Ukufikelela ngokulinganayo kubulungisa kusisiseko somthetho osisiseko kwaye imfuneko esisiseko yoluntu olulungileyo nolunedemokhrasi. Iqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ufumana mali engakanani, uhlanga, ubufana, okanye imvelaphi, angafuna ukhuseleko kwingozi, anyanzelise amalungelo abo, kwaye agcine abenzi bobubi benetyala. Kumomo wobulungisa, ukufikelela kumalungelo asekuhlaleni okulinganayo, akuyonto nje ecacileyo, kwaye akuyonkqubo engaqhelekanga. Kukho nto inokwenzeka ukuba umntu ngamnye, nokuba ikhuseleke ngokusemthethweni, kwaye ixhomekeke kwinkqubo esemthethweni. Ngaphandle kwayo, idinga idinga ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo phantsi komthetho, kwaye iyaqhubeka isenza inkqubela yokufikelela kumalungelo abantu ngokusesikweni. Eli nqaku lihlola isizathu sokuba ukufikelela okulinganayo kuxhaphaze amalungelo asekuhlaleni, ukuvavanyaza imiqobo ekhuselweyo, kunye nobungqina obusekelwe kwiindlela ezimele zonke iinkqubo zomthetho.

Isiseko Samalungelo Abemi

Amalungelo amakhaya zisiqinisekiso esisemthethweni esikhusela abantu ekucalucalulweni nokuqinisekisa ukuba banenxaxheba ngokufanayo kwibutho labantu. Aquka ilungelo lokuvota, ilungelo lokufumana indlu entle, ilungelo lokusebenza ngokulinganayo, ilungelo lokufumana indawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke, nelungelo lokukhululeka kugonyamelo nokukhathazwa okusekelwe kwiempawu ezikhuselweyo ezifana nobuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, imvelaphi yesizwe, ukukhubazeka, nobudala. La malungelo amiselwe kumthetho obalulekileyo njengoMthetho we-Chube Rights ka-19656, i-Vongment Rights Rights Act ka-1965, i-Fair Holes Act, kunye namaMelika aneMithetho yeNqulukelo yokukhubazeka, ngokufanayo neMithetho yeSimiselo se-14 soMgaqo-o-omthetho woKhuselo olubumbelo-mthetho-Ol Claus.

Umbutho wamalungelo abantu wale mihla, owafikelela incopho yawo ngoo1950 nangoo1960, wawungumlo osisiseko wokufumana ukuvunywa okusemthethweni nokunyanzeliswa kwala malungelo. Abasebenzi abanjengoMartin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, kunye nabanye abangenakubalwa babeka ubomi babo esichengeni ukuvavanya ukungabikho kohlanga, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nokukhutshwa kobundlobongela besizwe. Uloyiso lwawo lwawo lwaphumelela phakathi kwelungelo elisemthethweni (‘egalll nelomthetho-*, kodwa aluzange luphele. Umlo wamalungelo abantu uyaqhubeka ngenxa yokuba umthetho wodwa awuqinisekisi bulungisa. Umthetho kufuneka ufikeleleke, unyanzeleke, usebenze ngaphandle kokucalula. Ufikelelo oluqhelekileyo luyilo lwezomthetho phakathi kwamalungelo osemthethweni nemithetho ephepheni kunye namava.

Indima yenkqubo engokwasemthethweni ekunyanzeleni amaLungelo angokwamakhaya

Inkqubo esemthethweni isebenza njengendawo ephambili yokunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu. Iinkundla zichaza imithetho, iimpikiswano zesifungo, zinika iimpendulo xa amalungelo ephulwa. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo esemthethweni esebenzayo, amalungelo asuka nje afumaneke. Noko ke, inkqubo esemthethweni isebenza kuphela xa ifikeleleka. Abantu abacalucalulwa kwizindlu, emsebenzini, imfundo, okanye abaphathi-mthetho kufuneka bakwazi ukuqhuba iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zezikhalazo, ukuqokelela ubungqina, nokunikela amatyala abo. Oku kudla ngokufuna isiluleko esisemthethweni, ulwazi ngemithetho ye-procedial, kunye nemali exhasa ukugcinwa.

