Ukubhalisa komvote kungaphezulu kunomthetho wolawulo oluqhelekileyo; lungena kwicandelo lolawulo-lwazi kunye nendlela abemi abathi ngayo bafake isibonda ekulawuleni. Kwidemokhrasi esebenzayo, isenzo sokubhalisa ukuguqula ummi ukuba abenze abathathi-nxaxheba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi labo lithwala ubunzima ngomhla wonyulo. Kodwa nangona linendima esisiseko, ubhaliso lovoti luhlala lungahoywa qho kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lungahoywa. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ukubaluleka kobhaliso lovoti, ukusukela kwiingcambu zalo zanamhlanje ukuya kucelomngeni kunye nokuphuhlisa kwalo olukhoyo.

Indima Yobhaliso Lomsila Kwidemokhrasi Esempilweni

Umba wayo, ukubhalisa kovoti kusebenza njengengxelo esemthethweni yokuba ngubani ofanele ukuvota. Ngaphandle kwayo, unyulo luza kuba luxokozele, lube sengozini yokuqhatha, kwaye lungakwazi ukuvelisa iziphumo ezifanelekileyo. Inkqubo yokubhalisa iphumeza imisebenzi emininzi enzima exhasa ingqibelelo yedemokhrasi.

Ukuqinisekisa iiroli zezixhobo zokudlala ezichanileyo nezikhuselekileyo

Ukugcina iivoti zirhoxisiwe ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuvota ngokuphinda-phinda, ukuzenzakalela, nezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni. Ubhaliso luvumela abalawuli bonyulo ukuba baqinisekise ukuba ngubani, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nobumi. Xa bephethwe kakuhle, iirolayidi zovota zibonakalisa kuphela abo bavunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuvota, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuqhatha ngonyuso, nokukhusela ubungcwele bebhola nganye. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchola ngokuchanileyo kuvumela abalawuli bonyulo ukuba banike oovimba abanoovimba abasonyuliweyo (hwscloot, bas, ababhit, kunye nabasebenzi ) abasekelwe kwinani labavoti ababhalisiweyo kwigosa.

Ujikelezo loMkhosi oPhezulu

Ubhaliso lusebenza njengesivumelwano sokuqala sokuvota. I-40% kuphela yabavoti abathabatha inyathelo lokubhalisa iqheleke kakhulu ukulandela nokuphosa ibhola yokubhalisa kunabo bangabhaliswanga. Ngokwe-U.S. Bureaumenter, malunga nama-93% abavoti ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni, xa kuthelekiswa ne-40% kuphela yabasebenzi abafanelekileyo kodwa abangabhaliswanga. Ngoko ke ukubhaliswa kuba yinkqubo yesimilo; intsingiselo kwaye inciphisa uxanduva noxanduva ngomhla wonyulo. Iinkqubo zokubhalisa ezifakelwe kwi-Rocester.

Ukunika Abemi Nebutho Loluntu Umandla

Xa umntu ebhalisa, ufumana amandla okuphembelela izigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla . Ukuxhotyiswa kwezikolo kukhuthaza ukuva inkxalabo kunye nembopheleleko. Imimandla enamanani aphezulu okubhalisa isoloko ibona ukubophelelana kwebutho labantu ngaphandle kokuvota, njengokusebenza ngokuzithandela kwimirhumo, ukuya kwiholo zedolophu, okanye ukubalekela eofisini. Ubhaliso linyathelo lokuqala ekuqhubekeni nokuthabatha inxaxheba ekomelezeni ingubo yentlalo.

Ukukhuthaza Imfundo Yesityalo

Inkqubo yokubhalisa kwivoti isoloko ibhenca abemi ukuba bafumane ulwazi ngamalungelo abo, inkqubo yokuvota, nokubaluleka kokuvota. Iidrafti ezininzi zokubhalisa ziquka izinto ezifundisayo malunga nabanyulwa, amanyathelo okuthatha inxaxheba, nendlela yokuphanda imiba. Kwaneendawo zokubhalisa kwi-intanethi zinika amakhonkco anxibelelene nabalawuli kunye nemiqathango emiselwe ixesha. Le mfundo iquke unyulo oluthe gqolo, olubalulekileyo kwidemokhrasi esempilweni.

