Table of Contents
Indima ephambili yenkqubo yoluvo-yiposi ngexesha lezongxamiseko zempilo yoluntu
Xa kufikelelwa amanqam empilo kawonke-wonke, ilungelo elisisiseko lokuvota lijongene nocelomngeni olungathethekiyo. Ngexesha lezifo ezimandundu nezinye iindlela zonyango, iindlela zokuvota eziqhelekileyo zingaguqula izitishi zokuvota zibe ngamachaphaza ashushu anokwenzeka, zidala imfazwe eyingozi phakathi komsebenzi woluntu nokhuseleko lomntu ngamnye. Iinkqubo ze-Vote-emeter zivele njengesisombululo esibalulekileyo esikhusela inxaxheba yedemokhrasi kunye nempilo kawonke wonke, zinika imvume ekhuselekileyo yokusebenzisa amalungelo azo omgaqo-siseko ngaphandle kokuchachacha kwizifo ezasulelayo.
Unyulo lwama-2020 lubonise ukubaluleka kokuvota iposi ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, nama-32 ekhulwini abavoti abakhetha ukuphosa ibhola zabo ngolu hlobo kunyulo lwama-2022, nasemva kokuba imiqathango yezifo incitshisiwe. Ngexesha lonyulo lwama-202020, iibhola zeposi eziquke ama- 43% okujika, zibonisa indlela ama-Melika akhawuleza ayivumela ngayo le ndlela yokuvota xa impilo yawo yayisesibondeni. Olu tshintsho oluphawulekayo lwalungeyompendulo nje yexeshana.
Unyuso lwevoti ngeposi ngexesha lobhubhani lungqine ukuba unyulo lungaqhubekeka ngokukhuselekileyo nangokhuseleko kwanaphakathi kwezona meko zinzima. Indlela ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo yokuvota kwingxolo yevoti yiposi, ngokweengxelo evela kwi Brookings Institution. Olu gqinglu luqinisekisiwe ngezigidi zamavoti aphumeleleyo afakwe kwimijikelo yonyulo yakutshanje, ebonisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwempilo kawonke-wonke kunye nengqibelelo yonyulo lungahlala kunye ngemvisiganano.
Ukuqonda Iinkqubo zolwimi nge-imeyili: Imbali Nenkqubo Ye-Evolution
Ukuvote-posi ikude kwingcamango yentsha kulawulo-lwazi lwaseMelika. Lo mkhwa usukela emva kwimfazwe yabemi, xa amajoni anikwa ithuba lokuvota kwidabi lemfazwe. Lo mzekelo wembali wamisela umgaqo obalulekileyo: xa iimeko zithintela abemi ekuvoteleni umntu, ezinye iindlela kufuneka zifumaneke ukugcina amalungelo abo edemokhrasi.
Kumashumi eminyaka, ukuvota okungekhoyo kwanwenwa ngokuthe ngcembe nangaphezulu kunabantu basemkhosini, kuquke amanye amaqela ajongene nothintelo ekuvotelweni. Ukusetyenziswa kwawo umkhosi kwanwenwenwela kubemi baseMerika abahlala okanye abahamba phesheya kwelizwe ngexesha lonyulo, abalupheleyo, abagulayo, okanye abakhubazekileyo, abafundi abafunda ekholeji kwelinye ilizwe, kwaye nabani na onezi meko ezibangela ukuba umntu avote ngokungenakukwazi ukuvota. Oku kwandisa kwabangela ukuba i-oventi yeposi isetyenziswe kakhulu ngexesha lobhatalo.
Utshintsho lwePandemic-Era
Amaphondo amaninzi atshintsha okwexeshana imithetho yawo engekhoyo/iposi yokukhupha unikezelo oluphezulu lokuvota iposi ngexesha lesifo se-COVOID-19, eqonda imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokukhusela abavoti ekuchaphazeleni kwentsholongwane. California, D.C., Nevada, New Jersey, kunye neVermont eposwe ngeposi kubo bonke abavoti ngo-202020, njengotshintsho olunxulumene ne-COVOVID, ngelixa amazwe amaninzi enza utshintsho olusisigxina kwindlela yawo yokuvota.
Ngo-2024, amaphondo asibhozo (iCalifornia, i-Colorado, i-Hawaii, i-Nevada, i-Oregon, i-Utah, i-Vermont kunye neWashington) aqhuba unyulo ngokupheleleyo ngeposi. La maphondo abonise ukuba ukuvota iposi jikelele kusebenza ngokunempumelelo njengendlela ephambili yokufaka iibhola zokudlala, ukunika imizekelo eluncedo kwezinye iindlela zokulawula eziqwalasela iinkqubo ezifanayo.
Ukwanda okukhawulezileyo okukhoyo okusele kusenziwa. Unyulo lwento yonke ekuvoteleni phambi kosuku lonyulo ukususela ngo-2016 ukuya ku-202020 lwaqhutywa kakhulu kukusetyenziswa okunyuliweyo kovoti, nomlinganiselo wamavoti aphoswa ngeposi phantse ukuba aphindeke kabini phakathi konyulo jikelele luka 2016 no-2020. Ngoxa amaqondo okuvota ngeposi ehlile ngandlel'othile kwincopho yabo yama-20, ahlala ephezulu kakhulu kunomgangatho wangaphambi kwepandemiki, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba abavoti abaninzi baye bamkela le ndlela ngokusisigxina.
Iingenelo ezizizo zooVote-by-mails Iinkqubo ngexesha lobugcisa
Ukuphelisa Unxibelelwano Lomzimba Nokunciphisa Izifo
Eyona nzuzo ikhawulezileyo yevoti ngexesha lezifo ezigqumayo kukupheliswa kweendawo zokutyela ezixineneyo apho kunokwenzeka khona ngokukhawuleza. Ukuvota okuqhelekileyo kufuna abemi bahlanganiselwe kwiindawo ezivalekileyo, ngokufuthi bame kwimigca emide, bachukumisa imimandla eyahlukeneyo, basebenzisane nabasebenzi bokuvota kunye nabanye abavoti. Ngexesha lesifo, intlalo nganye imela isiganeko esinokwenzeka sokudlulisela.
Uvota lweposi bususa ngokupheleleyo obu mngcipheko ngokuvumela abavoti ukuba bagqibe amavoti abo kukhuseleko lwamakhaya abo. Akukho mfuneko yokuya kwiindawo zokuvota, kungekho layini yokulinda nabanye abantu, kwaye akukho kuphatha izixhobo ezihlukeneyo njengoomatshini bokuvota okanye iipeni. Oku kuzikhetha kwimimandla enokuba kukubhexeshwa kwenza ukuba ukhetho olukhuselekileyo olukhoyo ngexesha longxamiseko yezempilo luvotelwe.
