IQhosha leInstruction: Xa abemi beyijonga kwaye bephembelela indlela amaziko kawonke-wonke asebenza ngayo, badala amacebo anamandla okuphendula athintela ukuziphatha okubi, aphucula ukunikezelwa kwenkonzo, kwaye baqinise ukufaneleka kwedemokhrasi.

Ukuganana nge-CUBC kufana nenye yezona zixhobo zinamandla zokuqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente nemibutho bahlala inokuphendula abantu abasebenza kuyo. Kumongo wolawulo oluneendlela zokusebenza.

Ichaza ubandakanyeko lweCubic nemisebenzi yokulawula

Yintoni Isabelo Sesityalo?

Ukuganana ngekhompyutha kuquka iindlela ezininzi abantu abathatha inxaxheba kuzo zoluntu kwaye baphembelela ukwenza izigqibo zikawonke-wonke. Kuquka izenzo ezisesikweni, ezinjengokuvota okanye ukusebenza kwibhodi, kunye nemisebenzi engacwangciswanga, njengokuya kwimibhiyozo okanye ukwabelana ngenkcazelo kwi-media.

Iyintoni Imisebenzi Yokulawula?

Imisebenzi yokulawula ibhekisela kwinkqubo yamaqumrhu ajonga, ahlola, alungise izenzo zemibutho karhulumente, imibutho, nemibutho yabucala esebenza ngomdla kawonke-wonke. Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokuvelela iquka:

  • Uphatho lwegunya – iikomiti zepalamente ezihlola imisebenzi yolungiselelo
  • Audit kunye novavanyo – abasebenzi abazimeleyo abahlola ukusebenza kwemali kunye nenkqubo
  • Ii-ofisi jikelele – ii-ogg zangaphakathi ezihlola ubuqhetseba nokuxhatshazwa
  • Uhlolo lweJudicial – iinkundla ezivavanya ubulunga bomthetho wezigqibo zolawulo
  • Ulawulo lolawulo - umanyano lweziphene kunye nee-checks ezigunyazisayo
  • Iqumrhu longamelayo – iziqu ezibunjwe ngamalungu oluntu ahlola amapolisa, isikolo, okanye izigqibo zoqingqo-mali

Ulawulo oluphumelelayo lufuna ukwazi inkcazelo, igunya lokusebenza kwizinto ezifunyenweyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempendulo okudibanisa ezo zinto zifunyenweyo notshintsho olungokwenkqubo.

Ulwalamano Olungenelelayo Phakathi Kokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuwonke - wonke Nokulawula

Iindlela zokulawula zidla ngokuyilwa ziingcali zize zisetyenziswe ngamagosa karhulumente. Kodwa ngaphandle kwegalelo labantu abachaphazelekayo ngokungqalileyo zizinto ezenziwa ngurhulumente, ezi nkqubo zinokuba mxinwa, zibanjwe zizinto ezikhethekileyo, okanye ziphathwe ziingxaki ezingalindelekanga. I-CUVIC ichaza uqulu-jiko lobukrelekrele bomgangatho ophezulu ongenakulinganiswa neenkqubo ezisesikweni zobuveleli.

Indlela Ubungqina Obunyusela Ngayo Ityala

Ukuphendula kuthetha ukuba abenzi besigqibo kufuneka bachaze izenzo zabo, bamkele imbopheleleko, kunye neziphumo zobuso xa besona. Xa abemi bebonke bebophelelekile, badala uxinzelelo lwangaphandle olubangela ukuba kube nzima ukuphepha. Umzekelo, ibhunga lesixeko elaziyo iintlanganiso zalo zoqingqo-mali ziya kukhutshwa, zihlaliswe, zilandelwe liqela lezentlalo elizibophelela kwimiboniso-ndaba yentlalo alifane lityhalele ukutyhalela phambili kwinkcitho ethandabuzekayo ngaphandle kokuyihlola.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kubemi kukwandisa iqela labantu abanokuthi banike i-akhawunti. Umqwalaseli omnye angaphakamisa iflegi ebomvu, kodwa loo flegi inobunzima obungaphezulu xa umbutho woluntu uyiqinisa. Le ntshukumo iyabonakala kumsebenzi wokujonga iinja ezizimeleyo zoqingqo-mali, njenge Institute yenethwekhi yolawulo lwe-Public Relations, enceda abemi bafumane iziphumo zemali kunye nokucinezela ukulandelelwa.

