Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kawonke-wonke kusisiseko solawulo lwedemokhrasi. Xa abemi benokuyibona ngokucacileyo indlela eqokelelwa ngayo irhafu, ehlatywa ngayo, kunye nemali echithwayo, ukuthemba amaqumrhu kawonke wonke kuyaqinisa kwaye kubeka umngcipheko wokunganyaniseki. Ngaphezu koko, ukuvula kwenkcazelo yemali kunika uluntu ulwazi ngemicimbi yoluntu, kuvumela uluntu ukuba lugcine iinkokeli zinoxanduva, kwaye kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuncwane boluntu obufunekayo kwimfuno yokwenene kwimfuno yezentlalo-yo, izikolo, izikolo, iziko, kunye neminatha yokhuseleko. Kwihlabathi apho uqingqo-mali idla ngokugqitha amawaka ezigidi zeerandi, ukukwazi ukuqokelela zonke iintengiso ezivela kwi-apripria, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto isiphumo nje elungileyo.

Olu khokelo lwandisiweyo luhlola ukubaluleka kokubonakala kwimali kawonke-wonke, imigaqo esekelwe kuyo, imingeni engapheliyo yokufikelela, kunye namaqhinga avunyiweyo, akhutshwa yimizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene.

Ukubaluleka Kokusebenzisa Imali Kawonke - wonke Ngendlela Ebonisa Isidima

Ukubonisa ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kwemali kawonke-wonke kunceda imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo kwibutho lolawulo-moya. Kuvumela abemi ukuba baqonde indlela ii-dola zabo zerhafu ezisetyenziswa ngayo, bakhuthaza ukuphendula kumagosa karhulumente, kwaye banceda ekuthinteleni ukunganyaniseki nokungasetyenziswa kakuhle kwemali. Xa amaxwebhu oqingqo-mali, iingxelo zokuqokelelwa kwemali, kunye neengxelo zophicotho-zincwadi zifumaneka ekuhleni, urhulumente uzivula ukuze ahlole kwiintatheli, abaphandi, nakubemi abaqhelekileyo. Oku kusebenza njengesithintelo esinamandla ekuthinteleni ukuqhatha nokunga.

  • Intembeko yoluntu kurhulumente: Imiqondiso yokuba amagunya akananto angayifihlayo, anika intembelo yokuba imali kawonke-wonke isetyenziswa ngobulumko.
  • Abantu abaluqondayo uqingqo-mali badla ngokubandakanyeka kukhangelo lukawonke-wonke, bevote kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni, bexhasa izinto eziza kuqala kubo.
  • Inciphisa amathuba okunganyaniseki: Xa inkcitho ibonakala kwaye iphicothwa, intlawulo engavumelekanga kunye nezivumelwano ezinyusiweyo ziba nzima ukufihla.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Iqinisekisa ulwabelo lwezibonelelo: ugcino-lwazi olucace gca luvumela abaqulunqi benkqubo, abahlalutyi, kunye noluntu ukuchonga inkunkuma kunye nemali yenkcitho kwiinkqubo ezinika iziphumo.

Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kokubonakala ngaphaya kunye nokuncitshiswa kokonakala lubhalwe kakuhle. Ngokwe- Intembeko yehlabathi Lorhwaphilizo Perceptions Index, amazwe anamanqanaba aphezulu oqingqo-mali ngokuqhubekayo akwindawo esezantsi kukonakala okubonakalayo. Umzekelo, amazwe athatha inxaxheba kuHlahlo lwebhacabha [[FLT]]] [[FLT]]]]

Imigaqo Engundoqo Yokubonisa Umahluko

Ukufumana impumelelo yokubonisana kwinkcitho kawonke-wonke, imigaqo ethile engundoqo mayinyathelwe. Le migaqo ikhokela ukuphuhliswa nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo kwaye ivunywa ngokubanzi yimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe njengeInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) kunye neBhanki yehlabathi.

