Indima engenakucinywa yeZikhokelo zeNkxaso kwiNkcitho yoRhulumente

Urhwaphilizo luhlala lungomnye weyona mpembelelo iyingozi kulawulo lwangoku, ibangela ukuba abantu baphelelwe ngumthetho, iintlawulo ezithenjiweyo, ukugqwetha uqoqosho, nokuphucula ukungalingani kwentlalo. Xa amagosa karhulumente esebenzisa kakubi iindawo zawo ukuze afumane inzuzo yobuqu, yonke izivumelwano zoluntu. Abahlali bayadimazeka, barhoxele ekubekeni imali kwamanye amazwe, kwaye umthetho uyaphelelwa. Ngoxa imigaqo esemthethweni kunye namaziko okugunyazisayo ekwakheni imigaqo yokulwa ukonakala, ayagxeka ekulweni nokonakala, ayangenelwa ngokwawo. Le ngxelo imigaqo yemigaqo yezobucukubhede ichaza ukuziphatha okwamkelekileyo kwamagosa oluntu, kwaye ithetha iinka eziluncedo ehlabathini lonke. Bamisela izilangazelelo ezicacileyo, impucuko, ukukhuthaza impucuko, kwaye banika isalathatho lwekhompathiso somthetho esilawulayo esidala ukuchasa ukonakala komthetho.

Ukuchaza Urhwaphilizo Nemiphumo Yalo

Urhwaphilizo luquka iingcinga ezahlukeneyo zokunganyaniseki okanye ezingekho mthethweni ngabo banegunya. Ngokufuthi luchazwa njengokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla aphathisiweyo ukuze kungenelwe abantu. Ukuqonda iintlobo zalo ezininzi linyathelo lokuqala ekuyileni imilinganiselo esebenzayo yokulwa.

  • Bribliote: Ukunikela, ukupha, ukwamkela, okanye ukucela into yexabiso ukuphembelela isenzo esisemthethweni. Oku kungabandakanya imali, izipho, uncedo, okanye kwanezithembiso zomsebenzi wexesha elizayo.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukusetyenziswa kwemali: Ukurhwaphiliswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali okanye izinto ezibekwe kwinkathalo yomntu ngumqeshi okanye urhulumente. Amagosa karhulumente angatsala imali e-ofisini kwiibhanki, aphambukise izibonelelo ukuya kwii-akhawunti zobuqu, okanye asebenzise kakubi impahla karhulumente.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukukhetha: unika izikhundla okanye iingenelo kwizalamane, abahlobo, okanye amahlakani ezobupolitika ngaphandle kokuzingca. Oku kunciphisa ubuchule bamaqumrhu kawonke-wonke kwaye kubangela ukuba ukungabikho kwempumelelo.
  • I-Pronage kunye nolawulo-lwazi: Ukusasaza imisebenzi karhulumente, izivumelwano, okanye iinkonzo ezitshintshiselana ngenkxaso yezopolitiko okanye ukunyaniseka. Oku kugqwetha iinkqubo zedemokhrasi kunye neqonga elikhuthazayo.
  • Intelekelelo yenzala: Iimeko apho imfuno yabucala yegosa likarhulumente, i-(finanicial, okanye buqu/i-interference ngemisebenzi yalo kawonke-wonke. Kwanembonakalo yengxabano ingonakalisa ukuthembana.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukukhupha kunye ne-Kickbacks: ifuna intlawulo okanye intsebenziswano xa ubuyela ekwenzeni imisebenzi yasemthethweni, ukuhlawulwa kwezivumelwano, okanye ukunika imvume.