Imbono Engokwembali Ngobhaliso Lweziko Leencwadi

Indaleko yokubhaliswa kovoti eUnited States ibonakalisa umzabalazo welizwe lokwandisa nokukhusela i-franc. Ukusuka ekusungulweni kwelizwe, ukuvota kwakuxhomekekile kumadoda amhlophe aphethe impahla. Kangangeenkulungwane, amaza otshintsho aye asusa imiqobo yokubhalisa, ukanti ukulwela ukubhaliswa okufikelelekayo kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje.

IMithetho yangaphambili eBalulekileyo noMthetho wokuNikezela amalungelo

Kunyaka wasemva kommiselo weminyaka yonyaka ka-1965 (VRA) yayingumzuzu othe wagqitywa: yawavala amasiko okuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-discrinita, irhafu yerhafu, nezinye izixhobo zokuphelisa imbali yokuvota abantsundu. Le mithetho yayiyilelwe ukucinezela ukuvota ngexesha lokubonakala kohlanga-lulawulo. Phakathi kowe-1964 nowe-1969, ubhaliso olumnyama eMississippi lwanyuka ukusuka ku 6.7% ukuya ku 59. UVRA usala omnye wamalungelo asebenzayo emithetho yasekuhlaleni.

UMthetho weSizwe weBoodibration we-1993 (Umthetho we-Bootor Voter)

Eqonda ukuba iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokubhalisa ezidandathekileyo, iNgqungquthela yawisa umthetho weNational Voter Rebitation Act ngo 1993. Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguMthetho we- Motor Voter, kwafuneka ukuba kunikwe amagunya okuvota kumasebe omqhubi, ii-ofisi zoncedo lukawonke-wonke, kunye namaziko enkonzo ekhubazekileyo. Umthetho wagunyazisa ukuba amagunya avumele ukubhaliswa kweposi kwaye akwalele ukususwa kwabavoti kwiiroli nje kuphela ngenxa yokungavoti. Impembelelo yayikhawulezi: ngonyaka wokuqala, izicelo zokubhalisa zahla ngeminxeba ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-30 zahlanube zihlaziswe ngemijelo entsha. U-moto Voter wanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo umgudu ofunekayo wokubhalisa nokunceda izigidi zabantu baseMerika ukuba bangene kwi-Americani.

Uncedo Merika Lokhuthuzo lonyaka wama - 2002 (Hava)

Emva konyulo lomongameli wama- 2000 oluphikiswayo, iKhomishini yadlulisa i-HAVA, eyanika inkxaso-mali kwinkqubo yonyulo lwangoku, kuquka ii-database zobhaliso. I-HARVA yafuna ukuba kubekho uludwe olusembindini, olunoluhlu lobhaliso olukwikhompyutha nokuzalisekisa imigangatho encinane yabavoti abafanelekileyo. Ngoxa bengafezekanga, i-HARVA yatyhalela kumaphondo kwiinkqubo ezinokuthenjwa nezifanelekileyo zokubhalisa.

Uphuhliso lwakutshanje: Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo nolwezingol

Kule shumi leminyaka lidluleyo, amaphondo angaphezu kwamashumi amabini kunye neSithili saseColumbia samkela i-Oympicom Voter (AVR). Phantsi kwe-AVR, abemi abafanelekileyo babhaliswa ukuba bavote ngokuzenzekelayo xa besebenzisana namasebe karhulumente (umz., DMV, iintsebenziswano yempilo) ngaphandle kokuba bakhethe. i-Oregon yaba yeyokuqala ukuzalisekisa i-AVR ngo-2016, kwaye kwiminyaka emibini ubhaliso oluvotiweyo lwandal-mali olukhutshwe ngaphezulu ngama-270,000. Ngokunjalo, kwi-intanethi (ngokunje, kuma-40/8) kwamkelekile abemi bakhona ukuba babhalise ekhaya, besusa imfuneko yephepha kunye nakwiindwendwe. Ezi zindululo ziye zabhalisa ngokukhawuleza, ngokuchanekileyo, nangakumbi.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Lokubhalisa Imali

