Unyulo lweMidter lusebenza njengexesha elibalulekileyo lokuzibophelela koluntu, ukumisela ulawulo lweBhunga, iindlu zowiso-mthetho, neeofisi ezininzi zasekuhlaleni. Kubavoti, bayayiqonda indlela esemthethweni ekhusela ilungelo labo lokuphosa ibhola yovote ibalulekile. Eli nqaku linikela ushwankathelo olubanzi lwezikhuselo ezingundoqo ezikhoyo ezisemthethweni ezinokuvota phakathi konyulo, iimfuno zokuchaza, ukuqokelela indawo, izikhuseli ezichasene noluvo olungenaluvo, kunye nezindlela zokufumana iinkonzo xa amalungelo ephulwa. Ukwazi ezi zinto zinika amandla okusebenzisa inkqubo yokhetho ngentembelo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi ngalinye elifanelekileyo linokuviwa.

Imithetho yogcino-lwazi: Ukulungelelanisa ukhuseleko nokufikelela

Uchazo lwe Voter (ID) luyehluka kakhulu kwiimeko ezithile, ludala umsebenzi weziqendu zeemfuno abavoti abamele bahambe ngazo. Ngoxa le mithetho yenzelwe ukuthintela ukuvota ngokuqhatha, ingenza imiqobo yamaqela athile, kuquka abavoti abakhulileyo, abantu bemibala, kunye nabo abangenalo ilayisensi yokuqhuba okanye i-ID yefoto karhulumente. Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihlala ilungile kwaye akukho mvoti ufanelekeleyo ophenduliswayo.

Iintlobo zemithetho yeVoter

Amazwe athe ahlulelwa ngokuba "nemithetho yonyulo" okanye "engameleyo" imithetho ye-ID yomvoti. Kumagunya angqongqo, umvoti ongakwazi ukuvelisa i-ID eyamkelekileyo ngoSuku lokhetho angaphosa kuphela ibholoti emiselweyo, kwaye ukuba ibholaboti ibalwa kuphela ukuba umvoti ubuyela kwiofisi yonyulo ngexesha elichaziweyo. Amazwe angavumela abavoti ukuba bafake ibholati eqhelekileyo ngokusayina ibhalidistati yochazo okanye ngokufaka umvoti isiqinisekiso sovoti ngolunye uhlobo. Njengokweyona mijikelezo yakutshanje yonyulo, ngaphezu kwama-30 achaza ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lwe-i-ID yomvoti, kodwa umgangatho wendlela engqongqo nentlobo ze-ID ezamkelweyo.

Iintlobo Zokomelezwa

Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lufuna ukuba uluhlu lwee-ID ezamkelekileyo lube nolwamkelekileyo nolufikelelekayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-ID ezamkelekileyo zefoto ziquka ilayisensi yomqhubi okanye ikhadi le-ID karhulumente, ikhadi lokundwendwela lase-U.S., i-ID yamajoni, okanye ikhadi le-ID yesizwe. Amazwe amaninzi angengomalungu ephondo amkela amaxwebhu angangeniyo afana nemali eluncedo, ingxelo yebhanki, okanye i-ackcker ebonisa igama nedilesi lomqhubi. Okubalulekileyo, uvoti, abangenawo nawaphi na lala maxwebhu ngokufuthi banelungelo lokufumana ikhadi le-ID levoti elikhululekileyo kwiofisi yokhetho yabo. [[FLT:] Ikhomishini yokhetho.[FLD:]

Ucelomngeni Olusemthethweni Nokhuseleko

Imithetho ye-Voter icelwe umngeni enkundleni ngezizathu zokuba ichaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa iqaqobana, ingeniso ephantsi, kunye nabavoti abakhulileyo. Iinkundla ziye zabetha okanye zaguqula eminye imithetho eyathi yagqalwa njengengqongqo okanye engenalo olunye uhlobo lwe-ID. Imithetho yeFederal efana [[FLL:0] i-Votting Rights Act [I-VT] [I-VT]] (I-RA) inqanda nayiphi na inkqubo yokuvota ephumela ekukhanyeni okanye ekukhutshweni kwemithetho ekwayamkeleni ilungelo lokuvota ngenxa yebala okanye i-octiveracs. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umthetho we-overtiver unikeze iziphumo ze-crives, isenokungabekwa phantsi komngenithothotho, kunokungalelwa yi-Advoluelwa yi-Actives [FFFFoct:] [AFFocts] [A)] i-octived, echaza ukuba i-octivedvicel

Ukufikelela Kwindawo Ezingcolayo: Ukuhambisa Yonke Imibhobho Ingabetha ibhola

Ilungelo lokuvota alisebenzi ukuba imiqobo ibathintela abavoti ekufikeleleni ngokoqobo kwiindawo zokuvota okanye ekufakeni ivoti ngaphandle kokulibazisa okungafanelekanga. Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lugquma uluhlu lwemibandela, ukusuka ekufumanekeni ngokwasemzimbeni kwabavoti abaneziphene ukuya kuncedo lolwimi lwabavoti abanobuchule obulinganiselweyo bamaNgesi.

