifit,” “olile,” no-“Antinelone.”

Imibuzo Ephambili Esekelwe Kukuqiqa Okuthenjiweyo

Umbuzo okhokelayo ngowokuba uqulathe uphando oluphambili. Umbuzo ophambili onyanzelisayo, “Ngaba uyayithanda iCandidte D icebo lokusika iMedicare, ezo iingcali zithi ziza kulimaza abakhulileyo?” uqiqa ukuba umbatisi unecebo, ukuba usika iMedicare, kwaye iingcali zithi iyingozi kubantu abadala. Umvoti unyanzeleka ukuba aphendule kuloo fomu, nokuba zonke iiprojekthi ezintathu zibubuxoki. Le ndlela inzima kakhulu ukuphikisana noko kuba umvoti akanalo ithuba lokulungisa irekhodi kweli cala.

Ukusasaza Ubuxoki okanye Ukusasazwa Kolwazi Olungachananga

Uphando lophulo-phulo ludla ngokuveza iingxelo eziyinyaniso ezicikidiweyo ngokupheleleyo okanye ezigqwetheke kakhulu. Kunyaka wama 2000 wempuma-South Carolina, abavoti bafumana izingxengxezo zophando ezinyanzelisayo ezicebisa ukuba umkhuphiswano uJohn McCain ube nomntwana omnyama. Ilingo belibubuxoki, kodwa umonakalo wenziwe. Ngokufanayo, ukunyanzelisa uphando kuye kwasetyenziswa ukusasaza amarhe malunga nempilo yomntu, ukungangeneli kwemali, okanye imicimbi yasese. Nokuba ulwazi luye lwakhutshwa kamva, ukuchachananiswa kokuqala kusenokuba kwanele ukufikelela kwimigqangengo ekufuphi.

Izisongelo Nemibuzo Esekelwe Kuloyiko

Abanye banyanzelisa ukuba uvotelo ludlulele ngapha koko luthetha ukuba ivoti ethile iza kukhokelela ngqo kwiziphumo ezingalunganga. Umzekelo, umbuzo usenokubuza, “Ukuba unyulwe ngo-E, ngaba uxhalabele ukuba iirhafu zempahla yakho ziza kunyuka kwaye zikunyanzelele ukuba uhambe?” Oku kudlala inkxalabo yomvoti kwaye kudibanisa iindleko zobuqu kunyulo lomntu oza kucela uncedo. Lo mbuzo awubuzisi ubungqina; ukhulisa nje inkxalabo.

Imibuzo Enzima, Engashukumiyo Neyimiba Ephindwe Kabini

Ububele bungasisixhobo esinamandla. Umbuzo ofana nothi “Uyithemba kangakanani i-F kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo kuwe?” ayicacanga kwaye inyanzela umvoti ukuba aqwalasele iimbono ezingakhiyo asenokuba uzivile. Imibuzo ephindwa kabini yileyo idibanisa imiba emibini: “Uyixhasa na imbali ka-G kwimisebenzi nakwindawo engqongileyo?" Ukuba umvoti uxhasa umvotisi kwimisebenzi kodwa hayi imekobume, banyanzeleka ukuba bajonge kwimbono yevota okanye yokuphambuka. Le ngxaki idiza idiza i-octed i-joctives kwaye ingenza umdla.

Uguqu-guquko Olungaqondakaliyo: “Uphawu Olungaqondakaliyo” Ukusetyenziswa

Olunye uhlobo oluntsonkothileyo lusebenzisa uthelekiso lothelekiso: “Abanye bathi i-Candidate H inamava, kodwa abanye bathi abakwaziyo ukufikelela. Yiyiphi imbonakalo onayo? Ngokunika enye indlela ekhuthazayo nengalunganga, uvotelo luyenza ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo kwaye lukhuthaza umvoti ukuba ayiqwalasele. Nokuba umvoti akalwamkeli ilebula eli gama libi, imbewu ityalwe.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene: Tyhala Ungcoliseko Olusebenzayo

Imizekelo yembali neyakutshanje ibonisa indlela ukuphengulula okuye kwanegalelo ngayo kwimiphumo yonyulo.