Indlela Ubungqina Obukhuthaza Ngayo Ukubonisa Imbonakalo

Ukucaca gca kungummiselo wokuziphendulela. I-Civic ayinakufuna iimpendulo ukuba ayazi ukuba yintoni ayenzayo urhulumente wayo. Amandla okubophelela abonisayo ngokufuna idata evulekileyo, iinkcazelo zolwimi olucacileyo, kunye neentlanganiso ezifikelelekayo. Xa abemi behleli kwiikomiti zobuveleli, banganyanzelisa ukuba iingxelo zibhalwe ngendlela abantu abanokuyiqonda, bangangcwatywa yi-gargon. Abameli bakarhulumente baye baphikisa kade ukuba [[FLT:] imigaqo yeSunight Foundation yeSunst [ – ubungcwele bexesha, ukugqibelela, kunye nokuthunyelwa komatshini – kufuneka basetyenziswe kuyo yonke i-data.

Umzekelo omnye osisiseko uvela kwiibhodi zesikolo ezipapasha iinkcukacha zoqingqo-mali zoludwe lweziqendu zemigca ngokwendlela yokusebenza kwi-intanethi. Xa amaqela abazali esebenzisa loo nkcazelo ukubuza isizathu sokuba ukuchitha izinto eziseklasini kuncitshiswe njengoko imivuzo yolawulo inyuka, incoko isuka kwizikhalazo ezingacacanga ukuya kwiimfuno ezisekelwe kubungqina. Olu manyano logcino-lwazi olufikelelekayo kunye nesenzo soluntu esilungelelanisiweyo sidala irhintyela lokucacele eligcina ulongamo lolwamkelo lobukhali.

Izithintelo Zokuba Ngumphathi

Nangona kukho iingenelo ezicacileyo, abemi abaninzi bahlala besecaleni. Ukuqonda imiqobo linyathelo lokuqala lokuyisusa.

Ulwazi lwe Asymmetary

Iinkqubo zolawulo zisoloko zixhomekeke kulwazi lobugcisa .bject quetation, imigaqo, imimiselo esemthethweni. Ngaphandle kokuqonda okusisiseko kwezi nkqubo, abemi bangaziva besoyika okanye bangade bazi ukuba bawakhangele phi amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Kwanaxa ulwazi luthe lwasetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke, lungangcwatywa kwii-PDPD ezixineneyo okanye lungahlulwa kwii-webhsayithi ezininzi. Oku “kuchaza okungagqibeleli mthetho” kudala umqobo ochaphazela uluntu ngemigangatho ephantsi yemfundo yangaphakathi okanye ukufikelela kwamanani.

Amathuba Alinganiselweyo Okuthabatha Inxaxheba

Amaqumrhu amaninzi avelelayo asebenza kucwangciso olungavumelaniyo nabantu abasebenzayo, abanyamekela abaguli, okanye abo bangakwaziyo ukuthatha ixesha. Ukuchophela amava kudla ngokubakho ngexesha leshishini, kunye namathuba amafutshane okuqaphela. Ngaphezu koko, inxaxheba maxa wambi ilinganiselwe kwimizuzu embalwa yokuthetha kukawonke wonke, okungenakuthabathela indawo inkxaso, igalelo lokunikela yintetho enee-mineyitha ezintathu phambi kwevoti, abemi banokuvakalelwa ukuba igalelo labo ligunyaziswa kunokuba lixabiseke.