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela, imiqobo ebalulekileyo isaseleyo. Olu celomngeni luchaphazela abantu abafumana imali ephantsi, abantu abamibalabala, abantu abadala nabaneziphene.

Izithintelo Zokufumaneka

Akusoloko kulula. Ii-ofisi ezininzi zokubhalisa zineeyure ezilinganiselweyo, zibekwe kude nothutho lukawonke-wonke, okanye zifuna amaxwebhu angekhoyo kwabanye abemi. Imiqobo yolwimi ingenza lula le nkqubo; ngoxa uMthetho wamalungelo olwimi ufuna uncedo lwamaxwebhu amabini kwimimandla ethile, igqugula kude kakhulu. Abantu abangahlali ekhaya bajamelana neengxaki ezinzulu kuba bengenayo idilesi emiselweyo. Kwanakumazwe akwimeko zokubhaliswa kwekhompyutha, ukufikelela kwemichiza akuyo yonke indawo: ngokweZiko lophando lwamaxwebhu lwamaxwebhu, malunga ne-Pow Research Center, malunga ne 10% ye-U.S.

Imithetho yeVoter kunye nobhaliso

Imithetho ye-ID engqongqo evotayo ingadala imiqobo kwinqanaba lobhaliso. Ngelixesha lemithetho isoloko igwetyelwa njengemilinganiselo echasene nonyuso, uphando lufumanise ukuba ukuvota kunqabile kakhulu. Endaweni yoko, imfuno ze-ID zithambekela ekucini ukhuphiso phakathi kwamaqela angenakufane abe nee-ID zikarhulumente ezifakelwe ii-ID zemifanekiso e-octus ````'''''''''. Njengezigqibini abatshazi, abafundi, namaqela amancinane esizwe. Ngokwango-2024, 36 amazwe anemithetho efuna ukuvota ukunikela uchazo kunyulo, kwaye amaziko amaninzi abeka imithetho ye-ID engqongqo enokususa amashumi amawaka abemi abalungileyo.

Ithambeka le Voter

Amanye amaphondo aqhuba isigqibo sobundlobongela bomvoti oqengqelekayo, asusa amagama asekelwe kugcino-lwazi oluphelelwe lixesha okanye ekuvoteni okungaqhelekanga. Ngelixesha ugcino luyimfuneko ukugcina umqulu ucocekile, ukuhlambulula kungenziwa ngobukhali, kususwa ii-ascreens ezifanelekileyo zokubhalisa. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ka-2018 ingu-2018 kwi- . A. UPhilip Philip Randolph Institute [ waxhasa umkhwa wokususa uvota ongakwazi ukuvota ngexesha leminyaka emibini kwaye akaphenduli kwisaziso esiye samakhulu amawaka eenkulungwane obhalisiweyo. Ezi zizinto ezinjalo zichaphazela ngokutshayo abasebenzi, kuquka abafundi kunye nabaqeshicileyo abaqeshi--phantsi.

Ukungawazi Ubuxoki Nokungakhathali Kukawonke - wonke

Abemi abaninzi abafanelekileyo ababhaliswa kuba bengayazi imihla emisiweyo, bephosakele ngeemfuno, okanye bekholelwa ukuba ivoti yabo ayiyonto ibalulekileyo. Ukusasazwa kwe-mistinfontswn. Ngokufana nokungabhatalwa kwemali efunekayo ukuze kubhaliswe okanye ukuba ukubhalisa ngumgibe karhulumente / / ukungakhathaleli kwabantu abangenelwayo. Kunyulo lwama-202020, i-Melika elungele ukubhaliswa i-asemgangathweni ayizange ibhaliswe. Ukulwa koku kufuna imfundo kawonke-wonke kunye nokungangeneli.

