Ukwazisa: Umhlaba Otshintshileyo Wokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Uvota lweposi, okusoloko kubhekiselwa ekukuvoteni, okuye kwavela njengenye yezona ndlela zokungavumelani ekunwenweni kwedemokhrasi kunyuso lwangoku. Kuhlobo lwayo olulula, ukuvota iposi kuvumela abemi ukuba baphose ibhola yabo kude ngokugqiba nangokubuyisela ipeyinti yephepha kwinkqubo yeposi okanye ibhokisi yokulahla ekhuselekileyo, kunokuba babonakale kumntu kwindawo yokuvota emiselweyo. Kwiminyaka emibini edluleyo, le ndlela ivele kukhetho olusetyenziswa kakhulu ngabasebenzi basemkhosini, abemi baphesheya kwelizwe, nabo banesiphene kwisixhobo esisetyenziswa zigidi zabavoti abaqeshi kunqamleza elaseUnited States kunye nezinye idemocracrac.

Ukubaluleka okukhulayo kokuvota iposi kubangele ukuba kuphandwe ngamandla kwiziphumo zayo kwivoti. Ukudibana kubandakanya kungekuphela nje ukuba abantu bayavota (babuya) kodwa kwakhona nendlela abasebenzisana ngayo nenkqubo yokhetho (ukuba bayaphanda, bayathethana, kwaye bazive benxulumene nenkqubo yedemokhrasi. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba ukuvota kunciphisa imiqobo ekuthatheleni inxaxheba, lo gama abagxeki bephakamisa inkxalabo ngokhuseleko, ukungaphumeleli kokhuseleko, kunye nokungalawuleki. Ukuqonda ezi ntshukumo ziyimfuneko kubenzi benkqubo, abalawuli bokhetho, kunye nabemi abafuna ukuqinisa amaziko edemokhrasi.

Imeko yembali yeMail-in Vong

Ukuvota iposi asikokutsha. Lo mkhwa usukela kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseMelika xa amajoni ephosa iibhola zokuvota ezingekhoyo edabini. Kwinkulungwane elandelayo, uthetha ukuba ngokuthe ngcembe wandisa amalungiselelo okuvota okungekho. Ngoo1970, amazwe amaninzi avumela nabani na obhalisiweyo ukuba acele ibhoti engekho ngaphandle kokuba afune isizathu. Noko ke, oko akubanga kude koo 2000 apho amajoni amaninzi aqalisa ukuguqula iprojekthi ngokuyintloko ahambele phambili kwiinkqubo zokuvota ngeposi.

IOregon yakhokela indlela ngo-1998, yaba lizwe lokuqala ukuqhuba unyulo ngeposi. IWashington yalandela e- 2011, eColorado, eHawaii nase-Utah ngo-2020. Aba vulindlela banikela ilebhu yendalo yokufunda iziphumo zokuvota xa kugatywa ivoti. Amava abo anika inkcazelo eluncedo ekuchongeni, kwiindlela zokuthatha inxaxheba kumanani abantu, kunye neengxaki zokusebenza.

Unyuko lokuveliswa kweposi: Abaqhubi kunye nesikali

Unyuso lovoto lweposi kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adluleyo luqhutywa ziimeko ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo. [[FLT:] inkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa ekushicileleni, ekuthumeleni, nasekubalekeni komkhondo yenze inkqubo yanempumelelo kwaye icace gca. [[[FLT:]] iinguqu ezingundoqo ziphelise ngokuthe ngcembe iimfuno, yenza ukurhoxiswa kwevota kufumaneke kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo kumazwe amaninzi. [[FLT:]]

Isifo se-COVID-19 sasebenza njengesixhobo esinamandla sokukhupha iposi. Ngo-2020, phakathi kwenkxalabo yempilo kunye nemiyalelo yoluntu, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha se-U.S. abavoti baphosa izicelo zabo ngeposi, ngokweKhomishini yeNkqubela-Mvumelo ye-U.S. Amazwe awayekade ekwamkele uvolo lweposi olusemthethweni kumalungiselelo kaxakeka ukuze avumele ufikele. Esi sikali sikhulu sanika abaphandi ulwazi oluninzi kodwa kwakhona sakhuthaza impikiswano enzulu ngokhuseleko nengqibelelo.

