Ukubaluleka kokuthunyelwa kwencwadi: Ukwenza Ukhetho Lufikeleleke

Uvota lwaliwe luye lwatshintsha ukusuka kwindawo ekhoyo ukuya kwimbombo yedemokhrasi. Ngokuvumela abemi ukuba baphose iibhola ngaphandle kokutyelela indawo yokuvota ephathekayo ngoSuku lokhetho, iibhulorho ezingekhoyo ezinzima ekufumanekeni. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, isabelo sabavoti abasebenzisa iibhola ezingekhoyo zombutho. Oku kugxininisa inyaniso engundoqo: unyulo olungundoqo xa bonke abavoti abafanelekileyo benokuthatha inxaxheba, kungakhathaliseki impilo, ucwangciso lwe-modyuliothi. Eli nqaku lihlola ukubaluleka kobucala, ngokweengenelo lwe-'.

Kuyintoni Ukungasamkeli Imveliso?

Uvota lwe-abresee kubhekisa kwinkqubo apho abavoti befaka khona iibhola zabo phambi koSuku loNnyulo ngaphandle kokubakho ngokoqobo kwisikhululo sabo esimiselweyo. Ibinzana lokuqala elisetyenziswayo kumsebenzi womkhosi obekwe kude nekhaya, kodwa ngoku lidibanisa umgama omninzi weemeko. Ngelixesha besebenzisa ijelo elingumfuziselo lovota [[FLT:]] iposi [[FLT]], uvota ongaphandle kombutho [onke] lungaquka zombini ii-posi-i-i-ibholoti kunye novota kwasekuqaleni kwindawo ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo. Amanye amazwe ahlula phakathi "no-excuse" ukuvota i-bolot-eno-equator" ekhuphiweyo (imele inike isizathu esisebenzayo sokuvota okuzi, okanye ukurhoxabana okufanelekileyo).

Iimpawu Ezingundoqo

  • Inxaxheba ekhoyo i-[FLT:] iibhola zebhola zilahlwa kude kwisakhiwo esibekiweyo sovoti.
  • [[Ulwahlulo: 0] uthambeko lokutshintsha: Ivota zingagqiba kwaye zibuyisele iibhasothi zentsuku okanye iiveki phambi koSuku lokhetho.
  • Iindlela zokuhambisa ezivaliweyo: Ballots zingathunyelwa, zihliswe kwiibhokisi ezikhuselekileyo, okanye zibuyiselwe ngomntu ngamnye kwii-ofisi zonyulo.

Indaleko Yembali Yokungavunyelwa

Imvelaphi yokungahambi kovotelo ibuyela kwiriphabliki yokuqala, kodwa uhlobo lwayo lwangoku lwavela kwimfuno yomkhosi. Ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya yaseMerika, amazwe amaninzi akhupha imithetho evumela amajoni ukuba avote ngeposi evela kwidabi. Lo mkhwa wavuma ukuba abo babelwela i-Union babefanele ukukhupha ilizwi ekukhetheni iinkokeli zabo. NgeMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ukurhoxa kwabasebenzi basemkhosini kwaba yimfuno esezantsi. Inkonzo yowe-19444 iReaplument Act (GI Bill) ikhusela ngokubheke phambili ukwenzela ukuba amalungu enkonzo arhoxile. Emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi II, ngokuthe ngcembe ithetha ukuba abahambi be-mkhosi bangayi emkhosini, okokuqala kwasebe nabakhulile nabakhubazekile, ngoko abahambi kunye nabafundi.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwabonwa ulwando oluzinzileyo. IKhalifoniya yaba ngurhulumente wokuqala ukunikezela ngo-exexes yokuvota ngo-1978. Ngo-2020, 34 yamazwe kunye neSithili saseColumbia zavumela nabani na obhaptizi ukuba acele ivoti engekhoyo ukuba ikhutshelwe ibhoti ngaphandle kokunika ingxengxezo, ngokutsho kwe iNgqungquthela yesizwe yeSizwe yoMgaqo-mthetho we-Legislatures. I-CHOVID-19 kakhadizz ephambili kwimbali yokuvota engaphandle, njengoko kuchazwa izicwangciso eziphothobayo zokunciphisa ukhuthulo. Eli xesha labonisa zombini ii-Scance kunye nee-vlabelties zovotary zenkqubo zokuvota.

