Inkqubo Yokuhlola Nokuhlola Uncedo Lwamanye Amazwe

Iinkqubo zoncedo lwamazwe angaphandle zimela amawaka ezigidi zeerandi kutshengiso lwaminyaka le olujolise ekunciphiseni ubuhlwempu, ukuphucula impilo, nokukhuthaza ulwando lwezoqoqosho kumazwe asakhasayo. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, abanikeli kunye nabameli abasebenzele ukuzama ukulinganisa iziphumo zokwenene zolu ngenelelo. Uhlolo kunye nohlolo lwamajelo oluqhelekileyo (M&E) lufikelela qho kwiziphumo zohlolo-hlolo-lo-lo-lo, iingxelo zexesha, kunye nokhuthumelo lwentsiba, kunye nokuhlola okuninzi, ukuqwalasela iinkqubo zazo zexesha lokwenene okanye ukuchaza utshintsho kwimisebenzi ethile. Izinto zakutshanje ziphinde zilungise iM& E, ukwazisa ubugcisa kunye nendlela yokwenza ukuba kubekho okuthe ngqo, okufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlola. Eli nqaku lihlola ezonandisiwe, ukuvavanya izicelo zazo, kunye novavanyo lobuchule boncedo lobugcisa bangaphandle.

Iinkcazelo zobugcisa ezidityanisiweyo kwiM&E

Umfanekiso wesatellite kunye nokuvakala okukude

Umfanekiso-bhanyabhanya wesatellite uthathele ngaphaya kwemaphu elula ukuba ibe sisixhobo esinamandla sokuhlola iiprojekthi zezibonelelo, utshintsho lwemeko-bume, kunye neziphumo zokulima. Imibutho enjenge- IBhanki yomhlaba [ ngoku isebenzisa imifanekiso ephezulu e-oyilekayo ukuya kulwakhiwo lweendlela, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kunye nolwandiso lwenezentengiso lwenkqubo yokunkcenkcenkceshela ngaphandle kwemfuneko yamaqela asemhlabeni. Inkqubela yomatshini yokufunda ivumela ukuba ngokuzenzekelayo zifumane utshintsho ekusetyenzisweni komhlaba, ukwakhiwa kwemipu, kunye nempilo, icuthe ixesha lokufumana ugcino-data ukuze lusebenze ngengqiqo kwiinyanga nakwentsuku.

Ngokomzekelo, eMzantsi Sudan, ulwazi lwesatellite lwenza ukuba abameli boncedo bahlole imeko yeendawo zeembacu zokuhlala nokuhlola iingozi zeempuphuma ngexesha lokwenene, ukuvumela ukuba kubekho izinto ezisebenzayo. Ngokufanayo, e-Ethiopia, izityalo ezikhutshwayo ezisebenzisa itellite zinceda ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yokulawula ilahleko, inika ubungqina obucacileyo bokukhukuliseka komhlaba.

Iqela ledata ehambayo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza

Ukwanda kweminxeba kumazwe angenayo asezantsi, ngokunjalo kwiindawo ezikude, kwaye iqokelele ugcino-lwazi lwendawo. Izixhobo ezinjenge ODK, SurveyCTO, ne KoboToolbox zivumela abalawuli ukuba banike uhlolo oluntsonkothileyo ngaphandle kolayini, bathathe iGPS yoququzelelo, bafake imifanekiso okanye bakhuphe iifoto okanye babhale amazwi. Imithetho esemthethweni eyakhelwe kwezi zicelo ibamba iimpazamo kwinqanaba lokungena, iphucula ubunjani bogcino-data kwiindlela ezisekelwe kumaphepha.

Amalungiselelo anjenge USAID adibanise ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluhambayo kumsebenzi wabo wesiqhelo M& ukunyuka komsebenzi, ukunceda abasebenzi bengingqi bomgangatho wezonyango ukuba banikezele iingxelo zenkonzo zeveki ngeveki evela kwintsimi. Isantya kunye neziphumo zocoselelo zivumela abaphathi benkqubo ukuba baphawule ii-boardenecks jpt zemichiza ebalulekileyo(* kwaye baphendule ngeentsuku endaweni yeenyanga.