Ukubaluleka koku yingenelo kwacaca kakhulu ebudeni bonyulo lwama-2020. Inkxalabo ngokubanjwa okanye ukusasaza i-cororvirus zazizizizathu eziphambili zokuba ama-24% abavoti akhethe indlela yokuvota, nangona uninzi lwabavoti (55%) luthi inkxalabo nge-cororvirus yayingeyofekta kwisigqibo sabo. Le nkcazelo ibonisa ukuba nangona kungengabo bonke abavoti abaphambili kwimicimbi yempilo, inxalenye ephawulekayo eyenziwe kwizigqibo zokuvota ngokuqwalasela ukhuseleko lobhubhani.
Ukuphucula Umlinganiselo Wokwaziwa Kwabemi Abanesidima
Iinkqubo zoshicilelo ngeposi zinika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zokufumaneka ezigqithisele ngaphaya kweemeko ezigqugqisile kodwa zibaluleka kakhulu ngexesha leengxaki zempilo. Abavoti abalupheleyo, abantu abaneziphene, abo banenkqubo yomzimba ebuthathaka, nabantu abaneemeko zempilo ezinganyangekiyo bajongene nomngcipheko ophezulu ngexesha lezifo ezimandundu. Kwaba bantu, ukuvota ngexesha likaxakeka kwezempilo kusenokungabi yinto ephazamisayo.
Ukuvota iposi kuphelisa imiqobo ekhusela abantu abaninzi ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kunyulo. Iinqanawa ezingakwaziyo ukuhamba azifuni kuhamba ngezothutho ukuya kwiindawo zokuvota okanye ukulawula iindawo zokuvota ezinokufikeleleka. Abo banengxaki yokubona bangathatha ixesha labo lokuhlola iibhola zobugcisa obuncedisayo emakhayeni abo. Abantu abafumana ukhuseleko lomzimba benokuvota ngaphandle kokubeka engozini ukuchanabeka kwimikrobe.
Iinzuzo zokufumaneka zifumaneka nakwabo banyamekela abaguli nabasebenzi abafunekayo. Ngexesha lezifo, abasebenzi bezonyango, abaphendulayo, nabanye abasebenzi abafunekayo badla ngokusebenza iiyure ezithe zanda kunye nemithetho engaqhelekanga eyenza kube nzima ukuvota. Ukuvota ngeposi kuvumela aba basebenzi bagxekayo ukuba babe nenxaxheba kunyulo ngaphandle kokongezelela enye imbopheleleko kucwangciso lwabo olunzima.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokuxhasa idemokhrasi
Mhlawumbi olona ncedo lusisiseko lwenkqubo yokuvota ngeposi ngexesha lezifo ezigqugqisayo kukukwazi kwabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lungaqhubeka nangayiphi na imeko yempilo kawonke-wonke. Idemokhrasi ayinakumiswa ngokungenasiphelo, naphakathi kweemeko ezinzima. Unyulo lunika ubuchule obufunekayo bokuphendula, utshintsho oluseluxolweni lwamandla, kunye namathuba okuba abemi babumbe inkqubo yokusabela kwiimeko zongxamiseko.
Ngexesha le-2020 primmiry, unyulo lwentliziyo oluphazamiseke kakhulu, kunye neenkqubo zokuvota zesizwe eziphathwe yimigca emide, ukuthontelana kwezicelo zokurhoxa kwemali, kunye nemibandela yobugcisa. Oku kuphazamisa kwabonisa ubungozi benkqubo yonyulo oluxhomekeke kakhulu ekuvotelweni ngulowo usebenza ngexesha longxamiseko lwezempilo. Amazwe ayenezixhobo zokuvota eziqinileyo endaweni yawo aye elungele ukugcina ukuhambela phambili kokuvota.
Ubuchule bokuqhuba unyulo ngexesha leendyikitya zemfazwe ezinentsingiselo enzulu kulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Ngaphandle kobuchule bokuvota obunokuthenjwa ngexesha leengxaki zempilo, oorhulumente bangajamelana nocelomngeni olufanelekileyo, iimpendulo zenkqubo zisenokungabi nanto igalelo ledemokhrasi, kwaye ukufuduselwa ngoxolo kwamandla kungabekwa engozini. Iinkqubo zobuGawulayo zinika ugcino-zimo zedemokhrasi olufunekayo ukuze kulondolozwe iinkqubo zedemokhrasi naphantsi kwezona meko zinzima.
Ukukhuthaza Ukutya Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zempilo ezikhawulezileyo, ukuvota iposi kunika iingenelo ezinokunyusa ingeniso enokubandakanyeka kwinani elipheleleyo. Amazwana athumela ivoti kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo, kuquka neKhalifoniya, abona ukuvota kwandisa umlinganiselo we-4 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kwabo bonke abavoti. Olu khuphiswano lubangelwa kukuba ukuvota iposi kususa imiqobo emininzi ethintela abantu ekuvotelweni.
Ngezivoti zeposi, abavoti bangathatha ixesha labo lokuphanda abavoti kunye nemibandela, bajonge abakhokeli kunye nezinye izinto njengoko begcwalisa izivoti zabo. Akukho ngcinezelo evela kwimigca emide yabavoti abalindileyo, akukho luthintelo lwexesha olubekwe ngokuhlola iiyure, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokungxama kwimilinganiselo entsonkothileyo yokuvota. Le ndlela yokukhetha ikhokelela ekwenzeni isigqibo nomgangatho ophezulu wedemokhrasi.
Imeko eluncedo iba yeyona ibalulekileyo xa izifo ezininzi zobomi bemihla ngemihla ziphazamiseka. Abantu basenokuba balawula ukunyanyekelwa kwabantwana, umsebenzi osemaphandleni, ukugula ezintsatsheni zabo, okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nezifo ezibangela ubunzima ekuvoteleni umntu ngosuku oluthile. Ukuvota iposi kunika ubuchule obuvumela ezi meko zihlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingxaki zobomi azithinteli ukubandakanyeka kwezentlalo yabantu.
Ukucutha Uqeqesho Lwenkqubo Yokhetho Nabasebenzi Abanookrweqe
Iinkqubo zonyulo ezisetyenziswa ngeposi zikwanceda ulawulo lonyulo ngokunciphisa umthwalo kwiindawo zokuvota kunye nabasebenzi bokhetho. Ngexesha lezifo ezifak ’ isandla, abasebenzi bokhetho baba nocelomngeni olukhethekileyo kuba abasebenzi abaninzi abavotelwayo besithethe bakhulile kwaye ngenxa yoko basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zizifo ezasulelayo. Amanani abantu aphambili asebenza kwiindawo zokuvota aphakathi kweminyaka engama-61 nama-70, ebenza babe sengozini engakumbi ngexesha leengxaki zempilo.
Xa abavoti abaninzi bephosa iivoti ngeposi, iindawo zokuvota zimbalwa ezifuna ukusetyenziswa, ukucutha inani labasebenzi bovolo abafunekayo kunye nomngcipheko wempilo onxulunyaniswayo. Oku kuvumela amagosa onyulo agxininise ubuncwane ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iindawo eziseleyo kwi-person zifakwe kakuhle, zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokukhusela, kwaye zixhotyiswe ngabasebenzi abanomsebenzi owaneleyo ukugcina imithetho elandelwayo yokhuseleko.
Uxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo kwizibonelelo zosuku lonyulo lukwathetha ukuba abavoti abakhetha ukuvota umntu ngokobuqu (nokuba kungokukhethwa okanye ngemfuneko) banokukwenza oku ngokukhuselekileyo nangokwempumelelo. Xa bembalwa abantu abajoliswe kwindawo zokuvota, ukuphambuka kwentlalo kuba nokwenzeka, imigca iyahamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ubungozi bokudluliselwa kwezifo buyancipha.
Ukuthetha Ngokhuseleko: Ukhuseleko lwe-Robustt lweMbali
Nakubeni imvume yokuvota icacile ngexesha lezifo ezimandundu, inkxalabo ngokhuseleko nokuthembeka iyaqhubekeka. Noko ke, uphando olunzulu kunye namashumi eminyaka amava abonisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuvota ezisetyenziswe kakuhle ziquka ugcino-lwazi oluninzi lokhuseleko olunqabileyo lokwenza ubuqhetseba bube bunqabile kakhulu ngeli lixa kugcinwa imfihlo nocoselelo lonyulo.
Uqinisekiso lochazo lophawu noqinisekiso
Iinkqubo zokuvota iposi zisebenzisa iindlela ezingqongqo zokuqinisekisa ukuba zikho ngoko kuqalisa ngobhaliso lomvoti. Iibhoti ze-bosee zithunyelwa kuphela kubavoti ababhalisiweyo, kwaye inkqubo yokubhalisa ixa kuvavanywa, namagosa onyulo eqinisekisa ngomlinganiselo omncinane ukuba idilesi yomntu iphantsi kwegunya lawo, esebenza njengenyathelo lokuqala lokuqinisekisa ingqibelelo yonyulo.
Xa iibhola zonyuso zibuyiswe, uqinisekiso olongezelelweyo lwenzeka. Imvulophu engaphandle iqulathe uqinisekiso lwegama eliqinisekileyo eliquka inani okanye ikhowudi ye bar, utyikityo, kwaye mhlawumbi negama nedilesi, nenombolo yothotho ehambelana nenombolo yothotho ethunyelwe kulowo rhoxiso kunye notyikityo olujoliswe nxamnye nomntu okwisiseko sobhaliso. Le nkqubo yemisebenzi emininzi yenza kube nzima kakhulu kuye nabani ukurhoxisa ibholathi ngegama lomnye umntu.
Imilinganiselo yokhuseleko iquka uchazo kunye noqinisekiso, ikhowudi yebhatyi kwiimvulophu zebhola evumela abavoti ukuba bazi ukuba ibhola yabo yokuvota ifunyenwe, ukukhangela iposi kwiNkonzo yeposi yase-U.S., kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lweposi, phakathi kwezinye imilinganiselo. Ezi zikhuseli ezisigxina zisebenza kunye ukwenza inkqubo yokhuseleko ebanzi enokuthi ifikelele iidilesi ezininzi.
Ukukhangela ibhola kunye neenkqubo zokubonisa ngaphaya
Iinkqubo zokuvota zale mihla ngeposi ziquka ubugcisa obuntsonkothileyo bokufumana indlela evumela abavoti kunye namagosa onyulo ukuba ajonge abavoti kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvota. Imithetho emininzi ivumela abavoti ukuba balandele iposi yabo yokuvota ukuze babone xa ifunyenwe kwaye yamkelekile, inika ukubonakala mhlophe noxolo lwengqondo lo gama inika abavoti ithuba lokuchola nokucombulula iingxaki zabo.
Ukulandelela ibhola ebhaliweyo kusetyenziswa kakhulu zombini iofisi yonyulo kunye ne-Postal Service yase-U.S. ukunikezela ngabavoti ngolwazi malunga naxa i-ofisi yonyulo ithumele ibhola yokuvota kwaye xa kulindeleke ukuba i-posi egqityiweyo ifunyenwe yi-ofisi yonyulo, kwaye nokuba i-posi yebhola ye-opera idibana nazo zonke iimfuno zobunyani. Oku kubonakalayo kwexesha loqobo kwimeko yebhola kuqinisekisa ukuba ivota iqwalaselwe kakuhle kwaye ibale.
Iinkqubo zokulandelela ziyasebenza kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa iikhowudi zebhari ukulandelela iivoti eziphindaphindiweyo kwaye athintele ukuvota, kwaye emva kokuba kufunyenwe, ii-posi-eposts zigcinwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo de zibalwe, ziphinde zibuyele ekukhuseleni ugcino emva. Olu luxanduva logcino-mthetho lwelungelo lokhuseleko lwenza ingxelo enokwenziwa ukuba kuphakame imibuzo ephathelele uphatho lwebhola.
Ukukhusela Ukukhupha Ngokuphindwe Kabini Nokutsala Ibhola
Enye inkxalabo eqhelekileyo ngokuvota iposi kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu bavote amaxesha amaninzi okanye ukuba iibhola zokukopa zingeniswe kwinkqubo. Noko ke, iinkqubo zonyulo ziquka ukhuseleko oluninzi kwezi meko. Umgaqo wogcino-lwazi lwezivoti wombuso ngokubanzi kwicala ngalinye elilayishiweyo, kwaye kanye ivoti ingeniswe (ukuba i-(inokuba injalo kumntu), ngeposi okanye ngokuvota kwasekuqaleni) ibhalwe kwisiseko sogcino-lwazi kunye nencwadi yokuvota, ithintela ukubala oovoti abaninzi phantsi kwegama elinye lomvoti.
Amagosa okhetho athatha izilumkiso kuquka ukusebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo lonyulo ukulandelela wonke umsebenzi wevoti okhutshwe kunye nokukhusela ukuvota okuphindiweyo. Ezi nkqubo zesiseko sogcino-lwazi zenza iirekhodi zexesha lokwenene ezikwenza kucace ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntu uzama ukuvota kabini, nokuba ngeposi nangomntu okanye ngeevoti ezininzi zeposi.
Ukhuseleko ekulayisheni ibhola ekhatywayo kumatshini wokufaka ibhola engekho mthethweni. Ivela kwimithombo emininzi. Inani lothotho libaluleke kakhulu. "Iyafana nenani lothotho oluthunyelwe kovoti, yenza kube nzima ngomnye ukushicilela inqwaba yeebhola zomloti ezingenanto kwaye uzithumele kuba akukho mpumelelo yokuba amanani othotho afanayo kwibhodi yonyulo. Lo mntu ngamnye owenziweyo aqinisekisa ukuba iibhola zomkhondo ezisemthethweni kuphela ezikhutshelwe ukuvota ezibhalisiweyo zingabalwa.