Imisebenzi engundoqo yenkqubo esemthethweni ekwandiseni amalungelo abantu iquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukulungiselela ifolom yokulungisa: amaxhoba angamangalelwa ngomonakalo, imimiselo, okanye utshintsho lwenkqubo.
  • Ukungenisa kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko: amatyala acacisa umlinganiselo wemithetho yamalungelo abantu ngokulandela umzekelo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukubeka ityala kubadlali bakawonke-wonke nabangasese: amasebe noombutho boRhulumente banokunyanzeleka ukuba batshintshe uqheliselo localulo.
  • Ithuba lokufumana iziphumo zomthetho lidimaza ukwaphulwa kwekamva.

Kodwa le misebenzi ixhomekeke kubuchule babantu ukuba nenxaxheba. Xa amaqela amakhulu abantu engakwazi ukuthenga igqwetha, engathethi ulwimi lwenkundla, okanye ehlala kwiindawo ezingenazo iinkonzo ezisemthethweni, le nkqubo iyayeka ukuphumeza injongo yayo. Umahluko wezobulungisa uyakhula, yaye amalungelo abantu abawafumanayo.

Izithintelo Zokufikelela Okulinganayo Kokusesikweni

Nangona kubalulekile ukuba kungeneke ngendlela efanayo, uninzi lwemiqobo luthintela izigidi zabantu baseMerika ekufumaneni okusesikweni. Le miqobo isoloko idityanisiwe, idibanisa ilahleko ejongene namaqela aphantsi. Ukuqonda oku linyathelo lokuqala lokuphelisa.

Umgangatho wemali

Indleko yokumela ngokusemthethweni yenye yezona nqobo zibalulekileyo. Ngokwe- Iinkonzo ze-Legion Corporation, inkcitho ephantsi efunyenweyo yamaMelika ifumana inganelisi okanye ingena mvume isemthethweni yeepesenti ezingama- 92% zeengxaki zabo zomthetho. Iiyure ezininzi zamagqwetha azimeleyo angakwazi ukutshintsha ukusuka kwii-$200 ukuya ku-R3, okanye ngaphezulu, ukwenza kwanetyala elilula elingahlawulwayo kwabaninzi. Iindleko zamatyala, iindleko zamangqina oo olwazi, kunye nezinye iindleko zoko zokrulaniso zongeza umthwalo. Abantu abaphilayo abahlawula i-haviyo ukuhlawula, ukuqesha igqwetha idla ngokuphuma kwimibuzo, ukunyanzelela ukulahla okanye ukurhweba kwenkqubo yabo yendlela kuphela (ummeli).

Ukungabikho komelo lwasemthethweni

Iprojekthi ye-seligings, okanye i-odoli ezizimeleyo, ijongene nocelomngeni olukhulu. Inkqubo yomthetho yenzelwe oogqirha abaqeqeshiweyo. Ngaphandle kwecebiso lomthetho, abantu bangaphoswa lixesha lokugqiba ixesha, bangaphumeleli ukunikela ubungqina obufanelekileyo, okanye ukungaqondani kakuhle. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amaqela asengozini kakhulu yokuphumelela kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukugxothwa kwezindlu, umthetho wentsapho, kunye netyala labathengi. Kwimeko zamalungelo abantu, apho umthetho unokucaciswa ngokuchanekileyo, ilahleko lide licace. [ Imanyano yoMbali we-American iyazi ixesha elide imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokufikelela kwimicimbi yoluntu.

Imiqobo YeeNgingqi

Iinkonzo ezingokwasemthethweni zigxininise ngokugqithisileyo kwimimandla yasedolophini. Iingingqi zasemaphandleni kunye noluntu olukude zisoloko zinamagqwetha ambalwa, ingakumbi lawo axhasa amalungelo abantu okanye umthetho wobuhlwempu. Imibutho yoncedo lwasemthethweni, enikezela ngeenkonzo ezikhululekileyo okanye eziphantsi, ingaphantsi kwaye ayinakugquma yonke imimandla. ISebe leJaji leSigwebi ibalaselisa iJaji [ ibalase ibalase “intlango ehlala abantu bamele bahambe iiyure ukuya kwindlu yenkundla yenkundla okanye kwiofisi yoncedo esemthethweni. Oku kuzikhetha ngokweewo nakwelo kuchaphazela ngokungalindelekanga imiqobo yamaMelika eMelika, i-Appalchiarcha, kunye neendawo zasemaphandle.

