Isiseko Sembali Sokuthetha Ngenkululeko

UHlomelo Lokuqala aluzange luvele kwi-athom. Abahlaziyi balo, ababunjwa ziinkulungwane zenkulungwane zohlalutyo kunye nentshutshiso yonqulo lwaseYurophu, baqonda ukuba iriphabliki ehamba phambili ixhomekeke ekuphengululeni iingcamango ngokukhululekileyo. Xa uJames Madison wabhalisa iBhili yamaLungelo ngo1789, wasebenzisa iinkcuba - buchopho njengoJohn Locke noJohn Milton, ababephikisa ukuba inyaniso ivela kwingxoxo evulekileyo kunokuba isekelwe kwimithetho esemthethweni. Umthetho wokuqala waqalisa isakhiwo somthetho esizakuba yindawo yenkululeko yedemokhrasi kamva.

Umbhalo ngokwawo ulula ngokukhohlisayo: "Ikosta ayiyi kwenza mthetho ngokumiselwa konqulo, okanye ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwalo ngokukhululekileyo; okanye ukudambisa inkululeko yokuthetha, okanye yokushicilela; okanye ilungelo labantu lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo, nokucela uRhulumente ukuba alungise izityholo. Kodwa esi sigwebo sinye asiyi kudala ukucaciswa okusemthethweni, ingxoxo yesithethe, kunye nezenzo zomntu ngamnye zenkalipho. Ukuqonda le mbali kunceda abemi baqonde ukuba inzima kangakanani le nkululeko, nokuba kutheni kufuneka bathabathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo.

Irepublic yamandulo yaseMerika yayikude nelizwe eligqibeleleyo elikhululekileyo. IAlien neSedition Acts zo-1798 zolwaphulo-mthetho lokugxekwa korhulumente wesizwe, ibonisa ukuba amalungelo okuchaza akhululekileyo ayencinwa ukususela ekuqaleni. Ezi zenzo zaphelelwa okanye zaphinda zalungiswa, kodwa uxanduva phakathi kokhuseleko lwesizwe nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye aluzange lunyamalale. Imfazwe yamakhaya, iRed Scarent, i-Civil Rights , kunye nemfazwe ye-Tergy nganye yavavanya imida yeSinyulo sokuqala, iveza izigqibo ezingokomthetho ezibonisa oko kuthethwa namhlanje.

Inkululeko Yekhori Ikhuselwe NguMgaqo Wokuqala

Ngelixesha "inkululeko yokuthetha" yeyona binzana idla ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu, uHlaziyo Lokuqala lukhusela inkululeko enxulumeneyo emihlanu. Nganye yenza indima eyahlukileyo ekulondolozeni ibutho elisempilweni ledemokhrasi, kwaye nganye ijijwe yimilo ethile yembali.

Inkululeko Yokuthetha

Inkululeko yokuthetha ayikhuseli nje kuphela amazwi athethwayo kodwa ikwayimisebenzi ebhaliweyo, imisebenzi yobugcisa, imisebenzi yokomfuziselo enjengesitshiso seflegi, kwanendlela ezithile zokubonisa. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ibisoloko ibambelele kwelokuba urhulumente akanakukwazi ukuthintela ukuthetha ngenxa yokuba ebona iingcamango zicaphukisa okanye zingathandeki. Njengoko iJaji Oliver Holson Holmes Jr. ibhaliwe kwi Harms v. United States [1919], "Uvavanyo olungcono lwenyaniso lungamandla okuzingcinga ngokwayo ukufumana ukhuphiswano lwemarikezo."

Olu khuselo lunwenwela kwintetho yezobupolitika, ekwithala eliphezulu lokhuselo loMphetho wokuqala. Ijaji yengingqi yezwe iqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba abemi kufuneka bakhululeke ukugxeka amagosa karhulumente kunye neenkqubo zikarhulumente ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela. Noko ke, intetho ekhuthaza ugonyamelo olusondeleyo, yenza ukungcoliswa, okanye iwele kumaqela anciphileyo afana nezisongelo okanye ubuhlazo obuyikekayo.