Uphicotho-zincwadi loKhetho lwasemva
Umgangatho osekelwe kwiphepha wevoti unika uncedo olubalulekileyo lokhuseleko: benza ingxelo esisigxina, ephicothwayo yenjongo yokuvota. Zonke iibhola zeposi zimaphepha kwaye ziphawulwe ngesandla, kwaye zithathwa njengolona hlobo lukhuselekileyo lokuvota, naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela ezigcwaliswe ngayo ngokucace ngakumbi ebusweni bebhola. Le ngxelo yomzimba ingahlolisiswa ize ichazwe ukuba kuvela imibuzo ephathelele iziphumo zonyulo.
Uphicotho-zincwadi lokhetho lweposi luvumela amagosa onyulo ukuba aphawule ukungahambelani okanye ukungahambi kakuhle ekubaleni iivoti, ngokuqheleke ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bokuqwalasela iziphumo zonyulo ezichanekileyo zonyulo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amavoti abhaliwe kwaye abhalelwe ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nee-posi ezikhuthaza uphicotho-zincwadi olusebenzayo ukususela oko zisekelwe kwiphepha. Ezi ngxelo zinika umaleko owongezelelekileyo wokomeleza iziphumo zonyulo ngokuchanekileyo zokhetho lovotilo.
Inkqubo yophicotho-zincwadi ikwanceda ukuphawula nokulungisa nayiphina imiba yenkqubo ngolungiselelo lokusebenza okanye ukubala. Izixhobo zokulaphulo lwasemva kokhetho zidibanisa zonke izivoti eziphoswe kunye nenani labavoti, iqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi loomatshini bokuvota luyasebenza kwiingxelo ezishicilelweyo, nazo zonke iivoti ezisebenzayo ziqukiwe kubalo lokugqibela nakweyiphi na impikiswano ebhekiswe phambi kwesiqinisekiso. Le nkqubo yohlolo-hlolo iqinisekisa inyaniso kwiziphumo zokugqibela zonyulo.
Inyaniso yobuqhetseba be Voter: Ubungqina obusekelwe kuvavanyo
Phezu kwako nje ukuxhalabela okuzingisileyo ngokuqhatha iposi, uphando olunzulu lubonisa ukuba uphando olunjalo lunqabile kakhulu. Uphando ngalunye olwenziwa ngokuqhatha kwabavoti e-U.S. lubonisa ukuba ukuqhatha ngokungekhoyo okanye ngokuvota iposi kuyaphela ngokuncipha, kuncinane kakhulu.
Imizekelo engqalileyo ibonisa indlela enqabile ngayo inkohliso yokuvota. Uhlalutyo lwe-data yonyulo 2016 eOregon lwachaza izihlandlo ezilishumi zabavoti abaqhathayo kwizigidi ezibini ezirhoxisiweyo. Oku kubonisa isantya sobuqhetseba so 0.0005%._________incinci kakhulu ukuba kungachaphazeleka iziphumo zonyulo.
Utshintsho kwindlela eye yenzeka ngayo ivoti yaseMerika ngaphandle kokuba kubekho naziphi na iimpawu ezibhaliweyo zonyuselo lovoti, njengokuba ukuvota ngeposi kwanda ngokuphawulekayo. Unyulo lwama-2020, olwabona imigangatho engakabonwa ngaphambili yokuvota ngeposi, lwaye lwavavanywa ngokunzulu kwaye lwaphicothwa kakhulu. Uphengululo oluqhubekayo, uphicotho-zincwadi, kunye nohlalutyo lwabadlali abangaphaya komlinganiselo wezopolitiko luye lwaxhasa ngokuphindaphindiweyo unyulo jikelele lwama-20202020 njengolona lukhuselekileyo kwimbali yaseMerika.
Ityala Lezaphuli - mthetho Njengabasebenzi
Imiphumo enzima engomthetho yokurhoxisa iposi isebenza njengezinto ezinamandla zokuthintela ukuziphatha okubi. Nabani na owenza urhwebo naluphi na uhlobo esebenzisa ivoti yebhanki ubeka umngcipheko wezaphuli-mthetho eziqatha nezohlwayo zamakhaya: iminyaka emihlanu entolongweni kunye nemali e-R9 000 ngetyala ngalinye lokuqhatha phantsi komthetho karhulumente, ukongezelela nakwesiphi na isigwebo sorhulumente. Le miqathango ingqwabalala yengozi yokuzama ukuqhatha ngokugqithisileyo.
Ukudityaniswa kwemiqolo yokhuseleko emininzi, ukuphumelela okuncinane, neziphumo ezimandundu ukuba ibanjiwe ibangela iziphumo ezinamandla zokuthintela. Abadlali be-rationalnal baqonda ukuba ukuzama ukuvota ngenkohliso kusenokusilela kwaye, ukuba iyaphumelela, ingaba nempembelelo encinane kwiziphumo zonyulo lodwa ngexa zibekwe kwityala elinzulu lolwaphulo-mthetho. Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba amatyala abhaliweyo okuvota anqabile kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa Iingxaki Nezicombululo Ezisebenzisekayo
Ngelixesha iinkqubo zokuvota ngeposi zinika iingenelo ezizizo ngexesha lezifo ezigqugqisayo, ukuzisebenzisa ngokunempumelelo kufuna ucwangciso olunempumelelo kunye noqwalaselo kucelomngeni olunokwenzeka. Amagosa okhetho kufuneka athethe ngobuchule, ubuchule, kunye nemiqobo yemfundo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuvota zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zigcine ulwelo lukawonke-wonke-wonke.
Umanyano lokuthumela ibhola kunye nokuthumela iinkonzo
Olunye ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvota ngeposi kuqinisekisa ukuba iivoti zinikezelwa kubavoti ziphinde zibuyiselwe kwii-ofisi zonyulo ngendlela efike ngexesha. Kwi-16% yabavoti abafumanisa kunzima ukuvota, imibandela ngokuthobela abarhoxi okanye abavoti beposi benza uvotelo lube nzima, kunye nezinye ezikhombe ukudideka ngemithetho kunye neemfuno ezingqonge i-ovties nabanye abakhankanyisi ekufumaneni okanye ekulandeleni ii-posi zabo ngexesha elililo.
Ukucombulula le mingeni, amagosa onyulo kufuneka asebenze ngokusondeleyo ngeenkonzo zeposi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthamo owaneleyo kunye nokumiswa kweposi yonyulo. I-United States Postal Inspection Service ngumbutho womthetho wesizwe obelwe ukukhusela iposi, kuquka iibhola ezithunyelwayo ezithunyelwa nabavoti basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kunye nalo msebenzi ubalulekileyo owenziwa nguPostal Inspecter abatyunjwe ngokukhethekileyo nabaqeqeshelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho iyanyanzeleka, ulwaphulo-mthetho luyathintelwa, kwaye i-Euciotion Mail ikhuselwa ngokukhuselekileyo.