  • Intsingiselo yemali: ulwazi lwemali kufuneka lunikelwe ngendlela ecacileyo neqondakalayo. Ubuchule bomatshini wokutsala, izinto zemigca efihlakeleyo, kunye nezandi ezixineneyo zisusa uwonke-wonke. Iibhodi ezibonakalayo, ukushwankathelana kolwimi olucacileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokuncedisa kwibrorho ebamba isithuba.
  • Unikezelo: Ulwazi kufuneka lufumaneke lula kuluntu ngaphandle kwemiqobo engafunekiyo. Oku kuthetha upapasha iintanethi kwi-intanethi kwi-injini evulekileyo, iifomati zomatshini (CSV, JSON, XML) kunye nohlobo lokushicilela uluntu ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-intanethi.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Ugcino-lwazi lwezemali kufuneka lupapashwe rhoqo kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukugcina abemi besazi. Ixesha lokwenene okanye elifutshane nexesha lokunika ingxelo /ezifana nabagcini-rekhodi benkcitho yemihla ngemihla, kulungile; kuncincane, ngenyanga okanye ngekota uhlaziyo luyimfuneko.
  • [[NTLA] Imali: Lonke ulwazi lwemali olufanelekileyo kufuneka luqukwe ukubonelela ngenkcitho epheleleyo yokuchitha uwonke-wonke. Oku kuthetha ukugquma kungekuphela nje uqingqo-mali olusembindini kodwa kwanemali eyongezelelweyo, inkcitho yerhafu, kunye nemali karhulumente wasekuhlaleni.

Imigaqo eyongezelelekileyo eyaziwayo yiIMF Ikhowudi yokubonisa ngaphaya kwecala iquka ukutyhilwa komngcipheko (umz., amatyala, amaqabane kawonke-wonke ophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo) kunye nolawulo oluzimeleyo lophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo. Iziko eliphezulu lophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo. "Ii-Akhawunti yoLawulo ye-U.S. okanye i-General Accounting Office-Jillicrectorum-Jillictary" iquka umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukuba imali idityaniswe ngokwenene.

Iingxaki Zokuba Nemali Esetyenziswa Nguwonke Wonke

Nangona kubalulekile ukuba mhlophe, iingxaki ezininzi zingathintela ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Ukuqonda olu celomngeni kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuyilungisa.

  • Amagosa karhulumente angaxhathisa ukuchana kwe-Bureaucratic: ngenxa yokoyika ukuxilongwa, ukuphulukana nolawulo, okanye umsebenzi owongezelelekileyo obandakanyekileyo ekulungiseleleni ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo. Iquary intelertia kunye nempucuko yokufihla imfihlo inokuqiniswa nzulu.
  • Umlinganiselo wogcino-lwazi: ugcino-lwazi lwezemali lunokuba lunzima kwaye kube nzima kummi oqhelekileyo ukuluqonda. Amaxwebhu ohlahlo-lwabiwo lwamaphepha adla ngokusebenza amakhulu, ezaliswe zikhowudi zengxelo kunye nolwahlulo lobuchule. Ngaphandle kokwenza ikhowudi, ukubonelela, kunye namaphetshana acacisayo, kwanabona magama avulekileyo ahlala engekho.
  • Ubugcisa obungonelanga: Ukungabinazo izibonelelo zobugcisa kunokuthintela ukusasazwa kolwazi. Amazwe amaninzi asakhulayo axhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kumaphepha okanye kwii-database eziselubala ezinokungena lula kwii-portals. Ukuveliswa kwemali kwinkqubo yolawulo lwemali yale mihla (FMIS) kuyimfuneko efunekayo ekukhanyeni.
  • izilangazelelo zezopolitiko: iintshukumisa zezobupolitika zingakhokelela ekuboneni ngokukhethekileyo, apho kuphela inkcazelo elungileyo yabelwana ngexesha i-data enovelwano okanye ephoxekileyo ithintelwa. Oorhulumente basenokungalibazisanga ukupapashwa kwempapasho ukuphepha ukuphendula phambi kononyulo.
  • Ukungafundi nokukhupha imida yozibopha: naxa kupapashwa ugcino-lwazi, abemi basenokungabi nabuchule okanye intshukumisa yokuluhlolisisa. Ngaphandle kwemibutho yasekuhlaleni, amajelo-ndaba, kunye namaqela eenja ukutolika nokuthatha inyathelo kugcino-lwazi, ukubonakala okuphela akuqinisekisi ukuba baya kuphendula.
  • [[NTLA:0] Inkxalabo yokhuseleko nokhuseleko: ugcino-lwazi olunenkcukacha zokuchithwa komsebenzi lungangqubana nobucala bobuqu (umz., ulwazi lomvuzo wabaqeshwa bakawonke-wonke) okanye ukhuseleko lwesizwe (umz., ukufumaneka kokhuseleko). Ukulinganisa ukutyhileka nokufihla imfihlo okusemthethweni kusisixa esizingisileyo.

