Isiseko sokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi: Ubhaliso lweVoter kunye

Ukubhalisa komvotelwa akungomsebenzi nje wolawulo; kukungena ngedemokhrasi. Isenzo sokubhalisa ukwenza injongo yommi ukuba angenelele kwinkqubo yokuvota, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi ngalinye linethuba lokubalwa. Ukufikelela kwibhola yovoti---. Ubuchule bokufaka ivoti ngaphandle kwemiqobo engayimfuneko. Ngapha koko, ezi zinto zimbini zigqiba ukuba unyulo lubonisa ngokwenene ukuba uluvotelo luya kusini na. Kodwa, nangona zisemgangathweni kwidemo-yo, ukubhalisa nokufikelela komvoti-mvume nokufumana imvume kuhlala kusasazwe ngokungeyiyo ngaphaya kwe-United States, ngemiqobo, ngemiqobo, ngokusemthethweni, ukutshintsha okungalinganiyo nokungangenelingeneli. Eli nqaku lihlola ukubaluleka komvoti wobhali-vo, ukuqhubeka kwemiqatha, nokuqinisekisa ukuba ngabami bafaneleke.

Ukuqonda Ubhaliso Lwesigama Somsila

Ubhaliso lweVoter yinkqubo apho abemi abafanelekeleyo babhalisa khona ukuba babe nenxaxheba kunyulo. EUnited States, le nkqubo ibekelwe indawo efanelekileyo: urhulumente ngamnye umisela imithetho yakhe, iinjongo, kunye neendlela zokubhalisa. Ngelixesha iNational Voter Religionation Act (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Methor Voter Act) imisela imilinganiselo encinane efana nokubhalisa kumaqumrhu emoto kwaye ngokuthumela iposi / orgs igcina ingqiqo ebalulekileyo. Isiphumo sisenzo esidityanisiweyo senkqubo esinokubangela ukudideleka nokudiba nokudityaniswa, ingakumbi kubemi abahamba rhoqo, abangakwazi ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, okanye imiqobo yolwimi.

Iimfuno zokufumaneka kombutho ziquka i-intanethi, ngeposi, okanye ngomntu, kodwa ukufumaneka kwendlela nganye efuna ukuvota, nokuba neminyaka eli-18 ubudala ngoSuku Lokhetho. Amanye amazwe akwamisela iimeko ezongezelelekileyo, ezinjengokuthintela abantu abaneenkolelo ezithile ezinxulumeneyo ekubhaliseni. Ubhaliso lungagqitywa nge-intanethi, ngeposi, okanye ngomntu ngamnye, kodwa ukufumaneka kwendlela nganye kuyahluka ngokubanzi. Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo (AVR), olubhalisa abemi abafanelekileyo xa besebenzisana namaziko karhulumente (umz. g., iSebe le-Dot Vehicles) lifumene igatya kwiminyaka yakutshanje njengotshintsho olunciphisa ingxwanciphico nolwano.

Ukubaluleka kwenkqubo yobhaliso olomeleleyo akunakuchazwa ngokugqithileyo. Ngaphandle kokubhaliswa ngokuchanileyo nokufikelelekayo, unyulo lungathotywa ziimpazamo, ukulibazisa, kunye nokususwa. I-U.S. Bureaument Bureau ye-Curvation's Modern Population Survey ibonakalisa rhoqo ukuba iqondo lokubhalisa lisezantsi phakathi kwabantu abaselula, abantu abanemibala, kunye nabantu abafumana iingeniso eziphantsi, amaqela asele ejongene nomgangatho ophantsi kwimimandla emininzi yobomi boluntu. Ukuthetha ngezi mpawulwahluko luqala ngokuqonda indlela yokubhalisa nokungaphumeleli kwayo.

Impembelelo Yobhaliso Logcino-zincwadi Kukhetho

Imiphumo Evela Kummeli

Amaqondo obhaliso oluphezulu anxulumene kakhulu nomvoti ophezulu, othi ngokujika uvelise unyulo olubonisa ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezikhethwayo zevoti. Xa ubhaliso lusezantsi, iqumrhu labanokuvota lithintelwe ngokwasemthethweni, kwaye amagosa anyuliweyo asenokungachatshazelwa kuluntu olupheleleyo. Ubalo lweziko loMphathi woMphathi-mthetho [[FLTLT: 1]] lufumanise ukuba ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo lukhokelela kunyuko olubalulekileyo kubhaliso-/kathi-10/20] ngokweencam epheleleyo ekhoyo. Ubhaliso oluphezulu lunciphisa iindleko zephulo lwemirhumo, njengoko amaqela nabavoti kunye nabavoti benokugxininisa ukuvotelelwa nokujika ngaphandle kobhaliso.

