Indima Yamanani Kulawulo Lwedemokhrasi

Ubalo-manani lwesizwe lungaphezulu kakhulu kunobalo lwezikolo. Yimvelaphi yogcino-lwazi olusisiseko elawula indlela oorhulumente abachitha ngayo amakhulu ezigidi zeerandi kwiimali zikawonke-wonke, badwelise imimandla yezowiso-mthetho, bacebise ukulungiselela iimfuno zezolawulo zexesha elizayo. Ukugqiba inani lezihlalo ezikhoyo kwiphondo ngalinye kwiKhomishini ukuze kunyathelwe apho izibhedlele nezikolo ezintsha zakhiweyo, iziphumo zokubalwa kobalo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bemihla ngemihla bommi ngamnye. Ukuvelisa ezi ziphumo zibalulekileyo, ugcino-data kufuneka luchane, luphelele, lungaguquguquki. Olo miselo luxhomekeke kumgangatho kunye nokuqhubekeka kwemigudu yokufumana inkxaso.

Xa ubalo lungafikeleli ngqo okanye lungangqinelani, ugcino-lwazi lungachaphazekanga. Olunye uluntu lubalwa kancinane, ngoxa olunye lusenokuba lunxulunyaniswa kakhulu noluntu lwalo lokwenyaniso. Kwimijikelezo elandelelanayo, ezi mpawu zincinane zingachananga, zithob'athoza isidima sobukho babantu. Oorhulumente neentlangano ezixhomekeke kwinkcazelo ethe kratya yokufumanisa amanani abantu, umsebenzi, izindlu, nempilo, ezigcina ukuphuma rhoqo unyaka ngamnye akuyonto imfuneko.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukutshintshana Kwamanani Kubaluleke

Ukwakha Nokulondoloza Intembelo Kawonke - wonke

Ukuthembana yimali yokubala abantu. Xa abantu beyiqonda indlela eya kusetyenziswa ngayo idata yabo, bekholelwa ukuba iya kugcinwa iyimfihlo, kwaye bebona ukuba ukuba ukubalwa kwabantu kuneengenelo eziphathekayo kuluntu lwabo, basengozini kakhulu yokusabela. Ukuthemba, noko ke, akunamandla. Ukwaphulwa kogcino-lwazi olunye, ungquzulwano olungaphathwa kakuhle, okanye ixesha lokungathathi mdlalwano oluvela kumagunya alawula ukubala abantu linokuphelisa ukuthemba okuninzi. Ukuthembeka okugcina ukubalwa kwabantu kungabonakali, kucace, kwaye kubeke ityala.

Ukunciphisa Amanani Angaphantsi Kuluntu Olunzima

Umjikelo ngamnye wobalo lwabantu, abanye abantu basengozini ephezulu yokuphoswa: abahlali basemaphandleni, abathethi abangengomaNgesi, abaxhamli abambalwa, abantwana abancinane, abaqeshi, amakhaya angenamakhaya, nabantu abangenamakhaya. La maqela asoloko efuna iindlela zokufumana iziphumo ezinikezelweyo ngokusetyenziswa koluntu oluthembekileyo. Ukuba uhlolo luqhutywa kanye kwiminyaka elishumi, ithuba lokwakha ulwalamano oluphezulu naba bantu lilinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngokuthe rhoqo, unyaka-wonke ukwenziwa kobalo kuvumela amaziko okunika intlukwano eyandayo, ukucombulula umyalezo wawo, kunye nokuphuhlisa intsebenziswano eqinisekisa ukuba akukho qela lishiywe emva. Isiphumo sithetha ukubalal

Ukuxhasa ubunjani bogcino-lwazi lobude

Abenzi bemiqathango kunye nabenzi benkqubo baxhomekeke kugcino-lwazi oluzinzileyo kumjikelo wobalo-manani ukuhlolisisa iziphumo. Umzekelo, ukulandelela ukukhula kwengingqi yesixeko esinabemi basemaphandleni, okanye ukuhambelana kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kufuna ukuthelekisa inani labantu abahlala behleli okanye uphando oluqhubekayo olufana noMbutho weMelika (ACS). Xa ukubhaliswa kogcino-lwazi kuguquguquka, amanani empendulo ayahluka, avelisa impazamo ekuhlalutyeni ngemo. Ukuhla kokuthabatha inxaxheba kummandla omnye kungachazwa ngokuchasana njengoko uluntu lunokungaboni ukuwohloka okungagqibeki. Uphando lwendlela engaguquki lubangela ukuba ugcino-data luthembeke kakhulu kuphando nocwangciso.