Iintlobo zoMsebenzi

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvota zifeza iimfuno ezahlukeneyo yaye zibangela iingxaki ezingafaniyo zokusebenza.

I-imeyile- Kwibhola Ekhutshwayo

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo: ivoti icela ivoti, iyamkela ngeposi, igqibeze, kwaye uyibuyisele ngenkonzo yeposi okanye ngebhokisi yokulahla. Ukhuseleko luquka utyikityo, ukulandelela ibarcode, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko. Ezinye iingxelo ngokuzenzekelayo kwivoti ezibhalisiweyo (ngeposi- yomhlaba wonke), ngelixa ezinye zifuna isicelo sokhetho.

Ukusebenza nge-Person bresee

Abavoti batyelela iofisi yonyulo okanye indawo yesatellite phambi koSuku lokhetho, gqiba ivoti kwi-siteyithi, uyithumele ngoko nangoko. Le ndlela idibanisa ubulula bokuvota kwangoko kunye nemigaqo yokuthembeka yokuvota okungajongwanga.

Imisebenzi ye-elgratice

Ezinye iindawo zivumela abavoti abaneziphene okanye abasebenzi bomkhosi baphesheya ukuba babuyisele iibhola ngefax, i-imeyili, okanye i-amazibuko akhuselekileyo kwi-intanethi. Ngelixesha kufanelekile, usasazo lwe-elektroniki lunyusa inkxalabo yekhompyutha kwaye lusetyenziswa njengendawo yokugqibela yokukhetha. Umthetho uFaceral Iprogrammenting Transport [ unika imigaqo yeyunithi kunye nevoti ezisetyenziswa phesheya kolwandle.

Iingenelo Zokuthunyelwa Kwezi zigidimi

Ukuvota okungavunyelwanga kuzisa inkqubela ebonakalayo kwimibandela yedemokhrasi nokungavisisani.

I-Specular

Uphando olusoloko ludibanisa ukurhoxa kovotelo olufikelelekayo olufumanekayo. Uhlolisiso lwango-2018 kwiYunivesithi yaseKhalifoniya, iBerkeley yafumanisa ukuba amagunya angekhoyo ekuvoteni anyuka ngamanqaku amathathu ukuya kwamahlanu athelekiswa namazwe afuna ingcebiso. Ngexesha lonyulo lwama-2020, amaphondo ngokuvota kwe-posi jikelele aye ajika-jike ka-avareji 8.5% kunemithetho engqongqo, ngokutsho kwe- uhlalulelo lwe-National Vote kwiNtute kwiNtutment[[FFLT:1]]

Ukuxakeka Kwabemi Abanokungabi Nangxaki

Uvota olugunyazisiweyo lususa imiqobo ekhoyo emzimbeni nasemzimbeni echaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa abantu abakhulileyo, abantu abaneziphene, amabhinqa akhulelweyo, abasebenzi abasebenza ngezithuba ezikude, kunye nabemi basemaphandleni abahamba imigama emide ukuya kwiindawo zokukrola. Kubo banezifo ezingapheliyo okanye abanengxaki yokuhamba, ukulinda belinde ngaphaya kwendlela akunto inzima.

Uxinezeleko Losuku Lokhetho Oluncitshisiweyo

Abavoti bangahlola izinto zokuvota ekhaya, abaphandi kunye neenkupho ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwexesha, kwaye babuyisele ivoti ekulungelweni kwabo. Oku kuthamba kunciphisa ixhala kubavoti kwaye kunciphisa ukuminyana kwendawo yokuvota, kukhokelela kwimigca emifutshane kubavoti abatshayo.