Ukusetyenziswa kweNkcubeko nokuQhubelana

Iinjongo zokubhalisa azikho nje ngokudibanisa amagama; zizinto ezinamandla zokudibanisa abantu. Ngokuchasene noManyano lwaManyano lwaMantom kunye noLock iVote zisebenzise ihlombe lokubhalisa kade ukufundisa abemi ngemibandela, amatsha - ntliziyo, kunye nokwakha ii-intanethi zoluntu. Xa ukubhalisa kulula kwaye kufikeleleka, kubonisa ukuba inkqubo yezobupolitika iyamkeleka ukuba nenxaxheba. Ngokuchasene noko, imfuno entsonkothileyo ingathumela umyalezo othi ukuvota lilungelo kwabo basebenzisa ixesha, ulwazi, kunye nemithombo .

Izithintelo Ekubhaliseni Imali

Nangona ziluncedo zokubhaliswa, amaMerika amaninzi afanelekileyo akabhaliswa. Imiqobo idityaniswe ngeendidi ezininzi kwaye isoloko idityanisiwe.

Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo Nemigca Efileyo Engqongqo

Kumazwe ngaphandle kobhaliso olufanayo, abemi kufuneka babhalise ngexesha elifanelekileyo elinokubakho kwangoko ngeentsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Ukuphoswa kwexesha, kwaye uphumelele ekupheliseni kwexesha elifanelekileyo, ngokunjalo uyakwazi ukudideka, okanye ukuba ufanelekile. Amaphepha afunekayo aquka ukunikezela ngenani le-layisense yokuqhuba okanye irejista yokhuseleko lweNtlalo, ezinye ii-am-smente ezinokuba azikhange zifumaneke lula. Ngaphezu koko, iindlela ngokwazo zingadidelwa; ufundisiso olungama-202020 nge-.S. IKhomishini yoKhuselo ye-lungiso [[ ifunyaniswe ukuba umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wezicelo zokubhalisa ukhutshelo, okanye ulwazi olungagqibekanga kakuhle. Le miqobo ichaphazela ngokunjalo ichaphazela ngabantu abangeyo, nabasebenzi bamaNgesi, nabasebenzi.

Ukungabi nalwazi

Abemi abaninzi abaqondi ukuba ukuvota kuyimfuneko ekuvoteleni, okanye basenokungakwazi ukugqiba le nkqubo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa kubavoti bokuqala, abantu abadala, kunye nabemi abatsha abadaliweyo. NgokweZiko lophando lwePew, isabelo esininzi sabavoti abangabhaliswanga sichaza ukungaqiniseki ngendlela yokubhalisa njengesizathu sokuqala. Ukuphumelela, lo gama kuluncedo, kusoloko kuphantsi kwemiqathango nesabiweyo. Uluntu lwasemaphandleni, umzekelo, lunokuba nentsebenziswano encinane yobhaliso okanye ukuthembeka okuncinci konikezelo lwe-intanethi.

Iinkalo zentlalo nezoqoqosho nezakhiwo

Ukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho, ukunganqabiseki kwezindlu, kunye nokufuduka rhoqo kunokwenza kube nzima ngabantu ukuba bagcine idilesi engaguquguqukiyo yokubhalisa.

Ngena kwi Balot

Ubhaliso linyathelo lokuqala; xa bebhalisile, abavoti kufuneka bakwazi ukulahla iibhola zabo ngaphandle kobunzima obungeyomfuneko. Ufikelelo lwebhola luquka yonke into ukusuka kwindawo neeyure zokuvota ukuya kubungqina bezinye iindlela zokuvota kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho ye-ID yomvoti.

Indawo yokuyila efumanekileyo

Ukufumaneka komzimba we-ofisi ye-Accounting Office ngumba obalulekileyo, ingakumbi kubavoti abaneziphene. Ngaphantsi koMthetho woncedo iMelika Vote ka-2002, iindawo zokuvota mazifikeleleke kubantu abaneziphene, kodwa ukuthobela akulingani. Ingxelo yowama-2017 evela kwi-Ofisi ye-Accounting Recounting Government ifumanise ukuba ngaphezu kwama-60% eendawo zokuvota zinomqobo omnye, onjengomqadi, iminyango emixinwa, okanye ukunqongophalala okulula. Kubantu abangakwazi ukungena kwisakhiwo, ukuvala i-flaving, isoloko ikhona kodwa ingasasaziswa kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, abantu basemakhaya banokujonga imigama emide yokuhamba ukuze bafike kwindawo yabo yokucoca emiselweyo, umthwalo onokuthi ucinezele.