Iingenelo zokuthunyelwa kweposi kubungqina bomsebenzi

Ufikelelo kunye noXhaso

Ukuvota i-posi kususa omnye weyona miqobo ibalulekileyo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba: imfuneko yokuhamba ukuya kwindawo yokuvota ngexesha leeyure ezilinganiselweyo. Kubantu abakhulileyo, abantu abaneziphene, abo bangenazo izithuthi ezithembekileyo, kunye nabakhathaleli abaneemeko ezingaguqukiyo, ukukwazi ukuvota ekhaya kungaguqula. Uvavanyo lweZiko lophando lwe-Pult [[FLT:] [[FLT: 1] lubonisa ukuba abavoti bekhubazeka ngokwexabiso eliphezulu lokhetho lweposi xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zesithethe.

Ukulungelelanisa Uxinezeleko Nokuncitshiswa

Abaxhasi abafumana ivoloti ekhaya bangayizalisa ngesantya sabo, isikhokelo esijongene nomntu oza kufunda kunye neebhola ezimfutshane. Oku kunciphisa ixhala elinxulumene nokuhamba kwindawo zokuvota ezixineneyo, imigca emide, kunye nezixhobo ezididayo. Uphando olusuka kwi I-EMIT Ugcino-lwazi lokhetho kunye neScience Lab lubonisa ukuba abavoti kuyo yonke iposi bachaza ulwaneliseko oluphezulu kakhulu ngamava okuvota xa kuthelekiswa nalawo akwimeko enyanisweni.

Ithuba Lokwenziwa Kwesigqibo Esinolwazi

Ukuba nevoti esesandleni kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki kuvumela abavoti ukuba baphande intlanga nganye kunye neziqu eziqukunjelweyo ngaphambi kokuphawula ukhetho lwabo. Oku kungakhuthaza ukuganana okunolwazelelelo oluphezulu nokhuphiswano lwebhola encinane, njengezihlalo zebhodi yesikolo okanye unyulo lomthetho. Ubungqina obuvela kuColorado bubonisa ukuba abavoti-posi basengozini kakhulu yokugqiba zonke iibhola zabo, kuquka namaqela aphantsi, xa kuthelekiswa neevoti eziphambili.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kokusasazwa Kweposi

Ukungakhathali nokunganeliseki

Abanye abajongi baxhalabele ukuba ukuvota ngeposi kunganciphisa iinkalo zesithethe kunye nezoluntu zoSuku lokhetho, kusenokuncitshiswa imvakalelo yokusebenza kwesizwe. Uhlolisiso lwama-2021 kwi- ukuziphatha kobuPhofu [ lufumene kuphela ubungqina obuthobayo bokuba iposi-enkomfa-ninzi iziva inganxulunyaniswanga nenkqubo yokhetho, kodwa iziphumo ezahlukileyo ngokwemini. Ulutsha lungaphoswa lukhuthazo olusuka ekuvoleni ngabamelwane.

Ubuchule kunye nezenzo eziqhelekileyo

Ngaphandle koncedo, ukuvota kuzisa iseti yayo yeengxaki. Iibhola zingalahleka ekuthuthweni, zibandezelwe yinkonzo yeposi ethobayo, okanye zigatywe ngenxa yokutyikitya okungahambelaniyo, ukuphoswa kwexesha, okanye ulwazi olungagqibekanga. Brennan Center yeJaji iingxelo zokuba ebudeni bonyulo jikelele lwama-202020] iibholae ezingekhoyo zalahlwa lilizwe lonke, ngomlinganiselo omalunga no-1%. Xa elo nani lincinane, limele amashumi amawaka eenqanawa ezirhoxiweyo. Ukuchaswa okunjalo kunokucinezela ngaphandle nokuchaphazela amaqela amancinane naselula.