Iingxaki Zolwimi Nenkcubeko

Malunga ne 8% yabemi base-U.S. i-E. i-Grive Syndrome ilinganiselweyo, kwaye ubunjani benkcubeko budume kakubi, buzaliswe ngamagama esiLatini kunye neziphumo ezidala. Kubantu aba-LEP, kwaneentlobo ezisisiseko zinokungaqondwa. Abatoliki benkundla bakhona kwiingingqi ezininzi, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuyaguquguquka, kwaye ubunjani buyahluka. Umahluko wenkcubeko . "onjengokungathemba amaziko karhulumente ngenxa yokudlula okanye ukoyika iziphumo zokufuduka"/i-further uthintela abantu ekufuneni uncedo olusemthethweni. Umzekelo, uluntu olungummigxuluko, lungaxeli ukuchasana kwamalungelo abantu ngenxa yokoyika impilelo okanye ukugxothwa, ingakumbi kwimozulu yangoku.

I-System Bias kunye nocalucalulo

Ucalucalulo olupheleleyo nolucacileyo kwinkqubo engokwasemthethweni ludala imiqobo eyongezelelekileyo. Uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba abagwebi, amajaji, namagqwetha angenalwazi lungaphatha iziphumo ezisekelwe kuhlanga, ubufanasini, kunye neklasi, ezichaphazela iziphumo. Umzekelo, abamangalelwa abamnyama nababhila-bhabhabha bajamelana nezigwebo ezingqongqo kunabatyholi abamhlophe ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olufanayo, kwaye abakho nokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba bawine ityala lamalungelo abantu. Ikhethe lenkqubo elingekho mthethweni libonakala naphantsi kweenkqubo zoncedo ezinceda abantu abambalwa, kwaye bajonge imidangangelwayo kunye nokujongwa kwemibala emhlophe. Ilifa le-redliningciso, izindlu zokuhlala, ukucwaswa kwezindlu, kunye nezikolo liyaqhubeka libonakalisa ukufikelela kwisidima soburhulumente bomthetho nokungabikho.

Ezinye Izithintelo

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukufumaneka: amagumbi enkundleni kunye noovimba bomthetho basenokungafikeleleki ngokupheleleyo kubantu abakhubazekile emzimbeni, kwizimvo, okanye kukuphazamiseka kolwazi.
  • Ulwahlulo lwe-Digital: Njengoko iinkonzo zomthetho zihamba kwi-intanethi, ezo zingenayo i-intanethi okanye ulwazi lwamanani zishiyeka ngasemva.
  • Ukugqibelela komthetho wamalungelo abantu: iingxelo zifuna ukubonakalisa injongo, imilinganiselo yocalulo, okanye izinto ezithile zomthetho ezinzima kubasebenzi abangengomthetho ukungqinela.

Imiphumo Yokufikelela Okungasikelwe Mda

Xa kukhanyelwa ukufikelela okulinganayo kokusesikweni, imiphumo ibangelwa libutho labantu. Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu akunamdla, ukungalingani kuyakhula, yaye ukukholelwa ekuhleni kwinkqubo yokusesikweni kuyaphela.

Ukupheliswa Kokungalingani

Ngaphandle kwamandla okunyanzelisa amalungelo abo, amaqela aphantsi ahlala ebambeke kumjikelo wocalucalulo. Intsapho engenamali yokulwa negqwetha elilwa nokugxothwa ngokungekho mthethweni isenokungabi namakhaya; umsebénzi oziphindezelayo ngokubiwa kwemali ehlawulwayo usenokuphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe; umfundi onesiphene owenzelwe ukuwanyanzelela indawo yokuhlala angayeka esikolweni. Imichiza nganye engabekelwe mgangatho ekhoyo ebutyebini, kwimpilo, kwimfundo, nakuhlala.