Iidreyimane Nee-arial Vehicles Ezingenamabhanti

Ii-drones zizalisa isithuba phakathi kwemifanekiso-mifanekiso yesatellite kunye nohlalutyo lomhlaba. Zingathatha imifanekiso ephezulu efuna ukushukuma kwamanxuwa eprojekthi, nakwiimeko ezimathumbna apho ii-tellite zingaphumeleli. Kwimeko yenkqubela-phambili, ii-drones zisetyenziselwa ukuzoba amaceba okulima, ukuvavanya umonakalo emva kweentlekele zendalo, kwaye zijonge inkqubela-phambili yemisebenzi yokwakha efana nezikolo okanye iikliniki-kliniki. Indleko yee-drons zezorhwebo zehla kabukhali, zifikeleleka kumazwe afana neGhana neNepalvia ngoku zixhobisa abasebenzi bengiselwa umqhubi wenqwelo-data, ukukhuthaza ukuba babe nabaphathi be-M& Lamp; inkqubo.

I-Internet yezinto (IoT) kunye nenethwekhi yoluvo

Apho uqhagamshelwano lwe-Intanethi lukhoyo, izimvo ze-IoT zinika imijelo yogcino-lwazi eqhubekayo. Iimpompo zamanzi eTanzania yasemaphandleni, umzekelo, zifakelwe ngokukhulayo ngezivamvo ezidlulisela isantya sohambo nobume bomatshini kwibhodi ephakathi. Oku kwenza amaqela okugcina iimpompo ezophukileyo alungise iiyure ezingephi, kunokuba alinde uhlolo olukwikota. Ngokufanayo, iimitha zentsimbi kwindlela yokufakela iplanethi yasekhaya ngokuzenzekelayo iziphumo zamandla kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa, kunikwa abatshaneli ulwazi oluthembekileyo ngemisebenzi kunye nokuziphatha komthengi.

Izinto ezizinzileyo zogcino-lwazi kunye nobuntlola obenziweyo

Ugcino-lwazi Olukhulu Lokulinganisa Utyekelo

Udubulo lwe-data yamanani .ukusuka kwiirekhodi zefowuni zeselula, ii-ofisi zezentlalo-ntle, iintengiselwano zemali, kunye nemithombo yolawulo .(ukuvelisa amathuba e-M&E awayengenakuthelekelelwa kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Ii-data ezinkulu ezi-alytics zingabona iziphumo zomlinganiselo wabemi. Umzekelo, iGama Menumstion Records (CDR) kubasebenzi beselula banceda abasebenzi be-translate transport emva kwengxaki, ukwazisa amaxhoba oncedo lobuntu. I-CDglegints-data enzima kunye nogcino-data olungaqhelekanga lwe-CDR luye lwasetyenziswa ukuvavanyanisa iziphumo zokudlulisa ingeniso ngokuhlalutya kohambo nokuchitha ixesha.

Iimodeli zokufunda umatshini

Imfundo yomatshini (ML) isetyenziswa ngokukhulayo ukuqikelela iziphumo zeprojekthi nokufumana ii-athom. Kwinkqubo zolwandiso lwe-ML, iimodeli ze-ML eziqeqeshwe kugcino-lwazi lwemozulu yembali, kwiimeko zomhlaba, kunye nomlinganiselo wokufumana abantwana abanokuxela kwangaphambili ukuba ngabaphi abalimi abanokuba bamkele iinkqubo ezintsha, ukuze kubekho iinkqubo zokulungisa ukuphuma kwabo. Kwimpilo, i-algorimethimes zihlalutya iingxelo zomguli ukuchonga iimpawu ezilumkisa kuqala zokuqhambuka kwezifo, zivumela imibutho yoncedo ukunikezela ngezixhobo. Iimodelidi ezichaza iingxelo ezingaqhelekanga kwinkcitho okanye ukurhoxa iziphumo zemali zixhobisa izilumkiso ze-omatshini ezisetyenziswayo

Ukulungelelaniswa kolwimi lokwemvelo logcino-lwazi olunemingeni

Uninzi lobungqina kuncedo lwamanye amazwe luqulathe i-quality", iscripts samaqela oqwalaselo, iimpendulo ezithunyelwe- phambili, okanye umphathi- mkhosi welizwe. Ukusebenza kolwimi lwendalo (NLP) izixhobo ngoku ziyakwazi ukudibanisa nokuhlalutya imiqulu emikhulu yokubhaliweyo, ukukhupha imixholo, imvakalelo, kunye nokuphinda-phindeka kwamagama ayintloko. [[FLLT:0] I-UNICEF F Office [[FLLT:1] iqhubele phambili i-NLP ukudibanisa izinto ezifunyenwe kumakhulu engxelo yovavanyo, ukuchaza izifundo ezingenakusebenziseka kakuhle ukuqokelela ngezandla. Ngexesha le NLP ayithathi indawo yokuqonda okungundoqo komntu, inyusa kakhulu inkqubo yobungqina bovavanyo.