Izixhobo zobugcisa zokudlulisela ngaphaya

Ubuxhakaxhaka buye baba ngunobangela onamandla wokubonisa ukukhanya kwemali, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqokelela, ukupapasha, nokuhlalutya ukuchithwa kogcino-lwazi ngokwesikali. Oorhulumente ehlabathini jikelele bamkela izixhobo ezitsha zokuhamba ngaphaya kwee-PDF ezikhoyo ukuya kumaqonga anamandla, anokuxoxa.

Vula iiNtloko zogcino-lwazi kunye neebhodi eziqhawukayo

Iindawo zogcino-lwazi eziphakathi eBrazil , ezifana ezijingajingayo.gov eUnited States, Prigal da Transparência kwaye [FLT] inyathelo lokuvula ubhatalo-mali [[FLT:]] olunqamlezayo Yurophu [[FLT] ukuvumela abemi ukuphendla, icebo, kunye nokulayisha iingxelo ezinenkcukacha zezivumelwano zikarhulumente, inikeza, inika, kunye nemivuzo. Ezi zizibuko zenziwa rhoqo zakhiwe kwimiqathango evuliweyo enokuthi ilungiswe zezinye oorhulumente.

Iblokhchain yokufumana i-Expenditut

Ubugcisa beblockchain bunika isikhokeli sophando esichaseneyo nesinokubhala yonke intengiso ngexesha lokwenene. Ngeli xesha isekuqanjweni kwangaphambili ukwenzela uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente, imisebenzi yenqwelo-moya kumazwe afana ne-Georgia neSierra Leone iye yasebenzisa izithintelo ukulandelela uncedo lokukhutshwa kwezixhobo kunye nokufumana uluntu. Ukungaguquguquki kwebloko kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulungisa iirekhodi ngendlela esebenzayo, edimaza ukuqhatha.

Ubuntlola obenziweyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kolwimi

Izixhobo ze-AI zingavavanya amawaka amaxwebhu okuthelekisa kunye nemigca yoqingqo-mali yokudubula amaxabiso aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga, izivumelwano ezipheleleyo, okanye intlawulo kubathengisi abamnyama. Ulungiso lolwimi lwendalo lungaguqula iingxelo zoqingqo-mali ezintsonkothileyo zibe yimishwana yolwimi olucacileyo, ukuze zifikeleleke kubantu abangengochwepheshe.

Ukudityaniswa kwemiqathango yemfuza nokungathathi Nqaqo

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuqingqo-mali (PB) kuvumela abemi ukuba bagqibe ngokungqalileyo indlela yokusebenzisa inxalenye yoqingqo-mali lukawonke-wonke. Izixeko ezinjenge-New York, Paris, nePorto Alegre zisebenzise iPB ukunikezela izigidi zeerandi, kunye namaqonga e-intanethi avumela abemi ukuba bacebise, baxubushe, kwaye bavote kwimiboniso. I-PB ayinyusi nje kuphela ukubonakala kodwa iyayandisa ukuthembana kwabemi kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ukuthenga kubonakalisa izinto eziza kuqala kuluntu.

Uhlolisiso Lwezinyathelo Eziphumelelayo Zokubona ngaphaya Kwecala

Amazwe amaninzi aye aphumelela ekusebenziseni iindlela zokubonisa imbonakalo ezisetyenziswa ngabanye.