Imiphumo yokungathintelwa kokonakala iyatshabalalisa. ngokwezoqoqosho, inyusa intengo, ithintela utyalo-mali, kwaye iphazamisa ubuncwane kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke ezibalulekileyo njengemfundo kunye nonyango (IBhanki yehlabathi, ] Izixhobo zesakhelo ze-Anti, kwaye inokuthintela ukubamba izilangazelelo ezinamandla. I-Ofisi yeZizwe ezimanyeneyo ichaphazela onke amazwe, kodwa iziphumo zayo zininzi zikhokelele ekungeneni kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezonakeleyo. Ngokuthelela kwezobupolitika, inciphisa iinkqubo zedemokhrasi, inciphisa ukuvota, kwaye inokuthi ikhokelele ekufumaneni izilangazelelo ezinamandla. I-Ofili yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kwiziyobisi neCrime ithi ukonakala kuchaphazela wonke amazwe asakhasa, kodwa iziphumo zayo zikhohlakele, apho zinokuqhathelisa khona izigidi ze-buhlweni ([FF:NF]]FF]]]]

Umsebenzi wentambo wesikhokelo

Imigaqo yenzululwazi isebenza njengesiseko esisebenzayo, esikhuselayo. Ayiloluhlu nje lwemiqathango kodwa yingxelo ekhuthazayo yexabiso elimele lilawule inkonzo kawonke-wonke. Xa yenziwe kwaye isetyenziswa kakuhle, yenza imisebenzi emininzi enzima.

Ukukhuthaza Ingqibelelo Njengendawo Eqhelekileyo

Imigaqo yenzululwazi imisela ukuthembeka njengomgangatho ongangeni manyathelo. Ngokuzichaza ngokucacileyo isimilo esilindelekileyo `njengenyaniso, ukungacaluli, nokuhlonela umthetho'. /Izenza ulwahlulo phakathi kwamagosa kawonke-wonke. Oku kunciphisa ukungaqondakali: isicaka esijongene nesigqibo esinzima singajonga imigaqo yokugqiba indlela elungileyo yokwenza izinto. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ingqibelelo iyabethelelwa kwisithethe sentlangano, yenza ukonakala kube lula kwaye kubonakale lula xa kusenzeka.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubonisa ngaphaya kunye nokukhusela

Ukukhanya kungutshaba lorhwaphilizo. Umzekelo, imigaqo engqongqo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ifuna ukuba amagosa karhulumente atyhile izilangazelelo zawo zemali, iimpahla, amatyala, kunye nayo nayiphi na imisebenzi engaphandle okanye amaqela anokudala inkxwaleko yomdla. Le nkcazelo isoloko isenziwa ifumaneke ekuhleni, ivumela abemi, intatheli, kunye neequmrhu zolawulo ukuba bajonge iingxabano ezinokwenzeka. Umzekelo, amazwe amaninzi ngoku apapasha izibhengezo zemali eluncedo kumagosa aphezulu, ekwenza kube nzima ukufihla ubutyebi obungekho mthethweni. [i transpanency International Powertion Perceptions Index

Ukwakha Ukuthenjwa Nomthetho

Xa abemi bebona ukuba urhulumente wabo ubotshwe yimithetho ecacileyo yokuziphatha nokuba ukohlwaywa, ukuthemba amaqumrhu kawonke-wonke kuyakhula. Ukuthembana kuyinto ebalulekileyo kuwo nawuphi na urhulumente: kwenza abemi bakulungele ngakumbi ukuthobela imithetho, ukuhlawula irhafu, nokusebenzisana neenkqubo zikawonke wonke. Ngokuchasene noko, ukungathembani kunokukhokelela ekuxhathiseni, ukuqhatha, nokuwohloka kocwangco lwentlalo. Imigaqo yezenkcubeko ingumqondiso ocacileyo wokuba urhulumente uzithatha nzulu iimbopheleleko zakhe kwaye uzinikele ekukhonzeni inzuzo kawonke wonke ngaphezu kwenzuzo yabantu.

Amalungu abalulekileyo emigca yesikhokelo esebenzayo

Asizizo zonke imigaqo yokuziphatha esebenzayo ngokufanayo. Ukuze iphembelele, kufuneka iquke izinto eziliqela ezakhiweyo nezingokwendalo ezizenza zicace, zinyanzeleke, zifaneleke.