Iindlela zohlolo ezintsha

Iindlela Zokufikelela

Ukuthathela uxanduva kuluntu luye lwasuka ekuhloleni ubuchule bokusebenza kunye nokwenene. Izixhobo zokuncedisa iM& izicwangciso zibandakanya abaxhasi basekuhlaleni ekuchazeni impumelelo, ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi, kunye nokutolika iziphumo. Ubugcisa obufana noTshintsho oluBanzi oluBalulekileyo, iikhadi zoshicilelo, kunye nokufumana iingxelo zoluntu zinika ilizwi kubaxhamli kwaye zisoloko zityhila iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga zemisebenzi ````````iproject'''''''. Umzekelo, kwiprojektha yogusho lwamanzi esemaphandleni eBangladesh', amalungu oluntu afumanisa ukuba iindlu ezintsha zezindlu zangagqibekanga zimiselwe ukugcinwa endaweni yokusetyenziswa, ukufunyanwa okunokuthi kuqwalaselwe ngabaququlul' olukhoyo.

Iimvavanyo Ezilawulwa Ngokungakhethiyo kunye noyilo lwezigulana

Uvavanyo olunamandla luhlala lulilitye lesiseko loncedo olusekelwe kubungqina. Ngexa i-RCTs eLawulayo ingumgangatho wegolide wokuseka i-causality, ixabiso layo ephezulu kunye nemilinganiselo yendlela yokusebenza elinganiselweyo. Iindlela zobuchule zokusebenza. Quasi-empering system zendlela zomahluko-kungaguquguquki, ukuphinda ulwenzeko, kunye nenqaku elingenalusikelele elifana ne--intelekiso olunamandla xa i-endleko lungagqibekanga. Utshintsho lwamva nje luquka ukutshintsha imilinganiselo elungelelanisayo okanye iziphumo zokuphatha njengeziphumo ezisebenzayo, ukwenza uvavanyo olusebenzayo kwizicwangciso ezisebenzayo.

Iinkqubo ezibuyisela umva ngexesha lokwenene

Uvavanyo lwesithethe lusoloko lwenzeka phakathi kwenqanaba kunye nesiphelo seprojekthi, inika umlinganiselo omfutshane wokulungisa. Iinkqubo zexesha lokwenene zentsingiselo zisebenzisa uphando lweselula, i-SMS, kunye nokujongwa kwezentlalo-ntle yezonxibelelwano ukuqokelela iziphumo eziqhubekayo ezivela kubaxhamli. I-shackboards ziphumeza iziphumo ezilungelelanisayo. I-Rapid Cooperack M&pamp; E imela, ixhaswe yimibutho efana no [FLL:0] iBill & Lamp; Melinda Gates Foundation , ivumela amaqela enkqubo yocwangciso ukuba alinge, afunde, kwaye alungise ungeniso lweveki okanye lomjikelo wenyanga. Kungenelo olunye lwemfundo eKenya eKenya, ngexesha lokwenene lokuphuma-ediyo, ukutyhilwa kweprojekti yeprojekti yeproti yemi, iprojekthi esetyenziswa kwingxelo zolwazi zolwazi zombini zombimbini kunye nokuqhela.

Uhlalutyo loncedo kunye nolwamkelo lwenkqubela

Kungenelelo oluntsonkothileyo apho kunzima ukungqina, uhlolo olusekelwe kwimfundiso lufikelela kuhlalutyo lomnikelo kunye nenkqubo yokulandelela lufumana igalelo. Ezi ndlela zakha ibali elithembekileyo ngendlela ungenelelo olufakkileyo olufakkileyo olufak' isandla ngayo ekuboneni ezinye iingcaciso ezicwangcisiweyo. Baxhomekeke kubungqina obudityanisiweyo kunye nenkcazo yenkqubo eyomeleleyo, kwaye iluncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni, ukuqiqa, kunye nemisebenzi yokuvavanya amakhono apho amacebo okuvavanya angasebenzi khona.

