Ukwazisa: Isizathu Sokuba Imfundo Ibaluleke Kakhulu Kunanini Na Ngaphambili

Unyulo lwedemokhrasi lufumana ugunyaziso lwalo ngokuvumelana nolwazi lwabalawulwayo. Xa abemi bephosa amavota bengaqondi oko bakuvota ngakho konke / okanye bengazi ukuba bavote njani na) iziphumo ezinokuba ngumphumo zingasilela ukubonakalisa ukuthanda kokwenyaniso kwabantu. Oku kulapho imfundo yomvoti iba yimfuneko khona. Ayiyonto yongezelelo kwidemokhrasi; yimfuneko efunekayo yokuba inkqubo isebenze ngendlela efunwayo.

Imfundo yeVoter inika abemi amandla okwenza ukhetho lolwazi nokuthatha inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kwinkqubo yovoti. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwemfundo kunganceda ekukhuliseni ukubotshwa kwedemokhrasi kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba unyulo lubonisa iinjongo zokwenene zokhetho. Kwixesha eliphawulwa lubuxoki obusasazekileyo, ukuncipha kokuthemba amaziko, kunye namanyathelo anzima okuvota, imfuneko yemfundo ebanzi yabavoti ayizange ibe yeyongxamise ngakumbi. Eli nqaku lihlola oko kuthethwa yimfundo yomvoti, isizathu sokuba ibaluleke kwimpilo yedemokhrasi, imiqobo ekhoyo, kunye namalungiselelo anokuyenza ibe luncedo.

Yintoni Imfundo Yegesi?

Imfundo yeVoter iquka uludwe olupheleleyo lwenkcazelo kunye nobuncwane obunikwa abemi malunga nenkqubo yokuvota, amalungelo abo njengabavoti, nentsingiselo yokuthabatha kwabo inxaxheba kunyulo. Ihamba ngaphaya kokuxelela abantu ukuba bavote; ibaxhobisa ngolwazi olufunekayo ukuze bavote ngokuzithemba nangobuchule. Iindawo ezingundoqo zemfundo yabavoti ziquka:

  • Inkqubo yokuvota kunye nenkqubo, kuquka indlela yokufumana iindawo zokuvota kunye nokuzichaza okufunekayo
  • Iimfuno zobhaliso, imiqathango yexesha, kunye neendlela zokuhlaziya ubhaliso
  • Ukuqonda amavoti, kuquka indlela yokuwaphawula ngokuchanekileyo nendlela yokuphatha amanyathelo entsonkothileyo evota okanye iinkqubo zokuvota ezimiselwe
  • Ingxelo emalunga nabathathi-nxaxheba
  • Ukwazi amalungelo okuvota, kuquka nokukhusela abantu abaphantsi
  • Ukuqonda indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuchana kwenkcazelo yonyulo nokuchaza iimpazamo

Imfundo ephumelelayo ayixeleli abemi indlela yokuvota. Kunoko, inika izixhobo nemeko-mongo abafanele bazenzele izigqibo. Ihlonela ukuzilawula ngoxa iqonda ukuba ukhetho lokwenene lufuna ulwazi.

Indima Yemfundo Yezorhwebo Kulawulo - melo

Imfundo yevoter isebenza kwimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo exhasa impilo yenkqubo yedemokhrasi:

Inkcitho

Abavoti abafundileyo baziva benentembelo engakumbi kubuchule babo bokuphembelela imeko yezobupolitika. Xa abemi beyiqonda indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo baze bakholelwe kwimibandela yabo yokuvota, basengozini yokubandakanyeka kungekuphela ngosuku lonyulo kodwa nakwizinto eziqhubekayo zoluntu. Le ngqiqo yequmrhu yisiseko sobumi obukhutheleyo.

Ukwenziwa kwesigqibo ngolwazi

Imfundo yevoter iqinisekisa ukuba abemi bayayiqonda imibandela esemngciphekweni kunye ne-’ izikhundla. Ngaphandle kolu lwazi, abavoti bangaxhomekeka kwizinto ezingeyonto ezifana nokuqatshelwa kwegama, ukunxulumaniswa kweqela, okanye ukuqhatha ngokweemvakalelo kodwa kodwa izibhengezo ezididayo kodwa ezilahlekisayo. Ekwenzeni isigqibo kuvelisa iziphumo zonyulo ezibonisa ngokuchane ngakumbi izikhethelo zikawonke wonke kwinkqubo kunye nokulawula.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Okwandayo

Xa abavoti bexelelwe, basengozini yokuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo. Ukungaqiniseki ngendlela yokubhalisa, indawo yokuvota, okanye oko kumele kulindelwe kolu voti ngumqobo obalulekileyo wokuyisusa. Imfundo yevoter isusa le miqobo ngokunika ukhokelo olucacileyo, olunokwenziwa. Uphando lusoloko lubonisa ukuba ulawulo lweenkqubo zemfundo ezinamandla lubona amacandelo aphezulu okuthabatha inxaxheba kumaqela abantu.

