Indima Ebalulekileyo Yezikhokelo Kulawulo Loluntu Lwanamhlanje

Amagosa karhulumente akwisikhundla esiphezulu sokuthembana okunzulu: alawula ubuncwane boluntu, iinkqubo zobume, kwaye enza izigqibo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bezigidi. Kwixesha lokuxilonga okuntsonkothileyo, ukulawulwa okuntsonkothileyo, kunye nolindelo olukhulayo lwabemi, ubukho bemigaqo eqinileyo yemigaqo-siseko buye baba sisiseko esisebenzayo nesemthethweni. Le migaqo ayiyo nje imigaqo engekho ngqiqweni; zizixhobo ezisebenzayo eziguqula amaxabiso anjalo njengengqibelelo, ukubonakala, ukuphakama, nokuziphendulela kwimilinganiselo ecacileyo, enyanzelekayo yokuziphatha. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ukubaluleka kwemigaqo yendlela yokuziphatha karhulumente, lihlola iinjongo zabo zesiseko, imingeni ekhoyo ekusebenzeni kwawo, kunye nezenzo ezingcono ezinokuqinisa impembelelo yabo kulawulo lwanamhlanje.

Ukuqonda iziKhokelo: iziseko nemisebenzi yesakhelo

Imigaqo yemigaqo emiselwe amagosa kawonke-wonke yimimiselo elungelelanisiweyo yemigaqo, imithetho, kunye nemigangatho elawula ukuziphatha kwabo abaziingcali. Basebenza ekubekeni imigaqo elungeleleneyo, bathintele ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya, kwaye balungelelanise izenzo zabasebenzi basekuhlaleni kunye nomdla othe kratya nowonke wonke. Nangona imixholo equlunqweyo isenokuhluka ngaphaya kwemithetho, imigaqo-siseko yemithetho ngokwemigaqo yokuziphatha idla ngokuthetha ngeendawo eziliqela ezilungiselelwe ukuxhasa imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi nengqibelelo yolawulo-siseko.

Amalungu e-icore kwimigca yesikhokelo

  • Izicwangciso zolawulo lweNtlalo: izicwangciso ezifuna amagosa ukuphepha iimeko apho izilangazelelo zobuqu, zemali, okanye zemali zinokuphembelela ngokungafanelekanga imisebenzi yabo yoburhulumente. Oku kuquka imithetho yemiqathango yexesha lasemva komsebenzi, kunye nokutyhilwa kwezinto zexabiso kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imfuno zokuvula umlomo neDisclorence: malunga neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, ukusebenzisa imali kawonke-wonke, kunye nokubophana nabahlali okanye amaqela abantu abanomdla. Ukubonisa gcakubhenela kuvumela iziqu zikawonke-wonke kunye noomphathi ukuba zigcine amagosa ephendule.
  • Izixhobo zokufumana ingxelo: iinkqubo ezicacileyo zokunyanzela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kuquka iinkqubo zokuphanda, izenzo zoluleko, kunye nezindlela zokumangalela uluntu ngokubanzi. Ukuphendula kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqhekeza kuneziphumo ezicacileyo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Imigangatho engekho mthethweni nengakhethi buso: enyanzela amagosa ukuba enze ngokunyaniseka, ngokusesikweni, kwaye angakhethi buso, aphathe bonke abemi ngokulinganayo kwaye aphephe ucalucalulo okanye ucalulo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imigaqo yesikhokelo efuna ukusetyenziswa kakuhle, okusebenzayo, nokusemthethweni kwemali yabahlawuli kunye nezinto zikawonke-wonke, kunye nemithetho echasene nokungahlawulwa, ukuqhatha, okanye inkcitho yelahleko.

Ezi ziqu zisoloko zifakwe kwimimiselo esemthethweni, ikhowudi yehambo, okanye imimiselo yolawulo. Ngezizwe, izicwangciso ezinjenge CD iSindululo sika-ECD kwiNkxaso kaRhulumente kaRhulumente inikela ukhokelo olubanzi lokuba amazwe amaninzi alungelelanise imeko yawo yasekuhlaleni. Ngokufanayo, i- iZizwe ezihlangene nxamnye noHlumo-rhoxisako igxininisa imfuneko yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha njengenxalenye yemigudu yehlabathi elwa nokonakala.

Ukubaluleka Kolwalathiso Lwamajelo Asekuhlaleni Kulawulo Lwanamhlanje

Imigaqo yenzululwazi ayiyoyonto ingongeniswa ngokuzikhethela; ingundoqo kwimpilo kunye nomsebenzi wamaziko edemokhrasi. Ukubaluleka kwazo kubonakalisa kumlinganiselo onzima ochaphazela iziphumo zokulawula kunye nokuthembana kwabantu.