Inkululeko Yephephandaba

Ijelo leendaba elikhululekileyo lisebenza njengendlela yokuhlola urhulumente ngokunikela ingxelo ngemicimbi yoluntu. Abasebenzi besakhelo baqonda ukuba abemi abanakwenza izigqibo ngolwazi ngenkokeli yabo ukuba inkcazelo iyalawulwa okanye iyahlalutywa.

Ukhuseleko olungundoqo loshicilelo luquka ilungelo lokupapasha ulwazi lolwahlulo malunga nokuziphatha okubi korhulumente, njengoko lumiselwe kumzekelo wePentagon Papers ([[FTP:0]] iNew York Times Co. v. iUnited States, 1971, kunye nokukhuselwa kokuthintelwa kwangaphambili, ithetha ukuba urhulumente akakwazi ukuyeka ukupapasha impapasho ngaphambili. iThe Reporters Committees for Free of the Press[[FLT]3] ibonelela ubuncwane obuninzi kumalungelo okucinezela kunye nezikhuselo ezisemthethweni ezikhoyo kwiintatheli.

Inkululeko yeNdibano

Ilungelo lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo livumela abantu ukuba bahlanganisane ukuze bavuselele izikhalazo, baququzelele iintlanganiso, batyelele iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke. Le nkululeko ibingundoqo kuyo yonke imibutho emikhulu yentlalo kwimbali yaseMerika, ukususela kwimikhosi yokuphelisa indalo ukuya kumbutho wamadoda ukuya kumlo womsebenzi wamalungelo abantu. INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yaqonda ukuba ilungelo lokuhlanganisana belingabi nantsingiselo ukuba lingacinywa lula ngabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni.

Ngelixesha urhulumente angazimisela ixesha elifanelekileyo, indawo, kunye nendlela yokubeka imiqathango kwiindibano ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ayinakucalula ngokusekelwe kwisiseko somyalezo. Imvume ingafuneka kwintlanganiso ezinkulu, kodwa ivumela ukuba ucebise ulwaneliseko lushiye ezinye iindlela zokubonakalisa. Imo ye-Civil Rights Movement of the 1960 yabonisa amandla kunye nomngcipheko wendibano, njengokuba abahambi boxolo bejamelene nenkcaso enogonyamelo ngeli xesha ekugqibeleni bekhusela utshintsho olusemthethweni oluye lwalulo uhlanga.

Inkululeko Yokucela

Ilungelo lokucela urhulumente livumela abemi ukuba bavakalise izikhalazo baze bafune ukubuyiselwa ngqo. Oku kuquka ukutyikitywa kwezicelo, ukubhalela amagosa anyuliweyo, ukumangalela urhulumente, nokuvala ityala. Isehlo sesicelo maxa wambi siyalityalwa, kodwa sinika inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuba abemi bafune ukuphendula kubameli babo.

Ngokwembali, esi sicelo sasingundoqo kumbutho wokupheliswa kwezakhiwo, owawuzalisa iiNgqungquthela ngezicelo ezinxamnye nobukhoboka. Namhlanje, amaqonga e-intanethi afumana izibheno ezininzi, nangona ziphumelela ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Umgaqo ongundoqo ngowokuba urhulumente umele aphulaphule; akuyomfuneko ukuba athabathe amanyathelo, kodwa akunakubohlwaya abemi ngokuva amazwi abo ngemijelo esemthethweni.

Inkululeko Yonqulo

Iingxelo zonqulo zoMphetho-mda wokuqala zisebenzisa iinjongo ezimbini ezisebenzisanayo: Ukumiswa kuka-Claus kuthintela urhulumente ekugunyaziseni okanye ekumiseni unqulo olusemthethweni, ngoxa iFree Express Claus ekhusela amalungelo abantu okuqhelisela ukholo lwabo ngaphandle kokungenelela kukarhulumente. Zizonke zidala oko uThomas Jefferson akubiza ngokuba nguNxongozelo lokwahlula phakathi kweCawa noRhulumente.

La mabinzana aye abangela ukubekwa kwetyala okukhulu, ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele kumthandazo wesikolo, ukuboniswa konqulo kwimpahla kawonke-wonke, nokungakhutyelwa kwemithetho esetyenziswa jikelele. INkundla ePhakamileyo iye yavelisa iimvavanyo ezintsonkothileyo zokulungelelanisa inkululeko yonqulo nezinye izilangazelelo zikarhulumente ezinyanzelekileyo. IReligious Freedom Reformation Act (RFRA) nemithetho yomgangatho wenkululeko yonqulo iye yawubumba lo mmandla, ngokufuthi iqalisa imida ephakathi koqheliselo yonqulo nezobuhlanga.

