Iindlebe zeBhunga zingaphezulu kakhulu kunenkqubo yezentengiselwano yemithetho eUnited States. Zimela ibala lokuqala apho abaqulunqi bemithetho, iingcali zolawulo, abaxhasi bamashishini, kunye nabemi abachaphazelekayo badibana ukuze bahlolisise iinkqubo ezicetyisiweyo. Kulo shishino oluncinane (eziquka 99,9 ekhulwini lawo onke amashishini ase-U.S. kwaye zisebenzisa phantse isiqingatha semisebenzi yeqela labucala lecawa. /iiindlela yokuva i-injini yezoqoqosho (*) enokugqiba enoba umthwalo onyanzelekileyo, ityala liyakhutshwa, okanye inkqubo yokuboleka imali ikhutshwe ngaphezulu. Ukuqonda indlela okufuneka ngayo ukuva kwemibutho efana nomthetho encinci yezoshishino, iinkcuthaniso, nabani nabani na okhathalele i-injini yezoqoqosho eqhutywa yi-Ether Street.

Umsebenzi nokwakhiwa kweMicimbi yeeNkcubeko

Iintlanganiso zeBhunga eziququzelelwayo ziqhutywa ziikomiti okanye amakomiti angaphantsi eNdlu yabameli okanye iNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Iinjongo zazo eziphambili ziquka ukuhlanganisa ulwazi, ukuqhuba ulawulo, kunye nokwakha ingxelo ethethelela isenzo sowiso-mthetho sexesha elizayo. Phantsi kwemithetho yegumbi ngalinye, iikomiti zinegunya elibanzi kumangqina angaphantsi, amaxwebhu okucela, kunye nokunyanzela ubungqina. Le nkqubo ilawulwa ngusihlalo wekomiti, obeka izicwangciso, ubiza amangqina, aze aphathe ixesha lomgangatho.

Ukuvakala kwetyala kudityaniswe kwimiba emininzi eyahlukileyo. Indlebe ezithe ngqo zidityaniswe ukuqwalasela ityala okanye iseti yeendleko. AmaNgqina ngokuqhelekileyo aquka amagosa karhulumente, abameli benkampani, kunye nabaninizo bezoshishino. /ukunikela ubungqina obunceda amalungu ekomiti aqonde iintsingiselo ezisebenzayo zolwimi oluceliweyo. [[FLT:] [[FLT]] iindlebe [ ukuhlola ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho ekhoyo, njengokuba ulawulo oluncinci lweshishini (SBA) luhambisa iinkqubo zokuboleka iintlekele. [[FLT] [4] ukuva okungalinganiyo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwendlela engalawuleki, ngexesha [FFT]: [FGeneG]

Kumthetho weshishini omncinane, iikomiti ezinempembelelo eninzi ziquka iKomiti yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi yeBhunga elincinane neNdlu yeSebe, iKomiti yeNdlu yeMasipala yeMasipala eMasipala eMali, kunye neekomiti zokubhala irhafu.

Umlinganiselo Wendlebe

Indlebe esesikweni iqala ngengxelo yokuvula ngusihlalo kunye nelungu eliphezulu, elichaza injongo kunye nobungakanani. AmaNgqina anikela amagqabaza alungiselelweyo, adla ngokusikelwe umda kwimizuzu emihlanu, alandelwe lithuba elinombuzo nempendulo apho ilungu ngalinye lekomiti linexesha elilinganiselweyo lokubuza iqela. Lonke eli nyathelo libekwa lize libe yinxalenye yengxelo kawonke-wonke, linika amaqela amaqela eencwadi, iintatheli, kunye nabaphandi.

AmaNgqina akhethwa ngocoselelo. Iqela elininzi limema iingcali nabaxhasi abasoloko bethetha ngeenjongo zalo zomgaqo-nkqubo, ngoxa iqela elincinane lisenokuzisa iimbono eziphikisanayo. Oku kunamandla kungakhokelela kwingxoxo enzulu, kodwa kwakhona kuthetha ukuba abanini-mashishini abancinane abanamava obuqu maxa wambi bagqunywa ngabaxhasi okanye izifundiswa. Noko ke, ingxelo yokuva isoloko iquka iingxelo ezibhaliweyo ezinikelwa ngamaqela anomdla, iqinisekisa ukuba uludwe olubanzi lwamazwi lubanjwa.