  • Iinkcazelo ezicacileyo kunye neMizekeliso: Ulwimi lwe-Vatue lumema utoliko kunye nokungena ezibukweni. Imigaqo esebenzayo isebenzisa ulwimi oluchanekileyo kwaye inika imizekelo ecacileyo yehambo eyalelweyo. Umzekelo, endaweni yokuthi “musa ukwamkela izipho,” zingakhankanya ixabiso eliphezulu (umz. $25) kunye noluhlu lwezipho ezingavunyelwanga, njengemali okanye uhambo.
  • Intethelelo yenzala iyakuyibeka: Ezi kufuneka zigubungele izilangazelelo zemali, ulwalamano lwentsapho, kunye nomsebenzi wangaphandle. Kufuneka bafune amagosa ukuba azibeke esichengeni nasiphi na isigqibo apho kukho ingxabano kwaye atyhile ekunokwenzeka ukuba kukho iingxabano.
  • Ukuchaza kunye noKhuselo lwe Wistleer: Indlela yokunika ingxelo eqinileyo iyafuneka. Amagosa kufuneka abe nendlela ekhuselekileyo, eyimfihlo, nefikelelekayo yokuxela isimilo esingalunganga. Okubalulekileyo kukukhusela okunamandla ekuphindezelweni kwabavuzi bempempe. Ukoyika iphindezelo yenye yezona zinto zithintelo zikhulu ekubhenceni urhwaphilizo.
  • Iziphumo Ezicacileyo Zokwaphula: Ukuba imigaqo itheth'eyintengo, izakungahoywa. Kufuneka zichaze izenzo zoqeqesho zokwaphula/ukusuka kwizilumkiso kunye noqeqesho olunyanzelekileyo kwintengiso, ukususa umva, ukukhupha umthetho wetyala. Ukungalungisi komthetho kungundoqo.
  • [[NTLALA:0] Uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo kunye nemfundo: Amagosa kufuneka aqonde kungekuphela nje ukuba yiyiphi imithetho kodwa isizathu sokuba ibaluleke. Uqeqesho lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kufuneka lunikezelwe ekungeneni nasekuphindeni. Ufundo olusekelwe kwityala lungaphumelela kakhulu, luvumele amagosa ukuba asebenze kwiingxaki zemilinganiselo ekhoyo.
  • [[NTL: 0] Impinda yePreicodic kunye noHlaziya: Imingeni yezobunzululwazi iguquka njengeenguqu zebutho labantu. Imigaqo-sikhokelo kufuneka ibuye ilungiswe rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa ukuphendula imiba emitsha efana nokusetyenziswa kwezentlalo-ntle yogcino-lwazi, imfihlo yogcino-lwazi, okanye ukuvela kweentlobo zorhwaphilizo olufana nokukhutshwa korhwebo lwamanani.

Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yesikhokelo: Ukusuka kwiphepha ukuya kuqhelisela

Ukwenza uxwebhu linyathelo lokuqala. Ukuzalisekisa imigaqo-nkqubo kufuna ukuzibophelela okuqhubekayo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente, okuxhaswa ngamaziko anamandla nayinkcubeko exabise imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Ukuzibophelela Nokumisela Imizekelo

Isandi sibekwe phezulu. Iinkokeli zobupolitika, abalungiseleli, abasebenzi abaphezulu, neentloko zesebe kufuneka zibonakale zibambelele kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Xa iinkokeli zibonwa zisamkela iinkoliseko, zizenza ngokwazo, okanye zityeshele iimbambano zomdla, umyalezo ucacile: imithetho ayiyomfuneko. Ngokuchaseneyo, iinkokeli ezisoloko zibonakalisa ingqibelelo ngokuzithethelela xa zifanelekile, zichaza izinto zazo, kwaye zibeka inxaxheba ekuphenduleni ukubaluleka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Amazwe amaninzi aye amisela abaphathi abazimeleyo okanye amagosa alwa nemithetho elwa norhulumente abanegunya lokuphengulula nokuxhasa ihambo evakalala, kwanamagosa aphezulu aphakamisa abaphathi.