Uhlanga lwaseNew York indlu yeNtlanganiso yonyaka ka1998: Umcuphi Ongumxhasi uAlfone D’Amato wasebenzisa ukunyanzela ukuhlasela umchasi wakhe, Charles Schumer. Voters wabuzwa, “Ukuba ubusazi ukuba uCharles Schumer wayewasebenzisa imali yeli phulo kwimali yemali yobuqu, ubungayi kuba mandundu ukuvota kuye?” Isityholo asizange sinikezele, kodwa ubizo lwafikelela kwizigidi zevoti, u-Schumer unyanzelo ukuba achithe ixesha kwaye akhusele imali.

Izabelo zobu 2000 zobuRiphabliki: George W. Iphulo likaBush, kunye nothi abanye babaxhasi bakhe, basebenzisa ukunyanzela uphando ngokuchasene noJohn McCaine eMzantsi Carolina. Abavumi babuzwa imibuzo efana nethi, “Ngaba unokuba nokwenzeka okanye ungayivota uJohn McCain ukuba wazi ukuba unentombi emnyama?" Amarhebende okuthi McCain wafumana umntwana onyuliweyo waseAfrika noMelika, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba alahleke kwilahleko yakhe kwisiqalo.

2016 Unyulo loMongameli: Ngexesha lephulo lonyaka ka-2016, abavoti kumazwe amaninzi ajinga-jingayo baxele ukuba bafumana uthotho lokunyanzelisa olwabuza, “Ukuba ubunolwazi ukuba uHillary Clinton wayenamaqhina koorhulumente bangaphandle abasenokuba bebengekho mthethweni, ingachaphazela ivoti yakho?” Lo mbuzo uqulathe izityholo ezininzi ngaphandle kobungqina, uqinisekisa ukuba sele ekho ukungathembani.

Imizekelo emininzi yakutshanje: ukuvotelwa ngomdla kubhaliwe kurhulumente nakwizizwe zasekuhlaleni kulo lonke elase-US, eK, nakwi-UK. Kunyulo jikelele lwama-2024 lwe-UK, abanye abavoti bafaka ingxelo yokunyanzela uphando olufuna iinkqubo zempilo ye-Labourcontive zisebenzisa amagama afana “ukunyanzela i-'inkathalo' ukusoyikisa abatshati. E-Australia, ukunyanzela ukuvotelwa kusetyenziswa ukuchaza ukulingana nokwazisa umtshato.

Imilinganiselo Esemthethweni Neyobugcisa

Umthetho wokunyanzelisa uphando ohlukene kakhulu. EUnited States, ikhuseleke kakhulu phantsi koMphetho wokuqala njengentetho yezobupolitika, ukuba ayinqumli umgca ukuya ekutyholweni okuthe ngqo. Noko ke, amazwe amaninzi adlulise imithetho efuna ukutyhilwa komntu ohlawulela uvotelo. Umzekelo, iNgqungquthela yesiZwe yoMgaqo-siseko ilandela le mithetho [. Amanye amathetako afuna ukuba umnxeba wale umbutho oxhasayo waziwe ukuba uceliwe ukuba uceliwe, ngoxa amanye efuna idislayidi ebhaliweyo ekuqaleni.

I- UMthetho we-Canada wokhetho uthintela ukupapashwa kweentetho zobuxoki ngomvo ozanywayo, kodwa ucinezela ukukhangela okubuza imibuzo elayishiweyo maxa wambi kungawuphepha lo mqathango kuba zibekwe njengemibuzo kunokuba zichazwe ngokwenyani. I-UK ayinamthetho ongqalileyo othintelayo ekunyanzeleni ukubhaqa, kodwa iGunya leMigangatho leMigangatho kunye neKhomishini yeElectoral ingangenelela ukuba itheths.

Ngokwentelekelelo, ukunyanzelisa ukuphengulula kugwetyelwa ngabavoti abangoogcisa. I-American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) ikhuphe [[FLT: 0] izikhokelo zecandelo ukwahlula uphando olusemthethweni kwiphulo lokuzilolonga. Amalungu e-APOR ayalelwa ekuqhubeni uphando phantsi komthunzi wophando. Nangona kunjalo, amaziko amaninzi ezobupolitika akawahlulanga amalungu e-APATOR, kwaye unyanzelo aluncinane.