Izisombululo ezisebenzisekayo ziquka iibhola zokuposa zibekwe kakuhle kuhle konyulo, zinika iinketho ezininzi zokubuyisa kuquka iibhokisi zokuhlisa iibhokisi kunye nokuhambisa, kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuthumela abavoti abalumkileyo ukuba iibhola zabo azifunyanwanga. Lahla iibhokisi zikhuselekile apho abavoti bangafaka ngokukhuselekileyo ibhasothi yeposi egqityiweyo, ibekwe endaweni yamagosa karhulumente kwaye isoloko ibekwe ngaphantsi kokhangelo lwevidiyo oluthatha iiyure ezingama-24, ngamagosa onyulo kuphela akwazi ukufikelela kwibhoti xa ibekwe kwibhokisi yebhobhithi epholileyo.
Ugcino loLuhlu lobhaliso lweVoter
Uluhlu lobhaliso oluchanekileyo lubalulekile ukwenzela ukuba iinkqubo zokuvota zisebenze kakuhle. Xa iibhola zovota zithunyelwa kwidilesi ezingahlaziywanga rhoqo, zingathunyelwa kwiindawo apho abavoti bengasahlali, zidala ukuvula okunokwenzeka komntu onganyanisekiyo ukuzama ukunikezela ivoti yomnye umntu, nangona uqinisekiso lwesiqinisekiso lwenziwe ukukhusela nawaphi na amabhola angeniswe ngokukhohlisayo ukuba angabalwa, kwaye ugcino loluhlu lungumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokhuseleko.
Urhulumente kufuneka alungelelanise imfuneko yokufumana uluhlu oluchanileyo nolufunekayo ukuphepha ukulahla abavoti abafanelekileyo. Amazwe amaninzi aqhuba uluhlu lokugcina ngamalungu kwi ERIC, irejistation Information Center enceda amalungu ngokuthelekisa ii-database kunye nokuwalumkisa ngeengxelo zobhaliso ezingalunganga nezingekhoyo, kunye namaphondo angama-30 kunye ne-Daliyo yeColumbia efumana amalungu e-ERIC. La maphondo aphakathi kogcino-lwazi olunenkqubo ezilawulayo anceda agcine uluhlu oluchanileyo loxa enciphisa ubungozi bokususa ngokungafanelekanga i-vhoota.
Uyilo lwebhola kunye nokhuselo lwempazamo yevote
Ivoti yeposi kufuneka yenziwe ukunciphisa iimpazamo zabavoti ezinokuthi ziphumele ekulahlweni kwebhola okanye ekuvotini. Ngelixesha ukuqhatha okunxulunyaniswa novoti eposini kuyinto engenamsebenzi, ukukwazi ukuvota okubizwa ngolo hlobo kusenokuba kokubaluleke ngakumbi, ngegama elibhekiselele kwivoti enenjongo yokuphosa kodwa engazange ibalwe ekugqibeleni, iquka iivoti ezilahlekileyo ngenxa yokuba ibholothi yafunyanwa emva kwexesha okanye ngenxa yempazamo yomvoti equka abalawuli kunye nabangaphantsi kwevote.
Imiyalelo ecacileyo, ubunjani bento eninzi, kunye nemfundo yomvoti ingawanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo amaqondo empazamo. Uninzi lwamazwe alawulayo luye lwasebenzisa imisebenzi yoyilo lwebhola elungileyo eyenza kube lula ngabavoti ukugqibelisa ngokufanelekileyo nokubuyisela iivoti zabo. Ukunikezela imizekelo yeebhola zokuvota ezigqityiwe kakuhle, ukusebenzisa ulwimi olucacileyo kwimiyalelo, kunye nokuyila iimvulophu ezibonisa ngokucacileyo apho utyikityo kunye nolunye ulwazi olufunekayo kufuneka lubekwe khona lonke uncedo lokunciphisa iimpazamo zabavoti.
Iinkqubo zokubulala ibhola
Kwanangokuba iivoti ezicwangciswe kakuhle nemiyalelo ecacileyo, abanye abavoti bazakwenza iimpazamo ezinokubangela ukuba iibhola zabo zikhatyiwe. Iinkqubo zonyango lwebhola zinika abavoti ithuba lokulungisa ezi ngxaki kwaye baqinisekise ukuba amavoti abo babaliwe. 34 amaphondo kunye ne DC axhomekeke kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yibholabotte ephiliswa ukunika abavoti ithuba lokulungisa ```'' okanye "gcina iiproblem' kwimvulophu yabo yokuvota kwaye babala, namagosa onyulu oluqhelekileyo aqhagamshelana novoti nge-imeyili, umnxeba, okanye iposi ukuba kukho umngeni we- elgiglatives.
Iinkqubo zokunyanga ezinempumelelo zifuna ixesha elaneleyo phakathi xa iivota zifunyanwa naxa kufuneka kugqitywe iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezicacileyo ukuze zifikelele abavoti ngokukhawuleza, kunye neenkqubo ezilula kubavoti ukulungisa iimpazamo. Ezi nkqubo zibaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lezifo ezibulalayo xa abavoti bengenalwazi lungako ngeenkqubo zokuvota zeposi yaye benokwenza iimpazamo.
Ubuchule bobugcisa kunye nokuhlala
Iinkqubo zovota ngeposi zangoku zixhomekeke kwisiseko sobugcisa obuntsonkothileyo ukwenzela ukulandelela, utyikityo, kunye noqiniso lokhetho. Obu bugcisa kufuneka bukhuseleke, buthembeke, kwaye bufikeleleke. Amagosa okhetho ahlola i-hardware kunye ne-software ukuqinisekisa imilinganiselo yokusebenza nokukhusela ukufikelela okufanelekileyo okungagunyaziswanga, kunye nabameli abasuka kumaqela ezobupolitika abamenywa ukuqwalasela ezi zimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zicace.
Inkxalabo ye-bybersecuretics ifuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo kunye notyalo-mali. Ngexa iibhola zeposi ngokwazo zisekelwe kwiphepha kwaye ngoko azinakuchanabeka ekusetyenzisweni kwamanani, iinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukulandelela ibhola, ukuqinisekisa utyikityo, kunye neziphumo zekhabhulathi kufuneka zikhuselwe kwiingozi zekhompyutha. Uvavanyo lokhuseleko oluthe rhoqo, iinkqubo ezigqunywe ngomoya apho kufanelekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zokhuselo oluqinileyo zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesiseko sobugcisa bonyulo.
Imfundo eHlanganisayo kunye noPhuhliso
Impumelelo yenkqubo yokuvota ngeposi ngexesha lezifo ezigqugqisayo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwimfundo esebenzayo yabavoti. Abavoti abaninzi basenokuba abaqhelene neenkqubo zokuvota ngeposi, ingakumbi ukuba bavota ngokoqobo. Inkcazelo ecacileyo, efikelelekayo malunga nendlela yokucela, yokugqiba, kunye nokubuyisa iibhasoti zeposi zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amaqondo aphezulu okuthabatha inxaxheba kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo.