Iingcaciso zeNkundla Ephakamileyo Ezingundoqo

Ukuqonda iSihlaziyo sokuQala kufuna ukuba uqhelane namatyala aliqela abalaseleyo eNkundla Ephakamileyo achaza ubungakanani kunye nemida yayo.

Uvavanyo Olucacileyo Nolukhoyo Lwengozi

Scheck v. United States [1919], iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaxhasa ukuthembeka komsoliti owasasaza amaphecana achasene nenqwelo-moya ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi I. UJaji Holmes wasungula "inkwenkwezi nekhoyo ingozi" yovavanyo, ephikisa ukuba intetho edala ingozi ecacileyo nesondelayo yengozi yomonakalo isenokuthintelwa. Umzekelo wodidi uxoka ngokuxoka "mlilo" kwiholo ephithiweyo. Olu vavanyo luye lwasulungezwa, ngezamva kamva lufuna unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwentetho nomonakalo.

Amazwi Okulwa Nezisongelo Zokwenene

Caplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942) yaseka "amagama alwayo" imfundiso, ivumela urhulumente ukuba ohlwaye intetho esenokubangela ukusabela kogonyamelo okukhawulezileyo. Noko ke, izigqibo ezilandelayo zidibene nale ngxaki. Ngokufanayo, imfundiso "yokwenyaniso" ivumela ukutshutshiswa kokuthetha ukuba umntu onengqondo achaze njengenkcazelo enzulu yenjongo yokwenza okubi. Isitshixo kukuba intetho mayibe yeyodwa kwaye ifanele icace, hayi nje ukuba ihlaze okanye i-hea.

Intetho Yomfuziselo Nehambo Ebonakalisa Isidima

INkundla ePhakamileyo iqaphele ukuba ihambo etyhiliweyo ingafaneleka njengentetho phantsi koMphetho-mva weSiphendu Sokuqala. . Kumgangatho weSithili seSikolo soluntu se-Monifix [1969], iNkundla ikhusela ilungelo labafundi lokunxiba iintambo ezimnyama ekuvuneni kwemfazwe yaseVietnam, ichaza ngokudumileyo ukuba abafundi "abawaqeshisi amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko kwinkululeko yokuthetha okanye yokuthetha kwintetho kwisango lendlu yesikolo. Ngokunjalo, TAX] v. Johnson[FLT:] (19989]) (19989) babephethe ukuba iflegi inguntetho efuziselweyo, isigqibo esihlala sibambenempikiswano kodwa umgaqo ongenakuphinda umgaqo karhulumente uluvanelo.

Ukuvuselela Novavanyo LweBrandenburg

Brandenburg v.O. [1] wamisela umgangatho wangoku wokuvuselela: intetho ingathintelwa kuphela ukuba ikhokelwa ekukhuthazeni ukuchas' umthetho okusondeleyo kwaye isenokuphumelela. Esi sithintelo siphezulu sikhusela ukungavumelani kweengcamango ezingabonakaliyo, kwanezobundlobongela, logama isithethi singazimisele ukuvelisa ihambo engekho mthethweni. Esi sigqibo sibonakalisa inkxaso seNkubeko yokuba imiqathango ebanzi yokuthetha ingcungcuthekisa ungquzuthezelo lwezopoliti.

Imida Yokuthetha Ngokukhululekileyo

Ukuhlaziywa koMphetho wokuqala kukhusela intetho ehlukahlukeneyo, kodwa iindidi ezithile azikhuselekanga. Ukuqonda le mida kubalulekile ukuze umntu abe nenxaxheba.

Ucaphulo

Iintetho zobuxoki ezonakeleyo ezithi zibangele ityala lomntu othile. Amanani kawonke-wonke ajongene noxanduva oluphezulu: kufuneka angqine "unya oluqhelekileyo," ithetha ukuba isithethi sayazi ukuba le ntetho yayibubuxoki okanye yasetyenziswa ngokungakhathali kwinyaniso ( iNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 1964]). Abantu bobuqu bafuna ukungqinela kuphela ukungakhathali. Umthetho wokwahlula umlinganiselo wodumo ngokuchasene nemfuneko yengxoxo kawonke wonke.