Isizathu Sokuba Iingcamango Zokutyhala Zibe Yingozi Kakhulu Kwixesha Eliqhelekileyo

Umhlaba wokhuphiswano lothotho utshitshile ngobugcisa. Namhlanje, amaqonga e-odocall kunye nohlolo lomyalezo ozenzekelayo avumela amaphulo okufikelela izigidi zabavoti kwisiqingatha sexabiso lonxulumano oluphilayo. Ezi ziqukwa “ziqhubo” zingaquka imibuzo erekhodiweyo, kwaye lowo uthunyweyo akanakucela ukucaciswa okanye ukutyhalela emva. Ngaphezu koko, amaqonga onxibelelwano oluntu anike ithuba elitsha lokukhuthuza: ii-'amfomati ezixhaswayo ezisebenza njengemiboniso engalunganga ngexesha lokwenza iingxelo ezingalunganga.

Ugcino-lwazi oluncinane oluchaphazelekayo luthetha ukuba uphando olunyanzelwayo lungasetyenziswa ukubhenela kuloyiko olukhethekileyo lwabemi. Umvoti ochazwa njengonogada oya kufumana uhlolo olunyanzelisayo malunga nengxelo yolawulo lompu wotshaba, ngelixa umvoti oxhalabileyo ngemfundo esenokubuzwa ngokuchetywa kwemali yesikolo. Oku kusetyenziswa kobuqu kunyusa ukusebenza kokuxhaphaza.

Ukongezelela, ukungaziwa kophatho lwamanani kwenza kube nzima ukukhangela umthombo. Inkampane ingaqesha amafemu esithathu asebenzisa imali eninzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kungabi nakwenzeka ukuphendula. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekufuneni ulawulo olunamandla lwezibhengezo zezopolitiko kunye nemfuneko yokuba zonke izibhengezo zezopolitiko, kuquka “izibhengezo zefowuni, ziquke ukutyhilwa okucacileyo komxhasi.

Indlela Izixhobo Zokudlala Ezinokukwazi Ngayo Ukurhwebelana Nokungcolisa

Ukhuseleko lufuna ukudityaniswa kokuthandabuza nokukhangela inyani. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo, ezikhuliswe kuluhlu lokuqala, zinika ukhuseleko olunamandla.

Bonga Iiflegi Ezibomvu

  • ubude bomnxeba: Uvolo lweLegitimate oludla ngokugqitha 5-15 imizuzu. Umnxeba obuza umbuzo omnye okanye emibini kuphela kwaye uxhonywe usenokuba ngumboniso otyhalela phezulu.
  • Ilayishiwe okanye ikhokela ulwimi: Ukuba umbuzo uqulathe iziphawuli ezikrakrayo (ikrupt, ukunganyaniseki, imilinganiselo) okanye ithatha izibakala ezingakhiyo, ngu bhaqo olutyhalelayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Akukho nkcazelo ityhiliweyo: Umfoti akanako okanye akanakukwazi ukuchaza umbutho oxhasayo. Kumazwe amaninzi, uvolo olusemthethweni lufuna ukutyhilwa.
  • Akukho zikhawuleziso zoqinisekiso: Iincwadi zokuvota zeLegitimate zisoloko zinika inani loqhakamshelwano loqinisekiso. Uphando loqhutyo lunqabile ukwenza.
  • “Umbuzo ukuba uyayazi" ukubhaqa: oqala ngo-“Ngaba unokuba nokwenzeka okanye ungabi namathuba okuvotela u-X ukuba uyazi ukuba u Y?" ziindlela zokucinezela.

Thabatha Inyathelo Xa Ucinga Ngento Engcolisayo

Ukuba urhanelwa ukuba unyanzelwa ukuba uvote, ungenza izinto eziliqela:

  • [[FLT: 0] Cela umbutho oxhasayo. Ukuba umfono-mfono akavumi ukuphendula, phawula umhla, ixesha, nenombolo yemfonomfono.
  • Ungaphenduli imibuzo. Ngokuthe ngqo uyala ukuthatha inxaxheba okanye uxhome. Okukhona iimpendulo ezininzi ziqokelelwa luqhagamshelwano, kokukhona ingaba “usuku lokusebenza” ukwabelana ngeziphumo namajelo eendaba.
  • Ingxelo yayo. Ifayile isikhalazo kugunya lonyulo lorhulumente wakho okanye iKhomishoni yoNxibelelwano loMbutho (FCC) ukwenzela ii-rodocalls. Ungaqhagamshelana nomntu oza kungenelwa ehlaselwayo.] Basenokufuna ukwazi imvelaphi.
  • [[NTL:0] Isalathisi- se- Fact sexesha elizayo. Jonga iintelekelelo ezenziwe kunxulumano. Sebenzisa ingeyoparatistan-ijonga amanxuwa afana FactC.org okanye PCct[[FLT]]