Impembelelo Yobhaliso Lwezivoter Kwimpilo Yedemokhrasi

Ubhaliso olusemthethweni lomvoti alunyusi nje kuphela unyuso; lomeleza yonke inkqubo yedemokhrasi. Xa ubhaliso luthe lwaphela kwaye luchanile, iingenelo zifikelela kwibutho labantu.

Ulawulo Olungakumbi Lommeli

Xa amanani okubhalisa ephezulu kuwo onke amaqela abemi, amagosa anyuliweyo abonakala ngokungakumbi ebonakalisa ukwahlukahluka kwabemi. Imithetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo iyasabela ngakumbi kwiimfuno zabo bonke abemi, hayi kuphela abo bathembisene ngezopolitiko. Idemokhrasi emela ulawulo-mgam-mgamshelwano ifuna ukuba abanyuli ngokwabo bamele ubhaliso olumeleyo .

Ukuphendula Okungakumbi Kwamagosa Agunya Acetyisiweyo

Amagosa aqatshelweyo anikela ingqalelo kwimithetho evotayo. Xa ukubhalisa kusezantsi, abalawuli bemigaqo-nkqubo basenokungayinaki yonke imimandla, besazi ukuba incinane ingozi yokukhetha. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa intlawulo ebanzi yabemi ibhalisiwe, amagosa kufuneka aphendule ngakumbi kwaye aphendule. Ngoko ubhaliso lubangela irhintyelo-mvume: abaququzeleli bafuna inyathelo, namagosa angakwaziyo ukudlulisela iziphumo zobuso kwibhokisi yebhola.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Olomelezwayo

Ii-asethi zokubhalisa zidla ngokuba ziziganeko ezikhuthaza unxulumano lwentlalo kunye noluntu. Amaqela asekuhlaleni, izikolo, kunye nemibutho yonqulo ekhuthaza iziganeko zokubhalisa zikhuthaza nezinye iindlela zokuthabatha inxaxheba `njengokusebenza ngokuzithandela, ukuya kwiintlanganiso, okanye kwanakubaleka ukuya eofisini. Isenzo sokubhalisa sinokuba sisixhobo sokubhalisa kunyaka wonke, hayi nje umsebenzi weminyaka emine yonke.

Ubuchule bokuphucula ubhaliso lwezibonelelo nokuqhatha

Ukuphucula ubhaliso lomvoti kufuna indlela edityanisiweyo ethetha ngomqobo wendlela kunye nentshukumisa yomntu ngamnye. Ngezantsi ziingcebiso ezisekelwe kubungqina eziye zangqinela ukuphumelela kumazwe ahlukeneyo nakoomasipala.

Amaphulo emfundo nolwazi

Amaphulo ajoliswe ekuziseni abemi ngendlela, ukuba baza kubhalisa nini, nini naphi na, abanokuvelisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, amahlelo akwizikolo zamaphondo asezikolweni zamabanga aphakamileyo aquka amalungu okubhalisa aboniselwe ukunyusa ukubhalisa kolutsha ngeengcambu zee-8-15 zeengcambu zeengcali. Amaphulo olwazi-ndaba, izibhengezo zenkonzo kawonke-wonke, kunye namaqabane kunye nabaphembeleli anokufikelela kwabaphulaphuli abaselula. Undoqo kukunikeza ulwazi olucacileyo, olusebenzayo .