Ukuncitshiswa Kwentembelo Kawonke - wonke

Iinkundla zifumana ilungelo lazo lomthetho kwimbono yokuba zilungile kwaye zifikeleleka. Xa amaqela amakhulu abantu engakwazi ukusebenzisa inkqubo yomthetho ukuthethelela amalungelo abo, ukuthemba urhulumente kunye nomthetho kuyaba buthathaka. Oku kunokuphembelela ukugxeka, isiphithiphithi sentlalo, kwanobungqwabalala. Ama-202020 aqhatha emva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd, ngokomzekelo, aqhutywa ngokwenxenye yimbali ende yenkohlakalo yamapolisa kunye nenkqubo yokugweba ebonakala ingenakufikeleleka kuluntu olumnyama olufuna ukuphenduliswa.

Ukungabi namali

Abantu abangamelelwanga ngumthetho basengozini yokuxhatshazwa. Abanini-ndlu, abaqeshi abacalucalucalulo, abaqokeleli bamatyala abaphula umthetho weFair Decle Collection Practices, kwanamaziko karhulumente angafuniyo ukungenelwa anokusebenza ngaphandle kwesohlwayo xa amaxhoba engenazo izinto zokulwa. Awona malungu asengozini ebutho labantu, abantwana abakhulileyo, abantu abaneziphene nabaphambukeli.

Ukungabi Natyala Nokuphelelwa Lithemba

Imithetho yamalungelo abantu yomelele nje njengawo asebenza. Ukuba abophula umthetho bayazi ukuba amaxhoba abo akanakugwetywa okanye angazilungisa iityala zokubolekisa ngemali e-dola, abanasizathu sakwenza utshintsho. Ukumangalelwa nokuchana kwezenzo eziziswe yimibutho yamalungelo abantu kungavelisa utshintsho olubanzi kodwa la matyala abiza imali eninzi kwaye anqabileyo. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo eqinileyo yokunyanzelisa, abadlali abangalunganga abanatyala, kwaye abathathi cala.

Ukunyanzelisa Ukufikelela Kokusesikweni

Ukulungisa umahluko wezobulungisa kufuna indlela edityanisiweyo equka ukusetyenziswa kwemali eninzi, ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo ezintsha, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa ngoorhulumente, iinzuzo, kunye nomthetho wabucala oneziphumo ezinika ithemba.

Ukwandisa uNcedo olungokwasemthethweni neeNkqubo ze-ProBono

Imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni inikela iinkonzo eziyimfuneko kubantu abafumana imali ephantsi, kodwa ijongene nolwanciphiso. I-Urganization Services zezomthetho (LSC) ifumana malunga nezigidi ezingama-500 zezigidi ngonyaka ukusuka kwiKhomishini, ngezantsi kwentswelo. Ulwandiso lorhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nenkxaso-mali yasekuhlaleni yoncedo lwasemthethweni kufuneka ibe yeyona iphambili. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-bar kunye neenkampani zomthetho zingandisa izibophelelo ze-probono kunye nezihlonze ezikhuthazayo. Amanye amaqela aye amkela “ilungelo lokucebisa” imithetho, eninzi kwiimeko ezivaliweyo (umz., iSixeko saseNew York, iSan Francisco, Seattlettle). Le mithetho iqinisekisa igqwethast forfice proced proving, ijonge ngokuphawulekayo ukurhoxakeka kwabantu abaqeshiweyo.

Imfundo yoLuntu kunye noovimba abazincedayo

Ukunika abantu amandla okuqhuba inkqubo yomthetho ngokwabo kusisithintelo esiluncedo. Iinkundla kunye namaqela oncedo olusemthethweni anganika ushicilelo olukhululekileyo, izikhokelo ze-intanethi, kunye neefomu zokudlulisela imiyalelo ngeelwimi ezininzi. Iinkqubo ezifana ne USA.gov uncedo olusemthethweni olukwizibuko[ kunye neziko loncedo lombuso lokuzinceda lodwa lunceda kwiinkqubo zokuphelisa ukhuseleko. Noko ke, ukuzinceda akusilo inxalenye yomelo kwiimeko ezinzima; kufuneka kube yinxalenye yeenkonzo eziqhubekayo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nokuhlaziywa