Inkcubeko yentlalo nenkcubeko

Abahlali abafumana imali ephantsi, abantu abambalwa abavelayo, abavela entlalweni encinane, nabantu abaneziphene bajongene nemiqobo edityanisiweyo. Basenokungakufumani unikezelo oluthembekileyo lwe-Internet ukufumana ucwangciso lwentlanganiso, abanako ukulahlekelwa yimivuzo ngokuya kwiziganeko zamihla ngemihla, okanye bangazibona bebonakali beboniswa kwinkqubo yobuveleli obusemthethweni. Uphando olusuka ku IInternational Institute for Democraticism and Electoral Conservation lubonisa ukuba ezi zimkhethelo zizinto ezizidizam: xa zilawulwa ngumgcini-khaya omncinane, ulwelwelwe, ngoko ke lungathethisani ukuphendula amatyala abantu abaninzi.

Ukungakhathali Kwezobupolitika Nokungathembani

Amashumi eminyaka ezithembiso ezophulwayo, amahlazo orhwaphilizo, kunye namaziko angenamdla worhwaphilizo aye aphelisa ukholo kwimbono yokuba inxaxheba kwimicimbi. Kumazwe amaninzi, abemi babonakalisa imigangatho ephezulu yokudimazeka, bajonga imisebenzi yokuvelela njengengasebenzi okanye njengethinjwa ngabantu abaphezulu. Xa abantu bekholelwa ukuba igalelo labo liya kutyeshelwa okanye inkqubo exhotyisiweyo, ngokusengqiqweni bakhetha ukungahambi. Ukuwuphula lo mjikelezo akufuni nje iinkqubo ezingcono kodwa kwanobungqina obucacileyo bokuba ukubomfela-zwe kuvelisa iziphumo ezicacileyo.

Ukoyika Ukuziphindezela

Kwimeko apho abacuphi bempempe bajongene nokuhlaselwa, izisongelo ezingokwasemthethweni, okanye ugonyamelo, ukubotshwa kwemibutho yoluntu kusemngciphekweni wokwenene. Oku kuyingozi ngakumbi kuluntu oluxhomekeke kwimisebenzi okanye kwizivumelwano zikarhulumente, apho ukuthetha kungaphumela ekuphelisweni okanye ekudutyulweni kwebhola. Ukuze ukujongana nokuququzelelwa kungabi nabucala, amaziko kufuneka avelise imijelo ekhuselekileyo yokungena kwingeniso engaziwayo kwaye akhusele ngokusemthethweni abemi abatshazanayo ekuziphindeniseni.

Imisebenzi Eya kwiNkundla yePhondo enentsingiselo

Ukulungisa imiqobo engasentla kufuna indlela edityanisiweyo edibanisa ulungiso lweziko, uphuhliso lobugcisa, nolwakhiwo loluntu.

Abemi Abafundileyo Ngamalungelo Neenkqubo

Ulwazi lusisiseko sokuthabatha inxaxheba. Oorhulumente namaqela abantu kufuneka bafake iinkonzo zokubhala ezicacisa indlela ulawulo olusebenza ngayo, indawo yokufumana inkcazelo, nendlela yokunikela igalelo elisebenzayo. Imizekelo iquka:

  • Izifundo ezifutshane ze-intanethi zokufunda uqingqo-mali okanye ukutolika ingxelo yophicotho-zincwadi
  • Iindawo zoshishino eziqhutyelwa kumaziko oluntu, kumathala eencwadi, nakwiendawo zonqulo
  • Isalathisi soMjikelo woLwimi oluQhelekileyo
  • Abacacisa ividiyo abahamba ababukeli behamba kwikomiti yolwalathiso eqhelekileyo

Le migudu kufuneka ilungiswe ngokwenkcubeko nangolwimi ukuze ifikelele abantu abahlukeneyo. I-PD yohlobo oluthile kwisiNgesi esibureaucracy ayinakuwufumana umsantsa wolwazi.