Ukugunyazisa Ukukholosa Nomthetho

Ukuthemba yimali yolawulo. Xa abemi bekholelwa ukuba amagosa karhulumente enza ngokwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha nangokweenjongo zawo ezintle, basengozini yokuthobela imithetho, bahlawule irhafu, bathabathe inxaxheba kubomi boluntu. Imigaqo yemigaqo yezomthetho iyila isiseko solo kholo ngokubeka amagosa ekulawuleni okuvumayo ekuhleni, nokuwanika uncedo xa loo mlinganiselo uphulwa. Ihlazo eliphezulu lingaphelisa iminyaka yokuthembana, isenza indima yokuthintelwa kwemithetho ecacileyo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ibe luncedo.

Ukukhusela Ukonakala Nokunganyaniseki

Ukunganyaniseki kuqhubekeka ngokucacileyo. Imigaqo yengcaciso icacisa okuthi kusisenzo esingamkelekiyo ```iiindlela zokuziphethe'''. Nokuba ngaba yamkela izipho ezivela kwizindlu, izivumelwano zokuqhuba izalamane, okanye isebenzisa ulwazi lwangaphakathi ukuze kufumaneke inzuzo yomntu ngamnye. Ngokumisela imithetho eqaqambileyo, ezi migaqo zinciphisa ithuba lezenzo zornakele kwaye zinika abaphengululi imigaqo ecacileyo yokunyanzelisa. Uphando lweziko lubonisa ukuba ulawulo olunemiqathango yemithetho elungele ukunyanzelwa kakuhle komgangatho osezantsi wokonakala kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza kukarhulumente.

Ukukhuthaza ukuphendula nokunyanzeliswa

Ukuphendula kudinga umgangatho ekunokulinganiswa kuwo umsebenzi nehambo. Imigaqo yezobucukubhede inika loo mlinganiselo. Zinika amandla amaqumrhu ovelela, anjengekhomishini yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha okanye iinjenge-arhente, ukuphanda izikhalazo nokuthatha inyathelo loqeqesho. Ngaphezu koko, zinika abemi ne-media ibherikiti yokuhlola indlela yokuziphatha esemthethweni, inceda ukunikela intetho kawonke-wonke ephakeleyo kunye nolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Ngaphandle kwemigaqo ecacileyo, ukuphendula kombandela kuxhomekeke kwimithetho echanekileyo kwaye kunzima ukunyanzelisa.

Ukukhuthaza Ingqiqo Nobulungisa Ekwenzeni Isigqibo

Ukulingana phambi komthetho ngumgaqo wedemokhrasi osisiseko. Imigaqo yemigaqo-nkqubo inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa karhulumente awawasebenzisi amandla awo ukuze ancede abahlobo, amaqabane, okanye abanikeli, nokuba izigqibo zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwisidima, kwimigaqo esemthethweni, kunye nomdla kawonke-wonke. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nokufumana uluntu, ukubekwa kwamagosa, nokunyanzeliswa kolawulo, apho kunamandla okubonakalisa ikhethe liphezulu.

Ucelomngeni Ekulandeleni Imigaqo Elawulayo

Nangona ziluncedo, ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yokuziphatha kudla ngokujamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo.

Ukwazi Nokuqonda

Amagosa amaninzi karhulumente, ingakumbi lawo akwiziko eliphantsi okanye asemaqulwini aphantsi, asenokungayazi imithetho engqalileyo yokuziphatha esebenzayo kwiindima zawo. Imigaqo yesikhokelo inokuba ntsokothile, ingabi nabugocigoci, okanye ingancokoli rhoqo. Ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa rhoqo kunye nobuncwane obufikelelekayo, amagosa asenokuyichasa ngokungazi imilinganiselo kuba nje engazi ukuba ikho.

Ukungavumi Ukutshintsha Nezithethe

Izenzo ezimileyo, iintlanganiso ezingacwangciswanga, kunye nezithethe zentlangano ezinyamezela okanye ezinika umvuzo womthetho zingadala ukuxhathisa ngamandla kwimilinganiselo emitsha yokuziphatha. Abasemagunyeni bangajonga imigaqo-siseko njengemiqobo yezakhono kunokuba bayijonge njengezixhobo zokulawula bhetele. Ukutshintsha ezo zenzo zimiliselweyo kufuna ukunyanzeleka kokhokelo oluqhubekayo kunye notshintsho lwenkcubeko, hayi nje kuphela imigaqo emitsha.