Ukuphuma Kwangaphambili Nokuhambisa Iposi

Iinketho ezifana nokuvota kwangethuba kunye nokuvota ngeposi zinyuse ukufikelela kwabantu abaninzi baseMerika. Ukuvota kwangethuba kuvumela abantu abasebenzayo, abanonopheli, nabanye abanocwangciso olungqubanayo ukuba bavote ngexesha elibathandayo. Iiposi-ibholoti zinika isisombululo kwabo bangakwaziyo ukuya kwindawo yokuvota ngenxa yokugula, ukukhubazeka, okanye umgama. Kodwa, ezi zinketho azifumaneki jikelele. Amanye amajelo abeka uvoteko kwangoko kwiiyure ezithile okanye kwiindawo ezithile, ngexesha abanye bafuna ingcwabo yokurhoxa ukuvota. Ngaphezu koko, ukuthunyelwa kweposi-inbolot kungenza ulibaziseko, kwaye utshintsho lwakutshanje kumazwe amaninzi lucuthe ixesha elikhoyo lokubuyela kwibhola, ukuphakamisa iivoti zevoti. [FLD: 0]

Imithetho yeVoter kunye nempembelelo yayo

Mhlawumbi akukho mbambano ikhoyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ethanda ukuphikisana kunaleyo ifunekayo kumavoti. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi imithetho ye-ID engqongqo ithintela ukuqhatha (nangona ukuqhatha okunjalo kunqabile kakhulu), lo gama abachasi bephikisa bephikisa ngelithi le mithetho inciphisa ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto abavoti abambalwa, abakhulileyo, nabangenayo abantu abasele bephantsi abanokufumana i-ID karhulumente encinci. Ufundo lwama-2019 lwe-AP ye-Rhulumente luthintele ukuqhatha okuthi imithetho ye-ID ekhutshelwe ngokungqongqo incitshiswe yimiqatha yemibathatho ephakathi kwe-2-12.3 yeencam ezinkulu, kunye nee-Spanishiv. Ingxoxo ephakathi kwe-ID yovoti ingulo yimicinelotho ye-ontath phakathi kokhuseleko nofikelelo lwe-blotteo .

Ukuphucula ubhaliso lwezibonelelo kunye nokufumaneka kwebhola

Ubhaliso lwe Voter oluzenzekelayo (AVR)

Enye yezi inguqulelo ezisebenzayo kukubhaliswa kwevoti. I-AVR isebenzisa ulwazi eselugcinwe ngabameli bakarhulumente . "njenge-DMV, amasebe empilo, okanye iinkonzo zentlalo" ukubhalisa abemi abafanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba bakhethe. Oku kuphelisa imfuneko yokubhaliswa ngokuzithandela kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba inkoliso yabemi yongezwa kwiirolidi xa isebenzisana namaqumrhu karhulumente. Njengoko imodeli angaphezulu kwama-2024, amaphondo angaphezulu kwama-20 eColumbia amkele i-AVR. Uphando oluvela kwi Brennan Center lubonisa ukuba i-AVR ayinyusi nje kuphela isantya sokubhalisa kodwa inciphisa inani lezicelo ezigatyiweyo nezicocekileyo. Imodeli ibonwa ngokuqhubekayo njengoqheliso lwezolawulo lwale mihla.

Ubhaliso-zincwadi olukwikhompyutha

Ukubhaliswa ngosuku olunye kuvumela abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba babhalise baze bavote ngosuku olunye, mhlawumbi ngexesha lovota kwangethuba okanye ngoSuku Lokhetho. Olu tshintsho luyingenelo ngokukhethekileyo kubantu abaphoswe lixesha eliqhelekileyo okanye abafaneleka kancinane ngaphambi konyulo. Amazwe anokubhalisa usuku olunye anika ingxelo ephezulu ngokujikeleza ngomlinganiselo. Ngokufanayo, ubhaliso lwe-intanethi/ngoku olufumaneka kumazwe aphantse abe ngama-40, luyenza inkqubo ibe luncedo ngakumbi kwaye lunciphisa iimpazamo ngokuqinisekisa ulwazi ngexesha lokwenene elichasene nee-data ezisemthethweni. Ubhaliso lwamazibuko asoloko ekho ngempumelelo lungafikelela kumntu omncinci oxhomekeke kwiminxeba yawo emininzi kwi-intanethi.