Ukufikeleleka Koomatshini Abanesiphene

[[NTLT:0] AmaMelika anoMthetho wokungakhubazeki [ADA] kunye ne-HARA ifuna ukuba zonke iindawo zokuvota zifikeleleke kubavoti abaneziphene. Oku kuquka iimpawu ezifana nokungena kwesitulo esinamavili esinamavili esinamavili esinomphantsi ophantsi wenqanawa, ipatro, kunye noomatshini bokuvota abahlalisa iintambo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ezibonakalayo, kunye neziphazamisa iinkcitho zolwazi. Zonke iindawo zokuhlola mazibe nomatshini wokuvota omnye ovumela umatshini wokuvota ovumela ukhubazeko ukuba uvote ngasese kwaye ngaphandle. Ukuba indawo yokuvota ayifikeleleki, uvoti unamalungelo okucela enye indlela, njengomatshini bokuvota, okanye ukufumana uncedo olukhoyo olukhoyo. [[FLT:]

Uncedo Lolwimi Lwabantu Abathetha Imveliso Engaphelelanga

Phantsi kweCandelo 203 loMthetho wamaLungelo, amacandelo athile angabantu abathetha isiNgesi abangengobemi kufuneka banikeze izixhobo zokuvota kunye noncedo lolwimi lwezibini. Oku kuquka iibhola, imiqondiso, kunye noncedo lwamlomo ngeelwimi ezifana neSpanish, isiTshayina, isiTagalog, kunye nezinye ezininzi. Abavumisi abafuna uncedo lolwimi bangazisa umguquleli wolwimi lwabo (abangengomqeshi wabo okanye abameli babo) okanye bacele uncedo kubasebenzi bokwamkela abaqeqeshiweyo abaqeqeshwe ngolo lwimi. [[FLT:] ISivumelo samaLungelo seSebe [FLT]

Ukukhutshwa Kwemigca Emide Namaxesha Okulinda

Amaxesha okulinda agqithiseleyo ngokunempumelelo angabahluli abavoti, ingakumbi abo bangakwaziyo ukuthatha ixesha elide emsebenzini okanye kwiimbopheleleko zentsapho. Ngelixesha kungekho mthetho karhulumente obeka ixesha elipheleleyo lokulinda, iSebe leJaji lijonga imigca emide njengokwaphula umthetho okunokwenzeka kweVoting Rights Act ukuba ibangelwa kukucalucalula okanye ukungahoywa okugqithisileyo. Ama-ogxawo kufuneka anike abasebenzi bevoti abavoti abaneleyo, abavoti, kunye namathuba okuvota kwasekuqaleni okunciphisa ixesha lokulinda. Amazwe amaninzi achaza imithetho eqinisekisa ukuba anelungelo lokufaka umbhexeshi we-colo ukuba ukho ngethuba lokuhlola elikufuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imigca ikude kangakanani.

Ukudlala kwasekuqaleni kunye neebhola ezikwi-imeyili

Ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwemiqobo ngoSuku Lokhetho, uninzi lweemeko ngoku lunika uvota kwasekuqaleni okanye akukho ngxelo yokuvota (kwiposi- kwibhola). Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni luqinisekisa ukuba ezi zinto zinokukhethwa zikhona kubo bonke abavoti abafanelekileyo, kuquka nabo baneziphene okanye abahlala kwiindawo ezikude. Ii-ododa kufuneka zinike imiyalelo ecacileyo ngendlela yokucela nokubuyisela iposi kwibholoti engaphakathi, kwaye kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba iibhola zomqeshi wabanye abangekhoyo zibalwa ixesha elide xa zifumaneka ngemiqathango yexesha kwaye zihlangabezana neemfuno zosayino olusemthethweni. Abakhethi abakhetha ukuvota ngeposi banelungelo lokufumana imvume yokufumana imvume nokulungisa nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi na ingxaki engahambelani okanye kwezinye ezikhoyo ngexesha elibhaliweyo.

Ukukhuselwa Kwingcinezelo Yocalucalulo Neyorhwebo

Imithetho yesizwe neyaseburhulumenteni ikhusela ngokuqatha kwizenzo ezichasene nabavoti abafanelekeleyo okanye abafanelekeleyo.