Yakha Ukulungelelanisa Unxibelelwano Olulungelayo

Ukhuseleko lwexesha elide lubandakanya ukuphuhlisa ukubhalwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha. Abavoter kufuneka baqonde ukuba asilulo lonke uhlolisiso oludalwe ngomlinganiselo olinganayo, nokuba amaphulo ezobupolitika asoloko esebenzisa ubuchule bokukhohlisa. Ngokuhlala benolwazi ngabaza kuvela kwimithombo emininzi ezimeleyo, abavoti bangavavanya iimbambano ezingqubanayo baze baxhathiswe kukutsalwa umnxeba omnye ongaziwayo. Ukuncokola ngonxulumano olukrokreleyo nabahlobo kunye nentsapho kunganceda ekuphapheliseni ukuphaphakanyiswa, kunciphise ukufikelela kwezi ndlela.

Impembelelo Ebanzi Kukhetho Nakulawulo - melo

Ukufota akuchaphazeli nje kuphela; kuthoba umgangatho wengxoxo kawonke-wonke. Kungenisa inkcazelo ebubuxoki okanye elahlekisayo kwizinto eziphila ngolwazi ngaphandle kokunika ixhoba ithuba elifanelekileyo lokuphendula. Amaphulo asebenzisa ukunyanzela ukuvota asoloko exhomekeke kuyo ngenxa yokuba engenazo iimpikiswano ezincinci okanye afuna ukucinezela abaxhasi abathob ’ isidima botshaba.

Kunyulo olusondeleyo, ukunyanzelisa unyulo lunganqumamisa. Ukhupho olunyanzelekileyo olukhawulezileyo olufikelela kuma-50 000 abavoti abahlukeneyo kwisithili esingundoqo lungasusa amakhulu ambalwa amavoti (*asebe ukutshintsha isiphumo. Lo mkhwa ukwafak' isandla ekuvoteleni abavoti. Xa abavoti beqonda ukuba baye basetyenziswa, bangayeka, bakholelwa ukuba lonke unxibelelwano lwezopolitiko alunyaniseki. Oku kuncitshiswa kokuthemba kuyingozi kumaziko edemokhrasi.

Ngaphezu koko, ukunyanzela ukuphembelela iintsalela ezincinci ngokungenakuthelekiswa nabavoti abangenalo ixesha okanye oovimba bokukhangela zonke izinto. Aba bavoti basoloko besuka kuluntu olucekeceke, nto leyo ethetha ukutyhalela ekuvotelweni kunokubangela ukungalingani okukhoyo komelo lwezobupolitika.

Isiphelo: Hlala Uphaphile, Hlala Unolwazi

Uphando olunyanzelisayo luhlala lusisisongelo esizingisileyo kunyulo olufanelekileyo kuba lusebenzisa umgca phakathi kophando kunye nokukhuthuza. Ngokuqonda iindlela eziqhelekileyo `ukulayishwa kolwimi, imibuzo ekhokelayo, inkcazelo engakhiyo, uloyiko oluboniswayo, kunye nokungacacanga--------------------------------------------------------------kungabunyanzeli-buchule. Isitshixo kukusondela kuhlolo lonke uphando lwezopolitilithi ngeliso lokuthanda nokuqinisekisa nangaqinisekiyo nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi na indlela.

Idemokhrasi ixhomekeke kubuchule babemi bokwenza ukhetho olukhululekileyo nolunolwazi. Xa uphando olunyanzelekileyo luthatha indawo yengxoxo enyanisekileyo ngamathandabuzo atshatiweyo, luyasifaka esi siseko. Kodwa ukuqonda kungumlinganiso onamandla ochaseneyo. Ngokuqonda indlela yokunyanzela imisebenzi yokuvota, abavoti bangabona ngokusekelwe kwizibakala, kwimilinganiselo, kunye nokucinga okunyanisekileyo, hayi kuloyiko olukhoyo lweqela lezobupolitika elifihliweyo.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya ngendlela yokuchaza ukhuphiso lobuqhophololo, iPew Research Center inika isikhokelo esiluncedo kuphando lweendlela zophando [[FLT: 1], kunye neZiko leMelika lophando loluvo loluntu linika [ iphepha lolwazi loluntu ngoko kwenziwa uphando olusemthethweni.