Inkqubo yokungena neyokufundisa

Utshintsho lomthetho kuphela alwanele; ubhaqo olomeleleyo luyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi bayalwazi ukhetho lwabo. Ukongeza, imibutho, izikolo, kunye namaqela oluntu adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni iidrafti zokubhalisa, ukusasaza ulwazi, kunye nokunceda abantu baqhube inkqubo. Izixhobo zamanani, ezifana nokuvota iiwebhsayithi zokukhangela kunye nee-apps ezikhumbuzayo, zingalumkisa abasebenzisi kwiinjongo kunye neenguqu ekunyulweni kwendawo. Ukongeza, amagosa onyulu angasebenzisana neeplatfomu zezentlalo ukusasaza ulwazi oluchanileyo malunga nendlela yokubhalisa nokuvota. Isitshixo kukudibana nabantu apho benokuvota khona.

Inyusa Okukhethwa kuko

Ukuphucula ukufikelela kovota, amajelo angandisa iifestile zovota zakudala, avule iindawo zokuvota ezingakumbi, aphumeze ukurhoxiswa kweposi ephepheni. Ukwenza umhla wokhetho iholide okanye ukunikezela ngexesha elihlawulwayo lokuvota kungasusa imiqathango ekungeneleni. Abavoti abaneziphene, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo zokuvota zifumaneka ngokupheleleyo kwaye oomatshini bovota banokusetyenziswa ngabantu abanobuchule obuphathekayo nobengqondo obuninzi. Ukwamkelwa komda womngcipheko wovavanyo lweholide kunye nogcino-zixhobo zephepha lokuvota kunganyusa ukuthembeka ekukhuselekeni kweposi kunye nokuvota kwe-elektrovo kwamandla, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kweendlela eziluncedo.

Indima Yemfundo Kubhaliso Lwezibhaptizo

Imfundo malunga nenkqubo yokhetho ingundoqo wedemokhrasi esempilweni. Xa abemi beqonda indlela yokubhalisa, indawo yokuvota, namalungelo abo, basenokuba nenxaxheba kakhulu. Izikolo zingadibanisa ubhaliso lovoti kwizifundo zemveli, zifundisa abafundi ngembali yokubhalisa kunye neenkqubo zonyulo. Ngoku amaziko amaninzi afuna izikolo eziphakamileyo ukuba zinike amathuba okubhalisa kubafundi abakwiminyaka yokuvota. Iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi zoluntu ngokufanayo zinokunikela ulwazi lokubhalisa ngexesha loqeqesho okanye kwiimbutho zikarhulumente.

Ngaphandle kwemfundo esemthethweni, amaphulo okulumkisa uwonke-wonke angalungisa iimbono eziphosakeleyo malunga nemithetho yevoti ye-ID, ukudityaniswa kwemithetho ye-featy, kunye nenkqubo yokubhalisa. Umzekelo, abemi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba babhaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo xa befumana ilayisensi yokuqhuba, engeyiyo enyani kumaphondo ngaphandle kwe-AVR. Licacile, ulwazi olufikelelekayo − olufumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi kunye neefomati-etask . Intlangano efana noluManyano lwaManyano lwabesifazane inika izixhobo ze-intanethi ezinceda abavoti bahlole indawo yabo yokubhalisa, bafumane indawo yabo yokuvota, kwaye baqonde ii-colottes.

Isiphelo

Ubhaliso lweVoter kunye nokufikelela kwi-operate zintsika ezimbini zokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Inkqubo eyenza ubhaliso lube nzima okanye emisa imiqobo yokufaka ivoti ithoba inciphisa umgaqo osisiseko womntu omnye, ivoti enye. IUnited States iye yenza inkqubela ebalulekileyo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abami abafanelekileyo babhalise i-moto Voter babhalise ngaphandle kwemiqobo, kwaye bafumane ukhetho olungenamsebenzi, kwaye bathathe ulwamkhethelo oluzenzekelayo. Injongo ayikokuguqula amanani amanani ahlukeneyo, kodwa iyayilwa ukuze yakhiwe ngendlela yezopolitiki enyanisweni, inkqubela engundoqo, inkqubela eqhubekayo. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abami abafanelekayo banokubhalisa lula kwaye bavote ngaphandle kwemi engafanelekanga, asilonke ukhetho lwethu kodwa nomthetho wezolawulo lwethu lwedemo-demokhrasi. Usuke usuke ukbango lolwanelo nje ukwandisa amanani, kodwa ulwanelelo lwendlela yezopolitiko nganye enyani.