Ukwazisa: Isizathu Sokuba Irhafu Ibaluleke Kumntu Wonke

Irhafu asiyombopheleleko nje yemali emiselwe ngurhulumente; ingumsebenzi ophambili webutho labantu abasebenzayo. Indlela nganye, isikolo, izibhedlele, kunye nenkonzo yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke ixhomekeke kwiminikelo edibeneyo yabemi kunye namashishini. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuhlawula irhafu kunceda abantu baqonde ngaphaya komthwalo okhawulezileyo kwaye baqonde indima enkulu abayenzayo ekulondolozeni intlalo-ntle, ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho, inkqubela yesizwe. Oku kuhlola uhlobo lwerhafu, imisebenzi yabo yentlalo, kunye namanyathelo asebenzayo okuthobela imicimbi yabo, kunye nolwamvo lommi onoxanduva.

Yintoni Irhafu?

Irhafu ziinkokhelo zemali ezinyanzeliswa ngurhulumente ngamnye, kwimibutho, nakweminye imibutho. Ziyindlela ephambili oorhulumente abanyusa ngayo ingeniso ukuze baxhase iinkcitho zikawonke-wonke. Irhafu ingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini ezibanzi: irhafu ethe ngqo (njengerhafu ehlawulwayo nerhafu yempahla) kunye nerhafu engangqalanga (njengerhafu nexabiso elithengelweyo). Udidi ngalunye lwerhafu ephambili lungakhutshwanga ukuhlisa ukulingana kwerhafunxana kwerhafu, ngoxa kukhuthazwa ukuhlawula irhafuthelo kunye norhwebo.

Indima Yerhafu Ebutholweni

Irhafu ixhasa isiseko esibalulekileyo sobomi banamhlanje. Ngaphandle kwengeniso yerhafu, oorhulumente abanako ukunika abemi iinkonzo ezixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yabo yonke imihla. Ngeli ngezantsi ziinkalo eziphambili ezixhaswa yirhafu, kunye nomongo owandisiweyo wendlela ngamnye anegalelo ngayo kwintlalo-ntle.

Imfundo

Imfundo kawonke-wonke evela kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi ukuya kwiyunivesithi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwii-dola zerhafu. Imirhumo yerhafu yokufundisa ngerhafu, izibonelelo zesikolo, izinto zokufundisa, kunye neenkqubo zoncedo lwabafundi. Umzekelo, urhulumente we-United States unikezela amawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye kwiSihloko Endinikela ngazo kwizikolo ezifumana imali ephantsi kunye neePall Grants zemfundo ephakamileyo. Iirhafu zemali zemali yemali yezorhwebo zidla ngokuxhasa inkxaso-mali yemali karhulumente, zidala ukwahlukana phakathi kwemimandla etyebileyo namahlwempu .

Impilo

Inkqubo yezempilo kawonke-wonke yerhafu, equka iMedicare, iMedicaid, iNkqubo ye-Inishorensi Yezempilo yaBantwana (CHIP), kunye ne-Veterans Health Administration. Kumazwe amaninzi, ukunyanzeleka kwempilo kuxhaswe ngokupheleleyo ngerhafu. Kwanakwinkqubo yoluntu ezizimeleyo, ukuhlawula irhafu, ukuhlawula irhafu. Iimfekta zoluntu zinceda abantu ngabanye abafumana intlawulo.

Ulawulo

Iindlela, iibhulorho, iinqwelo-moya, amazibuko enqwelo-moya, iinkqubo zamanzi, kunye neenkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke zigcinwa ngerhafu. Imali yemali yokuThembela iNdlela Yomgangatho Ophezulu wase-U.S. Ngokomzekelo, ixhaswa ngerhafu yepetroli kunye neminye intlawulo yomsebenzisi. Izixhobo ezaneleyo zixhasa urhwebo, zinciphisa ixesha lokuhamba, ziphucula umgangatho wobomi. Xa ingeniso yerhafu iwohloka, izibonelelo ziwohloka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zexesha elide le-2006.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nomthetho

ISebe lomlilo, iinkonzo zomlilo, ukuphendula kongxamiseko, kunye nenkqubo yokugweba ixhomekeke kwimali yerhafu. Ezi nkonzo zikhusela ubomi nempahla, imigaqo enyanzeliswayo, nokuqinisekisa okusesikweni. Ii-dola zerhafu zikwaxhasa iintolongo, iinkqubo zokulungisa unyango, kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko neNkcubeko

UKhuseleko loNtlalo-ntle, iingenelo zokungaqeshwa, uncedo, izitembu zokutya (SNAP), kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokhuseleko zixhaswa ngemali ngerhafu. Ezi nkqubo zinciphisa ubuhlwempu, zinceda iintsapho ngexesha lonxunguphalo lwezoqoqosho, zibonelela ngesiseko sokuhambelana noqoqosho oluphezulu. Iingenelo ezingakumbi xa abantu beneemfuno ezisisiseko.