Ukwenziwa kwemijelo malunga neenkqubo kunye nemigca efileyo
Ijelo lifuna ulwazi olucacileyo malunga nemisebenzi emininzi engundoqo yokuvota: indlela yokucela ibhola yokuvota (ngokutsho ukuba ayiyithumeli ngokuzenzekelayo), xa iza kuthunyelwa, ukuba iza kugqitywa njani ngokufanelekileyo ibhola yokuvota, ziziphi iinketho zokubuya ezikhoyo, kwaye zeziphi iimini ezimisiweyo ezisebenzayo. Le nkcazelo mayidityaniswe ngemijelo emininzi ukufikelela abantu abahlukahlukeneyo.
Amagosa okhetho kufuneka asebenzise ii-website, imithombo yezentlalo, imithombo yezosasazo, iposi ethe ngqo kunye namaqabane asekuhlaleni ukusasaza ulwazi malunga nokuvota iposi. Izinto ezikhoyo kufuneka zifumaneke ngeelwimi ezininzi kunye neefomati ezifikelelekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abavoti bayayiqonda inkqubo. Kufuneka kunikelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekufikeleleni abantu abanokujamelana nemiqobo eyongezelelekileyo, kuquka abatsha abakhulileyo, abantu abaneziphene, kunye nabantu abahlala bengena kuleyo i-intanethi.
Ulwazi olufileyo lubaluleke kakhulu. Iivoter kufuneka zazi kuphela ukuba lunini na usuku lonyulo, kodwa xa kufuneka zicele amavoloti, xa amabhola kufuneka athunyelwe emva, naxa amavoloti kufuneka afumaneke kwii-ofisi zonyulo. Unxibelelwano olucacileyo malunga nale miqathango yexesha lunceda ukukhusela iimeko apho amavota abavoti afika emva kwexesha kakhulu ukubala.
Ukunikela Ukhokelo Ekugqibeni Iibhola Ngokuchanileyo
Abaninzi balwamkela iivoti zeposi ngenxa yeempazamo zabavoti ezinokuthintelwa ngemfundo ebhetele. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukulibala ukutyikitya imvulophu yebhola, ukusebenzisa utyikityo oluphosakeleyo, ukungakwazi ukuquka intsayino yamaNgqina efunekayo (ngokutsho oko kuthetha ukuba zifuna zona), okanye ukungalitywili kakuhle ibhola ebhalophu echanileyo.
Izixhobo zemfundo yesixhobo sokunika imiyalelo yenyathelo ngenyathelo kunye nezixhobo zokubona ezibonisa kakuhle indlela yokugqiba nokubuyisela ivoti yeposi. Iividiyo zinokuba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo ekubonakaliseni inkqubo. Ukunika imizekelo yeempazamo eziqhelekileyo nendlela yokuziphepha zinceda abavoti baqonde oko bafanele bakwenze ngokuchanekileyo.
Ulwazi malunga neenkqubo zokulandelela ibhola kufuneka luboniswe kakhulu kwizixhobo zemfundo zovoti. Xa abavoti besazi ukuba bangazilandelela iivoti zabo baze bafumane izaziso malunga nazo naziphi na iingxaki, bayakwazi ukukhangela imeko yabo yokuvota baze baphendule ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuvela impikiswano.
Iqela elikhuthazayo
Enye yezona miyalezo zibalulekileyo kumaphulo okuvota imfundo bukubaluleka kokubuyisa iibhola zokuvota kwangoko. Abasebenzi abalinda de kumzuzu wokugqibela umngcipheko wokuba iibhola zabo zokuvota zifike emva kwexesha kakhulu ukuba zingabalwa, ingakumbi ukuba ulibaziseko lweposi luyenzeka. Abavoti abakhuthazayo babuyisa iibhola ngokukhawuleza xa befumana zona banika isigcini sethu esichasene neengxaki ezingalindelekilenga.
Amaphulo emfundo kufuneka agxininise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubuyisa ezikhoyo, kuquka iibhola zokuposa zisetyenziswa kusuku lonyulo, ukusebenzisa iibhokisi ezisemthethweni zowisa iibhokisi, okanye ukuhambisa iibhola zomgunyathi kwiiofisi zonyulo. Ukunikezela ulwazi malunga neendawo zebhokisi kunye neeyure zokuhambisa kwi-perpercom translate zinika ezinye iindlela zokuvota ukuba zixhalabele ixesha lokuhambisa.
Ngexesha lezifo ezimandundu, imfundo yomvoti kufuneka ibhekise kwimpilo entle neyokhuseleko. Ulwazi ngendlela ukuvota iposi okukhusela ngayo impilo yabavoti, ukuba kunjani ukukhuselwa kwemiqathango ebekwe kumntu ochongiweyo, nendlela abasebenzi bonyulo abakhuselwa ngayo banceda ekuqiniseni intembelo kwinkqubo yokuvota.
Ukulwa Nenkcazelo Ephosakeleyo
Imigudu yemfundo kufuneka ithethe ngenkohliso ngokuvota iposi. Izityholo zobuxoki ngokuqhatha, ukuvota ngemali, nokuthembeka kovotelo lweposi zingenza abantu bangazethembi zize zidide ukuba nenxaxheba. Amagosa okhetho afanele anikele inkcazelo echanileyo ngokhuseleko, ukuthintelwa kobuqhophololo, kunye nengxelo yenkqubo yokuvota.
Umanyano nemibutho yoluntu ethembekileyo, amaqela asekuhlaleni, kunye namajelo eendaba anganceda ekukhuliseni ulwazi oluchanileyo kunye nenkcazelo echaphazelekileyo ebhaliweyo. Xa abavoti beva imiyalezo engaguquguqukiyo ngokhuseleko lovotelo kwimithombo emininzi ethembekileyo, banokuba nentembelo kule nkqubo.
Iimbono Zasekuhlaleni Neengxubusho Zezobupolitika
Ukwanda kwevoti ngeposi ngexesha lesifo sesifo semasti kwenzeka nxamnye nesizinzi soluvo lukawonke-wonke nengxoxo yezobupolitika. Ukuqonda ezi mpembelelo kubalulekile kumagosa onyulo nabenzi bemithetho abasebenza ukuzalisekisa okanye ukwandisa iinkqubo zokuvota.
Inkxaso kawonke-wonke esusiweyo
NgoAprili 2020, ngexesha lokuqala lesifo se-COVID-19, ama-70% ama-Melika akhetha ukuvumela nawuphi na umvoti ofuna ukuvota ngeposi ukwenza oko, kuquka phantse isiqingatha seRiphabliki (49%) kunye nethoba elikwishumi elinesithoba leDemocrats (87%). Le nkxaso ibanzi yabonisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokukhetha ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lencopho yesifo esimandundu.
Noko ke, inkxaso iye yavela njengoko isisongelo esikhawulezileyo sithe sancipha. Ngoku, ama-58% amaMelika axhasa ukuvumela abavoti ukuba bafake iivoti ngeposi, kuquka ama-32% eRepublicans kunye nama- 83% e-Democrates. Ngoxa inkxaso iphela iqhubeka yomelele, umsantsa osuselayo uye wanda, ubonakalisa iingxoxo ezibanzi zezobupolitika ngeendlela zokuvota kunye nengqibelelo yonyulo.