Uqeqesho Olungonelanga Nokwakhiwa Kwamandla

Naxa amagosa esazi imithetho yokuziphatha, asenokungabi nabuchule bokuyisebenzisa kwiimeko ezinzima, zehlabathi lokwenene. Ukwenza isigqibo kubandakanya ukuqhuba iindawo ezingwevu, ukuvavanya amaxabiso akhuphisanayo, nokuqwalasela iziphumo zexesha elide. Ngaphandle kweenkqubo zoqeqesho eziqinileyo eziquka izifundo zomzekelo, ukufundisa indima, kunye nokufunda imizekelo, amagosa asenokungakuhlonyi ukusingatha iingxaki ezingokokuziphatha.

Ingcinezelo Yezobupolitika Nokuzixakekisa Izinto Eziza Kuqala

Amagosa karhulumente asoloko esebenza phantsi kwengcinezelo enkulu yezobupolitika, enoba ivela kunyulo lwabasemagunyeni, kwiinkokeli zeqela, okanye kumaqela abantu abanomdla. Basenokujamelene neemfuno zokuxoleleka, ukungahoyi ukwaphula umthetho, okanye benze izigqibo ezinceda abadlali abanamandla ngokuphulukana nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Kwimeko apho ukuqhatha kuphezulu, kwanamagosa azimisele kakuhle asenokuzama ukugcina imilinganiselo yawo esesikweni.

Ukunyanzeliswa Okubuthathaka Nokunganconywa

Imigaqo engekho mpumelelo yokunyanzelisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokunyanzelisa ifana nje neengxelo ezithe zachazwa ngokunqwenelekayo. Iinkqubo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ezicothayo, ukuphazamisana kwezobupolitika ekuphandeni, kunye nokungaqiniseki okuncinci, konke kunciphisa ukuthembeka kwemigaqo yemithetho. Xa amagosa eqonda ukuba ukuphulwa komthetho akunamiphumo yokwenene, iziphumo zokuthintelwa kwemigaqo ziyaphela.

Uphando lwetyala: Isikhokelo se-Ethicalline kwinkqubo

Ukuqwalasela imizekelo ecacileyo kunceda kubonise indlela imigaqo yokuziphatha esebenza ngayo kwimeko-bume yehlabathi lokwenene kwaye ziziphi izinto ezinegalelo kwimpumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwazo.

Ingxaki Yebhodi Yenzala YesiXeko SaseNew York

I-CoIB Conflict of Interence Board (COIB) ijongwa ngokubanzi njengemodeli yemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente yasekuhlaleni. Inika imigaqo ecacileyo, efikelelekayo ekuchaseni inzala, izipho, kunye nokutyhilwa kwemali kwabasebenzi besixeko namagosa anyuliweyo. I-COIB ibeka ingcebiso kwiimbono ezidibeneyo, iqhuba uphando, kwaye iyakwazi ukubeka iintlawulo ezintle nezinye izigwebo. Ukunyanzelisa kwayo okungaguquguqukiyo kunye nokufumana kwayo imfundo kuye kwanyusa ngokuphawulekayo ukubonakala nokuncitshiswa kwemilinganiselo yesimilo kwimimandla yesixeko.

IKomiti YoBukumkani Emanyeneyo Ngemilinganiselo Kubomi Basekuhlaleni

Imiselwe ngo-1994, iKomiti yeMigangatho yoBumi Boluntu (CSPL) liqumrhu elizimeleyo elihlola lize likhuthaze imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kulo lonke uluntu lwase-UK. Yaphuhlisa “Imigaqo Elishumi yobomi Besidlangalala""ukungabinazi, ingqibelelo, ukuthembeka, ukuphendula, ukunyaniseka, kunye nokhokelo oluye lwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngamasebe karhulumente, amagunya asekuhlaleni, kunye namaqumrhu kawonke-wonke. I-CSPL isoloko ihlola iziphumo ezithe zaqalisa imibandela yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwaye icebisa ukuphuhlisa imigaqo yokuziphatha, ukuthembeka, ukuphendula, ukuthembeka, ukunyaniseka, ukunyaniseka, kunye nokhokelo oluye lwamkelwe ngokubanziswa ngokubanzi kwimeko lwezobupolitika.