Ubunyulu Nemifanekiso Engcolileyo Yabantwana

I-obscenity ayikhuselwa yiNkqutyana yokuHlaziya Yokuqala, kodwa iNkundla ePhakamileyo izabalazele ukuyichaza. Uvavanyo lwangoku, olusuka Miller v. California [1773]), lufuna ukubonisa ukuba umsebenzi ukhuthaza intshukumisa kwizinto ezintle, ubonisa ihambo yesondo ngendlela engalunganga, kwaye ayinazobugcisa, ezopolitiko, okanye ixabiso lezenzululwazi. Abantwana ababukeli bakhuselwa ngokupheleleyo ekukhuseleni kokuqala uMillellinger, nokuba ngaba badibana na novavanyo olunyanzelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba nomdla onyanzelekileyo kwinkuselo ekhusela abantwana.

Ukuvuselela Nokukhathazwa

Njengoko kuphawuliwe, intetho ekhuthaza ugonyamelo olusondeleyo ayikhuselwa. Ngaphezu koko, izisongelo zokwenyaniso kunye nokuhlaselwa okubangela imekobume engalunganga kungalawulwa. Ukwanda kokuhlaselwa kwe-intanethi kunye nokuthethwa kweekhompyutha kubangele iimpendulo ezintsha ezisemthethweni, kunye neenkundla ezizama ukusebenzisa imigaqo yesithethe yokuLungiselela uLawulo lokuqala kumaqonga. i-Electronic Foundation[FL: 1] inikela ukhokelo ngendlela imigaqo yokuchaza ngokukhululekileyo esetyenziswa ngayo kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi.

Ukhuseleko Lwesizwe nolwazi olulungelelanisiweyo

Urhulumente angayithintela intetho esongela ukhuseleko lwesizwe, efana nokupapasha umkhosi ngexesha lemfazwe. UMthetho we-Espionage ka-1917 usasebenza, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwawo kubacuphi bempempetha kunye neentatheli bekuphikisana kakhulu. Uxinezeleko phakathi kokubonakala nokufihla imfihlo luyaqhubeka luguqula iingxoxo ezimalunga nokuhlola, ukuvuza, nokushicilela inkululeko.

Indima Neembopheleleko Zakho Njengomthabathi - nxaxheba

Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo akuthethi nje ngokuchaza iimbono zakho kodwa kukwathetha ngokuxhasa iimeko ezenza wonke umntu akwazi ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo.

Ukuhlonela Amalungelo Abanye

Eyona mbopheleleko ingundoqo kukuqonda ukuba amalungelo akho aphelela apho amalungelo abanye aqala khona. Ungangavumelani kakhulu nentetho yomnye umntu, kodwa ukungavumelani akukuthetheli ukuhlalutya okanye ugonyamelo. Isicombululo sokuthetha okuyingozi kukuthetha okungakumbi, hayi ukuthula. Ukusebenzisa iimbono eziphikisanayo, xa usenza ngokholo olulungileyo, komeleza intetho yedemokhrasi kwaye kunceda abemi bacoce izikhundla zabo.

Lo mgaqo usebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwintetho oyifumanisa iphazamisa. UMthetho wokuqala Wokwenziwa komthetho ukhusela kwanentetho yentiyo, lo gama nje unganqameli kwintshukumisa okanye ukukhathaza. INhlangano yesizwe yeNkqubela-phambili Yoluntu (NAACP) kunye neAmerican Liberties Union (ACLU) iye yawakhusela amalungelo okuthetha amaqela abawachasayo, iqonda ukuba ukuthomalalisa ukhuseleko kwelinye iqela kumisela umzekelo oyingozi kubo bonke.