Ukhuselo lwesizwe kunye nokhuselo

Ukulungiselela umkhosi, iingenelo zamagqala, ukhuseleko lomda, kunye nemisebenzi yezorhulumente ixhaswa ngerhafu.

Isizathu Sokuba Kubaluleke Ukuhlawula Irhafu

Ngaphandle kokuthotyelwa ngokusemthethweni, ukuhlawula irhafu kuzalisekisa umsebenzi wesizwe oqinisa idemokhrasi kunye nokuncedisana kwentlalo. Nazi izizathu ezingundoqo zokuba kufike ixesha elifanelekileyo nelichanileyo lokuhlawula irhafu.

Ukukhuthaza Ukulingana Nokunciphisa Ukungalingani

Irhafu ethe rhoqo ihlawuliswa ngokuqokelela ipesenti engaphezulu kwabo banokuyithenga. Le ngeniso isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeempahla zikawonke-wonke neenkonzo ezinceda abemi, ingakumbi abo basengozini. Oku kunciphisa umsantsa phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu kwaye kwenza kubekho uluntu olunobulungisa. Ngaphandle kokuhlawula irhafu, ukungalingani okusebenzayo kukhula, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisiphithiphithi-phithi-phithi nezoqoqosho.

Ukuxhasa ukwanda kwezoqoqosho nokungaguquguquki

Utyalo-mali lwerhafu kawonke-wonke oluvuselela uqoqosho: imisebenzi yezibonelelo ibangela imisebenzi, imfundo yakha abasebenzi abanobuchule, kwaye uphando lunika inkxaso evuselelayo. Ngaphezu koko, izinzisi ezizenzekelayo njenge-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa kunye neenkqubo zentlalo-ntle yoluntu, ezixhaswa yirhafu, ezixhaswayo ngerhafu, ezincedayo ekukhuseleni ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho. I-International Monetary Fund (IMF) kunye [FLT:] nokukhuthaza ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwezentengiso zezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso

I-APP, i-CPF iqinisekisa ukuba

Xa abemi behlawula irhafu, banokufumana ingqwalaselo engqalileyo kwindlela imali yabo esetyenziswa ngayo. Oku kubangela uxinzelelo koorhulumente ukuba babonakale bebalukile, basebenze, baphumele ekufezekiseni imali yabo. Ukuphendula ityala, uphicotho-zincwadi, nokuva iindlebe kwabantu ngokubanzi zizinto eziphuma kulo lwalamano. Ngokuchasene noko, xa ukubhatalwa kwerhafu kuxhaphakile, oorhulumente abakho ngokusemthethweni kwaye isivumelwano sentlalo siyawohloka.

Uphuhliso loLuntu lweFosters

Imisebenzi yerhafu yasekuhlaleni ngqa: iipaki, amathala eencwadi, ukulungiswa kweendlela, iinkqubo zolutsha, kunye nemicimbi yenkcubeko. Ezi zinto ziphucula ubomi kwaye zakha ikomkhulu lentlalo. Izakhono ezibone iinzuzo zemali zerhafu zidla ngokuxhasa iingcebiso zexesha elizayo nokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi bentlalo-ntle.

Imisebenzi

Irhafu ivumela oorhulumente ukuba bakhe iindawo ezigciniweyo baze baphumeze ngokukhawuleza kwiintlekele zemvelo, iindyikitya zokufa, okanye kwiingxaki zezoqoqosho. Urhulumente wase-United States wakwazi ukunikezela izigidi-zigidi zoncedo ngexesha lesifo se-COVID . Ngenxa yokuba kukho irhafu exhasayo. Ngaphandle kokuqokelelwa kwerhafu eqinileyo, iimpendulo zongxamiseko ziyalibaziseka kwaye azisebenzi kakuhle.

Imiphumo Yokungahlawuli Irhafu

Ukusilela ukuhlangabezana nerhafu `nangona kusenziwa ngempazamo, ukuphepha okanye ukuphepha okucacileyo) kubangela iziphumo ezinzulu kubantu nakuluntu ngokubanzi.