Iimbambano Zokhuseleko Nezokukholosa

Uhlolisiso olumalunga nokuqhatha ibhola, nangona inqabile ngokwezibalo, iye yaba linqaku elisembindini lokuthetha kwintetho yezobupolitika. Izityholo eziphezulu zenkohliso ./nazo ezingezona ezingachananga kakhulu, /ayithi nkqi) lungaphelisa ukuthemba uluntu ekuvotelweni kweposi. Uhlolisiso lwama-202020 lweZiko lophando lwafumanisa ukuba ama-7% amaMelika ovota ngeposi ayeqinisekile ukuba ukuvota kwawo kuya kubalwa, xa kuthelekiswa no-8% yabathathi be-personvota. Ukrust ungakhokelela abanye abavoti ekuphepheni i-posi-in bovoti okanye ukuncishwa kweziphumo ezifanelekileyo, ukucutha ukubolekisa ukubolekisa ukuvotelwa kwenkqubo yokhetho.

Impembelelo Kumatshini Wokuvelisa Izixhobo Zokudlala: Oko Kuboniswa Luphando

Umbuzo ongundoqo uhleli: ngaba ukuvota okuzii-posi kunyusela umvoti? Impendulo icacile kwaye ixhomekeke kumongo. Ufundo olusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olusuka e-Oregon, eWashington, naseColorado `isimo esineenkqubo zovoti ezinde zeposi-(-conomist) lufumana unyuko oluncinci kodwa olubalulekileyo ekunyukeni, oluqhelekelwe ukusuka ku 2 ukuya ku 5% yamanqaku ovoti. Umzekelo, uhlaziyo 2017 olupapashiwe ku- Umthetho wokhetho [

Noko ke, isiphumo asifani kuyo yonke into ekhoyo yamanani. uphando lweposi-invota lubonakala lulwandisa ngamandla kakhulu ulwandiso phakathi kwabavoti abaxhaphakileyo .... Abo bavotayo ngamathuba athile kodwa hayi onke amanyulo. Banesiphumo esithe tye ngakumbi kumntu ovotayo, oya kuvota kungakhathaliseki ukuba icebo linjani na. Okubalulekileyo, uphando Ukuvota amalungelo eLab babonise ukuba iposi-invota inciphisa umsantsa phakathi komdla ophezulu nongenayo, nangona ingawuphelisi ngokupheleleyo. Imeko eluncedo ibonakala inceda ukufikelela ezintlalweni ezisebenzayo, ezinokujamelana nezinzima njengemisebenzi enzima okanye ezithenjiweyo.

Urhwebo nokhuphiswano oluncinane

Abavoti abaselula (abaneminyaka eli-18-29) baye bavota ngokwembali kwinani eliphantsi kuneenkampani ezindala. Ukuvota ngeposi kunika amathuba okubandakanyeka kweli qela ngokucutha ukhuhleko lovotelo. Ngexesha lonyulo lwama-2020, iZiko lolwazi nophando lweCBICOL and Tancirement (CIRCILEment) kwiYunivesithi yaseTufts ithe abantu abaselula baphendukile kwinani elibhaliweyo, ngomlinganiselo omkhulu besebenzisa iposi-in boloti. Kodwa, uphando lubonisa ukuba uvote oselula abavoti-zincwadi zabo basenokungayamkelwa ngenxa yokutyikitywa okanye ukubuya kwe-mvume yasemva, becebisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwemfundo nokuncitshiswa kwemfundo kurhoxinzekile.