Isiphumo-

Ngoxa ukuphunyezwa kokuqala kudinga utyalo-mali kwinkqubo yokurhoxisa, imfundo, kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa, uphando olude oluvela kumaphondo afana neColorado lubonisa ukuba ukuvota jikelele kunciphisa iindleko zemali zemali yelothe nganye ngokunciphisa imfuneko yabasebenzi bengingqi, ukuhlawulwa kwesakhiwo, kunye noomatshini bokuvota.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Ngenxa Yokungamthandi Umntwana

Akukho ndlela yokukhetha engenakuthintelwa, ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ukuze abantu bahlale bethembana.

Ukudideka Kwezinto Ezininzi Nemiqobo Yemfundo

Abavoti abaninzi abaqinisekanga ngendlela yokucela ibhoti yokurhoxa, ukuba kusetyenziswa mini na, okanye indlela yokuzalisa ngokufanelekileyo nokubuyisela ivoti. Uhlolisiso lwama-2022 olusuka kwiZiko loPuw Research lwafumanisa ukuba i-18% yabavoti ababhalisweyo abafuna ukuvota abaphoswe lixesha ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi. Ngokucacileyo, unxibelelwano olusuka kumagosa onyulo lubalulekile ukuthintela ukurhoxiswa konyulo.

Ukhuseleko Lobusela Nenkxalabo Yobuqhophololo

Nangona uphando lubonisa ukuba urhwaphilizo lomvoti lunqabile kakhulu .Nkqubela iBrennan Center yeJaji ifumene amaqondo okuqhatha phakathi ko 0.00004% kunye 0.09% yamavoti aphoswe `iimfuno ezithe rhoqo. Iimpazamo zoqinisekiso zingasusa imigaqo-nkqubo yotyikityo, i-factory etyikityayo etshintshayo kwixesha ngenxa yobudala, ukukhubazeka okanye ukungahambi kakuhle. Ibhola yeposi inokuba isengozini yokuba yibhokisi yeposi, nangona iziganeko ezinjalo zihlala zingaqhelekanga. Robhust umxokelelwa-o-o-o-oooofele-omfo, imvulo-e, kunye nezixobo zokulungisa imigca, kunye nezixobo ezigcina imikhondo zinceda ukukhulula ezi ngxaki.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika

Ukuvota okugunyazisiweyo kuye kwaba yindawo yokuthomalalisa abathathi-nxaxheba. Amanye amaphondo aye amisela imithetho engqongqo efuna i-ID, evala ukuphosa iibhokisi, okanye enciphisa ixesha elivunyelweyo lokucela nokubuyisela iibhoti ezingekhoyo. La manyathelo anokunciphisa ukufikelela kwaye ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto achaphazela amaqela amancinane, abafundi, kunye nabavoti abahlawulwayo abaphantsi. Amada asemthethweni phezu kwemithetho enjalo ayaqhubeka kwiinkundla kulo lonke ilizwe.

Ubuntlola Bobuchule

Ilungiselela izigidi zezixhobo zokuvota kwimiqathango enzima yee-ofisi zokhetho. Abakhululi kufuneka bavule iimvulophu, baqinisekise intswana, izityikitya zecangci, kwaye bazibale ngokunjalo-ngokunjalo xa besebenza kwivota. Imali engopheleyo, ngaphantsi kwe-staff, kunye nezixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha zingalibazisa iziphumo nokungathembana kwesibaso. Amazwe afaka imali kwimvulophu ephezulu evula imigca kunye nee scanners zekhowudi, njengoko iColorado ne U6 zenze, inkqubo ye-boloradoota elungisa i-eboloti zeposi ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.