Ityala Elisemthethweni Lomntu Ngamnye

Ukuphepha irhafu lulwaphulo-mthetho. Ityala lingaquka ukuhlawuliswa, inzala ngemali engahlawulwayo, ukuthatyathwa kwempahla, nokuvalelwa entolongweni. EUnited States, iSebe LezeNtloko (IIRS) linokumisela izigwebo zobuqhetseba zamakhaya ezimalunga nama-75% zokuhlawulwa ngokuphantsi kwemali, kwaye iinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho zisenokukhokelela kwiminyaka emihlanu entolongweni karhulumente. Ulawulo olufanayo lukho kumazwe amaninzi. Kwanakufakwa okanye ukuhlawulwa ngaphandle kwenjongo yokuphepha izigwebo ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuphulukana neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke kunye nokukhutshwa

Xa abantu abaninzi okanye amashishini bephepha iirhafu, iimali zikarhulumente ziyasilela. Iziphumo zomsantsa woqingqo-mali zinciphisa umahluko kwimfundo, ukunyamekela impilo, iindlela, nokhuseleko. Bonke abo babandezeleka − ngokukodwa abo baxhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke. I-2021 uphando lwe-U.S. ISebe le-Moota yemali [ liqikelela ukuba umsantsa werhafu (umahluko phakathi kwerhafuthelo ehlawulwayo nehlawulwayo) ubiza urhulumente ngaphezu ko-R3 600 amawaka ezigidi ngonyaka, imali enokuthi ngandlel'iimali ekhongongongo.

Ukungakhuselwa kwezoqoqosho nokuncitshiswa kwemali

Ukungahlawuli irhafu okuxhaphakileyo kugqwetha iimarike kwaye kubangela ukuba urhulumente angakwazi ukulawula izoqoqosho.

Ubunzima Obonakeleyo Kubahlawuli Berhafu

Ukuze bahlawule ingeniso elahlekileyo, oorhulumente banganyusa irhafu kwabo bahlawulayo (okanye banciphisa imali echithwayo.) Oku kubangela umjikelo onzima: iqondo eliphezulu likhuthaza ukubhadula okungakumbi, libhekele phambili uxanduva lokuthobela. Ekugqibeleni, abemi abanyanisekileyo bathwale iindleko zokunganyaniseki kwabanye.

Umonakalo Wokuthenjwa Nguwonke Wonke Nomanyano Lwasekuhlaleni

Ukuphepha irhafu kunciphisa ukukholosa ngorhulumente nangabemi abangoowabo. Xa abantu bebona ukuba abanye abahlawuli isabelo sabo esifanelekileyo, abakulungeli ukuthobela. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuthothobeni kokungathobeli, kuthomalalise inkqubo yerhafu nesivumelwano sentlalo.

Ukuphepha Irhafu Nokungahlawuli Irhafu

Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kokuphepha irhafu esemthethweni (ukusebenzisa iindlela ezisemthethweni zokunciphisa irhafu) kunye nokuphepha irhafu okungekho mthethweni (ukuhlawula irhafu okanye ukuhlawuliswa kwerhafu). Ngoxa ukuphepha kuvumelekile, ucwangciso olunzima lokuphepha ludla ngokugada ekuphepheni nokutsala uvavanyo lomthetho. I-OECD’s Baserosion kunye ne-Integer Shifting (EPS) izimisele ukunqanda irhafumfaze iindlela zokuphepha irhafu yamazwe ngamazwe. Ingingi kufuneka ifune icebiso lobuchule lokuhlala ngaphakathi komthetho.

Indlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo Irhafu: Ukuyiqwalasela Ngokusondeleyo

Ingeniso yerhafu inikezelwa kumgangatho owahlukeneyo karhulumente(-"federal, urhulumente, kunye nommandla-ngomnye oneembopheleleko ezahlukeneyo.) Ukuqonda olu lwabilo kunceda abemi babone apho imali yabo ihamba khona kwaye bakhuthaze impikiswano engolwazi ngezinto eziza kuqala.