Ucelomngeni Lokutshintsha Ubalo

Ukuze siqonde isizathu sokuba kunzima ukufikelela impumelelo, kuyanceda ukuhlolisisa imbali yokubalwa kwabantu nemiqobo engapheliyo ejamelana nayo abameli.

Ukunganeliseki Nemijikelo Yezobupolitika

Amaqumrhu okubala asoloko exhaswa ngenkxaso kucwangciso lokubala olugcina intsika. Kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe inani labantu, uqingqo-mali lunyuke ukuxhasa ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi bexeshana, ukuqhuba amaphulo okubhengeza, nokuphuhlisa izibonelelo. Kwiminyaka ephakathi, inkxaso-mali ingancipha kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamagosa anamava, ukushiywa komanyano, nokubola komjelo wokungangeni. Lo mjikelo wenza ukuba kungabi nako ukugcina unyaka kuqinisekiswe ukubhaliswa. Xa inkxaso ibuya, isibonelelo kufuneka sihlaziye ulwalamano phakathi kwabo, ixesha nemali.

Ubuchule Nemiqobo Yejiko

Kumazwe amakhulu, anabemi abambalwa, ukufikelela kwindlu nganye lucelomngeni olukhulu lobuchule. Iingingqi zasemaphandleni zisenokungabi nakuthembeka kwi-Internet okanye umsebenzi weposi, zifuna abadweli beendawo zokuhamba imigama emide. Kwimimandla yasedolophini, izakhiwo eziphezulu ezinamacala, abantu abahlala emacaleni, kunye nabemi abatshayayo bayakwazi ukudibana. Ukufikelela okuqhubekayo kwezi ndawo kufuna ukuxubana okuntsonkothileyo kwamanani, iiposi, kunye nenkqubo zeposi, ngokufanayo nabasebenzi basemasimini abasisigxina abanokuqhelana nokutshintsha iimeko.

Ukungathembani Nokwaziwa Okuphosakeleyo

Uluntu oluchaphazelekayo lusoloko lunezizathu zembali zokungathemba ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lukarhulumente. Umzekelo, abantu base-Merika kunye nabo bahlala eUnited States baye bafumana ukusetyenziswa kakubi kolwazi lwabo ngokweenjongo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Kutshanje, amaphulo okungachananga aye ajolise ekubaleni abantu, ukusasaza iingxelo eziphosakeleyo ngokubandakanya ulwazi kunye nomthetho okanye amagunya okufuduka. Ezi ngxelo zingakuthintela ukuthabatha inxaxheba kangangeminyaka ukuba athenjiswa ngokungaguquguquki, ngokuthembeka.

Izabelo Eziziqikelelo Zokuba Nolwalamano Oluqinileyo

Ukugcina ubhaqo oluzinzileyo kubude bomjikelo olishumi leminyaka kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo, eneeprojekthi ezininzi. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingqinelwe zisebenza kwiinkqubo zobalo ezisebenza kakhulu ehlabathini jikelele.

Umbindi weenqanawa zomanyano kunye nemibutho esekelwe kuluntu

Amaqumrhu okubala akanakukwazi ukufikelela kuphela. Kufuneka axhomekeke kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni ethembekileyo `iicawa, izikolo, iikliniki, amaqela empilo eendwendwe, kunye namashishini amancinane .ukuhambisa imiyalezo kuluntu olunzima olufikelela kulo. La maqumrhu kufuneka ahlaziywe aze agcinwe eqeshwa ngonyaka wonke, hayi nje kuphela ngexesha lobalo. Uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo, iziganeko ezidityanisiweyo, kunye nezinto ezifundisayo ezikhoyo ziqinisekisa ukuba umanyano luhlale luqinile kwaye lulungile xa kuqalisa ubalo olulandelayo. Umzekelo, ucwangciso lomanyano lwe-Creencareauting Committees zoluntu luna amawaka eencwadi yobulali.

Unxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo nolwenziwa ngokwenkcubeko

Imiqobo yeelwimi ingumqobo omkhulu wokubala abantu. EUnited States, ukubalwa kwabantu kwenziwa ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesibini, kodwa abathethi abangeyosiNgesi basajamelana neengxaki. Ukufumana iziphumo eziziko kufuneka ukuba izinto zifumaneke ngeelwimi ezithethwa ngabantu basekuhlaleni kwaye imiyalezo ibaluleke ngokwenkcubeko. Oku kugqitha kuleyo yokuguqulelwa. Oku kubandakanya izithethe zenkcubeko kwi-data, ukuthemba urhulumente, nokuvuma ukwabelana ngolwazi lobuqu. Ukugcina iqela lonxibelelwano lwezilwimi ngeelwimi ezininzi nokuvelisa oko kusekwezinziwa ngokuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuba aba bantu aba bantu abahlala kwiindawo azilityalwanga.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka bonxibelelwano oluqhubekayo

Iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-CMS zale mihla (CLT) njenge Directus yenza ukuba amaqumrhu okubala abantu akwazi ukuqhuba amaphulo okufumana amajelo okunqumla amajelo amanani ukusuka kwiqonga elinye. Ngokusebenzisa i-CMS engenantloko, amasebe anokushicilela okuqulathiweyo kwii-webhsayithi, iinkqubo zekhompyutha ezihambayo, i-menu-mediaters, kunye neencwadi ze-imeyili ngexesha elinye, ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kwemiyalezo. Imimiselo ezenzekelayo ivumela amaziko agcine uqukuqelo lwemfundo, iziqinisekiso zemfihlo, kunye nezikhumbuzi zogcino-data zogcino-lwazi kunceda ukudibana kolwazi olukhoyo kunye nolwanolwazi lwendawo, ukwenza amaqumrhuluko olulungelelaniso ngexesha elinye.

Iziqinisekiso zemfihlo ezicacileyo neziphindiweyo

Ukoyika ukusetyenziswa kakubi kogcino-lwazi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili abantu abangafuniyo ukuba nenxaxheba kubalo lwabantu. Ukuhlasela kufuneka kuquke izithembiso eziziphindaphindayo zokufihla imfihlo kwaye kuchaze ukukhuselwa okusemthethweni endaweni. Umzekelo, eUnited States, iSiHloko 13 seKhowudi ye-U.S. soMthetho wokungavumeli i-Censurence Bureare ukuba yabelane ngokobuqu ngenkcazelo ecacileyo nayo nayiphi na enye intlangano karhulumente okanye into ekhoyo. Ukubhala rhoqo ngezibhengezo zenkonzo yoluntu, iintlanganiso zoluntu, kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisekisa iinkonzo zoluntu. I-Atmossion kufuneka ipapashe abagxekiswe abagxeki beminyaka le "discoursurence" ukubonakalisa ukubonakala kokukhanyisa.

Iinkqubo zokufundisa eziqhutywa unyaka

Abantu abaselula bangumjelo onamandla wokufikelela kwiintsapho zonke. Ngokudibanisa imfundo yokubalwa kwabantu ezikolweni, abameli bangakhuthaza ukuvalwa kwesikolo kwamaxesha amaninzi nesimo sengqondo esihle ngako ukubalwa kwabantu. Iinkqubo ezifana ne- “Amanani aseZikoleni” zinika abafundisi- ntsapho izifundo zesisa unyaka wonke. Xa abafundi befunda ngokubaluleka kobalo kunye nokuthatha izinto zasekhaya, badla ngokukhuthaza abazali babo ukuba basabele. Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho igalelo elikhuthaza ukuchanabeka kwenkcazelo ngexesha.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Oko Kusebenzayo Nento Engenziyo

Impumelelo: Ubalo lwama - 2020 eNew Zealand

Inkqubo yokubalwa kwabantu yaseNew Zealand yaziwa ngemigudu yayo engaguqukiyo yokufumana iziphumo phakathi kobalo-manani. IZiko le-New Zealand ligcina iqela elisisigxina loNxibelelwano noManyano elisebenza kunye neMāori kunye nePasifika unyaka wonke. Zivelisa ulwaneliseko oluqhubekayo malunga nezobuqu zogcino-lwazi neengenelo zobalo, zisiya kwiziganeko zasekuhlaleni, kwaye ziqeqeshe iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni ukuba zisebenze njengezigidi. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo zihlala zinyuka kwimijikelezo emininzi yobalo, kwaye amanani aphantsi kwabemi bengingqi aye ancitshiswa kakhulu. Indlela yazo ibonisa ukuba ngokuzinziswano, ukuphumelela kokuphumelela kwemidabini.