Ngaphandle kwala macandelo ezobupolitika, isimilo sokuvota sibonisa ukuba abantu baseMerika kwiingingqi zezobupolitika basebenzisa ukuvota. Kunyulo lomongameli wama-2024 babefana ngokuvota umntu ngoSuku loNnyulo (34%), kwasekuqaleni (32%) okanye ngeposi (34%), bebonisa ukuba ukuvota iposi kuye kwaba lukhetho oluphambili kunokuba kukhethwe ngabantu abakhethayo.
Umahluko wokwahlula kusetyenziso lokuhambisa iposi
Ngelixesha abavoti abasuka kuzo zonke iimvelaphi zobupolitika besebenzisa ukuvota, iindlela zokusebenzisa zibonisa ukwahluka okukhoyo kwe-posi. Ngo-2020, 60% yama-Democrates ovote ngeposi; ngo-2024, elo nani lehla laya kutsho ku-37%, lo gama amaRiphabliki engazange abenehlombe kakhulu ngokuvota iposi, kunye nama-24% esebenzisa le ndlela ngo-2024, ezantsi ukusuka kuma-32% kwi-202020. Oku kwahluka kubonisa zombini ezi ngxaki ezitshintshayo kunye nemiyalezo yezobupolitika ephathelele iindlela zokuvota.
Uphando lufumanise ukuba olu mahluko phakathi kwendlela yokuvota awuguquleli kwinzuzo yabachongi kwiziphumo zonyulo. Universal Vote-by-Mail Ayisebenzi Imvoluko ePartisan Turnout okanye Vote, ngokwentsebenzo epapashiweyo kwiProcessings of the National Academy of Sciences. Oku kufunyanwayo kubalulekile ekuchazeni inkxalabo yokuba ukuvota kweposi kuthandwa liqela elinye ngaphezu kwelinye.
Uguqu-guquko lomgaqo-nkqubo wenqanam lombuso
Ngokuthelekiswa namazwana alawulwayo kunye namaDemocrat, amaRiphabliki (ingakumbi kuMzantsi) asengozini yokulinganisela iposi ekuvoteni. Le nkqubo ibonisa izinto eziza kuqala ezahlukeneyo ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko lonyulo, ukuvota, kunye nokhetho lolawulo. Amanye amazwe aye amkela ukuvota kweposi jikelele, ngoxa amanye egcina iinkqubo zokuvota ezingqongqo ezifuna abavoti ukuba banikeze izabangxengxezo zokuvota ngeposi.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa amazwana zinika amathuba abalulekileyo ophando nokufunda. Amazwe anamava amaninzi okuvota anokuba yimizekelo kwabanye abacinga ngolwando, ngoxa amazwe anenkqubo eyahlukileyo enokuzivavanya enoba iinguqulelo ziya kungenelwa kusini na kulawulo lwabavoti bawo nokhetho.
Izenzo ezingcono zokusebenzisa iposi ngethuba lePandemics
Ngokusekelwe kuphando nakumava asebenzisekayo avela kunyulo lwakutshanje, zininzi iindlela ezingcono eziye zavela ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuvota ngeposi ngexesha longxamiseko lwezempilo yoluntu.
Ukuceba Kwangaphambili Nokulungiselela
Uzalisekiso lwevoti oluphumelelayo lufuna ucwangciso oluninzi. Amagosa okhetho afuna ixesha elaneleyo lokufumana izinto ezifumanekayo, abasebenzi boololiwe, iinkqubo zobugcisa zohlaziyeko, kunye nabavoti abafundisayo. Ukulinda de indyikitya yokuvota ingaphantsi kwendlela yokuzalisekisa ukuvota iposi kungakhokelela kwiintlobo zeengxaki ezikhoyo ekuqaleni konyaka wama-202020.
Amazwe kufuneka ahlakulele iinjongo ezifanelekileyo zokwandisa ukuvota iposi ngexesha longxamiseko phambi kokuba kwenzeke intlekele. Ukuba nemithetho esemthethweni, izivumelwano zokufumana izivumelwano, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza endaweni zivumela ukunyuka okukhawulezileyo xa kuyimfuneko. Uvavanyo kunye nemithambo rhoqo zinokubanceda ekuboneni iingxaki ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba zichaphazele olona nnyulo.
Imali eyaneleyo kunye nezibonelelo
Ukwandisa ukuvota iposi kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ekushicileleni nasekuthumeleni iivote, izixhobo zokulungisa, iinkqubo zokuthumela imbumbulu, kunye nabasebenzi abongezelelekileyo. Ukukhuthaza le migudu kungakhokelela ekulibaziseni, kwiimpazamo, nasekunciphiseni ukuthembeka kwabantu. Abenzi bemithetho kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ii-ofisi zonyulo zinezibonelelo ezifunekayo ukuze kuphumeze ukuvota ngokunempumelelo.
Urhulumente, urhulumente, kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka balungelelane ukulungiselela inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo kulawulo lonyulo ngexesha leendyikitya. Iindleko zokukhusela idemokhrasi ngexesha longxamiseko lwezempilo zincinane xa zithelekiswa nokubaluleka kokulondoloza iinkqubo zedemokhrasi nempilo kawonke-wonke.
Imida Yabafileyo Ebhetyebhetye Namaxesha Okulungelelanisa
Ukulungiselela ukulibaziseka kweposi okunokwenzeka nokunika abavoti ixesha elaneleyo lokwamkela, ukugqibelela, kunye nokubuyisa amavoti, amatyala kufuneka aqwalasele ukwandisa ixesha lokusebenza ngexesha lezifo ezimandundu. Ukuvumela iibhola ezibhaliweyo zasemva konyulo zibhalwe ngomhla wonyulo ukuba zibalwe ukuba zifunyenwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo emva koko zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abavoti abahlulwa lithuba lokuposa elingaphaya kolawulo lwabo.
Amathuba amade okulungisa anika amagosa onyulo ixesha elingakumbi lokuqinisekisa utyikityo, ukunyanga iibhola ngeempazamo, kunye nehambo ecokisekileyo yophicotho-zincwadi. Ngoxa oku kusenokulibazisa iziphumo zokugqibela, ukurhwebelana ngocoselelo oluphezulu nokugqibelela kufanelekile, ingakumbi xa ulawulo lonyulo lujamelene neengxaki ezingaqhelekanga.
Ugcino Lwendlela yokwenza umsebenzi
Kwanakwinkqubo eziqinileyo zokuvota, ukugcina ezinye zikhethwa ngokuvota kubalulekile. Abanye abavoti bakhetha ukuvota ngokomntu, abanye bangafumana iivoti zabo zeposi ngexesha, kwaye abanye bangafuna uncedo olulula ukunikezela ngokobuqu. Ukunikela zombini iiposi kunye neziseko ezipheneyo kunika abavoti ingxenge-guquko kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu angathabatha inxaxheba.