Uvavanyo lwetyala: Uvavanyo lomgangatho karhulumente nokhuphiswano lweposi

Oregon: Uvulindlela

Inkqubo yeposi epheleleyo ye-Oregon, esekhoyo ukususela ngo- 2000, ibone ukuba i-Oregon ifumene amashumi amabini eminyaka exesha elide. Urhulumente usoloko ephakathi kophezulu kakhulu kuvoti kwilizwe lonke, idla ngokugqitha ku 70% kunyulo lomongameli xa kuthelekiswa nomlinganiselo wesizwe wama-60%. Okubalulekileyo, i-Oregon ibone ukuba nenxaxheba kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni kunye nolungekho nyaka, apho unyulo oluqhelekileyo luthe lwanyuka. Le nkqubo inandipha inkxaso ebanzi ye-bipartisn phakathi kooregorian, kunye nonobhala we-ofisi yeRhulumente [] unika amanani olwaneliseko ngaphezulu kwe-80%.

IColorado: Umzekelo Wobungqina Bokwenza Ucalulo

UColorado wasebenzisa iposi kwivota yehlabathi lonke ngo-2013 kwaye wamkela ubhaliso olufanayo lwemivoti kunye nokufumana i-electronic. Le nxube iye yasebenza kakhulu. Ngokutsho konobhala wezorhulumente weColorado, kunyulo jikelele lwama-2020 lwafikelela ku 8.0.3%, enye yezona qondo ziphezulu kweli lizwe. Izwe likwasebenzisa inkqubo yotyikityo olunamandla kwaye linika abavoti amathuba okufumana "ukhuseleko" olungahambelani, ukunciphisa amazinga okulahlikiselwa. Amava kaColorado ibonisa ukuba iposi ivoti, xa idityaniswe ngesakhiwo esiqinileyo, ingakhupha ukugana ngaphandle kokulala umva.

EKhalifoniya 2020: Ukufumana Izinto Ezandisiweyo Naxa Kukho Ingxaki

Ukuphendula kwisifo esingubhubhani, iKhalifoniya yathumela iiposi kwivoti nganye ebhalisiweyo kunyulo lukaNovemba 2020. ITurmout yaphumela ku 8 0.8% yabavoti abafanelekileyo ./ipesenti ephezulu kumbuso ukususela ngo 1952. Uhlalutyo lweYunivesithi yaseCalifornia lwafumanisa ukuba ulwando lwaphawulwa kakhulu phakathi kwabavoti bemibala kunye nabavoti abaselula. Noko ke, iKhalifoniya inamava aphezulu okungafunwa kwebhola ebhayiseli kwiireji ezithile, ukuqaqambisa okuzinzileyo ekufikeleleni kwiinkonzo zeposi kunye nemfuneko yokufumana i-bolotte-trayiti kunye neenkqubo zokunyanga.

Indima yoMbutho Wokwamkela Umntwana Okhawulezayo

Isifo esigqugqisileyo sasebenza njengovavanyo lokuvota ngeposi ngomlinganiselo ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili. Ngo-2020, ngaphezu kwama-65 ezigidi zalahlelwa ngeposi kuzweni lonke-lonke 2016. Ngokuphindwe kabini inani lamazwe amaninzi amkela amalungiselelo ongxamiseko, kwaye abavoti bavumelana ngokukhawuleza. Uhlolisiso oluqhutywa liZiko lophando lwePew lwabonisa ukuba ama-70% eposi evoti athe anokuba anokusebenzisa indlela kunyulo lwexesha elizayo, nangaphandle kwesifo. Oku kucebisa ukuba ukhuphulo kwiposi evoti lungavelisa iinguqulelo ezihlala zihleli kwihambo yovoti.