  • [[NTLA] Ezasemalini: KwiU.S., eyona nkcitho ininzi yemali karhulumente yezokhuseleko loluntu, iMedicaid, ukhuselo lwesizwe, nomdla kwityala lesizwe.
  • Isiko Lokuhlawula: Imali yemali ebonelelwayo yaseStates (K_12 kunye neeyunivesithi zikawonke-wonke), inkxalabo yempilo (iMedicaid), ezothutho (iinqanawa ezihamba kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nothutho), izilungiso, kunye neenkqubo zoncedo lukawonke-wonke. Iirhafu kunye nerhafu yengeniso zizinto ezingundoqo eziphuma kwingeniso.
  • Imali echithwayo esetyenziswa kwindawo esemaphandleni: oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhomekeke kakhulu kwiirhafu zempahla nerhafu yokuthengisa ukuxhasa izikolo, amasebe omlilo, iipaki, amathala eencwadi, kunye nokugcinwa kwesiseko.

Ukuqonda Iintlobo Ezahlukahlukeneyo Zerhafu

Nantsi irhafu eninzi efumaneka kubemi balapho, kuquka indlela ababalwa ngayo nesizathu sokuba zibalulekile.

Irhafu

Irhafu yengeniso ihlawulwa kwimivuzo, imivuzo, inzala, ingeniso, nezinye iintlobo zengeniso. Iinkqubo ezininzi zihambela phambili, yaye amanani asezantsi ayandayo njengoko ingeniso inyuka. E-U.S., irhafu yengeniso karhulumente inezibiyeli ezisixhenxe (ipesenti ukuya ku-33% kwi-2025). Irhafu yengeniso yeRodenti yemali yelizwe iyahluka-hluka-hluka-hluka, ezinye zinexabiso elithe tyaba, ezinye azikhokeli rhafu yerhafu konke konke. Irhafu yowiso (Ukhuseleko loburhulumente kunye neMedicarea) iyahluka ngokoko idla ngokudityaniswa nerhafu yengeniso.

Irhafu

Irhafu ethengiswayo yirhafu esetyenziswa xa kuthengiswa iimpahla neenkonzo. E-U.S., amanani asuka kwi-0% (amazwe athile) ukuya kwi-10% kwizixeko ezithile. Iirhafu zidla ngokubuyiselwa kuba iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi zichitha ipesenti ephezulu yengeniso yazo kwizinto ezinokuhlawuliswa. Imithetho emininzi ikhulula iimfuno ezifana nokutya nonyango.

Irhafu Yempahla

Irhafu yempahla ihlawulwa kwixabiso layo lemali. Yingeniso engundoqo kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni nakwizikolo. Amagunya asekuhlaleni ayahlukahluka kwaye irhafu yempahla iyahluka-hluka kwaye ibekwa ngabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni. Intengo idla ngokusebenza kwizindlu eziphambili, amagqala, nangaphezulu. Iirhafu zempahla eziphezulu zingakhokelela ekushenxiswani kwemimandla eqelezelekileyo.

Irhafu

Irhafu yengeniso ibekwa kwingeniso yemibutho. E-U.S., umlinganiselo werhafu yequmrhu lengingqi usisicaba 21% (emva koMthetho ka-2017 WokuTshafu noMthendeleko). Ama-United States angadibanisa eyawo irhafu yeshishini. Irhafu yerhafu yerhafu elungiselelwe urhulumente jikelele, kodwa ukuhambela phambili kwerhafu kuxutyushwa ````ekungameleniyo)]

Ikomkhulu Lifumana Irhafu

Ingeniso yerhafu yekomkhulu iyasebenza kwingeniso yemali ethengiswayo elungiselelwe ukuveliswa kweemali, njengemiqathango, amaqhina, kunye nendawo. Ingeniso zeRoundterter (ii-asethi ezigcinwe ixesha elingaphezu konyaka) zihlawulwa ngokwexabiso elikhethekayo (0%, 15%, okanye 20%) e-U. olu nyango lukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemali kodwa lukwanceda iintsapho ezityebileyo.

Ukugxothwa kwerhafu nomthetho

Iirhafu ezithe ngqo zisetyenziswa kwiimpahla ezifana nepetroli, utywala, icuba, nemipu. Zisoloko zenzelwe ukudimaza ukusetyenziswa (irhafu yesono) okanye ukuxhasa iinkqubo ezinxulumene neenkqubo (umz., intlawulo yemali esetyenziswa egxalabeni). Iitapigsta ziirhafu kwimpahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe, ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ushishino lwasekhaya okanye ukuvelisa ingeniso.

Indlela Yokuqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa: Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kubemi

Ngokusebenzisa imikhwa emihle nokusebenzisa izinto ezikhoyo, abemi banokuyiphumeza ngokuzithemba imbopheleleko yabo.