Isithinteli sokubonisa ngaphaya kunye nokuphendula

Ubugcisa obusasaziweyo bomkhokeli bunika izicelo ezinika ithemba zeM&E kuncedo lwangaphandle. I-blockchain ingenza indlela yophicotho-zincwadi olungatshintshiyo ukwenzela ukukhutshwa kwemali, iqinisekisa ukuba i-dola ngalinye lifunyanwe kumnikeli wesigqibelo. Izivumelwano ezimfutshane zingakhupha ngokuzenzekelayo iindleko xa kuchazwe kwangaphambili ziqinisekisiwe/umzekelo, iprojekthi yokwakha i-M& i-breki yesikolo eqinisekiswe ngemifanekiso ejijekezayo efakwe kwiblokhitshachain. Iprojekthi ye World Food Programmes "Ing Divings" ibonise ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwemiqobo yemiqobo kuncithazo zenteko yoncedo lweembacuthi. Umzekelo we-M& ngokukodwa, i-ekhain inika ingxelo ekhuthu yengxelo ye-data enika iziphumo.

Ucelomngeni Nenkcaso Efanelekileyo

Ugcino - lwazi Nonqabiseko

Ukwanda kogcino-lwazi lwamanani kunyusa inkxalabo enzulu yobuqu. Ukuquka amagama e-data . Qhakasha, iindawo, imeko yempilo, kunye nolwazi lwemali kusenokusetyenziswa kakubi ukuba akukhuselekanga kakuhle. Imibutho emininzi yoncedo isebenza ngemibandela enemigaqo ebuthathaka yogcino-lwazi, ibeka umthwalo onzima kubahloli ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyavuma kolwazi, ugcino-lwazi olufihlakeleyo, kunye nokugcinwa okukhuselekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemikhondo yemikhondo kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezentlalo kuphakamisa imibuzo eyongezelelekileyo malunga nokuvumelana kunye nokukwazi ukukhokelwa kweliso. Ukukhulisa imigaqo ecacileyo yemithetho yokuziphatha kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zogcino-data akuzizinto ezifunekayo ekuboneleni ulwazi olunempumelelo kwi-M&camp; E.

Ukwahlula Amanani

Ubuchule bobugcisa bokwandisa umsantsa phakathi kwemimandla yedolophana edityaniswe kakuhle kunye noluntu lwasemaphandleni olusezantsi. Kwimimandla emininzi ephantsi, ugqumo lwenethwekhi oluhambayo luhlala lungaphelelanga, umbane awuthembeki, kwaye ukufunda amanani kusezantsi. Ukuxhomekeka kuphela kwingqokelela yogcino-lwazi oluphezulu kungakhupha ezona zilula kubemi kwaye kuvelise iziphumo ezigqwethekileyo. Hybrid ifikelela ku-(combini yendlela esezantsi yephepha njengohlolisiso lweminye imibutho enezixhobo zamanani zabanye abantu.)

Ukwakhiwa komsebenzi kunye nokuzinziswa

Ukuzisa i-M& ehambele phambili; izixhobo ezizinzileyo ngaphandle kokufaka ubuchule kunye nezibonelelo zasekuhlaleni zidla ngokukhokelela ekuxhomekekeni kwabacebisi bangaphandle. Imisebenzi emifutshane ingasebenzisa ii-drones ezibiza imali eninzi okanye i-software esetyenziswayo, kodwa xa sele iphelile inkxaso-mali, abasebenzi basekuhlaleni basenokungabi nabuchule bokugcina iinkqubo. Ukuzihlaziya okuzinzileyo kufuna iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezizinzileyo kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni, ukukhuthaza i-software evulekileyo, kunye nokwakha amandla e-alytical e-mouse yesizwe ye-M&; E. Amaqela afana ne- amaqela ee.