Ubuxhakaxhaka bungangena kwibala lebhulorho kunye nemali. Ii-plut zoluvo lwezigqibo, imbonakalo yenkundla yenyani, kunye nezigunyazisiweyo zomthetho ze-Al (njengezo zaveliswa LSC] i-Grants yobuxhakaxhaka bobuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka buneenqanawa ))) imiqobo esezantsi ukuze ingene. Ii-apps ze-ebileyo zingakhokela abasebenzisi kwiinkqubo zokuziqubuliso, ziqhagamshelana namagqwetha eekho e-probo, kunye noxwebhu oluzihambela ngokwalo. Ividiyo ivumela abemi basemakhaya ukuba badityale amagqwetha ngaphandle kohambo olude. Kodwa, ukhathale kufuneka luthatyathwele ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezo bugcisa azikhuselwa ngaphandle konikezelo lwe-Inter okanye ubugcisa.

Utshintsho

  • Ukwandiswa kweenkqubo: Imiba emininzi yabemi ingasingathwa ngentlobo ezenziwe lula, imigca emifutshane, kunye nemithetho emifutshane yobuhlobo bomsebenzisi. Amazwe aye azama “utshintsho lobulungisa bemali” ukunciphisa ubuntlola.
  • [[NT.0] Izithinteli-mali zemali zinokutshintsha: Iinkundla zingayihlawulisa irhafu yemali yemali yemali ehlawulwa phantsi, kwaye imirhumo yokuyitshintsha kwimithetho yamalungelo abantu ivumela abalawuli abaxhamlayo ukuba bafumane iindleko zegqwetha kwiqela elichasayo, ukunciphisa ubungozi bemali yokuzidibanisela imali.
  • Amaziko okuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komsebenzi: Izicelo ezifana neKhomishini elinganayo ye-Ofice Opportunity Commission (EOC) neSebe leNguquko yeNdlu yeNdlela ne-Urban Development (HUD) zifuna ubuncwane obuninzi ukuphanda nokuvavanya ucalucalulo.
  • [[Uqokelelo lwe-DATA] kunye nokubonakala ngaphaya: Ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi ngeziphumo zemeko, amanani omelo, kunye nokuzalana kwamanani abantu kungaphawula izinto ezingafaniyo kunye nongenelelo lwexhoba.

Ukubhekisa kwisixhobo sokusebenza somatshini

Amaqumrhu asemthethweni kufuneka ajongene neembono zawo. Uqeqesho olupheleleyo lokucalucalula abagwebi, abasebenzi benkundla, kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho luyisiqalo. Ukuphelisa umsebenzi ongokwasemthethweni. /Ngokokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zophayiphi-moya, iinkcazo, kunye nokuqeshwa okuququlunqayo (ukusetyenziswa) okuyimfuneko ekwakheni ukuthembana nokuphucula izigqibo. Amaqumrhu okuvelela, afana neebhodi zohlolo lwamapolisa, anokunyusa ukuphendula. Okokugqibela, ukuqaphela nokulungisa ukungalungisi kobubulungisa bembali, njengokusetyenziswa koophatho okanye ukuthembeka komhlaba, kungaqalisa ukunyusa umgangatho womdlalo.

Isiphelo

Ukufikelela ngokulinganayo kokusesikweni asiyonto ibalulekileyo kwaye yimbopheleleko yokuziphatha. Ngaphandle kwayo, impumelelo yamalungelo abantu yenkulungwane edluleyo ayiphelelanga, kwaye idinga lokulingana phambi komthetho liyikhaka elifumaneka kuphela kwabambalwa. Imiqobo /izinto zobulungisa, iilwimi, kunye neenkqubo zendalo, kwaye zikho , kodwa azinako ukunqongophala. Ngokunikela uncedo olusemthethweni, ukuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yobugcisa, ukuguqula imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokumelana nekhethe, singakha inkqubo yokusesikweni enceda wonke umntu ngokwenene. Ukulwa kwamalungelo oluntu kuyaqhubeka, kwaye ukufikelela kokusesikweni kumele kuhlale kuphambili kwelo phulo zwano. Wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungubani okanye uphi na apho avela khona, ufanele ukuba abe nosuku lwayo.