Hlala Uwazi Umthetho Werhafu

Imithetho yerhafu iguquka rhoqo ngenxa yomthetho, uhlenga-hlengiso, kunye nezigwebo zenkundla. Zibophelele ukuhlaziya ukusuka kwi-IRS okanye kwigunya lerhafu lelizwe lakho. Umzekelo, i-IRS ipapasha iKhokelo yerhafu yeshishini elincinane kwaye isoloko ichaza iinguqu. Iziguqu-guqulo ezinkulu zerhafu . Zinje ngo 2017 Cutss neScoms Centress noMthetho .

Gcina Iingxelo Ezichanileyo Nezilungelelanisiweyo

Gcina ii-lisithi, ii-invoice, iingxelo zebhanki, kunye namaxwebhu ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu (okanye mide kwizinto ezithile). Izixhobo zamanani ezifana ne-software yokunika ingxelo, izakhelo zekhompyutha, okanye ii-apps (umz., ii-Pixeck Books, i-Ave) zilula ukulandelela. Ukuba uqesha ii-ofisi zakho okanye unengeniso yokuqesha, ukugcina ingxelo ngononophelo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa iincopho.

Ifayile ngexesha kwaye uhlawule ukuba kuyimfuneko

Ifayile yakho ibuya ngexesha elimiselweyo (ngokomhla wesihlanu ku-U.S.) nokuba ungakwazi ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo. Ukuqhutyelwa ulwandiso kukunika iinyanga ezintandathu ngaphezulu kwifayile, kodwa hayi ukuhlawula. Ukuba ulindele ukuhlawula ngaphezu kwe R1, yenza ityala eliqikelelwa kwikota ukuphepha izigwebo ezihlawulwa ngaphantsi kwemali. I-IRS inikeza iForm 104076ES ngenxa yale njongo.

Funa Uncedo Loogqirha Xa Lufuneka

Iingcali zerhafu (CP, amagqwetha abhaliswe, okanye amagqwetha erhafu) anokunceda kwiimeko ezinzima: ingeniso yehlabathi, ukuba neshishini, ukuzuza utyalo-mali, ilifa, kunye nokuphicotha ngee-arhente. I-IRS igcina irekhodi yezifundiswa zerhafu. Abaninzi abahlawulwa ngerhafu abaphantsi bafanelekela uncedo ngesisa ngenkqubo ye-Incowarive Inhome Taxial Transformation (VITA).

Ukusebenzisa Urhulumente Nezibonelelo ze-intanethi

I-website ye- inika iifomu zerhafu, imiyalelo, iimpapasho, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenzisana ezifana nesithi “Yiyiphi iNjongo Yam?”. Amasebe amaninzi emali yemali yephondo aneendawo ezifanayo. [ ECD amaphepha erhafu [ anika uthelekiso lwehlabathi lonke kunye nokhokelo lwamazwe ngamazwe ahlukahlukeneyo.

Sebenzisa Ubuxhakaxhaka Bezobugcisa Ukuze Kube Nengenelo

I-software yokulungiselela irhafu (umz., TurboTax, H&R Block, i-Taxislayer) ikukhokela kumaxesha aqhelekileyo kunye neempazamo. Inkqubo ye-IRS Free File inika ijelo lorhulumente elikhululekileyo kubantu abafumana ingeniso ngezantsi komda othile. I-electronetic seaption inciphisa iimpazamo kwaye ikhawulezise ii-rends.

Isiphelo: Isivumelwano Sombutho Werhafu

Ukuhlawula irhafu kungaphezulu kakhulu kunemfuneko esemthethweni, kwaye kuyindlela esisiseko yokubonakalisa imbopheleleko ehlangeneyo. Irhafu nganye ifak' isandla kwimfundo, kwimpilo, kukhuseleko, nakwizibonelelo ezenza ukuba impucuko ikwazi ukufumaneka. Xa abemi beyiqonda indlela esebenza ngayo irhafu, indlela esetyenziswa ngayo, nemiphumo yokungabhaptiza, basenokuyijonga irhafu njengendlela yokudibanisa imicimbi kunokuba bajongene noxanduva. Ngokuhlala benolwazi, begcina iingxelo ezichanekileyo, kunye neembopheleleko zokuhlangabezana ngexesha, ngamnye wethu unceda alondoloze uluntu kwaye agcine ukuthembana kwabo.