Ukuphepha Iintetho Eziyingozi Okanye Zobuxoki

Ukuzichaza ngokukhululekileyo akukuniki lungelo lokunyelisa abanye, ukwenza ubuqhetseba, okanye ukusasaza ubuxoki obuyingozi. Abathathi-nxaxheba abanoxanduva baqinisekisa izibakala zabo, iimpazamo ezichanekileyo, kwaye baphepha izityholo zokungakhathalelwanga. Ukusasazeka kwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, ingakumbi kumajelo eendaba oluntu, kuye kwaba lucelomngeni olukhulu kwingxoxo kawonke-wonke onolwazi. Abami banomsebenzi wentlalo ukucingela ngokungqongqo ngolwazi abanalo nokuziphendulela ngokuchana.

Le mbopheleleko iquka ukuqonda umahluko phakathi koluvo nenyaniso. Izimvo zikhuselwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukuchaza ubuxoki njengokuba izibakala zinokuba neziphumo zokwenene zehlabathi. Intetho enenkathalo ayifuni kuphetshwa yimpikiswano, kodwa ifuna ukunyaniseka nengqibelelo.

Ukuncokola Ngentlonelo

Ukuthetha ngentlonelo akuthethi ukuthi kumele kuphetshwe ukungavisisani; kungenxa yokuba kusoloko kukho ingxubusho ebangela ukungavisisani.

Ukuncokola ngentlonelo kukwathetha ukuqaphela xa iingxubusho zingaphumeleli. Asiyongxoxo yonke enokuphumelela, yaye asinguye wonke umntu ochasayo obonakalisa ukholo olulungileyo. Ukwazi ixesha lokucaphukisa kubaluleke njengokuzi ukuba umele uthethe nini na. Injongo ayikokuphelisa ingxabano kodwa kukuyidlulisela kuhlobo oluqhubela phambili ukuqonda kunokuba lwahlulelene.

Ukukhuthaza iSiqu soLuntu esiQhelekileyo

Idemokhrasi ephilileyo ixhomekeke ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kwabo bonke abemi. Abo banoovimba, amazwi aphezulu, okanye abasemaqongeni asunguliweyo banembopheleleko yokuvulela ithuba iimbono eziphantsi. Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kuthetha ukufuna ngokukhutheleyo amazwi asoloko ekhutshwa kwaye avelisa iindawo apho anokuviwa ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela.

Oku akuthethi ukulahla iimbono zakho okanye ukunikela uxanduva olulinganayo kuzo zonke iimbono kungakhathaliseki ukuba bubuphi ubungqina. Kuthetha ukuqaphela ukuba isikwere sikawonke-wonke sityebile kwaye siyasebenza ngakumbi xa sibonisa iinguqu zebutho labantu elisebenzayo. Imo ye-Civil Rights, umbutho wamabhinqa oweyisayo, kunye ne LGBTQ + ntshukumo yamalungelo zonke zandisa ukufikelela koMbeko wokuqala woLawulo ngokunyanzelela ukuba amaqela angadityaniswanga aviwe.

Iindlela Ezisebenzisekayo Zokuthetha Ngokungenangxaki

Ukwazi amalungelo akho linyathelo lokuqala; ukuwasebenzisa ngokunempumelelo kufuna ubuchule, ukulungiselela nokuqonda izinto eziluncedo.

Ukubhala noshicilelo

Intetho ebhaliweyo ihlala isisinye sezixhobo ezinamandla zokuchaza ngokukhululekileyo. Enoba ngoop-eads, oonobumba abaya kumhleli, ii-blog, okanye i-media yentlalo, ukubhala kukuvumela ukuba uphuhlise kwaye wabelane ngeengcamango nabaphulaphuli ababanzi. Ukubhala ngokufezekileyo: chaza isiphumezi- miyalelo sakho esingundoqo, sixhase ngobungqina, sivume iimpikiswano ezichasanayo, kwaye usebenzise ulwimi olucacileyo oluvakalayo nabaphulaphuli bakho.

Ukuzilolonga kwi-intanethi kuye kwanciphisa imiqobo ekungeneni, kodwa kufuna ukujongana nokuthembeka. Inyaniso iqinisekisa umsebenzi wakho, imithombo, kwaye yiba cace ngengqiqo yakho. Intetho engaziwayo ikhuselwe phantsi koMphetho-mda wokuqala, kodwa isenokuthwala ubunzima obuncinci kubaphulaphuli abaxabisa ukuphendula.