Dala iiForums eziFikelelekayo neziQhubekekayo

Amaqumrhu ajongene nenxaxheba yokufumanana nabantu apho bekhona. Oku kuthetha ukuba:

  • Ukumisa iintlanganiso ngamaxesha awahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka iingokuhlwa neempelaveki
  • Ukunikela inxaxheba kummandla osemaphandleni ngevidiyo okanye ngemfonomfono
  • Ukunikela ngeenkonzo zokutolika kunye nezixhobo ngeelwimi ezininzi
  • Ukusebenzisa izithuba zobuhlobo babantwana ukuze abanyamekela abaguli babekho
  • Ingxelo yonyaka-mali yeNtlanganiso yeNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni

Emva kweentlanganiso, amaqumrhu ajongene neentlanganiso anokusebenzisa iibhodi ze-intanethi ekuphenduleni imibuzo, iimpendulo okanye izicelo zogcino-lwazi.

Ukwandiswa Kwabemi Namagosa

Ulwalamano olubi lujongela phantsi ulawulo. Endaweni yoko, iinkokeli zezequmrhu zifanele zijonge amaqela asekuhlaleni njengentsebenziswano ekuphuculeni ulawulo. Oku kusenokuthatha uhlobo

  • I- Isebenzisa iikomiti zongamela ngamandla okwenene okwenza izigqibo, hayi iindima zokwalathisa
  • Iintlanganiso zoqeqesho olungenayo apho amagosa kunye namalungu oluntu afunda ubuchule bobuveleli kunye
  • Iinkqubo zokuyila ukuvelisa iimodeli ezintsha zolawulo okanye iifomati ezinika ingxelo
  • Incoko exhotyisiweyo apho amagosa anikela iziphumo kunye nabemi bacelw'ii okanye basulungekise

Xa omabini amacala ezigqala esebenzela usukelo olunye lokulawula, ukuthembana kunokukhula nasemva kokuba kuvutha ukungavisisani.

Ubuxhakaxhaka be-everrage busetyenziselwa ukuncedisana nokutyibilika

Izixhobo zamanani zinokunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ixabiso lokuthabatha inxaxheba nokufikelela kwintsebenziswano. Izicelo ezisebenzayo ziquka:

  • ivula ii portals zogcino-lwazi ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhuphele phantsi kwaye bahlalutye iingxelo zobungameli
  • [[UMTL:0] Iibhodi ezinqamlezayo ezingasebenziyo ezibona izicwangciso zoqingqo-mali, iziphumo zophicotho-zincwadi, okanye izinga lokuthobela
  • Iqonga lokufaka izithuba apho abemi baxela iingxaki zabo nokukhangela indlela abaphendula ngayo abameli
  • Iphulo lokhuselo-lwazi elikhulisa ukufunyanwa kolawulo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphendula koluntu

Ngoko, ubugcisa bungayilwa ngelens elinganayo. Elona qela lintsonkothileyo lebhodi linexabiso lingasebenzi ukuba lisebenza kuphela kunxibelelwano lwe-intanethi oluphezulu okanye lifuna ubuchule obuphambili bobalo. i-OECD yesakhiwo sikaRhulumente esivulekileyo [ igxininisa ukuba ukubotshwa kwamanani makukhatshwe ngenkxaso engekho kwi-intanethi kwaye ikhuselwe ngaphandle kwendlela.

Khuthaza Umsebenzi Wokuzithandela Nezibonelelo Zomsebenzi

Ukujonga okuqinisekisiweyo kuxhomekeke kwindalo yamaqela aqeqeshiweyo, alungelelanisayo, axhasayo amagorha ajongene noluntu.

  • Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zentlalo-ntle ezijolise ekunyamekeleni
  • Iinkqubo zamatsha - ntliziyo eziqeqesha abemi ekuphicothweni okanye ekuhlolweni
  • Ukugqalwa kwabantu ngokubanzi nokuhlawulwa okuncinane
  • Izixhobo zokulawula ezintsha

Xa uvelela kuba yindlela ehlonelwayo yenkonzo kawonke wonke, kutsala uninzi lwabathathi - nxaxheba.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwezifundo Zetyala

Uqingqo-mali olunenxaxheba ePorto Alegre, eBrazil

Mhlawumbi owona mzekelo udumileyo wokuzibophelela koluntu ekubikweni kweempahla, uqingqo-mali lokudityaniswa koonontlalo-ntle lwaqala ePorto Alegre ngowe- 1989. Phantsi kwalo mzekelo, abemi bahlanganisa iintlanganiso zobume bengingqi ukucebisa nokuvota ngokona kubalulekileyo koqingqo-mali. Esi sixeko samkela izigqibo eziphumezekileyo. Le nkqubo inxulumene ngqo negalelo lobumi ekujongeni iprojekthi yokusebenza kwaye inyanzelela ukuphendula ukuba izithembiso azigcinwanga. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba uqingqo-mali oluchanekileyo kwimiqathango yezonyango kwimimandla ephantsi kwengeniso, ngoxa kucutha ukunciphisa ukunganyaniseki kobugxanduku ngoku kusetyenziswa izigqibo ezibonakalayo kuluntu. Amakhulukhulukhulu ezixeko emhlabeni wonke asebenzisa iingxelo zale mzekelo.

Ulawulo Lwamapolisa EUnited States

Izixeko ezininzi ziye zamisela iibhodi zohlolo lwamapolisa ukuze zongamele ihambo yamapolisa. Ngoxa iinguqulelo zangaphambili zazisoloko zingenamazinyo, iinguqu zakutshanje zinika amandla angaphantsi kwepona, abasebenzi abazimeleyo abazimeleyo, kunye nendima ekuqeqesheni. EDenver, eColorado, iOfisi ye- Independent Monitor isebenzisa indlela engqinelanayo apho abemi bahlola iintlobo zemikhosi, iiyantlukwano zeentlanga, kunye nokukhalaza. Inginya ipapasha iingxelo zikawonke-wonke kunye neentlanganiso zoluntu eziziintlanganiso zoluntu. Le ntlanganiselo yolwazi kunye nengxoxo eqhubekayo yezentengiso ikhokelela kwiinguqulelo ekusebenziseni imigaqo-enjiko kunye nokuqeqeshwa.

IiKomiti zoPhicotho-zincwadi loMmi eKenya

EKenya, i-ofisi ye- yoMphicothi-zincwadi Jikelele encedisana namaqela oluntu ukuyila iikomiti zophicotho-zincwadi eziquka iingcaphephe zezoburhulumente kunye nabameli babemi. Ezi komiti zihlola iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi zoorhulumente bamaphondo kunye nokuphunyezwa komjelo-mali. Uxanduva lwabemi abaqhelekileyo lunceda ukuguqulela iimfuno zemali ezintsonkothileyo kwindawo yasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, eKiambu County, ikomiti yafumanisa ukuba izigidi zeshillings ezimiselwe ugcino-ndlela zitshintshiwe. Uxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke lukhokelele ekuphuculweni kwemali kunye nokurhoxinzelo lwamagosa aphethe.

Ulwakhiwo Lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali eMzantsi Korea

I- “Open System yoHlahlo-mali” endululwe ngo-2016 ivumela abemi ukuba bajonge inkcitho yorhulumente ngexesha lokwenene nge-apple. Abasebenzisi bangafumana imisebenzi evela ekucebiseni ukuhlawula. Le nkqubo yaphuhliswa ngegalelo elivela kumaqela esizwe kwaye iquka uphawu lokuyichaza iflegi erhanela ukuthengiselwa. Isiphumo siye saba kukuhla okuphawulekayo kokungahambelani kolwazi. Ukubonakala okubangelwa sesi sixhobo sombutho kuncede iintathelekelelo nezo zoburhulumente ukuba ziphande ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-202020, abemi basebenzisa le nkqubo ukutyhila ipateni engaphezulu kwe-flagics, ixhobisa uphindo olusindisa izigidi ze-R3.

Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo olusekelwe kuluntu eIndiya

Kwilizwe lase-Odisha, eIndiya, amaqela abemi asebenzisana nebhodi yolawulo longcoliso lwelizwe ukuqwalasela umgangatho wamanzi emilanjeni echaphazelekayo yoshishino. Ukusebenzisa amacebo alula okuvavanya kunye nokungena kogcino-lwazi oluhambayo, abantu babhala iziphumo zokwaphula umthetho kwaye banika ubungqina kwigunya lobuveleli. Olu hlolo lufanayo lwadala icebo elinyanzelisa iziko lonyango kwaye luhlawule intengiso. Impumelelo yalo mzekelo ikhokelele ekunyusweni kwalo kwamanye amazwe, ibonisa ukuba ukubhalisa izithuba apho amaziko olawulo luphantsi kwe-flegi okanye ukuthotywa.

Ukoyisa amathandabuzo Aqhelekileyo

Abantu abathandabuzayo badla ngokuphikisa ngelithi ukugaxelelwa kwequmrhu ukuba lijonge abantu akusebenzi kuba abemi abanabuchule, bathe bakhawulezisa ukwenza izigqibo, okanye banokuthi zithatyathwe zizinto ezikhethekileyo. Le ngxaki ifanelekile kodwa inokusingathwa ngokuyilwa kakuhle:

  • [[UMTLL:0] Ukukhupha izithuba – Ukunikezela uqeqesho, ulawulo, kunye nokufikelela kubalawuli bobugcisa abazimeleyo. Iziqu ezininzi zolawulo zinika izifundo ezifutshane ekucwangciseni okanye ekuxilongweni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umgangatho - Seka imigca ecacileyo yexesha lokuganana nokwenza izigqibo. Iinkqubo zokuthatha inxaxheba azifuneki zingapheli; ucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo lungaphumelela.
  • I- I- – Sebenzisa ukhetho oluzenzekelayo okanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokumiselwa uthintelo lokumela ngamagama avakalayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikomiti zibonisa ubunikazi kunye nobubanzi bentlalo-ntle yoluntu.

Ukubandakanyeka akuloncedo, kodwa kusetyenziswa ngononophelo, komeleza kunokuba kuwenze buthathaka amaziko okuvelela.

Isiphelo: Indlela Engaphambili

Ukuganana kwe-Pigcof kuguqula ulawulo lwegumbi langasemva elibucala lube yinkqubo esebenzayo, eveza uwonke wonke ebonisa iimfuno namaxabiso oluntu. Xa abemi bexhotyiswe ngolwazi, benikwa amathuba afikelelekayo, kwaye benikwa impembelelo yokwenene, baba ngabathunywa abanamandla bokuphendula nokubonisa imbonakalo. Uhlolisiso oluvela kuPorto Alegre ukuya kuSeoul lubonisa ukuba kwanenkqubo ezizinzileyo zingatshintsha xa abemi befuna yaye benobuchule obungcono bokongamele.

Ukuhambela phambili, oorhulumente nemibutho kufuneka bajonge ukuganana kwabantu kungeyonto engongezelelekileyo kodwa njengenxalenye engundoqo yocwangciso lobuveleli. Oku kufuna ukuba utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo ekufundiseni abantu, luquka imimandla ekhuselekileyo, imijelo yokuthabatha inxaxheba, kunye nobugcisa obunceda wonke umntu. Kukwafuna ukutshintsha kwenkcubeko phakathi kwamaqumrhu ajongene nabemi bangaphandle ukuze baphathwe, ukubajonga njengabaphathi-mikhosi abathembekileyo.

Iingenelo zicacile. Abaninzi abemi abathembisiweyo bathetha ukuba bambalwa abangaziqondiyo izinto, iinkonzo ezivumayo, kunye nokulawula ngedemokhrasi okunamandla. Kwixesha lokunyuka kokungathembani kunye neengxaki zolawulo oluntsonkothileyo, ukubophela ulawulo loluntu akubalulekile kuphela, kuyimfuneko.