Ukusilela: Ubalo Lowama - 2011 KuBukumkani BaseUnited Kingdom

KwiUK, uqingqo-mali lwemiba yobalo-mali phakathi kowama-2001 nowangowango-2011 lwakhokelela ekuncitshisweni kwemisebenzi yokufumana uluntu. I-OF yeNkathi yoNyaka yeSizwe yalinganisela umlinganiselo weenkqubo zomanyano lwayo kunye nabasebenzi basentsimini abacuthekileyo. Isiphumo yaba lunyuko olubalulekileyo kwixabiso elingangeni manqakwana, ingakumbi phakathi kwabaqeshi berente nabaphambukeli, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinani eliphantsi kakhulu lemisebenzi yoluntu. I-ONS kwafuneka ichithe imali eninzi kwimigudu elandelwayo kunye nohlenganiso lwamanani. Le meko igxininisa umngcipheko womngcipheko wokungangeni: ukugcina imali ngexesha elifutshane logcino-data ngeminyaka elishumi.

Ukubuyiselwa: Uhlolisiso loLuntu lwaseMelika

ICensus Bureau ye-U.S. i-American Community Survey (ACS) luhlolisiso oluqhubekayo, lwenyanga nenyanga oluqokelela iinkcukacha ezifanayo zobuni beminyaka kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezoqoqosho oluqokelelwe ngaphambili lulwahlulo olude lolwabantu. Ngenxa yokuba i-ACS isebenza unyaka wonke, ifuna ukufikelela okuqhubekayo kunye nemfundo kawonke-wonke. Imodeli ibonisa ukuba abasebenzi abasisigxina abanxibelelana nonxibelelwano oluqhubekayo, baqhuba amaphulo onyaka ngamnye, kwaye bahlaziya izinto zabo rhoqo. Iziphumo zingumquluko othelela phambili wogcino-data oluphezulu oluxhomekeke ekucengiselweni kwendlela. Imode ibonisa ukuba ukuhamba ukusuka ekufikeleleni kwe-ade-e-e-ecede-o-ose.

Ufikelelo olungapheliyo lwenkxaso yenkxaso yobugcisa

Inkqubela kwezobugcisa yenza kube lula ukuba abameli babalo bagcine umlinganiselo othe rhoqo ngaphandle kokunyuka kwexabiso.

I-CMS engenantloko kunye noLawulo oluPhakathi-

I-CMS engenantloko efana ne-API, eguqulelwe kwisakhiwo sezentlalo esisuka kunikezelo lwesiphelo sangaphambili, ivumela abameli ukuba balawule konke ukukhutshwa kwento efunyenweyo ngasemva. Oku kuthetha inqaku elithetha ngokhuseleko lwemfihlo lingapapashwa ngexesha elinye kwi-webhsayithi yokubala esemthethweni, iqhutyelwe kwimibutho yamaqabane adlula kwi-API, kwaye iguqulelwe kwisebe loluntu elikwindawo yoluntu edlulileyo. Oku kucwangciselweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba okuqulethwe yi-alo kuphume kumaxesha afanelekileyo ukutyhubela unyaka wonke. Imvume yomsebenzi owe-automatilo igcina i-mathe rhoqo kwaye ihambisana nemimiselo ye-mfihlo.

Ujongo lweGeospatitial kunye nogcino-lwazi

Iinkqubo zolwazi lwe-Goographic (GIS) zivumela ukuba abameli beendawo abafumana iziphumo, bachaze imimandla egciniweyo, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yogcino-lwazi. Ngokudibanisa iGIS nenkcazelo yempendulo, abameli bangabonisa apho igalelo lithe lahla lize lisetyenziswe. Umzekelo, ukuba ingingqi ibonisa iimpendulo eziphantsi kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba kulandele ubalo olulandelayo, isebe linganciphisa izibhengezo zasekuhlaleni, libambe iiholo zedolophu, kunye neqabane kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni.