Umbuzo

Abavoti abafundileyo banokuwaphendulisa amagosa anyuliweyo ngenxa yezenzo namadinga abo. Xa abemi bekuqonda oko kwakuthethwa ngabameli babo ebudeni bamaphulo noko la magosa akuphetheyo, banokuqwalasela indlela yokwenza izinto baze benze ukhetho olunolwazi kunyulo olulandelayo.

Ukuthemba Inkqubo

Imfundo yevota yakha ukuthembana kumaqumrhu abavoti. Xa abemi beqonda ukukhusela kwindawo i— njengamathuba okhuseleko, iinkqubo zophicotho-zincwadi, kunye netsheyina lemithetho elandelwayo engoovimba abaphezulu — abachaphazelekayo kwizinto ezingenasihlahla zokuqhatha okanye zokuxhasa imasti. Ukubonakala gca kwimfundo kulelona nyango lunempumelelo kwiingcamango zonyulo zonyulo.

Amalungu angundoqo enkqubo yemfundo ye Voter esebenzayo

Asiyiyo yonke imfundo yomvoti esungulwe ngokulinganayo. Iinkqubo eziphumeleleyo ezineempawu ezininzi ezifanayo:

Ufikelelo kunye noXhaso

Izinto kufuneka zifumaneke ngeelwimi ezininzi kunye neefomati ezininzi ukuze kulungiselelwe abantu abahlukeneyo. Oku kuquka izinto zokushicilela kwabo bangangeniyo kwi-intanethi, iifomati zesandi zabavoti abangakwaziyo ukubona, kunye nolwimi olulula kubavoti bexesha lokuqala okanye abo banokufunda okuncinane. Ufikelelo luthetha ukuba abavoti abadibana apho bakwi-— amaziko oluntu, iindawo zonqulo, izikolo, kunye nezithuba ze-intanethi abasele bezisebenzisa.

Ucoselelo Nokungabikho Komndilili

Imfundo yeVoter kufuneka inikele iinkcukacha ezizinyani, ezingangeniyo kwipartistan. Xa amagunya onyulo okanye imibutho yamaqabane ebonakala ixhasa iziphumo okanye umbutho othile, ukuthembana kuyaphela. Ukungathathi cala akuthethi ukuthi uphephe imibandela edidayo; kuthetha ukunikela inkcazelo emalunga namanyathelo okuvota, kunye neenkqubo zokuvota ngendlela engaqhubeli abavoti kukhetho oluthile.

Ixesha

Ulwazi kufuneka lufike kubantu abavota kwangoko ngokwaneleyo ukuba babavumele bathabathe amanyathelo. Ukubhalisa ixesha, amaxesha okuvota kwangethuba, kunye nezicelo zeposi ezikwisibhedlele zonke zinexesha elifanelekileyo. Imfundo esebenzayo iqala iiveki okanye iinyanga phambi kosuku lonyulo, kunye nezikhumbuzo eziphindaphindiweyo njengemihla yeentsuku ezingundoqo.

Iintlobo Ngeziqhagamshelanisi

Abavoti abahlukeneyo bafumana ulwazi lwabo kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Iinkqubo ezinempumelelo zisebenzisa umxube wamajelo eendaba angokwesithethe (amaphepha eendaba, unomathotholo, umabonwakude), amaqonga amanani (amajelo-ndaba oluntu, ii-website, ii-imeyili), kwiziganeko ezi-operayo (iishishini, iiholo zedolophu), kunye neposi engqalileyo. Ukudambisa kwimijelo yemveli kuqinisekisa ukuba kwanabavoti abaphoswe umyalezo omnye baza kudibana nenye.

Iingxaki Zemfundo Yezorhwebo

Nangona ibalulekile, imiqobo emininzi ebalulekileyo ithintela imfundo ephumelelayo yabavoti:

Ifikelelwe kulwazi

Asingabo bonke abemi abanako ukufumana ulwazi olulinganayo malunga nenkqubo yokuvota. Abantu basemaphandleni basenokungabi nalunxibelelwano oluthembekileyo kwi-intanethi. Izindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi zisenokungabi nazo iikhompyutha okanye iifowuni. Abantu abaneziphene basenokufumana izinto ezingayilelwenga iimfuno zabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abemi abafuna imfundo kakhulu basoloko benzima ukufikelela kuzo.

Inkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Engachananga

Ukusasazeka kwenkcazelo yobuxoki kungadida abavoti kwaye kubathintele ekubeni babe nenxaxheba. Abadlali abakhohlakeleyo bahambisa ngabom imihla yokuvota engachanekanga, iimfuno zobhaliso ezibubuxoki, kunye nezityholo ezingenasiseko ngokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwebhola. Kwanokwabelana ngezixhobo zembutho zonxibelelwano ezizinzileyo kungenza iimpazamo. Imfundo yolwazi lwezikhuphiso kufuneka ikhuphisane nothozo oluzinzileyo olusoloko lunento echaphazela ngokweemvakalelo kunenkcazelo eyomileyo.

Imiqobo Yeelwimi

Izithethi ezingezozizo ezikwisivakalisi zingakufumanisa kunzima ukuqonda izinto zokuvota ezingafumanekiyo ngolwimi lwabo. Kwiinkqubo zolawulo-melo ezineelwimi ezininzi, ukusilela ukunikezela ngeenguqulelo ngokunempumelelo ukudibanisa iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zabemi. Kwanaxa kukho izinto eziguqulelweyo, basenokusebenzisa ulwimi oluqhelekileyo okanye olusemthethweni olunzima kubemi abaqhelekileyo ukuba bahlule.

Iindlela zokuzibophelela

Ukufumana iindlela ezisebenzayo zokubandakanya uluntu olwahlukeneyo kusenokuba lucelomngeni. Abavoti abaselula, abemi abatsha abakwindalo, namaqela akwimbali akwizikhundla eziphantsi asenokungakukholelwa ukuveliswa kwenkcazelo karhulumente okanye angazi ukuba bangayikhangela phi. Iindlela zokufumana ingeniso eziqhelekileyo zisenokungafikeleli kwabaphulaphuli, kwaye iindlela ezintsha zifuna ubuncwane abangenabo abasemagunyeni abaninzi bonyulo.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Imfundo yorhwebo ibiza imali eninzi. Ukufundisa izinto, ukuqeqesha abasebenzi, amaphulo okugcina imidlalo, nokulungiselela iziganeko zonke zifuna inkxaso eninzi edla ngokuncitshiswa. Uqingqo-mali lokhetho ludla ngokubeka kwindawo ephambili, ukhuseleko, kunye nobugcisa kwimfundo, nangona olu xwebhu luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo enoba olo ngeniso luguqulela ekubeni nenxaxheba yokwenene kusini na.

Imisebenzi yemfundo eNempumelelo

Ukuzoyisa ezi ngxaki, uludwe lweenkqubo ezisekelwe kubungqina lungalungiselelwa:

Ungenelelo loluntu ngee-asethi ezithenjiweyo

Ukusebenzisana nezi zixhobo zasekuhlaleni ukufikelela kubemi abangasetyenziswayo kungaphucula ngokuphawulekayo ukufikelela kulwazi. Amathala eencwadi, iindawo zoluntu, imibutho esekelwe kukholo, amaqumrhu okusebenza, kunye namaqela angancediyo sele enolwalamano nabantu abafuna imfundo eninzi. Ukusebenzisana nezi zixhobo zonyulo kuvumela amagunya onyulo ukuba asebenzise ukuthembana okukhoyo kunye nemijelo yonxibelelwano. Umzekelo, iNgqungquthela yesizwe yoRhulumente iLegislatures[ ibonelela ubuncwane obuninzi ngendlela anokuwakha ngayo ngokunelisayo la magunya.

Ukusetyenziswa kobuxhakaxhaka kunye nohlobo lwamanani

Isebenzisa ijelo leewebsite, iiwebsite, kunye nezicelo ezihamba-hambayo zokusasaza ulwazi oluchanileyo lungalwa nomlinganiselo. Ii-website zonyulo olusemthethweni kufuneka zibe zezeselula, eziphengululwayo, kwaye zifumaneke ngeelwimi ezininzi. Amaphulo onxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo esebenzisa iividiyo ezifutshane, iinkcazelo zolwazi, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenzisa izicelo ezisebenzisanayo zinokufikelela kubavoti abaselula apho sele bechitha ixesha labo. Amanye amaziko amaziko acuthe azama ngengxoxo nee-logbot aphendula imibuzo eqhelekileyo ngexesha lokwenene ngekhompyutha.