Ukuba semthethweni nokufaneleka

Ubugcisa obutsha kunye neendlela ezingezizo eziphezulu. Ukuhendwa "kwe-data enkulu" kungakhokelela ekujoliseni koko kulula ukulinganisela kunokuba kubaluleke. Umzekelo, umzobo wesatellite ulunge kakhulu kukulinganisa utshintsho lomzimba kwizibonelelo kodwa awuniki buchule kwindlela iprojekthi ephuculiweyo yoluntu okanye amandla. M& abenzi-mayeza kufuneka bahlale bechanaba malunga nokufaneleka kwesixhobo ngasinye, beqinisekisa ukuba indlela ihambelana nombuzo kunye nomongo.

Icala

Intsingiselo ezininzi ziza kubumba iliza elilandelayo lolwakhiwo loncedo lwamanye amazwe M&E. Ukudibana kobuchule bokufakelwa ngentelekelelo yesatellite kuza kunceda ukujonga kufuphi ixesha lobunyani kwimimandla yonke ukwenzela utshintsho kuqoqosho, ukuwohloka kwemekobume, kunye nomngcipheko wobungozi. Ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi oluyiliweyo oluyiliweyo olufakwe yimodeli ye-Al ukulinganisa amanani abantu.

Amaqonga athabatha amaqonga amanani anokuba nobuntsonkothile, avumele abantu banganiki nje kuphela ingxelo kodwa baphinde banikele inkxaso-mvume yobuchule bokwenza uphando kunye nogcino-lwazi lwabo. Amanyathelo enzululwazi yengingqi, apho amatsha - ntliziyo asekuhlaleni aqokelela kwaye achaza ugcino-lwazi, ayanda kwimpilo nakwindlela yokuhlola indalo.

Iblockchain ingahamba ngaphaya kwamaqondo omqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuze ibe lilungu elisezantsi loncedo lokubonakala, ingakumbi kwizibonelelo ezinkulu kunye neeprojekthi zokufumana. Okwangoku, ukugxininiswa okukhulayo ekuzinzisweni kwemeko zoluntu, ngokusuka kwabanikezeli abaziintloko ukuya kutshintshisa oovimba kunye nokwenza izigqibo kubadlali basekuhlaleni.

Ekugqibeleni, ukudityaniswa kwe-M&E kunye nokwenza isigqibo sokwenyani sexesha, ngokunjalo kubizwa ngokuba "zicwangciso zokulungisa"" -- zizakuqhubeka zifiphaza umgca phakathi kovavanyo kunye nolawulo lweprojekthi. Iinkqubo ezidibanisa imisinga yogcino-lwazi eqhubekekayo kunye ne-alytics kunye nebhodi ezinqamlezileyo ziza kunceda iinkqubo zoncedo ukuphendula kwiimeko ezitshintsha ngesantya esingazange sibonwe, zinikezelwe ukuba izikhuselo ezifanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lomntu zigcinwe.

Isiphelo

Ezi zintsha zichazwe kweli nqaku zimela utshintsho olungundoqo kwindlela imisebenzi yoncedo yamanye amazwe ejongwa ngayo kwaye ivavanywe ngayo. Imifanekiso yesatellite, izixhobo ezihambayo, ii-Al alytics, iindlela zokuzidibanisela, kunye nezithinteli-zibonelelo nganye enika iingenelo ezikhethekileyo, kodwa akukho nanye ipankasa. Ezona zisebenzayo zisebenza kakuhle i-M& isixokelelwano sixuba iindlela ezininzi zokufumana iindlela, ziqhelanisa nomo lwemeko lwasekuhlaleni, kwaye ziphucula ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokhuseleko lwabangeneli. Njengoko icandelo loncedo lwangaphandle liqhubeka livelisa, imibutho engenisa imigaqo ecacileyo, efanelekileyo, kunye ne-M&E isixokelelwano siya kuboniswa ukubonakalisa iziphumo ezininzi, ukufunda kwiimpazamo, kwaye ekugqibeleni sidlulisa ezingcono ukwenzela iiziphumo eziluncedo kubantu abasebenza kulo.

Abanikezi-mali .(ukusuka kwabo banikelayo) nasekuququzeleleni oorhulumente kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni) kufuneka basebenzisane ukuphelisa ucelomngeni oluzingisileyo logcino-lwazi, ukukhutshwa kwamanani, kunye nezithuba zamandla. Kuphela kungoko isithembiso sokuqalisela nokuhlola sinokufezekiswa ngokupheleleyo ukuphucula ubomi babantu ababuthathaka ehlabathini.