Indlela Ukuviwa Okuyinkqubo Encinane Yeshishini

Unxulumano phakathi kwendlebe nomthetho wokugqibela alufane luchaneke okanye lukhawulezile. Noko ke, ukuva kusebenza njengesandulela-ziphene ngeengxaki, ngokudala inkqubela yezopolitiko, nokunika isiseko esiyinyaniso solwimi lowiso-mthetho. Xa umnini-shishini omncinane engqina ubunzima bokufumana imali ebolekiweyo nangona ityala linamandla, elo bali linokuba lilungu elinamandla elithwalwa ngabenzi bomthetho kwimithetho yemiboniso nengxoxo yomgangatho.

Utshintsho Lwerhafu: Ukuhlisa Umthwalo Kwisitrato EsiseMain

Enye yemizekelo echaziwe kakhulu yokuva ephembelela inkqubo yerhafu encinane yeshishini yabakho ngexesha lengxoxo yoTshivwelo lwerhafu kunye noMthetho wemisebenzi ka-2017. Ukuva okuninzi phambi kweNdlela yendlu kunye neKomiti yoManga kwabonisa ubungqina obuvela kubaphathi beyona ndawo iphantsi kwenqanawa kunye nogcino-lwazi oluchaza indlela athe afikelela ngayo amaqonga aphezulu ashiyeka ngayo ngekota encinane ukuze aphinde alungiswe. Umthetho owenziweyo wavelisa ipesenti lama-20 yengeniso yeshishini elifanelekileyo phantsi kwecandelo 199A(a) ilungiselelo elimiswe ngqo yiprofektrolthi kunye nogcino-data oluboniswe kwezo zimvolo. [[FLTGeneG]] [[FLT]] IKomiti yezemali ephambili [FLT] ephuculwe ngokucolisiweyo ukwenzela ukuhlaziswe kwemiqatha lemo yomgangatho, uqinisekisa ukuba amashishini amancinane eenjiweyo aphantsi eenjiweyo aphantsi kwezenenenene.

Ukufikelela Kwikomkhulu: Ukusuka Kubungqina Ukuya Kwinkqubo Entsha Yesikolo

Kuwo wonke ama 2000 kunye nama-2010, ukubethwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwetyala phambi kweKomiti yeBhunga elincinane leNdlu yeMali eBonelwe kwibhanki yemveli ebhaliswe yimibutho emincinane neyasemaphandleni. AmaNgqina avela kwimibutho yenkqubela-mali yoluntu (CDF Is) anikela ubungqina ngemfuno yemali ethambileyo, ephantsi kwemali enokufikelela phantsi kwababolekiweyo. Ezi zimphula-ndlebe zabeka isiseko seSibonelelo soLungu-Sibutho le-SBA, esandiswayo ukuba sibe yinxalenye esisigxilo ye 7(a) yenkqubo yokuboleka. Kutshanje, izibonelelo zemali ezibolekisiweyo ezinokuquka ukuboleka ukuva emva kokucola isantya sebhanki.

Ukuhlangulwa Kwemithetho: Ukusika Iphepha Elibomvu Ngokulawula

Ukuvakala kuye kwanceda ekuboneni ukuba i-National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) isebenzisa intengo exabisa imali engaphezulu kakhulu. Ngo-2011, iKomiti yeNdlu Yolawulo noHlaziyo loRhulumente yafumana uthotho lweendleko zobuNtloko kumaxabiso anyukayo eemali kumashishini amancinane. Oku kungqina ukuba kukho igalelo lokuhamba kweNational Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) eliye labangela ukuba intengiso lwamatyala amalunga neerandi ezizi eziziiiibhiliyo ezimalunga neerandi ezimbini ezimalunga neerandi eziziibhiyo. Ngokunjalo, ukuva iimpembelelo zeefektha ezincinci zeAfford Carences wiences wience Acts ezikhokelwe kwinkqubo neentlobo zokunika ingxelo.

Impendulo yePandemic: Ibali lePPP nele-EIDL

Akukho mzekelo wakutshanje ubonakalisa amandla okuva ngaphezu kokuva kunye nokulungiswa kweNkqutyana yokuKhuselwa kweNkcitho yeNkcubeko yemali yeCandelo-19 ngoMatshi 2020, iKomiti yeCantenal Ishishini Elincinci yaba namava ongxamiseko apho abanini-venkile, abaxhasi abazimeleyo, kunye nabakhenkethi bachaza ukuva okukhawulezileyo. Ungxamiseko lwabo, kunye nohlohlolo lwezoqoqosho kwi-ofisi yoMnyango woMnyango woMmandla weCandelo, iqhubele i-[FUPT] CALS Act [ngeKCUR [nge] ngexesha elibhaliweyo. Kamva, ukuva okubhexekileyo okubhek-o kwintengo yokukhongozela okuthengwa kwemali ekhonkwayo kunye nokukhohlakali, ukulungisa okufana noMthetho we-Pacheckerck Decmicism ka-20. Umthetho wobomi bonke bendalo (unyaka ophakathi) kunye nokulungiswa kwe-omatimethothothotho lwe-o-omatime.