Ufikelelo loluntu kunye neenqanawa zobudlelane

Imibutho ye- Grassroots isoloko ikwindawo engcono yokufikelela kubemi abagciniweyo. Imigudu efana noManyano lwaManyano lwaMabhinqa, i-Rock iVote, kunye ne-National Association for the Advanced of Colored People (NAACP) iqhuba ihlombe loontanga ukuya kwi-petroli ye-Rocesss, iicawa, amaziko asekuhlaleni, kunye nezikoleji zekholeji. Imigudu enjalo ibangela ukuthemba nokudibana nabantu apho bekukhona, qha, ngokomfuziselo. Ukuxhasa le mibutho kubalulekile, njengokuba kudala imekobume esemthethweni evumela ukubhaliswa kwesithathu ngaphandle kwemiqathangoso egqithisileyo.

Utshintsho loMgaqo-nkqubo: Ubhaliso-zincwadi loSuku olufanayo nokubhaliswa kwangaphambi

Ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye (oluvumela abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba babhalise baze bavote ngosuku olunye (ngokoqobo kumanxuwa ovota angaphambili okanye ngomhla woNnyulo)) `abamkelwe kumaphondo angama-22 kunye neSithili saseColumbia. Uphando lweZiko le-Brennan loLungisa lubonisa ukuba ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye kusenokunyuka ngamanqaku angamashumi amahlanu anesixhenxe. Ngokunjalo, ukuvumela abali-16 kunye neli-17 leminyaka ukuba babhalise ngokuzenzekelayo xa benikezela ngentsebenziswano yolutsha.

Ubhaliso lwe Voter oluzenzekelayo (AVR)

I-AVR mhlawumbi yeyona inegalelo elikhulu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ngokususa okungagqibekanga ukusuka kukhetho ukuya kukhetho, i-AVR inyusa ngokuphawulekayo umqulu wovoti ngexesha ucutha iimpazamo kunye nexabiso. Emva kokuba uRhulumente weWashington wasebenzisa i AVR ngo 2019, imigangatho yokubhalisa phakathi kwabemi abafanelekileyo yanyuka nge 10% ngeminyaka emibini. I-AVR ikwayitshintsha inkqubo ngokusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lwamanani olukhuselekileyo phakathi kwabameli, inciphisa imithwalo yephepha kubaphathi bokhetho.

Ubhaliso lwe-email olulula olukwikhompyutha kunye noTshayo

Iinkqubo ze-intanethi zobhaliso kufuneka zenziwe ngamava omsebenzisi engqondweni: imidibaniso yemidibaniso yeselula yobuhlobo, imiyalelo ecacileyo, amaxesha okulayisha ngokukhawuleza, kunye nenkxaso yeelwimi ezininzi. Amanye amazwe ngoku amkela utyikityo lwe-elektroniki, aphelisa imfuneko yokushicilela kunye neefomu zeposi, kwaye adibane neenkqubo ze-layisensi zokuqhuba ezihambayo. Isixokelelwano se-intanethi yeKhalifoni, umzekelo, inkcithazo yobhaliso ngemizuzu kwaye iquka "chezukisa ukubhalisa kwakho" uphawu okwandisa ukuthembeka.

Ikamva Lobhaliso Lwezoo

Ubugcisa, inkqubo, kunye nentsingiselo yentlalo ziza kuqhubeka zichaza indlela amaMelika abhalisa ngayo ukuvota. Uphuhliso oluninzi oluthe tye luthembisa ukwenza ubhaliso lungabi namthungo nakukhuseleko.

Udityaniso logcino-lwazi kunye nokuqhutywa

Unxulumano olungcono phakathi kwee-database zikarhulumente . olufana nolo lwelayisensi yokuqhuba, iinzuzo zikawonke-wonke, kunye neerekhodi ezibalulekileyo . lunganceda "akukho-profile" ukubhalisa abemi banikwe ithuba lokubhalisa okanye ukuhlaziya ukubhalisa kwabo xa besebenzisana nombutho karhulumente. I-data yangoku ekhusela izivumelwano, ikhuselwe ngombhalo ofihlakeleyo kunye nemizila yokuhlola, inokuthintela iimpazamo kunye nokukhuphela. Umatshini we-AVR, umzekelo, usebenzisa ugcino-data lwe-DMV ukubhalisa ngokuzenzekelayo abemi abafanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukungeniswa kwe-data yezandla kunye nokuphucula ucoselelo.