Imfundiso Yehlelo Likawonke - wonke EOstreliya

Indlela yokufikelela kwe-Australia kwimigaqo yokuziphatha yecandelo likawonke-wonke ilungelelanisiwe, ngegunya ngalinye (iphondo, iphondo, intsimi) inemithetho yayo kunye namasebe ayo. Noko ke, abaninzi babelana ngemigaqo efanayo njengaleyo idweliswe kwi-Australian Public Service (APS) Amaxabiso kunye nemithetho yeNdlela yokuziphatha. Isiseko se-APS sigxininisa indlela elungileyo yemilinganiselo esekelwe kumgangatho ophantsi kunokukhuthaza ukuphatha umntu, ikhuthaza amagosa ukuba asebenzise imigaqo yokuziphatha. Iquka ukuqeqesha ngokuqinile, abaxhasi bengqibelelo, kunye neenkqubo zokunika ingxelo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba le ndlela inegalelo kwimigangatho esezantsi yenkohlakalo kwicandelo likawonke-Australia.

Olu hlolisiso lubonisa ukuba imigaqo yokuziphatha ephumelelayo ayifuni nje kuphela imithetho ecacileyo kodwa ifuna namaziko anamandla, ulwalathiso oluzimeleyo nezithethe ezibeka ingqibelelo kwindawo yokuqala.

Izenzo ezingcono zokuxhasa imigaqo yesikhokelo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yokuziphatha iyahambela phambili ukusuka kwiphepha ukuya kwelinye, oorhulumente nemibutho karhulumente kufuneka basebenzise iqhinga elizinzileyo lokuthintela, ukufumanisa nokuqinisekisa ukuba ikho

Uqeqesho Oluthe rhoqo Nolukhuthazayo

Uqeqesho lwendlela yokusebenza kufuneka lube lunyanzelekile kuwo onke amagosa karhulumente, neemodyuli ezizodwa zemisebenzi ephezulu efana nokufumana, uku-intellign, kunye nokunyanzelisa ulawulo. Uqeqesho kufuneka lusebenzisa iimeko zehlabathi zokwenene ukuphuhlisa ubuchule bokwenza izigqibo. Iizifundo zokuphumla kufuneka ziqhutywe minyaka le okanye nanini na kusenzeka utshintsho olubalulekileyo. [[FLT: 0] U.S. i-ofisi yoRhulumente Ethis[[ inika ubuchule kunye nezinto zoqeqesho ezisebenza njengebhethridi kubameli bolawulo.

Ukukhuthaza Ingxoxo Evulekileyo Ngemithetho

Iinkokeli zifanele zenze imeko apho amagosa aziva ekhuselekile ukuba athethe ngeengxaki zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngaphandle kokoyika isohlwayo. Oku kunokuquka ukumisela amagosa angaziwayo, ukubiza amagosa emigaqo-nkqubo njengee-arhente eziyimfihlo, nokukhuthaza iingxubusho ngemigaqo enzima. Xa iinkokeli zimisela isimilo kwaye zivuma ngokucacileyo ukuba iimpikiswano zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha zintsonkothile, kuqhelekile ukufuna ukhokelo kunokuba zifihle inkxalabo.

Ukumisa Ukhuseleko Olunamandla Lwezidubuli

Abavuli-vuthuzi baluluhlu olugxekayo lokuzikhusela kwihambo engalunganga. Noko ke, ngaphandle kokhuseleko oluqinileyo olusemthethweni, basengozini yokuziphindezela, umonakalo emsebenzini, okanye umonakalo wobuqu. Oorhulumente kufuneka bamisele imithetho yokufutha impempe ebanzi eqinisekisa imfihlelo, ikhusele ekuziphindezeleni, kwaye banike iindlela zokuxela ngaphakathi nakwimibutho ezimeleyo. Inkqubo yokufunxa impempe esebenzayo ikhuthaza ukubhaqwa kwangoko kokwaphula umthetho nokunqanda abenzi bobubi.

Ukuqhuba iimpinda zothe rhoqo

Imigaqo yenzululwazi yendalo kufuneka iguqulelwe ukucombulula amatyala amatsha, ubugcisa, kunye nolindelo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukusebenza ngamandla nolawulo oluzimeleyo

Iqumrhu lemilinganiselo yokuziphatha elizimeleyo lizimeleyo ekulawuleni kwezobupolitika kwaye lixhaswa ngokwaneleyo liyimfuneko kumsebenzi othembekileyo. Eli qumrhu limele libe negunya lokuphanda izikhalazo, ukukhupha imibandela ebophelelayo, nokumisela imiyalelo enentsingiselo. Amalungu alo kufuneka amiselwe ngendlela ecacileyo kwaye akhuselwe ekususweni ngokungekho mthethweni. Ukuxelwa kwasekuhlaleni kwenza ukuba umsebenzi walo ube nengqiqo kwaye uphendule.