Inkqubo Yobungqina – Othetha Nesizathu Sokuba

Ukuqonda onikela ubungqina kwimicimbi encinane yezoshishino kubalulekile ekuhloleni umgangatho womthetho ogunyazisa ulwazi ofunyanwayo. Uludwe lwamangqina lufumaneka kumaqula amane: amagosa aseburhulumenteni, iinkokeli zentlangano yorhwebo, izikolo, nabanini-mashishini. Nganye inika amandla ahlukeneyo nocalucalulo.

AmaNgqina Karhulumente

Abameli abasuka kwiSBA, kwiSebe leTreasure, kunye ne-Ofisi yoLawulo oluNcinci loBushishini yamaZiko ngamangqina axhaphakileyo. Banikela inkcazelo ngendlela yenkqubo, iprojekthi yezoqoqosho, kunye nokuthobela ulawulo. Ekubeni la mangqina emela ulawulo olulawulayo, ubungqina bawo busoloko bubonisa ezona zinto ziphambili zomongameli wangoku.

Amaqela orhwebo namaqela orhwebo

Imibutho enjenge NFIB, iCandelo lorhwebo lase-U.S. kunye neMajor Business encinci zihlala zikhona. Indima yazo kukuphelisa amaxhala amawaka amalungu kwaye zise phambili ngokumanyeneyo. Ngenxa yokuba zixhomekeke kwimfuneko yamalungu kunye nokufikelela kwezobupolitika, ubungqina bazo bungaxhomekeka ekuphepheni impikiswano. Noko ke, iingxelo zazo zogcino-lwazi oluninzi zisoloko zicatshulwa kumthetho wokugqibela. Umzekelo, iNFIB’s Isalathi se-Files Charity Idex [ isoloko ibhekiselwa ekuphulaphuleni iziphumo zenkqubo.

Abanikazi Beshishini: Ilizwi Lamava

Obona bungqina bunamandla budla ngokufunyanwa ngabantu ngabanye abasebenza kwiivenkile, kwiivenkile zokutyela, kwiivenkile zokutyela, kwiinkampani zokucebisana, okanye kwizityalo zokwakha. Abenzi bomthetho kumacala omabini eepaseji banikela ingqalelo esondeleyo xa umxhasi echaza iziphumo zehlabathi zokwenene zomthetho werhafu okanye ukulibaziseka kwemali. Ucelomngeni kwaba bathengi kukuba banqabile ukuba babe nobuchule obusemthethweni okanye bemali bokwenza izisombululo zenkqubo ebanzi. Indima yabo kukwenza umfanekiso ocacileyo ohambisana nohlalutyo olunikwa ngabanye. Kodwa, uphando lweengxelo zemali zombutho lubonisa ukuba amatyala aphambili athe kratya emva kokuva okuboniswa ngokweemvakalelo, iingxelo ezivela kubaphathi bezoshishino ezincinane.

Imfundo kunye neengcali zemigaqo-nkqubo

Iingcali zezoqoqosho ezivela kwimibutho enjenge Brookings Institution, iLifa leMveli, okanye izikolo zamayunivesithi zoshishino zinikela ubunzulu obudibeneyo. Ubungqina bazo bungaphembelela amalungu alungeleleneyo akhangela ubulungisa obusekelwe kubungqina. Noko ke, maxa wambi amangqina emfundo angenawo amava angqalileyo ngezinto ezisebenzayo zoshishino oluncinane, kwaye iingcebiso zawo zisenokuba zingongeyomfuneko yokuba kusetyenziselwe ukusebenza.