Inkqubo ye-API-Drive ye-injini yokuqala ne-API

Njengoko usetyenziso lweselula lukhula, ukubhalisa kufuneka kube lula njengokuyalela ukutya okanye ukukhahlela. Ama- States ahlola imidibaniso yesicelo sodweliso (API) evumela ii-apps zesithathu zecandelo (umz., imigangatho yezentlalo-ntle, iiplatfomu zezixhobo zonxibelelwano zentlalo-ntle) ukuqinisekisa i-EXPMS nokufaka izicelo zokubhalisa. Ukudityaniswa okunjalo kunokuthi kudibane nabatsha abanokusebenzisa ubomi babo bamanani.

Ukhuseleko Olunyusiweyo Nemilinganiselo Yokuzikhusela

Ukuthemba kwisixokelelwano sokhetho kuxhomekeke kukhuseleko lwezigcino-lwazi zobhaliso lovoti. Iinkqubo zexesha elizayo zizakuquka uqinisekiso lwemisebenzi emininzi, imikhondo yophicotho-zincwadi esekelwe kwibloko, kunye nokufunyanwa kolwaphuko olunamandla. Kwangaxeshanye, ukhuseleko lobuqu kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba ulwazi lomvoti alusetyenziswa kakubi okanye luthengiswe. I-EUption Confict Consolation Commission namagosa karhulumente sele esebenza kwimigangatho yococeko lwe-ICersecurety, kuquka uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lomngcipheko kunye nofihlo-data.

Ukuthetha Ngokungavisisani Kwabantu Abangaphazanyiswanga

AmaMerika aqikelelwa kwizigidi ezisisi-4,6 aneenkolelo ezingekho mthethweni akanakuvota ngenxa yemithetho ewadibanisayo nasemva kokuba egqibile izigwebo zawo. Iinkqubo zotshintsho ziyazuza: ngowama-2020, iColorado neKhalifoniya zibuyiselwe amalungelo okuvota; abavoti-zizi izindululo 4 ngo-2018 ku-Deskoptions ukuphinda bancitshiswe izifebe ezininzi, nangona ukuzalisekisa imigaqo kukhuphiswano kuqhushubile. Njengoko ezi ngxoxo ziqhubeka, iinkqubo zokubhalisa ezizayo zisenokufuna ukudibanisa iinkqubo zokwambhalisa kwakhona ukwenzela abemi ababuyileyo, kuqinisekisa ukuba baphinde bongelwe ngokutyibilikayo xa kukhululwa.

Isiphelo

Ubhaliso lweVoter asingomqobo nje wobureaucrates; ngumqobo oqhubekayo wokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Ukusuka ekuqinisekiseni unyulo oluchanekileyo lokunika abantu abakwindawo ephantsi kolawulo, isenzo sokubhalisa imiqondiso yommi yokuzinikela kwiqumrhu lombuso. Kodwa njengokuba eli nqaku libonisile, inkqubo ihlala ingalingani, kunye nemiqobo eqhubekayo yokufikelela kunye nokhuphiswano lwezopolitiko. Ibhanti yembali, nokokuba, igobe ekufakeni ``iiRhodias Act' ekubhaliseni ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokufaka imfundo, imigaqo eguqula imigaqo, kunye nobugcisa, singakha inkqubo yobhaliso ekhuselekileyo kwaye kufuphi jikelele. Xa bonke abami abasebenzi bebonke bebotshele kwirole, idemokhrasi abameleli, abameleli; ingongezelelwe kakhulu.

Uphando oluninzi ngendlela yokubhalisa kwivoti kwilizwe lakho, tyelela igosa USUSA.gov ubhaliso kwiphepha levoti. Ukuhlola uphando lwamva olukuyo kubhaptizo lobhaliso, jonga i Brennan Center for Justice kunye ne Conference of Legastislatures .