Ukuqhayisa Nokuhlanganisana

Uqhankqalazo loxolo luyindlela engqineke iyinyaniso engokwembali yokutsalela ingqalelo ekungekho sikweni nasekufuneni iinguqulelo ezifuna ingqwalaselo. Phambi kokulungiselela okanye ukuthelela ekuvukeleni: uphando lwezimfuno zemvume yasekuhlaleni, qonda imida esemthethweni yehambo echanekileyo, kwaye wenze icebo lokuthoba xa ujoliswe. Yazi amalungelo akho ukuba umiswe ngumthetho: unelungelo lokubhala ingxelo yomsebenzi wamapolisa, ukuhlala uthule, nokungaphenduli ngaphandle komgunyaziso.

Izakhono zokuqhayisa zidityaniswa nemisebenzi ecacileyo. Imiqondiso, iingoma, kunye nohambo olucwangcisiweyo zifuna unxibelelwano kuwonke-wonke nabenzi besigqibo. Ukulungiselela izixhobo ngekhompyutha kungafikelela, kodwa ubukho obunempumelelo buhlala bunamandla akhethekileyo ekubonakaliseni ukubophelela nomanyano lokwakha.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwintetho Ye - Internet

Amaqonga amanani aguqule indlela yokuthetha ekhululekileyo, yenza unxibelelwano lwazwenibanzi ngokukhawuleza kodwa kwakhona adala imingeni ejikeleze ukukhathazwa, ukugqwethwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho elandelwayo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwi-intanethi: khetha iqonga elivumelana namaxabiso akho, khumbula indlela i-algorithm ezinokubugqwetha ngayo umyalezo wakho, kwaye ubandakanye noluntu olukhuthaza ingxubusho encinane.

Ulwimi lwangaphakathi lukhuselwe luMphetho wokuqala, kodwa amaqonga azimeleyo awanyanzelwanga ngawo ngendlela efanayo norhulumente. Iintetho zenkonzo zingathintela intetho eya kukhuselwa kwipaki kawonke-wonke. Ukuqonda imithetho yamaqonga oyisebenzisayo kuyakunceda uhambe kakuhle kwezi ndawo. izibonelelo zokuthetha ezikhululekileyo ze-ACLU [iiindlela zokuthetha ezikhululekileyo] zinika ukhokelo kumalungelo kunye neenkqubo zokuchaza i-intanethi kunye nokusebenza ngaphandle komsebenzi.

Ukusebenzisana Norhulumente

Esi sibongozo sinika umjelo othe ngqo wokudibana namagosa karhulumente. Bhala okanye ubize abameli bakho, bangene kwiiholo zedolophu, banikele amagqabaza esidlangalaleni ngemigaqo ecetywayo, baze babe nenxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zikarhulumente zasekuhlaleni. Ezi ndlela zokuchaza zisoloko ziphumelela ngakumbi kunokuba zibonakala zinjalo, ingakumbi xa ziyinxalenye yemigudu yolungelelaniso.

Ukwakha ulwalamano namalungu abasebenzi, ukuqonda inkqubo yowiso-mthetho, nokucacisa inkxalabo yakho ngokweziphumo zomgaqo-siseko kunokuba kubangele izikhalazo zobuqu kukwandisa amathuba okuviwa. Ngoxa ileta enye ingayitshintshi ivoti, ukubotshwa ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yobuchule obuthe lwenziwa kusenokuguqula iintshukumisa zezobupolitika ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukuthetha Ngokukhululekileyo Kwixesha Eliqhelekileyo

I-intanethi iye yatshintsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo izimbo ezikhululekileyo. Iiplatfomu zezentlalo melo, iinkqubo zokuphanda, kunye nolwandiso lobungcathu ngoku zikhupha intetho yesidlangalala emininzi, iphakamisa imibuzo emitsha malunga nokuba ngubani olawula isikwere sikawonke-wonke nokuba ziimbopheleleko ezithwalwa ziiplatfomu.