Imithombo ehlaziyiweyo eNcutshe neyoNkcubeko

Ukunika izinto zokuvota ngeelwimi ezininzi kuqinisekisa ukuba ukwenziwa komsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi, kodwa ukuguqulelwa kodwa akwanele. Izinto zobugcisa kufuneka zidityaniswe ngokwesithethe ukuze zivakala kuluntu olwahlukileyo. Oku kuthetha ukusebenzisa imizekelo, imifanekiso, kunye neembekiselo eziqhelene nabaphulaphuli abajoliswe kuzo. Kukwathetha ukusebenza neenkokeli zoluntu ukuqinisekisa ukuba isandi kunye nokuzifihla kufanelekile. U.S. iEcompuction Consolation Commission[ inikeza imigaqo yokuphuhlisa imfundo yabavoti-lwimi ezininzi ezihambisana nemigangatho karhulumente phantsi koMthetho we-Volder Act.

Iivenkile zomsebenzi, iiseminari, kunye nezandla ekuqeqesheni

Iziganeko zemfundo zinganceda ekususeni inkqubo yokuvota. Unyulo lwe-Mock kwizikolo, ukwenza imithambo yokuvota kumaziko oluntu, ne-Q&A kunye namagosa onyulo avumela abavoti ukuba babuze imibuzo kwimeko-bume ephantsi. Ezi ziganeko zibaluleke kakhulu kubavoti bexesha lokuqala, abemi abatsha abatsha, nabantu abadala abasenokuba badibana nobugcisa bokuvota okwesihlandlo sokuqala.

Imfundo esekelwe kwisikolo

Ukungenisa imfundo yabavoti kwizifundo zesikolo zesikolo kudala umbhobho wabavoti abanolwazi ngekamva. Abafundi abafunda ngenkqubo yovoti kwisikolo esiphakeme basengozini yokubhalisa nokuvota xa befikelela kwiminyaka yokuvota. Iinkqubo eziquka izandla-malungu, ezifana nonyulo lomfundi oluhambayo okanye iidrafti zomvoti, ziluncedo kakhulu. Iintlangano ezifana ne iCenter for CBICF Education zinikezela ngezifundo ezinokuthi abafundisi-zokulungisa imeko-mongo zasekuhlaleni.

Amaphulo ajoliswe kuwo eenkqubo zokophula - zincwadi ezikhethekileyo

Amaqela awahlukeneyo ajongene nemiqobo eyahlukeneyo ekuvoteleni. Abavoti abaselula bangafuna uncedo ngokubhalisa nokuqonda iinkqubo ezingaqhelekanga. Abavoti abadala bangafuna ulwazi malunga nokuvota okanye indawo yokufumana. Abathethi abangasebenzisi i-oventi--lwimi bangafuna inkxaso yolwimi. Umvoti onempumelelo ulungisa imiyalezo yakhe kunye neziqhagamshelanisi kwiimfuno ezithile zecandelo ngalinye kunokusebenzisa indlela enye yokungena elungeleleneyo.

Ukulinganisa Impembelelo Yemfundo Yezigaxa

Ukubonakalisa ukuphumelela kweenkqubo zemfundo yovoti kubalulekile ekukhuseleni inkxaso-mali eqhubekayo nokuhlaziywa.

  • Irejista yeNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni
  • Unciphiso kwiivoti ezilahliweyo ngenxa yeempazamo zokuphawula okanye ukuthobela
  • Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labavoti abachaza ukudideka okanye ubunzima
  • Ukuchana kokubhaliswa kovoti ngokuhambelana nemibandela enxulumene nobhaliso ngomhla wonyulo
  • Uphando lokuhlola ukuthembeka kovoti nolwazi phambi nasemva kongenelelo lwemfundo

Uphando olusuka kumaqumrhu anjenge Brennan Center yeJaji lubonise ukuba iinkqubo zemfundo ezimiselwe kakuhle zovoti zinganyusa iipesenti ezininzi, kunye neziphumo ezinkulu phakathi kwabavoti abaselula kunye noluntu lwemibala. Ezi nzuzo zifumana imbumba ngexesha elithile, njengoko abavoti abanolwazi benokuhlala bebandakanyeka kunyulo olulandelayo nokukhuthaza abanye kwiingqubano zabo ukuba babe nenxaxheba.