Kanti indyikitya ebhencayo echaphazelekayo. Ukulibaziseka kwenkonzo yasemva, ii-ofisi zonyulo ezingafunwayo, kunye nemigaqo karhulumente engaguquguqukiyo yakhokelela ekudidekeni kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukudilika. Amava abethelela ukubaluleka kokuveliswa konyulo, kuquka ukuphoswa kweebhokisi, uqeqesho oluqinileyo lwabasebenzi, kunye namaphulo emfundo kawonke-wonke. Ngaphandle kokuzinjiswa kwemali, isithembiso sokuvota iposi sisenokubonwa ngokuyinxenye nje.

Ikamva lokuthunyelwa kwe-imeyile: Utyekelo noluqwalaselwayo

Ukhupho lovota luza kuxhomekeka kwimiqathango emininzi esebenzayo. inkqubela-phambili yokwalatha kumanqanaba ombuso norhulumente inzima. Amanye amazwana ashukunyiswe ukuba aqhubeke ngokusisigxina ekwamkeleni ukungahambi kovotelo okanye unyulo lweposi kwingingqi yonke, ngexa amanye ebeke imiqathango emitsha, efuna ukuchongwa okanye ukulinganisela ukufikelela kwebhokisi. Umsebenzi wemithetho odityanisiweyo udala unikezelo olungafaniyo kulo lonke ilizwe.

[[NTL:0] Uhlaziyo lobugcisa lunika omabini amathuba kunye nomngcipheko. Iinkqubo eziphuculiweyo zokulandelela ibhola, i-intanethi yee-colot comments zesicelo se-electal, kunye notyikityo lwezikhuseli zesiqinisekiso lunganyusa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthemba. Noko ke, izisombululo zamanani ezingasetyenziswanga kakuhle zingazisa inkxalabo yangasese okanye ukungaphumeleli kobuchule. Ukuvota okusekelwe kuxhotyikiswe kakhulu, ngexa kucetyiselwa, kuhlala kukhutshwa kwisikali kwaye kunyuswe isetiso sayo sokhuseleko nemibuzo yokufikelela.

uluvo lwePublic luza kubumba ukwamkelwa ngethuba elide. Imigudu yokususa iposi evoti-"enokuba ivela kwintelekelelo yokuqhatha engenasihlahla okanye amabali ashukunyisiweyo eempazamo ezahlukeneyo", ingaphelisa ukuthembana. Ngokuchaseneyo, imisebenzi ecacileyo, ulawulo lonyulo lwe-bipartis, kunye nemfundo engaguqukiyo yovoti ingakha intembelo. Iintlangano ezinjenge- Ingqungquthela yesizwe ye-Legistures [ inikela ukhokelo kuqheliselo olungcono olulungele ukufikelela nokhuseleko.

Isiphelo: Ukulungelelanisa indlela yokufumana nokuthembeka

Uvota lweposi lungqinelwe njengesixhobo esinamandla sokwandisa ukuvota, ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela ajongene nemiqobo yokuba nenxaxheba. Ubungqina obuvela kumaphondo amaninzi bubonisa ukuba xa ephunyezwa ngenkathalo / ukudibanisa utyikityo, ukulandelela, nokuvota, kunye nemfundo yomvoti-iposi inganyusa ukujika ngokuzolileyo ngoxa igcina imigangatho ephezulu yokuthemba nokhuseleko. Noko ke, ukuvota kwe-posi akuyondawo e-pan. Ayiziphelisi ngokuzenzekelayo imingeni yokurhoxisa, kwaye inokuzisa imingeni emitsha efana nokulamuka, ukurhoxaba, ukurhola kweposi, nokurhoxaba.

Ikamva lokuvota iposi liya kufuna uphando oluqhubekayo, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo eqikeleleyo, kunye nozibopheleleko kuko kokubili ukufumaneka nokuthembeka. Njengoko umnyulo usiba ngowahluke ngakumbi kwaye iimfuno kwinkqubo yokukhetha zikhula, ukuqonda iziphumo ezicacileyo zokuvota iposi kuzakufuneka ekuqinisekiseni ukuba idemokhrasi ihlala inamandla, ingenasiphelo, kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana neemfuno.