ISivumelwano saMalungelo sowe-1965

IVRA lisiseko sokhuseleko lwamalungelo ovota lukarhulumente. Icandelo 2 lalenza ukuba nawuphi na umkhwa wokuvota ophumela ekucalulweni ngesiseko sohlanga, umbala, okanye kulwimi oluncinci. Oku kuquka izenzo ezifana nokuhlasela kwesizwe, ukuhlambulula okuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto abavoti abambalwa, nokuvalwa kweendawo zokuvota kwimimandla encinane. Imithetho phantsi kweCandelo 2 iphume ngokunempumelelo yawisa imithetho emininzi yokukhupha umlomo wesigebenga. Ngaphezu koko, icandelo 203 (njengoko kukhankanyiweyo) linika uncedo lolwimi, kwaye Icandelo 208 liqinisekisa ukuba abavoti abafuna uncedo ngenxa yesiphene okanye ukungakwazi ukufunda okanye ukubhala kungafumana uncedo kumntu okhethayo.

Imibala eshicilelweyo

Isebe lesizwe lisusa rhoqo abavoti abangagqibekanga kwiiroli zokubhalisa, ezisemthethweni. Noko ke, ukuhlambulula okunobundlobongela okanye okungekho mthethweni kungasusa abavoti abafanelekileyo, ngokufuthi bejolise abo bangazange bavote kutshanje, abasukayo, okanye abanamagama afana nalawo abantu abafileyo. iNational VoterReligiongment Act [[FLL:1] [NVRA] [1] [iiindlela elungileyo] (NVRA) ilawula indlela ezimele ngayo izicwangciso zokuziphatha, ifuna ukuba izikhuphotho zenziwe kwindlela engeyo-distation, kwaye ifumana isaziso ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe. Ukuba umvoti uphenduliwe ngokuphosakeleyo, unamalungelo okufanelekileyo okuphinda-olwayo okanye ukuphosa iprojectal e-Ecomption. [Foct:][2]

Indawo Yomonakalo

Kwezinye iindawo, iinguqu zokuhlola iindawo zokuvota okanye ukuvalwa kwendawo yokuvota zingenza imiqobo, ingakumbi ukuba indawo entsha ikude okanye ukuba isithuthi sikawonke-wonke silinganiselwe. IVRA iyalwalela utshintsho olunesiphumo sokusasaza ulawulo. IiVoter kufuneka zaziswe ngayo nayiphi na indawo yokuvota eguqukileyo ngaphambili, ngokuqhelekileyo ngeposi, izibhengezo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokuhlaziya nge-intanethi. Ukuba umvoti ufika kwindawo evulekileyo okanye indawo yokuvota etshintshiweyo, bangakhokelwa kwindawo echanekileyo okanye bavunyelwe ukuvota i-ompera.

Ukumamela Nokukhathazwa: Wazi Amalungelo Akho

Ukuqhwithela okanye ukungcuthekiswa kwindawo yokuvota akuvumelekanga phantsi komthetho wesizwe. Oku kuquka izisongelo zogonyamelo, ukunyanzelisa, okanye naziphi na izenzo ezizama ukuphazamisana nelungelo lomvoti lokuvota. Omabini amaLungelo kunye noMthetho Klux Klan Act (okwalela amaqhinga okuphazamisana namalungelo abantu) ayayithintela ihambo enjalo.

Into Ebangela Uloyiko

Ukuqhiphuka umbilini kungenza iintlobo ezininzi: ukubuza ngogonyamelo ngobumi okanye ngokhuseleko olusemthethweni, ukufota okanye ukuthatha umfanekiso-bhanyabhanya ngaphandle kwemvume ebhekiswa ekusoyikiseni, ekuvaleni ukungena kwindawo yokuvota, okanye ukusasaza ulwazi olububuxoki ngeemfuno zokuvota. Kwanabo baxhobileyo (ngaphandle kokhuseleko olusemthethweni) bangajongwa njengosoyikisayo ukuba benza imeko echaseneyo. Abavoter abavakalelwa kukuba boyikiswe kufuneka baxele ngokukhawuleza isiganeko kumvoti, kumgwebi wokhetho, okanye ukhuseleko lokhetho.

Ukuzithethelela Ngokusemthethweni

Amaxhoba oloyiko lovoti angazifaka kwityala kunye neSebe loBulungiseleli, ibhodi yabo yonyulo, okanye ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wasekuhlaleni. IDOJ ithatha isoyikiso esinzulu kwaye ingafuna isohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho okanye solwaphulo-mthetho. Ngaphezu koko, ukumangalelwa kwabucala kungabekwa ngenxa yomonakalo. Imithetho emininzi karhulumente ikwabeka izigwebo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuphazamisana nelungelo lomvotisi lokuvota.