Ulawulo loLuntu kunye neCandelo 230

ICandelo lama- 230 loMthetho woNxibelelwano woKhupho loLwazi oluKhuselweyo lukhusela amaqonga kwi-intanethi kutyala omxholo onikezelwe ngumsebenzisi ngexa enika amandla okunelisa ngokufanelekileyo kukholo olulungileyo. Esi sicwangciso somthetho sibangele ukukhula kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwentlalo kodwa sibangele uxanduva malunga nokuhlalutywa, intelekelelo kwicandelo lobuphicotho, kunye nobuchule bokulinganisa. Iingxube-manani malunga noxanduvaniso lweqo ziyaqhubeka, ngezicelo ezisuka kumgaqo ongqongqo ukuya kukukhanya okukhulu.

Ukuqonda indlela amaqonga aphakathi abaluleke ngayo nabani na oxhomekeke kuwo ukuze abonise. Amagama enkonzo ayahluka, kwaye oko kuvumelekile kwenye iqonga kungavalwa kwenye. Ubume obulungeleleneyo be-intanethi kuthetha ukuba ezinye iqonga zikhona kwabo bangavumelani nemigaqo-siseko engundoqo, nangona iziphumo zenethwekhi zidla ngokulinganisela ukufikelela kwabo.

Uphuhliso lwemithetho-siseko kunye namacandelo entloko

Imithetho-nkqubo ebeka phambili ukuganana ingenza izinto ezishukumis', ezilahlekisayo, okanye ezidityanisiweyo zibangele ukuba abantu bafumane iintloko-ntloko ezibonisa iimbono eziqinisa iinkolelo zabo ezikhoyo. Le mpembelelo isenokuyigqwetha intetho kawonke-wonke ize ithobe phantsi ingcamango "yeeNdlela zeengcamango" esekelwe kwiSigqibo sokuqala sokuHlaziya Umgaqo-siseko.

Ukulwa nezi ziphumo kufuna umgudu wobulumko: tshintshanisa ulwazi lwakho, funa ubuchule bobu bungqina, kwaye sebenzisana neembono ezicel ’ umngeni ingcamango yakho. Ukufunda ngendlela amanani asebenza ngayo kuba bubuchule obusisiseko bentlalo-ntle, njengokuqonda indlela onyulwa ngayo okanye imithetho eqhutywa ngayo.

Imfundo Nento Efihlakeleyo

Intetho yamanani ishiya imikhondo enokujongwa ngoorhulumente kunye neenkampani. Ukuziququzela kungabangela intetho ebandayo, njengokuba umntu ngamnye esenokuzibiza xa ekholelwa ukuba ujongiwe. Ukukhusela imfihlo yakho ngokuguqulela, ukunxibelelana okukhuselekileyo, nokuqonda ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kuyinxalenye ebaluleke ngakumbi yokuchaza ngokukhululekileyo.

IsiHlaliso sesine sikhusela ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni nasekuxhuzuleni, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kugcino-lwazi lwamanani kusaveliswa ziinkundla. Ukusebenzisa isiphelo-sekupheleni kwemiyalezo efihliweyo, ukukhangela ngezixhobo ezijoliswe kwimfihlo, nokukhuthaza imithetho eqinileyo yabucala kunceda ekulondolozeni iimeko apho ukuvalwa ngokukhululekileyo kunokuthi kuqhubeke ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela.

Ukukhusela Inkululeko Yezizukulwana Zexesha Elizayo

UHlomelo Lokuqala asikokuzitshabalalisa. Lufuna ukuzikhusela ngokukhutheleyo, ukutolika ngobulumko, kunye nokulawula okuqonda amalungelo ayo kunye neembopheleleko zayo. Ukukhusela ukubonakaliswa kwamatsha - ntliziyo kwezizukulwana ezizayo kubandakanya izibophelelo eziliqela eziqhubekayo.

Ukufundisa Ukufunda

Izikolo zinendima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni abemi ukuba basebenzise amalungelo abo okuQala uMmiselo Ohlaziyiweyo ngokuphumelelayo. Imfundo yeBHAYIBHILE ayifanele iquke nje kuphela umbhalo womGaqo-siseko kodwa iquka nembali yokungavumelani ngokukhululekileyo, ukuqiqa ngezigqibo zenkundla eziphawula iziganeko eziphawulekayo, ubuchule obusebenzisekayo bokuthetha ngentlonelo nokungafundi amalungelo awo.

Ngaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela, abazali, imibutho yasekuhlaleni, kunye neenkqubo zokufunda nokubhala kwijelo-ndaba, konke kunegalelo ekwakheni isithethe sokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Injongo kukuvelisa abemi abanokukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwentetho ekhuselekileyo nehambo eyingozi, abaxabisa ingxoxo evulekileyo, nabaqonda iintengiso ezibandakanyekileyo ekulawuleni.

Ukukhusela Amalungelo Abo Bonke

Ukukhusela inkululeko kufuna ukukhusela amalungelo abo ungavumelani nabo ngamandla. Imbali ibonisa ukuba imiqathango yokuchaza isoloko ikhula phantse ngaphezu kwaloo nto ijoliswe kuyo. Ezona zithethi zisengozini zifuna ezona zikhuseleke kakhulu, kuba zingenawo amandla ezobupolitika okuzikhusela ngezinye iindlela.

Lo mgaqo uye wavavanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Emva komhla wama-9/11, ama-Arabhu namaSilamsi aseMerika aye ajoliswe ekujongweni nasekuhlukunyezweni okwavavanya imiqathango yokungathobeli. Ngexesha le-Black Live Matter, imibuzo yomonakalo wempahla kunye nehambo encomekayo yayidityaniswe ngokukrakra. Kwimeko nganye, ukukhuselwa koMgqomo wokuqala kwakuxhomekeke ekuzimiseleni kwabemi namaziko abo ukubaxhasa kwanabathethi abangathandwayo.

Ukuqhelanisa Nobugcisa Obutsha

Njengokuba ubugcisa butshintsha, kufuneka siqonde indlela yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Ubuchule bokwenza izinto, ubunzulu bomngxuma, umlinganiselo wolwakhiwo lwemithetho-manani, kunye nento ecacileyo iyakuzisa ucelomngeni olutsha lokuba izakhiwo ezikhoyo ezisemthethweni zingayi kufikelela ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuhlala sizazi ezi nkqubela-phambili kunye nokuba nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo zenkqubo kunceda kuqinisekise ukuba imigaqo yokuthetha ekhululekileyo ilungelelaniswe kunokuba ishiywe.

Imilinganiselo engundoqo yoMmiselo Wokuqala iyasebenza nakanjani na utshintsho lobugcisa. Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwamandla ombane, ukuphendula ityala nokukhusela ukungavumelani kubaluleke kakhulu kwizithuba ze-akhawuntarini njengokuba kwakunjalo kwizindlu zeentlanganiso zamakoloni. Imithetho ekhethekileyo ingatshintsha, kodwa ingummiselo osisiseko kwibutho apho iingcamango zikhuphisana ngokukhululekileyo.

Ukwakha Isithethe Sokuthetha Ngenkululeko

Oku kuthetha ukubhiyozela izithethi ezicel ’ umngeni isithethe, ukuxhasa ubujoni obuzimeleyo nokumisela iingxubangxwaba zentlonelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Isithethe sokuthetha ngenkululeko sithetha ngendlela ekhuselekileyo ngokwaneleyo abantu abanokuthetha ngayo bengaboyiki ukuphindisela, kwanakwimibandela ephikiswayo.

Ukwakha izithethe ezinjalo kufuna umgudu womntu wonke. Abaqeshi, abaqeshi, iinkokeli zoluntu, kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo bonke banendima ebalulekileyo. Enye into efunekayo kukusetyenziswa kwebutho apho intetho ikhuselwa ngokusemthethweni kodwa inyanzelwa yingcinezelo yentlalo, inkcitho yezoqoqosho, okanye ukungakhathali kwequmrhu. UMthetho wokuHlaziya uqala, hayi umlinganiselo wokugqiba.

Indima yakho phantsi koMmiselo Wokuqala asikokusebenza nje kuphela. Akuyonto ukuzonwabisa ngenkululeko kodwa kukuyisebenzisa kakuhle, ukuyikhusela ngamandla, nokuyidlulisela kusomelezwa kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Rhoqo xa uthetha, ubhala, uhlanganisa okanye ucela, uthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo oluqhubekayo lwedemokhrasi yaseMerika. Umgangatho wokuzama uxhomekeke kwindlela oyiqonda kakuhle ngayo kwaye uyifeze ngayo indima yakho. Inkululeko asisosipho esimele samkeleke kodwa isiko esimele siphile.