Umhlaba osemthethweni nowolawulo

Uvotelo lwe-bobree lulawulwa ngumsebenzi wemithetho karhulumente edityanisiweyo, ukhokelo, kunye nezigwebo zenkundla. UmGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. unika igunya eliyintloko kulawulo lonyulo, elikhokelela kukwahluka okubanzi. Umzekelo, amatyala angama-36 afuna uhlobo oluthile lwe-ID kwizicelo zovoti ze-bolleeeas, ngeli lixa eli-14 lingafuni. Uluvoteko lokwenza uthelekiso lwe-computer luyehlukene; amanye axhomekeke kubahloli-mfo abaqeqeshiweyo babantu. Ngo-2021 kunye no-20222, ubuncinane, amaziko ali-19 amisela imithetho engqongqo yokurhoxa izicelo, kuquka ukuphosa iibhokisi, ukungafuni kuhlaziswe, okanye ukubuya. Ngelixesha eliqhelekileyo, ukufikelela okusisigxina kokwenza imithetho ye-COVID-oda-opera.

Amatyala angundoqo enkundla alolonga ukuvota okungekhoyo. Ityala [[FLT:] 2020 yesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo kwi- iKomiti yeSizwe yeDemocratic v. Wisconsin State Legislature livumele ukunikwa ixesha elandisiweyo lokufumana i-filtertisiti yemali ngexesha lobulwelo ngexesha lobhubhisi. Ityala Ricardson v. Unobhala weSizwe [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [20020]) wathetha ngemicimbi yezonyango eyimfihlo efuna iimfuno ze-opolotho ezingekhoyo.

Izenzo Ezisemgangathweni Kwamagosa Okhetho

Ukuze baphucule iingenelo baze banciphise ubungozi bokungavoti, abalawuli bonyulo kufuneka bamkele izenzo ezisekelwe kubungqina.

Unxibelelwano oluFikelelekayo, Olucacileyo

Nika imiyalelo ngenyathelo kulwimi oluninzi neefomati (ukushicilela, kwi-intanethi, kwividiyo). Sebenzisa ulwimi olucacileyo ukuchaza ixesha elifanelekileyo, izizathu ezamkelekileyo zokurhoxa kovoti (ukuba kufuneka), nendlela yokulandelela imo yokuvota. Usebenzisana nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ukufikelela kwimbali engaphantsi kwamaqela akhoyo.

Isicelo esinemigca enqamlezileyo kunye neNkqubo yokubuya

Nika ii-ports zesicelo soshicilelo kwi-intanethi ezihambelana nee-data zobhaliso zezwe. Vumela abavoti ukuba babuyisele iibhola ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuhambisa iibhokisi zophoso, iposi ehlawulwayo, okanye kwi-person kwii-ofisi zephondo. Qinisekisa ukuba ulahla iibhokisi zilula, zikhondwe, kwaye zifumaneke 24/7 ngexesha lovota. Susa amanyathelo angeyomfuneko afana nokungabhaliswa kwevoti yoninzi lwabavoti, achaza njengo California noVermont okwenze ukunciphisa imiqobo.

Amanyathelo Okhuseleko Oluphangiweyo

Ukuphumeza utyikityo loqinisekiso lobunyani bomntu ngokuhlola ukungqubana. Sebenzisa iibharikhodi kunye neenkqubo zokulandelela ezivumela abavoti baqinisekise xa ivoti yabo ishicilelwa, iposi, yamkelwe, kwaye ibaliwe. Ii-Picodes zoNyaka zasemva koHlalu lwabiwo-manani eziquka ukuthelekiswa kokungabikho komsebenzi kunye neebhola ezikwi-person. I-Bipartisan ujongo lwendlela yokulungisa ibhola, njengoko kufunwa ngumthetho kumacandelo afana neColorado, yakha ukholo lukawonke-wonke.