Impembelelo Elinganiswayo: Ukusuka Ekuphulaphuleni Ukusa Kumthetho

Ukwandisa impembelelo ecacileyo yetyala elinye kumthetho wokugqibela kunzima kuba umthetho umi ngoothotho: ukukhuthaza, ukugqugqisa kwe-media, uluvo lukawonke-wonke, kunye nokhokelo lweqela. Kodwa ke, abaphandi bavelise iindlela zokulandela impembelelo. IChonorigatorial Record[ kunye neengxelo zekomiti zisoloko ziquka iimbekiselo ezicacileyo kubungqina. Umzekelo, xa icandelo loxwebhu lichaza “inkcukacha eziphakanyiswe ngexesha lokuva ngoMatshi 15,” sisibonisi esicacileyo sokuba ukuva kubumba okubhaliweyo.

Ufundisiso Lomzekelo: UMthetho ka-2012

I-Jukpstart Our Business Forgies (JOBS) Act, eyanciphisa imimiselo yamatyala ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwequmrhu elincinane, ngumzekelo wencwadi yesandla wombhobho wokuphulaphula. IKomiti yeNdlu yeeNkonzo zeMali ibambe uthotho lweenkonzo zokuvakala ngo-2011 apho abaseki besiqalo bangqina ukuba ukuva izicelo ngokubanzi kwenza ukuba kungabi nako ukunyusa imbewu kwiqonga elincinane labagcini-mali. Abo bavileyo baveliswayo bavelisa i-bipartisan uvume olukhokelela kwi-Act ye-JOPS Act ngenkxaso enamandla. Ingxelo ye-Akhawunti ye-ARP [FLT] kamva baqinisekisa ukuba ukunyuswa kwe-manyuke kakhulu kwabaninzi kakhulu kwabasebenzi bemibutho elincinane. Kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala amashumi amahlanu emva kwesihlanu emva kokusetyenziswa komthetho, iziphumo ezibonisa ukuva okutshintsha kwemithetho. [FLD.]

Ucelomngeni Lokufuna Impembelelo

Ngeli xesha i-BOBS Act ithe thaa, iindlebe ezininzi azivelisi mthetho okhawulezileyo. Abahlalutyi bathi ukuva kunokwenziwa ngezantsi kwento ethile. Ukusetyenziswa kwetyala lezobupolitika okanye ukuyila ingxelo yetyala elingakhange liqhubeke. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ixabiso lokuva lixhomekeke kukwenziwa komthetho okhawulezileyo kodwa ekufundiseni uluntu kwaye kubekwe isiseko seentlanganiso zexesha elizayo. Umzekelo, ukuva ngexabiso eliphezulu le-inshorensi yempilo yabantu abasebenza ekupheleni kowama 2000 akuzange kuvelise umthetho de kube nguMthetho we-Afford Careal Care, kwiminyaka kamva, wavelisa i-Small Business Program Ekunokukhethwa Imisebenzi Yezempilo (SHOP).

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwazo, iindlebe zombutho zikude ukuba zigqibeke ekulungiseni inkqubo encinci yoshishino.

Ukwahlukana kunye nokunikezela

Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ukuva kuye kwanda. Izihlalo zekomiti zingamema kuphela amangqina avumelana nocwangciso lwawo, aguqulela oko kumele kube yiyo efumana inyani kwigumbi lesandi elikwicandelo lesandi elijikelezayo. Abanini bamashishini abancinane abangavumelani nembono yoninzi lweqela labezo ababizwanga konke konke, okanye banikwa ixesha elincinane lokuthetha. Oku kungakhokelela kumthetho othetha ngecandelo elinye kuphela leshishini.

Ukungabikho kokulandelela

Ukuva okuninzi kuphumela kwizithembiso ezisasazwe kakuhle kodwa zincinci. Abenzi bomthetho bangabamba indlebe kwimbambano enyanzelisayo . njengokungafumani mali-mboleko yentlekele emva komlilo odatyulo-kodwa kodwa ngoko bayasilela ukuveza umlomo okanye ukudibanisa iintengiso kumlinganiselo wezokucwangcisa. Ukuva kuba sisiphelo ngokwako, ukuphumeza imfuneko “yokwenza into ethile” ngaphandle kokuvelisa utshintsho olubonakalayo. Le ndlela idimanisa abanini beshishini abathe bachitha ixesha ekulungiseleleni ubungqina.

Ubuchule Bokwenza Ixesha Nezibonelelo

Abanini-shishini abancinane bafutshane ngexesha nangemali. Ukuhamba usiya eWashington, D.C., ukulungiselela ubungqina obubhaliweyo, nokuhlala kwiyure ezininzi zokuva kunokuba ngumthwalo obalulekileyo. Kumntu okuphela komxhasi, usuku olukude noshishino lungathetha ukulahleka kwemali. Oku kudala ucalucalulo kushishino olukhulu olunokukwazi ukuthenga abasebenzi bemicimbi karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, amazwi amashishini amancinci, asemaphandleni, okanye amancinane akwingxelo yokuva.