Ukhupho lwezinxibo zekhompyutha ne-SMS

Kwimimandla emininzi yehlabathi, iselula yeyona ndawo iphambili yokufikelela kwi-intanethi. Amasebe okunika ubalo angasebenzisa amaphulo okufikelela aba bantu ngezikhumbuzo, imiyalezo yokufundisa, kunye namakhonkco kwiintlobo ze-intanethi. Iinkqubo ze-SMS ezizenzekelayo zingasebenza rhoqo, zidlulisa okuqulethweyo ngamaxesha athe rhoqo. Ngenxa yokuba i-SMS ifikelele kumhlaba wonke kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, lijelo elifanelekileyo lokugcina uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamaxesha okubalwa kwabantu.

Iingenelo zexesha elide zogcino-lwazi lobalo oluchanekileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo

Xa inkcazelo yokubala ichanile yaye ihamba ixesha, iingenelo zivakala kuyo yonke imimandla yabantu.

  • Ubuchule bokuqinisekisa uluntu: ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo lwabemi lunceda oorhulumente bafumane iikliniki, banike imali yokukhusela izifo, kwaye bacebe ukusetyenziswa kwabemi abalupheleyo. EUnited States, iinkqubo zempilo zorhulumente ezifana neMedicaid kunye nenkqubo yempilo yabantwana ye-Health Inshorence (CHIP) yokusasaza inkxaso-mali esekelwe kumanani ababalo. Inani eliphantsi le-1% lingaphumela kwizigidi zeerandimali elahlekileyo kurhulumente.
  • Imfundo:[ Isithili sesikolo sisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lokubala abantu ukusungula ukubhalisa, imida yokuceba, kunye nokunikezela izibonelelo zemfundo ekhethekileyo, abafundi bolwimi lwesiNgesi, kunye neenkqubo zesidlo sasemini. Ukufumana rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abancinane basenokuba balubhaliswe kakhulu.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Isakhiwo sesebe lezothutho sixhomekeke kubalo-bemi kunye neepateni ezihambayo ukumisela ngokutsha ukulungiswa kwendlela, iindlela zothutho lukawonke-wonke, kunye notyalo-mali olukwimiba ebanzi. Ugcino-lwazi lwexesha elide lunceda ukuxela kwangaphambili okungcono kwiimfuno zexesha elizayo.
  • Umelo lweProlithiki: Umzobo wezithili zemithetho kuzo zonke imigangatho karhulumente uxhomekeke kumanani ababalo lwabantu. Ubalo olulungileyo noluchanileyo luqinisekisa ukuba ivoti nganye ithwala ubunzima obulinganayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukufikelela okuzinzileyo kunceda ukunqanda ukwahlulwa okucwangcisiweyo kwabemi abambalwa.

Isiphelo

Ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo luphawulo lolawulo-demokhrasi, ulwabelo olulinganayo lwezibonelelo, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke onolwazi. Kodwa ugcino-lwazi lunokuthenjwa kuphela njengokuphumelela okuphumayo okuluvelisayo. Xa ufikelelo lungaguquguquki nyaka ngamnye, kungakhathaliseki imijikelo yoqingqo-mali okanye iingcinezelo zezobupolitika, ibangela ukuthemba, inciphisa ukubhalwa phantsi kwamanani, kwaye ixhasa uhlaziyo olude olubalulekileyo ekuqondeni utshintsho lwentlalo-ntle. Ucelomngeni lokulondoloza uthelekiso olunjalo lubalulekile, kodwa alunamandla. Ngokusebenzisa unxulumano lwasekuhlaleni, unxibelelwano lolwimi oluneentloko, kunye neenkqubo zokufundisa, ubalo-nyaka ngamnye lunokuqinisekisa ukuba umntu ngamnye uqikelelo oluthile, hayi kanye kwiminyaka elishumi, kodwa njengenxalenye eqhubekayo kwisigqibo kunye nokulungana.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kwendlela yokubala kunye nokwenza uphando olungcono, uphando lwezibonelelo ezisuka kwiZiko lophando lwe-U.S. UC.iThala lee-Cubration Bureaual, i yeUnited Nations Statistics Division[, kunye uphando lwe-PROW].