  • INew Zealand:[FLT: 1] eyaziwa ngenyathelo layo elivulekileyo likarhulumente, iNew Zealand inika ugcino-lwazi oluninzi lwemali kuluntu ngokubanzi. Inkqubo yayo yezoqoqosho inika iinkcukacha, ulwazi oluphezulu kuzo zonke iintengiso zikarhulumente. Eli lizwe lisoloko linemiba ephezulu kuMbanzi woHlo lokwehla koluvo-mali.
  • Brazil: I-"Porteral da Transparência" ivumela abemi ukuba balandelele iindleko zikarhulumente ngexesha lokwenene, kuquka iinkcukacha zomvuzo wabasebenzi bakawonke-wonke, izivumelwano zomrhumo, kunye neemali ezihlawulwayo. Ukundululwa ngo-2004, izibuko linconyelwe ngokunciphisa ukonakala kumgangatho wezwe kwaye liphembelela iizibuko ezifanayo kumazwe amaninzi.
  • United States: Iwebsite ye USA inika ukubonakala okucacileyo kwimali karhulumente, inika abemi ithuba lokubona indlela enikwa ngayo irhafu. Idalwe nguMthetho weDATA ka-2014, ngoku engaphezu kwama-90% amasebe karhulumente anikela ingxelo ngogcino-lwazi lwabo olukwindlela esezantsi, elungiselelwe umatshini. Ingingqi iquka iinkcukacha zomgangatho wematshini, ukwenza kube lula ukubona yonke izivumelwano phantsi kwe-R37.
  • yaseMzantsi Korea: urhulumente uthathe ukubonakala kwamanani, unika abemi ukufumaneka okulula kolwazi loqingqo-mali kwi-intanethi nge- u-Open Government Portal[. Inkqubo ye- Korea yaseMzantsi ilandele zonke iinkcazelo zemali kunye nolwaleko lwabasebenzi basekuhlaleni ngokufumana kunye nokufumana ulwazi lokufumana inkxalabo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kenya: Inkqubo yolwazi lolawulo lwezemali edityanisiweyo (IFMIS) isetyenzisiwe ukupapasha ugcino-lwazi loqingqo-mali kwi-intanethi. Nangona uzalisekiso lwangaphambili lujamelene neengxaki, utshintsho oluqhubekayo luphucule ixesha logcino-lwazi kwaye luvumele abemi norhulumente bengingqi ukuba bajonge inkcitho ephumelelayo.

Ukulinganisa Imbonakalo: Iziphumo kunye nophawu

Ukuze kuqondwe ukuba imigudu yokubona iyasebenza kusini na, kubalulekile ukuyilinganisela ngenjongo, ngezixhobo ezifanayo nezizweni lonke.

Vula Uvavanyo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali (OBS)

Iqhutywa yi-International Bactal Privedship (IBP), i-OBS ivavanya amazwe ngamanqanaba amathathu: ukubonakala (uninzi kangakanani ulwazi loqingqo-mali olukhoyo), ukuthathi-nxaxheba kuwonke-wonke (iiindawo ezifuna abemi babandakanyeke kwiinkqubo zoqingqo-mali), kunye nolawulo loqingqo-mali (amandla eenkqubo zowiso-mthetho kunye nophicotho-zincwadi). Olu hlolisiso lwakutshanje lugubungela amazwe angaphezu kwe-2020 000 kwaye lunika uphawu olucacileyo lotshintsho.

Vula ibhalometer yogcino-lwazi kunye nesalathisi sogcino-lwazi lwehlabathi oluvulekileyo

Ezi ziqinisekiso zilinganisa ukufumaneka nokusebenziseka kogcino-lwazi lukarhulumente oluvulekileyo, kuquka uqingqo-mali kunye nokuchitha ulwazi. IWorld Wide Web Foundation’s Open Data Barometer ihlola ukukulungela, ukuzalisekisa kunye nokuchaphazela kogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo koorhulumente.