Ikamva Lemigaqo Ekhokelayo Kulawulo

Njengokuba iingcali zezobugcisa, ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi nokutshintsha kwemilinganiselo yentlalo, imigaqo yokuziphatha kufuneka ilungelelane ukuze ihlale isebenza.

Uxinaniso lobugcisa bamanani

Ubugcisa bungaxhasa kwaye bucel ’ umngeni ulawulo lwendlela yokuziphatha. Kwesinye isandla, iinkqubo zamanani zinganyusa ukubonakala okungephi kwizinto ezivulekileyo zedata, iinkqubo zokutyhila ezizenzekelayo, kunye nokulandelela ii-bloko ezisekelwe kwimali karhulumente. Kwelinye icala, ubugcisa obufana nobuyingcali, ukwenziwa kwemigaqo-mthetho, kunye nokujongwa kwezezentlalo kuphakamisa imibuzo emitsha engokokuziphatha malunga notyekelo, ukuzifihla, nokuphendula. Imigaqo yexesha elizayo iya kufuneka ithethe nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa ngendlela efanelekileyo ngamagosa kawonke, kuquka iimfuno zobuchule bokucacisa ulwazi olungeyo kunye nolawulo loluntu lwezigqibo buchule bokwe-atroma.

Intshukumo kwimigangatho yehlabathi lonke

Ukunganyaniseki komda, ukungahlawuli irhafu, nokukhutshwa kwemali okungekho mthethweni kuye kwabalaselisa imfuneko yentsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Izandulela ezifana ne- i-Trastancy International yemigaqo-nkqubo kunye neendibano ze-OECD ezichasene nobhishophu zikhuthaza ukudityaniswa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, sisenokubona ukukhutshwa kwemithetho ephakamileyo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yehlabathi, ingakumbi kwimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe, iibhanki yophuhliso, kunye nenkonkxa yezizwe ezidiza ekuthelelwa kuyo uluntu.

Ukuba Ngummi Ongakumbi Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwimilinganiselo Yokuziphatha

Abahlali bafuna ngenkani ukuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ichazwe kwaye inyanzeliswe njani. Imigaqo edityanisweyo . "njengengxilolo yoluntu] yemithetho yokuziphatha, iibhodi zolawulo, kunye nemigangatho ye-intanethi yokuxela ukungalungisi nokusabela kwemigaqo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha"inokuqinisa ukufaneleka nokusabela. Ukuqhubana noluntu kwakhona kunceda ukufumanisa inkxalabo ekhoyo engokwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha amagosa anokungayihoyi.

Ukuqwalasela Imigaqo Yokuziphatha Nendlela Yokungenelela

Iindlela ezisekelwe kwisithethe zokuthobela zicinga ukuba amagosa ayakuyilandela imithetho ukuba ayayazi kwaye ukuba ngaba imigaqo yokuziphatha inamandla. Uphando lwendlela yokuziphatha, noko, lubonisa ukuba ucalucalulo olungekho mthethweni, iingcinezelo zentlalo, kunye neemeko ezikhoyo zingakhokelela kwanabantu abazimisele kakuhle ekwenzeni izinto ngokungekho mthethweni. Imigaqo yexesha elizayo ingaquka “iiindlela zokungagqibeki ezinokukhetha ezikhetha ukubonakalisa ukubonakala, izikhumbuzi zendlela yokuziphatha phambi kwezigqibo ezingundoqo, kunye neenguqu kwinkcubeko yentlangano ezinciphisa ukuthathsa ukuziphatha okubi.

Isiphelo

Imigaqo yezoburhulumente ayibuyolo obusetyenziswa kakuhle; ayiyomfuneko ukuba nayiphi na inkqubo yolawulo efuna ukuba yenzeke kakuhle, iphumelele, kwaye ithembeke. Ngokuchaza imida yehambo eyamkelekileyo, banceda ekuthinteleni urhwaphilizo, bakhuthaza ukuphendula, baqinisekise ukuba amagosa kawonke-wonke akhonze umdla kawonke wonke kunenzuzo yangasese. Noko ke, ubukho balo khokelo angonele. Amandla awo aqwalaselwa kuphela xa efakwe kwimiqathango yesiseko esixhasayo: omnye onikela uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo, okhuthaza incoko, okhuthaza ukuvuleka, okhusela imilinganiselo yempepho, onyanzelela imilinganiselo engakhethi, kunye nokuzimela okuthe ngeendlela zolawulo. Njengoko ulawulo luntsonkongolulwayo, ukuzinikela komthetho kuya kuhlala kumandla oluntu nolulungelelwayo.