Impembelelo Yemfundo Yesichotho Kunyulo

Uphando lubonisa ukuba imfundo engaphezulu yabavoti ikhokelela kumvoti ophezulu nokhetho oluthe kratya. Iziphumo eziphantsi ezikunyulo zibalulekile:

Izinga lokuguquka okuphezulu

Abavoti abaqeqeshiweyo basengozini yokuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni bamelwe kakhulu. Xa unyulo lusezantsi, abavoti badla ngokukhula, batyebile, kwaye bangabalawuli kunabantu ngokubanzi. Unyulo oluphezulu luvelisa iziphumo ezibonisa kakuhle iinketho zokhetho lwabemi abapheleleyo. Imfundo ye Voter yenye yezona ndlela zinokuthenjwa zokunyusa i-inguqu, ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo ngokwembali okanye acekelwe phantsi.

Ukwenza Isigqibo Esingcono Kwibhokisi Yebhola

Imfundo yevoter inegalelo ekukhetheni ngokucingisileyo nangokokuvota. Abasebenzi abaqonda imibandela kunye nabamele baququo; iindawo azinakuphenjelelwa zintengiso ezilahlekisayo, izibongozo ezizizodwa, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwendlela echuliweyo. Bakwanokuphosa amabhotile apheleleyo, ukuvota kwimijaho yebhola ephantsi kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhetha ibhola ephezulu kunokukhetha nje kuphela intengiso nokungahambi ezinye.

Iimpazamo Ezincitshisiweyo Zebhola

Ivoti eziphawulwe kakubi, intsayino ezingachananga, kunye nokusilela ukulandela imiyalelo kukhokelela kumawaka eevoti ezigatyiweyo kuwo onke umjikelo wonyulo. Imfundo equka imiyalelo ecacileyo kunye namathuba okuqhelisela ezi mpazamo inciphisa ngokuphawulekayo. Ivoti nganye egatyiweyo lilizwi elathintelwayo, kwaye imfundo yeyona ndlela ingqalileyo yokuthintela oko kurhoxa.

Iinkomfa ezinamandla zedemokhrasi

Unyulo oluyilwe kakuhle lubalulekile kwimpilo yedemokhrasi. Xa abemi beyiqonda indlela esebenza ngayo kwaye bethemba iziphumo, inkqubo yonke ifumana ilungelo. Oku kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba oorhulumente balawule ngokunempumelelo, ukufuduselwa ngoxolo kwamandla enokwenzeka, kunye nezithethe zedemokhrasi ukuba zixhaswe nangamaxesha okupheliswa kwemimandla engaphandle.

Isiphelo

Imfundo yevoter asiyonto yolonwabo kwibutho ledemokhrasi; yinto efunekayo. Iguqula isenzo sokuvota ukusuka kwinyathelo eliqhelekileyo lokuvota libe kukusetyenziswa kwesebe lezentlalo elinentsingiselo. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abemi bayalwazi kwaye bayabandakanyeka, siyayomeleza idemokhrasi yethu size sikhuthaze inxaxheba ekhutheleyo kwinkqubo yonyulo. Ubungqina bucacile: xa abavoti beyazi indlela yokuvota nokuqonda oko bakuvota, bajika ngamanani aphezulu, benze ukhetho olusengqiqweni, baze bathembe iziphumo ngokunzulu ngakumbi.

Kuyimbopheleleko yoorhulumente, amagunya onyulo, imibutho yoluntu, nabantu ngabanye ukubeka phambili imfundo yasekuhlaleni, nokucombulula iingxaki eziphazamisa ukuphumelela kwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuveliswa kobuncwane beelwimi ezininzi, ubugcisa bokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokufanelekileyo, ukwakha unxulumano nabameli abathembekileyo, nokuqalisa kwimfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo. Kwakhona kuthetha ukuvuma ukuba imfundo yabavoti asingomzamo wexesha elinye kodwa luzibopheleleko oluqhubekayo olumele luziqhelanise nokutshintsha kwezobugcisa, amanani, kunye nezisongelo.

Ngexesha laxa amaziko edemokhrasi ejongene nengcinezelo evela kumacala amaninzi, abavoti abaxeliwe nababolekisiweyo bahlala besona sikhuselo sinamandla ekukhukulisekeni kwemigangatho yedemokhrasi. Wonke ummi ofaka ivoti ngentembelo nangokuqonda uvoti kungekuphela nje kubathathi-nxaxheba okanye ngemigaqo-mthetho, kodwa yempilo eqhubekayo kunye nokufaneleka kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi ngokwayo.