Ngexesha lezifo ezimandundu, kwiindawo zokuvota ezikumgangatho ofanelekileyo kufuneka kuzalisekiswe imilinganiselo yempilo nokhuseleko kuquka ukuphambuka kwentlalo, izixhobo zokukhusela abasebenzi bevolo, iprotocol yohlahlo, kunye nokungena komoya okwaneleyo. Injongo kukuvota ngokukhuselekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwabo bakhetha okanye abafuna ukuyisebenzisa.
Unxibelelwano olucace gca nobandakanyeko lukawonke-wonke
Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokusebenza okanye yokwandisa uvotelo lweposi, amagosa onyulo afanele agcine unxibelelwano olucacileyo nabasebenzi bezonyulo, amajelo eendaba, nabasemagunyeni bezobupolitika. Ukucacisa izigqibo, ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuvota, nokuvula imingeni kunceda abantu bathembeke yaye bathembeke.
Ukuvumela abajongi bemibutho yezopolitiko neyokungathathi-nxaxheba ukuba baqwalasele ukwenziwa kwezixhobo, ukubala, nokuphicotha kunika ukubonakala okungakumbi nokuphendula. Xa abantu bebona indlela esebenzayo ngayo inkqubo baze baqinisekise ukuba ikhuselwe kakuhle, basengozini yokuthemba iziphumo.
Imboniselo Phambili: Ikamva Loshicilelo- ngeposi Ngaphaya Kwephepha
Ngeli xesha ukhuthazo olukhawulezileyo lokwandisa ivoti yaba yi-COVID-19 edla ngokugqugqisa, iingenelo zokuvota zidlulela ngaphaya komngcipheko wempilo kawonke-wonke. Amava akutshanje abonise ukuba ukuvota ngeposi kunokukwandisa ukufumaneka, kuphucule ukhuseleko, kwaye kulondolozeke ngokuncitshiswa koxinzelelo lwezibonelelo zonyulo.
Isabelo sovota lwe-imeyili sisankulu kunepesenti yomvoti ovotelwe ngeposi kunyulo lwangaphambi kwepanjemi", sicebisa ukuba abavoti abaninzi bayithabathe ngokusisigxina le ndlela. Oku kusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuba iimfuno zovotelo lweposi kunye nokhetho olukhoyo kungakhathaliseki iimeko zezifo ezibhabhabhayo.
Njengoko amatyala eqwalasela ukuba ngaba iindlela zokuvota ezikhoyo okanye ezokwandisa iposi ezinokuhlaziywa ngexesha lobhubhani, kufuneka baqwalasele iingenelo kunye nocelomngeni olupheleleyo. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuvota ezichanekileyo zinokuphuhlisa inxaxheba yedemokhrasi ngexesha lokulondoloza ingqibelelo yonyulo. Amanyathelo okhuseleko, izibonelelo zobugcisa, kunye nobuchule bokulawula obuphuhlisiweyo ngexesha lobhubhani ogqugqisayo zinika isiseko sokuqhubeka kuvota njengendlela esesikweni yokuvota.
Izifo ezikhoyo okanye ezinye ezingxamisekileyo zisenokufuna kwakhona unyuko olukhawulezileyo lokuvota iposi. Izifundo ezifundwe kumava akutshanje ``ngemisebenzi, miphi imingeni ephakamayo, kwaye njani na indlela yokuyilungisa/ukuyilungisa izakuba luncedo ekuphenduleni kwiimeko ezinzima zexesha elizayo. Amazwe agcina izibonelelo eziqinileyo zokuvota iposi azakufumana indawo engcono ukukhusela ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwimpilo kawonke wonke nakwidemokhrasi xa kusenzeka iimeko zongxamiseko.
Isiphelo: Ukukhusela Ulawulo - melo Nempilo Kawonke - wonke
Isifo se-COVOID-19 sanika ucelomngeni olungathethekiyo kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi, inyanzela amagosa onyulo, abaququzeleli bemithetho kunye nabavoti ukuba baqhelane ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela zombini impilo kawonke-wonke kunye nelungelo lokuvota. Iinkqubo zovote ngeposi zavela njengesisombululo esibalulekileyo esavumela unyulo ukuba luqhubeke ngokukhuselekileyo nangenkxaso ngexesha lawona manqanaba ayingozi kakhulu ebhabhabhabhayo.
Ubungqina obuvela kunyulo lwakutshanje bubonisa ukuba ukuvota iposi kunokuphunyezwa ngokunempumelelo, ngamanyathelo okhuseleko aqinileyo athintela ukuqhatha ngeli xesha kugcinwa imfihlo nokuchanabeka konyulo. Iingenelo zidlulela ngaphaya kweemeko ezigqugqisayo ukuze ziquke ukufumaneka okuphuculiweyo kwabavoti abaneziphene, ukunceda kwabo bonke abavoti, kunye neenkqubo zonyulo ezithe zakhulayo.
Kusekho iingxaki ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokuvota, kuquka ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwelothi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukugcina uluhlu oluchanekileyo lomvoti, ukuthintela iimpazamo zovoti, nokufundisa uluntu ngeenkqubo nangexesha elimisiweyo. Noko ke, ezi ngxaki zinokulawulwa ngokuceba ngokwaneleyo, ubuncwane, nokuzinikela kwimicimbi elungileyo.
Njengoko sihambela phambili, umbuzo asingokuba iinkqubo zokuvota ngeposi ziyimfuneko na ngexesha lezifo ezikhoyo, kodwa ubungqina bubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba zinokuzalisekisa ngokunempumelelo kwaye nokuba kusini na ukugcina ukhetho olwandisiweyo lokuvota ngaphaya kweemeko zongxamiseko. Amava akutshanje anika izifundo ezibalulekileyo ezinokuzisa ezi zigqibo kwaye ancede ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lwexesha elizayo lukhusela zombini ukuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kunye nempilo kawonke-wonke.
Ulawulo-demokhrasi alunakumiswa, kwanaxa kunzima. Iinkqubo zovote nge-imeyili zinika indlela eqinisekisiweyo yokulondoloza iinkqubo zedemokhrasi ngexesha ukhusela impilo nokhuseleko lwabemi. Ngokuqhubeka ucombulula nokuphucula ezi nkqubo zisekelwe kubungqina nakumava, singaqinisekisa ukuba bonke abavoti abafanelekileyo bangathabatha inxaxheba kunyulo kungakhathaliseki iimeko zempilo kawonke-wonke okanye ezinye iingxaki abasenokujamelana nazo.
Ulwazi oluninzi malunga nokukhetha nokukhusela unyulo, tyelela iKhomishini yoNkqutyana yoNkqululo okanye iNgqungquthela yesizwe yeLegislatures yeSizwe[. Ukufunda ngeenkqubo zokuvota kwizwe lakho, qhagamshelana neofisi yakho yonyulo okanye ndwendwe [[FLT:]] Vate. org yolwazi lwe-projekthi yesizwe.]