Inkqubo yokungena neyokufundisa

Iphulo lokuqalisa elithetha ngeentsomi eziqhelekileyo malunga nokuvota okungekhoyo. bonelela iibhola kunye nemiyalelo ngaphambi koSuku lokhetho. Kubemi abanezinto zokufunda nokubhala eziphantsi okanye abakhubazekileyo, banika izixhobo zekhompyutha ezifikelelekayo zokuphawula okanye uncedo kwimimandla efikelelekayo. [[FLT: 0]AC abavoti bangaphandle abanikeli bezinto [ banika abasemagunyeni

Imali eyaneleyo

Amaziko aneleyo akangeni. Ingqungquthela ibeke imali ngoMthetho woncedo waseMelika Vote kunye neendleko zoncedo ezilandelayo ze-COVOVAD, kodwa urhulumente neminikelo yasekuhlaleni azilingani. Amagosa kufuneka akhuthaze izabelo zoqingqo-mali ezigquma ushicilelo, iiposi, ukugcina okukhuselekileyo, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo. Ii-ofisi zonyulo ezingekhoyo ngokukhawuleza nangeempazamo ezimbalwa.

Indima yobuxhakaxhaka Ekusebenzeni

Ubuxhakaxhaka bungaphucula kwaye bubangele ukuba kungabikho ukuvota. Iisicelo somvoti esingaphakathi siye sabonakala jikelele, sinciphisa amaphepha neempazamo. Ukuhanjiswa kwebhola yombane kuqhelekile phesheya nakumkhosi, nangona imiba yokhuseleko ilinganisela ukwanda kwayo kuvoti bekhaya. Ezinye izakhiwo ziye zazama ukuvavanya iinkqubo zokuvota ezisekelwe kwibloko yokuvota, ukunqanda okungabhaliswanga kunye nokubhalisa. Nangona, iinkcubeko zekhompyutha zihlala zingathandabuzisi: umngcipheko wokwahlulwa kwe-okanye-okanye-okanye, i-ama-ama-vareyi, kwaye ngaphakathi kwenza ukuvota okuvota okuphezulu kwe-riski kuneposi okanye iindlela zokhetho. Uvumeno lwezingcaciso lungaphucula i-zixhobo zokhetho [FL: 0] iprojectivesting [FFFod]

Ubugcisa bobungqina bujikeleza. Ubungqina be-biometric bungqinelana nomfanekiso womvoti ozifaka wona nomfanekiso ofakiweyo) buvavanywa kwiinkqubo zomqhubi wenqwelo-moya ezikwimimandla enjengeNtshona Virginia. Ngoxa zithembisa, ezi ndlela ziphakamisa amaxhala obuqu kwaye mazisetyenziswe ngokhuseleko logcino-lwazi olunamandla. Indlela elungeleleneyo yokuzikhusela ngaphandle kokunikezela ukufumaneka; umzekelo, ukuvumela ivoti ukuba icele iibhola zombhexi ezingekhoyo kwi-intanethi kodwa ezifuna ukuba zibuyise i-colot ephathekayo.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngemisebenzi Engavunyelwanga

Uvoto lwe-abree asilololo lwaseMelika kuphela. Iintlanga ehlabathini lonke ziye zamkela imodeli ezahlukahlukeneyo. I-Switzerland inike uvotelo lweposi kwilizwe lonke ukususela ngo-1970, kwaye umvoti apho wanda kakhulu emva kokuzalisekisa. E-Estonia, abavoti bangaphosa ibhola ngekhompyutha kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-ID yesizwe; ukususela ngo-2005, ukuvelisa i-evoti kukhule ukumele phantse isiqingatha sayo yonke imivoti kunyulo. Le nkqubo isebenzisa ukuqulu-ukukhuphela ekupheleni kwaye ivumela ukuqinisekisa ukuvota kwabo ngekhompyutha ephathwayo. Ngoko ke, inani elincinane labemi base Estonia kunye ne-Inter Internet likhulu inani eliqhelekileyo lemodeli, elizintlobo-odeficeke kakhulu.