Uqeqesho nokwakhiwa komsebenzi

Uqeqesho lwendlela yokusebenza akufunekanga lube yinkqubo yokuqeqesha yexesha elinye. Kufuneka isebenzisane, isebenzise, kwaye ilungele iindima ezithile zamagosa. Umzekelo, abaphathi-mikhosi bafuna ukhokelo ngendlela yokuphatha ulwalamano lwabathengisi ngaphandle kokudala ingxabano; abahloli berhafu bafuna uqeqesho lokuphepha ukunyotywa. Iinkampani ezisekelwe kwimiba yeqonga, iimodyuli ze-intanethi, kunye neeklasi zokuhlaziya zinganceda ekwenzeni izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ukongeza, abaphathi bemithetho yokuziphatha phakathi komziko ngamnye banokusebenza njengovimba wamagosa angazinzanga abangaqinisekanga ngehambo efanelekileyo.

Ukunyanzeliswa Kobuchule Bokuphendula

Kwanezikhokelo ezingcono azinantsingiselo ngaphandle kokunyanzelisa. Oorhulumente kufuneka bamisele iziqu ezizimeleyo . ezifana neekomiti zemilinganiselo, ii-ofisi ze-ombusts, okanye iikhomishini echasene nokonakala (*. ngegunya lokuphanda izikhalazo, ihambo, kwaye imisele izivumo. La maqela kufuneka abe nenkxaso epheleleyo, ezimeleyo ngokwezobupolitika, kwaye abonakale kwimisebenzi yawo. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokugweba kufuneka ikwazi ukuvavanya urhwaphizo ngokuneyo. Isivumelwano seZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngokuchasene norhwaphilizo (UNCAC) sinika isicwangciso esibanzi sentsebenziswano yezizwe ekusebenzeni ([[FLT:]]

Ucelomngeni Lokubambelela Kwimilinganiselo Yokuziphatha

Nangona zibalulekile, imigaqo yokuziphatha ijongene nemiqobo ephawulekayo enokuzenza zibe buthathaka.

  • Ilack of Awage okanye Ukuqonda: kumasebe amaninzi karhulumente, amagosa awawazi ukhokelo olukhoyo okanye awaqondi ukuba angalusebenzisa njani. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kumazwe asakhasayo apho ubuchule bokuqeqesha bunqabile.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukunyanzelisa nokungakhutshwanga: Xa ukwaphula umthetho kungasohlwaywa] (ingakumbi ukuba amagosa omgangatho ophezulu abandakanyekile) iziphumo zokuthintela ziyashabalala. Isithethe sokungasohlwaywa sikhuthaza ukonakala okuqhubekayo.
  • I-Internective engqukuva: iqumrhu longamela lingadityaniswa nempembelelo yezobupolitika, ukubekwa kwe-RCC, okanye ukusika uqingqo-mali. Abavuli-mali bangajongana nempindezelo ukuba bajolise kwixhoba labantu abanxulumene nezobupolitika.
  • [[NTLALA:0] Ukutshintsha okuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwentlalo: Kwezinye iimeko, ukuphana izipho, ukuxhasa, kunye nokujolisana kusemgangathweni onzulu wentlalo. Ukutshintsha ezi mpawu akufuni mithetho kuphela kodwa kukwafuna utshintsho lwexesha elide lwenkcubeko olukhokelwa yimfundo namaphulo okwazisa abantu ngokubanzi.
  • Ukumanyana kunye nomthetho we-ofisi: neenkcukacha ezigqithisileyo okanye imigaqo emininzi ingadida amagosa kwaye yenze indlela yokuphepha. Ukuba ukuthobela kuba nzima, imigaqo yendlela yokuziphatha ingagqithwa okanye ingahoywa.
  • Uloyiko lokubuyiselwa: nangokhuseleko olusesikweni, abacuphi basoloko bejongisana nokuziphindezela okungacwangciswanga/ukubetha-phinda-phindwa, uhlolo lokusebenza okungelulo, okanye uthotho lwemisebenzi. Ukwakha imekobume ekhuselekileyo enika ingxelo kufuna inkxaso eqinileyo yenkcubeko kunye nemijelo engaziwayo yokubika.