Ukungakwazi Ukuva

Umthetho weminenjana emihlanu wokunikela ubungqina kunye nombuzo okhawulezileyo owenziwa ngamalungu ekomiti usoloko uthintela uphando olunzulu lwemiba entsonkothileyo. Ngexesha umnini weshishini egqibayo ukucwangcisa umongo, iparel sele iwile. Amalungu amaninzi ekomiti ayavuma ukuba ukuva kungcono ekushicileleni imixholo ephambili kuneengxoxo zenkqubo ezicacisiweyo. Umsebenzi omncinci ocuthayo uyenzeka kwiintlanganiso ezincinane, ezingacwangciswanga kakuhle okanye kwiintlanganiso zokunyusa isandi ezingeniswangasetyenziswanga.

Inkqubela Yakutshanje Nesimo Sekamva

Ukuphendula kwisifo se-COVOID-19, iBhunga le-117 lalinga ukuva okungagqibekanga nokungaqondakaliyo. Ngeli xesha utshintsho lwalunamatye, lwabangela ukuba abezoshishino abancinane ababengenakukwazi ukuya eWashington bafumaneke ngakumbi. Ngonyaka wama-2025, iikomiti ezininzi ziye zagcina ukhetho oludibeneyo, oluvumela abathengisi abasuka emaphandleni okanye kwiindawo ezikude ukuba banikele ubungqina ngengqungquthela yevidiyo. Olu tshintsho lunganceda ekuthobeni kwethe thanga lamangqina kwaye luzise iinguqu-ntlobo-ntlobo zamava kwingxelo.

Ukukhangela phambili, ukuva kusenokuyilwa kakhulu. Iikomiti zifuna amangqina ukuba anike ubungqina obubalula ngaphambili, kwaye abasebenzi basebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olunenkcazelo ecacileyo ukuchonga izithuba kwirekhodi. I-Ofisi ye-SBA ye-Advocacy ikwaye yabangela ukuba iveliswe ngokutsha kohlolo lweziphumo ezilawulayo, ezi komiti ezinokuthi zigunyazise ukunikelwa ekuvinyweni. Olu tshintsho kulwazi olusekelwe kubungqina kufuneka luphucule ubunjani bomthetho weshishini elincinane, nangona ikwabeka engozini yokukholisa iifemu ezinkulu ezinokukwazi ukulungiselela uphando.

Enye intsingiselo ekhulayo kukusetyenziswa kwetyala lokuva kwibala lelizwe .

Noko ke, ucelomngeni olusisiseko lusahleli: ukuva kusebenza kanye njengokuba kuthanda ezopolitiko zisemva. Ukuba iqela elininzi likhetha ukungabuhoyi ubungqina babaphathi beshishini abancinane, kwanolona zwi linyanzelekileyo liya kusilela ukuvelisa utshintsho. Imibutho yezoshishino nezoshishino zihlala zihleli ukuze zakhe ulwalamano nabasebenzi beekomiti phambi nasemva kokuva, liguqule iphulo elinye labameli ukuba libe liphulo eliqhubekayo.

Isiphelo

Ukuvakala kwemithetho-siseko kuyimfuneko, ukuba ngaba i-PPP ayifezekanga, kwaye iyasetyenziswa ekulungiseni umthetho weshishini omncinane. Zilungiselela ukuba oosomashishini babelane ngezinto zabo, iingcali zokunikela i-data, kunye nabenzi bomthetho bathethelele amavoti abo kuluntu. Ukusukela kunyaka 2017 irhafu egqithiseleyo ukuya ekudalweni kwe-PPP, iindlebe eziphulaphula umthetho ziwabonise ngokuphindaphindiwe amandla abo okuguqulela amabali obuqu kwinkqubo yesizwe. Kodwa inkqubo ixhomekeke ekugcineni amasango, ukulinganiselwa kwamagosa ahlukene-ooooksi, kwaye ibuthathaka ekulandeleni ithetha ukuba iimbono ezininzi ezincinane zamashishini zihlala zingavakali. Njengoko iBhunga lokuphulaphula kwazo ezikhoyo kuqhubeka kusenziwa ngempumelelo, iintlanganiso zentsimiboniso, kunye neemfuno zemfundo engakumbi, ekwandiseni ulawulo oluphezulu kumthetho.