EKhanada, ukuvota okungekhoyo kufumaneka kubo bonke abemi ngeposi ebhalisweyo, kodwa abavoti phesheya kwelizwe bahlala besezantsi ngenxa yeengxaki zokubhalisa. I-Australia ivumela ukuvota ngeposi kwabo bangakwaziyo ukuya, kodwa ukuvota okunyanzelisayo kudala izisusa ezahlukeneyo. Amazwe afana ne-United Kingdom neJamani anikela uvotelo ngokufumana imvume ephezulu. Obu bungqina bubonisa ukuba ukurhoxa kovota akukuthobeli ngokupheleleyo ukuthembeka kokhetho olusemthethweni; kunoko, ukukholosa ngemithetho ecacileyo, i-bipartarian, kunye nemfundo yovoti.

Ikamva Lokungasasebenzi

Umgaqo wokurhoxa kovotelo olungekhoyo kwicala elibheke phambili nolungiso. Isifo se-COVOVID-19 sabonisa ukuba ukuvota iposi ngesikali esikhulu kuyasebenza; irejista yamazwe anezixokelelwano ezinamandla phambi kokuba 2020 alungiselele imiqulu emikhulu ngeengxaki ezincinane. IPost-pandemic, amanye amazwe anjengo Nevada noVermont aye ashukuma kuvotelwa iposi epheleleyo, ngelinye ixesha ezinye ziye zabuyela kwimigaqo engqongqo engakumbi. Umsebenzi obangelwa kukufikelela unikezelo uqhubekeka, uqhutywa ziimeko zezobupolitika nezobucukume.

Iprojekthi yokudibanisa iprojekti iquka "iimodeli ze-hybrid" ezidibanisa iposi ezenzekelayo ethunyelwayo kunye ne-oksijini eqinileyo kumaziko okuvota kwangoko. Ubugcisa obungcono kuphawu lwendlela ekude (izixhobo ze elektroniki ezinokushicilelwa kwiphepha) zinokuvala isithuba sabavoti abakhubazekileyo abakhubazekileyo abakhubazekileyo. Iinkqubo zokuthumela ii-imeyili ezinika umbhalo okanye izaziso ze-imeyili kuzo zonke inyathelo zinganciphisa ukulahleka kwebhola zebhola kunye nokwandisa ukuthembeka. Ekugqibeleni, ukuqhubeka nophando olukhuselekileyo kwi-intanethi (njenge Iqela lezinto ezishicinezelelwe kwi Foundation [FLD:1] umsebenzi kumngcipheko- umbathi lwemingeni oluthe ngqo.

Isiphelo

Ukuvota okungekhoyo akuyonto iluncedo nje kuphela; kuyindlela esisiseko yokuphakamisa umgaqo wedemokhrasi wokuba wonke ummi ofanelekileyo afanele abe nethuba elinentsingiselo lokuvota. Ngokususa imiqobo enxulumene nendawo, impilo, umsebenzi, kunye nokukhubazeka, ukurhoxa kovota kokwenza ukuba kubekho okukhethiweyo kwaye kukhulise ukufaneleka kweziphumo. Noko ke, ukukuqonda ngokupheleleyo okufunekayo kufuna ukuhlala ucoselelo olucacileyo: unxibelelwano olucacileyo, ukhuseleko oluqinileyo, inkxaso eyaneleyo, inkxaso epheleleyo enxulumene nemeko-yokungameleni. Njengoko i-United States kunye nezinye i-democracracta iqhubeka icoca iinkqubo zayo ezikhethiweyo, ukungekho kwezixhobo zokuvota, kuya kuhlala kusesona sixhobo esibalulekileyo ukuze abantu basebenzise ilungelo labo lokuvota, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zabo zihambe kakuhle ngoSuku lokhetho. Injongo ayiko nje ukwenza lula kodwa iya kuba lula ukuvota, ngaphandle kokwanelwa kwengqibelelo.