Isalathiso sokubona ngaphaya kweliso sorhwaphilizo lwehlabathi

Nangona ingajoliswanga kuphela ekusebenziseni imali, iCPI isebenza ngamandla ngobuchule bokubonisa uqingqo-mali. Amazwe aphucula ukubonakala kwazo asoloko ebona inkqubela-phambili kukonakala kwawo ekuhambeni kwexesha, eqinisa impikiswano yokuba ukuvula lula sisixhobo esisebenzayo esichasene nokonakala.

Uvavanyo lokucace gca (FTE)

Izenzo ze-IMF kumazwe angamalungu, zinika uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwengxelo yabo ebanzi, uqikelelo kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali, kunye nohlolo lomngcipheko. Olu hlolisiso luquka icebiso elisebenzayo oorhulumente abanokulamkela ukuvala izithuba zokubonakala kwelinye icala.

Indima Yoluntu noosomashishini Ekukhuthazeni Ukubonakala Kwabantu

Imibutho yamakhaya neyamajelo eendaba azimeleyo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwemali kawonke-wonke.

  • Inkcitho karhulumente ephazamisayo: amaqela ajongileyo njengeprojekthi ye-akhawuntabity (US) okanye iJaji yeNtlalo-ntle (Umzantsi Afrika) ilandela iinkcitho zikawonke-wonke kunye nengxelo yokungangqinelani kwamaziko ophicotho-zincwadi kunye nomatshini wokushicilela.
  • Ukwazisa uluntu ngokubanzi: I-NGOS ingafundisa abemi ngamalungelo abo okufumana ulwazi, ukuqhuba iziqendu zokuqeqesha ukufundeka koqingqo-mali, nokuqhuba amaphulo okususa ugcino-lwazi lwemali.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango yezomthetho ukutshintsha: Imfuno yemibutho yasekuhlaleni ingabhenela kwimithetho ethi i-inshine yembonakalo yenqanawa, njengelungelo lolwazi lweZenzo, ukufumana izindululo, kunye neemfuno ezizimeleyo zophicotho-zincwadi.
  • [[NTLALA:0] Ingxoxo enika ulwazi: incoko ezicacisiweyo phakathi kwamagosa karhulumente namaqela abemi]. Umzekelo, ngokuva uqingqo-mali, iiholo zedolophu, okanye ngokuthetha kwi-intanethi yamaqonga."i-platfomu ukuthemba kunye nokusebenzisana ngeli xesha kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchitha imali kuhambelana neemfuno zikawonke-wonke.
  • Ubujoni bobundisholo-lwazi obungaqondakaliyo: Abacholacholi bogcino-lwazi basebenzisa ii-data zokuchitha uwonke wonke ukutyhila urhwaphilizo, ukungafezeki, okanye ukungaphatha kakuhle. Ingxelo yabo ingenza uphando lwasemthethweni lukhokelele kwiinguqu zenkqubo. Imizekelo engacacanga iquka i-International Consortium of Investigative Mindicators (IIGIJ) Panama Panama Papers, ezibhexele uphando olufihlakeleyo lokuhamba ngemali oludityaniswe kumagosa kawonke.

Utyekelo Lwexesha Elizayo Kukukhanya Okucacileyo

Izithembiso ezininzi ezivelayo zokukwazi ukucombulula intlungu nokuziphendulela kwiminyaka ezayo ziyaqhubeka zibonakala.

Iibhodi eziqhawukayo zokuphumeza uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenene lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Inkqubela kwinkqubo yolawulo lwemali ngoku ivumela oorhulumente ukuba bapapashe ugcino-lwazi kwiyure okanye kwanemizuzu yentengiselwano. Iibhodi zexesha lokwenene ziba yinto eqhelekileyo kumazwe obuvulindlela, nto leyo enceda abemi babone ukuba kungakanani kanye okuye kwachithwa kwiprojekthi yendlela namhlanje ngokuphikisana noko bekucetyiwe yinyanga.

Imigangatho yogcino-lwazi lomatshini efundwayo nenokuqhutywa

Ukwamkelwa komgangatho wogcino-lwazi oluqhelekileyo `njengo' Umthetho weData ku-US okanye I-IMF'S umgangatho wogcino-lwazi olukhethekileyo (SDDS) uqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi olusuka kumasebe ahlukeneyo namazwe lungadityaniswa kwaye luthelekiswe. Oku kusebenza kuyimfuneko kwimisebenzi yenkqubela-phambili yezizwe kunye nophando lwemidatha.