Uphando lwetyala: Iimodeli zolawulo olunempumelelo

Amazwe aliqela aye abonisa ukuba imigaqo engqongqo yokuziphatha, edibene nokuphunyezwa ngamandla, inokuyinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo inkohlakalo ize iphucule ulawulo.

INew Zealand: Ukungaguqu-guquki Nokubonisa ngaphaya

I-New Zealand iqulathe imilinganiselo ngokungaguqukiyo phakathi kwamazwe abonakeleyo ehlabathini. Impumelelo yayo isekelwe kulwakhiwo lwemilinganiselo yengqibelelo ebanzi esebenza kubo bonke abalungiseleli bakawonke-wonke. UMthetho weNkonzo yePublic 2020 imisela imigaqo yehambo egxininisa ukungathathi cala kwezobupolitika, ukungacalucalucalulo, kunye nembopheleleko. Iinkalo ezingundoqo ziquka ukutyhilwa okunyanzelekileyo kwezilangazelelo zemali kubalungiseleli namagosa aphezulu, imithetho engqongqo kwizipho nakubukrwano bobuk ’ iindwendwe, kunye ne-Ombustman engqinela izikhalazo. Ukubonakala kuqiniswa ngokukhutshwa kwezivumelwano ze-Rhulumente, imizuzu, kunye nenkcitho. Inkcubeko yengqibelelo izele ngokunzulu, kwaye i-ondlksigna, kunye nokugcinwa komthetho okuthenjiweyo okubangelwa nguwonke-ok

ISingapore: Ukunyamezelana Kweqanda Nokufumana Ityala Eliphakamileyo

Iqhinga leSingapore lokulwa nokonakala lisekelwe kwintsika ezintathu: ukuthintelwa, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nemfundo kawonke-wonke. I-Ebiboc Practics Investigation Bureau (CPIB) isebenza ngokwayo kwaye inamagunya amakhulu okuphanda naliphi na igosa likarhulumente. Imigaqo yezemfundo ingqongqo: amagosa akakwazi ukwamkela nasiphi na isipho esingaphaya kwexabiso lomntu, kwaye inkxwaleko yenzala igubungela izalamane, izilangazelelo zeshishini, kwanokwabelana nokunganyaniseki. Ityala lokunganyaniswa korhwaphiko luquka ukuvalwa, ukuvalelwa, ukulahlwa kwempahla. Urhulumente ukwanelisa kakhulu kwimfundo yemfundo yemfundo, ukufundisa imigaqo kwizikolo nokuqhuba amaphulo okulwa kokonakala. Isiphumo sinkqubo apho urhwaqeshongo olunqabileyo, uk ’ ukuncedisa ekuphaka kodumo lukarhulumente ngenxa yococococotho.

Estonia: Ukubonakala kwamanani

Estonia yakha omnye woorhulumente abacace kakhulu nababonakele kancinane eYurophu, ubukhulu becala ngenkqubo yayo yobuvulindlela. Zonke iinkqubo zikarhulumente ngokubhekisele kwizabelo zoqingqo-mali ukuze kufunyanwe izibhengezo zerhafu/eziququlwe kwaye zifikeleleke ekuhleni. Imigaqo yezobunzululwazi ifuna ukuba izigqibo zibhalwe ngekhompyutha, kunye nomgaqo ocacileyo wophicotho-zincwadi. Umthetho we-Anti-Corraption [ ugunyazisa izibhengezo zoncedo lwezoqoqosho lwawo onke amagosa kawonke-wonke, kwaye ezi zipapashwa kwi-intanethi. Izizwe ziyakwazi ukuqwalasela ukuchitha ixesha lokwenene, ukunciphisa amathuba e-mbezzlea kunye nokufumba. Indlela ye-Stonia ibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa izikhokelo zemfundo ezifanelekileyo ukuze zenze ubuchule bokusasazwano lokukhanya.

Ikamva: Ukuvumela Urhulumente Wanamhlanje Azibonelele Ngoorhulumente

Njengoko ubugcisa, umanyano lwehlabathi, nolindelo lukawonke wonke luguquka, imigaqo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kufuneka ilungelelane nokucombulula iingxaki ezintsha ngoxa ikhuthaza imilinganiselo ehlala ihleli.