Ukuphinda Uthethwe Ngokusemthethweni: Oko Umele Ukwenze Xa Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa

Ukuba uphulwa amalungelo akho okuvota, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufuna uncedo nokunyanzelisa amalungelo akho. Kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ngoSuku Lokhetho.

Inyathelo 1: Xelela Umbandela Ngomhla Wokhetho

Indlela ekhawulezayo yokucombulula imiba emininzi kukudibana nokhuseleko lonyulo olungangeni kwicala lonyulo olushushu. Iintlangano ezinjenge Ukhuseleko lokhetho [866-OUR-VOTE] zinikela uncedo oluphilayo kumavolontiya aqeqeshiweyo namagqwetha. Zingakunceda uqonde amalungelo akho, ukwenzela amagosa onyulo, kwezinye iimeko, unikeze umelo olusemthethweni. Ungadibana nonyulo lwengiswano lwengingqini okanye ibhodi yokhetho yelizwe ngqo.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Ifayile Ingcinga Eqhelekileyo

Emva komhla wokhetho, ungafaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni nge yeSebe leJaji, iSebe lamaLungelo loMsebenzi, iCandelo lamaLungelo loMsebenzi, i- (Icandelo loMngeni). I-DOJ iphengulula izityholo zocalulo, uloyiko, kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho we-voteyini yorhulumente. Iibhodi ezininzi zonyulo zikwanenkqubo zokukhalaza. Uxwebhu lungundoqo: ukugcina ingxelo yoko kwenzekileyo, kuquka amagama neebheji zabasebenzi abavotayo, ixesha nendawo, kunye nawaphi nawaphi na amangqina.

Inyathelo 3: Funa inyathelo lasemthethweni

Ukuba umba wenkqubo uchaphazele abavoti abaninzi, ukumangalelwa kweklasi-ntsebenziswano kungabekwa yimibutho yamalungelo abantu enjenge-NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, iKomiti yowiso-mthetho yamaLungelo akwi-CU. Abavoti ngababini bangafaka ityala lokukhulula okanye ukophula. Imiqobo emininzi yorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu ancedisa ekuvotelweni kwamalungelo abantu.

Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Amalungelo Akho Nokulungiselela Ukhetho Oluphakathi Kwexesha

Ulungiselelo olusebenzayo yindlela elungileyo yokuphepha iingxaki ngoSuku Lokhetho. Nawa amanyathelo asebenzisekayo amele athathwe ngumntu ngamnye ovotayo phambi kokuba abhekise kuvotelo:

  • Jonga ubume bobhaliso lwakho lovoti ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30 phambi konyulo. Sebenzisa iiwebhusayithi zombuso okanye isixhobo sobhaliso lovoti.
  • Ijonga iimfuno ze-ID zomvoti wezwe lakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba unolwamkelo olwamkelekileyo. Ukuba awunayo i-ID yefoto, bona ukuba urhulumente wakho unika ikhadi le-ID yevoti yamahala okanye uvumela amanye amaxwebhu.
  • Yazi indawo yakho yokuvota neeyure . Iindawo zokugrobha zingatshintsha ukusuka kolunye unyulo ukuya kolulandelayo, nokuba idilesi yakho ayitshintshanga.
  • [[FLT: 0] Phantsi kwemiphantsi yolawulo lwakho olungekhoyo nokhetho lokuqala lokuvota. Ukuba awunakuvota kumntu ngoSuku lokhetho, faka iposi ebhalweni ulande ngemiyalelo.
  • Yenza ucwangciso lokuvota gqiba ukuba uzakuya nini, uzakufika njani apho, kwaye ngubani oza kuzisa (ukuba ufuna uncedo).
  • gcina inombolo yonyulo yenombolo yokhuseleko lomgca oshushu (866-OUR-VOTE) kwimfonomfono yakho. Iyafumaneka ngesiNgesi, iSpanish, nezinye iilwimi.

Isiphelo

Unyulo lwemingxuma alukho nje ngokukhetha abameli; luyindlela esisiseko yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lukho ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umvoti ofanelekileyo angaphosa ivoti ngaphandle kocalulo, usongelo, okanye imiqobo engeyomfuneko. Kwimithetho ye-ID nokuhlola ukufumaneka koncedo lolwimi kunye nokuzikhusela okusemthethweni, ezi zinto zivelisa umnatha wokhuseleko okhusela ingqibelelo yenkqubo yabanyulwayo. Ngokuhlala waziwa ngamalungelo akho nokuceba kwangaphambili, ungavota ngentembelo, wazi ukuba umthetho usecaleni lakho. Ukuba udibana nengxaki, khumbula ukuba uncedo luyafumaneka, kwaye unamandla okugcina amalungelo akho enyanisweni.