Uqingqo-mali Lwabemi Nezinto Ezinento Ezinokubonwa

Oorhulumente abaninzi bavelisa "uqingqo-mali oluninzi"", ithutyana, iinguqulelo ezinemifanekiso zoxwebhu lohlahlo-mali olupheleleyo ```lsebenzisa iinkcazelo, iitafile ezilula, kunye nolwimi olucacileyo. Xa zidityaniswe nezixhobo zokusebenzisana ezivumela abasebenzisi balungelelanise ukusetyenziswa kwemali ephambili okanye utshintsho lwerhafu, ezi zibonelelo ziguqula ukusetyenziswa koxakelelwa ngoxakeka.

Ubuntlola Obenziweyo Ukuze Bufumaneke Ngokungabonakaliyo

Amanani e-algorithm e-AI asetyenziswa ngokukhulayo ukuvavanya izitoliki zogcino-lwazi ukwenzela iipateni zokuxhobisa, ukunyusa iseyile, okanye ukugqithisa. Izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo zingathunyelwa kwimibutho yooveleli ukuze zihlolwe ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko iimodeli zokufunda ngomatshini ziphucula, amandla okufumana nokunqanda ukonakala ngexesha lokwenene aya kuba namandla angakumbi.

Ingxaki yokuthintela uncedo nemeko-bume

Uncedo lwehlabathi kunye nokuhamba kwemali yemozulu kubandakanya abadlali abaninzi − abasebenzi, oorhulumente, iiNGO, iintsebenziswano , zenza ukuba babe sengozini yokuvuza. Iqonga elisekelwe kwiblockchain linganikezela ngomkhondo wemali ongenakuguqulwa ukusuka kumnikeli ukuya kwimbuyekezo yokugqibela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali ifikelela ekusetyenzisweni kwayo. Iinqwelo-moya zeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zeDevelopment Programme neWorld Bank zihlola le ndlela.

Isiphelo

Ukujongana nokusetyenziswa kwemali kawonke-wonke kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni uxanduva lwemali kunye nolwakhe ugcino-lwazi phakathi koorhulumente nabemi. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo engundoqo / ukufumaneka, ukufikelela, ixesha, ukuzalana kobugcisa bezi mini, oorhulumente bangenza ugcino-lwazi loqingqo-mali luvuleke ngokwenene kwaye lusebenze. Ukoyisa ukuxhathisa kobuchule, ukuphucula ulwazi, nokulungisa inkxalabo yemfihlo kuhlala kusemngeni, kodwa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ukukhaphulela oku kunika inzuzo ekuncitshisweni kokonakala, ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo okuphuculwayo, kunye nokudipolaniswa kwedemokhrasi okunamandla.

Indima yebutho lasekuhlaleni, imithombo yezorhwebo, nemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe ibalulekile ekuxhaseni uxhaso. Inika uhlolo, ukukhuthuza, kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa eguqula ugcino-lwazi olungalungiswanga lube kukuphendula. Njengoko ingxelo yexesha lokwenene, i-Al, kunye noqingqo-mali olunokwahlukana lusanda, umbono karhulumente obonisa ngokwenyaniso okhanyayo, `apho wonke ummi unokufumana kwaye umgangatho ngamnye unokufumana ilizwi ngokukhula.

Koorhulumente abaqala nje olu hambo, indlela engaphambili icacile: qala ngempapasho ebanzi, efundeka ngomatshini yokuphumeza uqingqo-mali, utyalo kwizixhobo kunye noqeqesho lwabemi; kwaye wenze izakhiwo ezisemthethweni ezigunyazisa ukuvuleka nokukhusela abavuli-mlozi. Ityala leFiscal alikokuguqula ixesha elinye kodwa lingummiselo oqhubekayo wokuvumela ukukhanya kukhanye kuyo yonke inkcitho kawonke-wonke.