Imithetho yokuziphatha yobuxhakaxhaka kunye nogcino-lwazi

Ukwenziwa kwemivo yeenkonzo zikarhulumente kudala ubungozi obutsha bemilinganiselo yokuziphatha: ucalucalulo lwemithetho yokuziphatha, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwenkcazelo yomntu, ukujongwa kwamapolisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhompyutha. Imigaqo yenzululwazi kufuneka iqukelele imigaqo yolawulo logcino-lwazi, ubuntlola obungeyoyamvelo, kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkonzo yamanani. Umzekelo, amagosa kufuneka aqeqeshelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo ezizenzekelayo azicalucalucalucalucaluca amaqela akhuselekileyo, kwaye nokuba amagosa abaphathi-majoni kufuneka athethe ngokusetyenziswa kolwazi lwezentlalo-wonke, ngokwahlula phakathi kwendlela yobuqu nehambo yamagosa asemthethweni.

Ukubandakanyeka Kummi Nokuphendula

Oorhulumente baya bekuqonda ukubaluleka kokubandakanya abemi ekunyamekeleni nasekuqulunqeni inkqubo. Uqingqo-mali olunenxaxheba, ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zommi ezinika ingxelo zingasebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yemigaqo yokuziphatha ngokunika abahlali ii-checks zangaphandle kwisenzo sikarhulumente. Xa benezixhobo nenkcazelo yokuhlola indleko kawonke-wonke, ukunganyaniseki kuba nzima ukukufihla. Abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka bakhuthaze ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuwonke wonke baze bakhusele abaxhasi ekuphicombululeni. Ngoku amazwe amaninzi afuna ukuchotshelwa kwemisebenzi emikhulu kwaye apapashe izivumelwano ze-intanethi ukuze kuhlolwe.

Imigangatho yomhlaba wonke kunye nentsebenziswano yolungelelwano lwakuMnqamlezo

Urhwaphilizo lusoloko lubandakanya ulawulo oluninzi lwamagosa angaphandle, ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngemixokelelwano yemali yomhlaba wonke, okanye izixhobo ezingekho mthethweni. Izixhobo zezizwe ngezizwe ezifana ne-UNCAC kunye ne-OECD AntiBribry Convention ecwangcisa imigaqo esisiseko yehambo nemithetho engqinelanayo. Oorhulumente kufuneka balungelelanise imigaqo yabo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nokugweba kwamagosa angaphandle amazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe kwaye basebenzisane ekuphengululeni, ekuncedenina ngokusemthethweni, kunye nokuphucula uncedo olusemgangathweni. I-ECD Anti-Briby Commentation Yoo wizo yeBridy [ iyisivumelwano esingundoqo sokuba ulwaphulo mthetho lokunyoba lwamagosa kawonke-wonke amazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe kwaye bakhuthaze ukubonakala kwimicimbi yezo zezo zezoshishino zehlabathi.

Isiphelo: Ukuzibophelela Ngokuqhubekayo Kwingqibelelo

Imigaqo yenzululwazi ayiyonto inokuba yingozi ukuphelisa ukunganyaniseki ngesiquphe. Noko ke, zisisiseko esibalulekileyo sikarhulumente onceda abemi bakhe ngengqibelelo, ngokubonakala, nangokuziphendulela. Xa edityaniswe nokunyanzeliswa kolawulo olunamandla, ulawulo oluzimeleyo, ukutshintsha kwenkcubeko, kunye nokubotshwa kombutho wabemi, benza imekobume apho kunzima khona ukuyenza ibe nengozi. Naluphi na urhulumente, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umgangatho wayo wokonakala, ungenelwa ekuhloleni nasekuqiniseni isiseko sawo sokuziphatha okuhle. Umlo nxamnye nokonakala awufanele uzuze ngokwenene; kufuneka ulwe yonke imihla ngezenzo zomcimbiso, ukulinda okungaguquguqukiyo, kwaye uzibophelele ekulungeni kwabantu. Indleko yokungalungi lukhulu kakhulu.