Imithetho ifumana igunya layo kungekuphela nje ngokumiswa kwayo kodwa ngokusisisongelo esiqinisekileyo sokunyanzelisa. Ngaphandle kobuchule bokuqinisekisa ukuthobela, imigaqo yomthetho iba ziingxelo ezithe ngqo kunokuba ibophe imigaqo elawula ukuziphatha. Le ngxelo inika uvavanyo olucacileyo lwenkqubo yolawulo ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente kunye neequmrhu ezilawulayo, ezithi zibone ukuba ubuchule bokuthobela imiyalelo yomthetho osebenzayo, zize zilunike uvavanyo olusebenzayo lwendlela yobuchule yokulawula ezi zinto, zize ziluchazele imingeniselo eqhubekayo esebenzayo.

Iintlobo Zomatshini Onyanzelwayo

Iinkqubo zokunyanzelisa zingabekwa ngokwahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwimo yokwaphulwa kwemithetho kunye negunya elinegunya. Ngoxa zisoloko zidityaniswa ekusebenzeni, uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza umsebenzi owahlukileyo kwimekobume esemthethweni. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kucacisa indlela eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo esemthethweni esebenza ngayo kunye ukugcina ucwangco.

Unyanzeliso lolawulo

Umthetho onyanzelisayo umgaqo-nkqubo osetyenziswa ngabasemagunyeni abalawulayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amashishini, imibutho, kunye nabantu ngabanye bavumelana nemithetho echanekileyo. La masebe anikwa igunya elibanzi lokwenza imimiselo entlukwano, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokumisela izivumo. Umzekelo, i- Enternmenting Protection Agency (EPA)[FLT] [[FLT]] I-EFOLT] Inyanzelela umoya ococekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yamanzi ngokudibanisa, ukuvumela, nokukhupha izigwebo zamakhaya. [[FOLT:]] i-eququzelo neKhomishini (INTC) [inter)] [iFLT] [iiiiiindlela yoncedo olulungileyo] amapolisa ngokuhlola ngaphakathi, ukurhweba, nokuphola. Ngokunjalo, [FLD:'up Ulawulo lobugrancesty [ieactive Ad , kunye nolawulo lobugrac.[Fog.])

Ukunyanzelwa Kwesaphuli - mthetho

Isenzo sokwandiswa komthetho esiye sabonwa siyingozi ngokwaneleyo kwibutho labantu ukuba sivumele ukuchotshelwa ityala kunye nesohlwayo kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Le nkqubo ibandakanya inkqubo ekwiqonga elininzi: abanyanzeli bomthetho bahlola ukuphulwa komthetho, abatshutshisi bavavanya ubungqina baze bagqibe enoba ukubeka iifayile zetyala, kwaye inkundla ezisilela ityala nokubeka izigwebo. Impembelelo yokuthintela ukunyanzeliswa kwamagosa olwaphulo-mthetho ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuboneni ukuba kunokwenzeka kokubanjwa kwetyala kunye nokuchaswa kwesohlwayo. Amatyala aphezulu eququzelela iprojelo okanye ukurhwala ngeziyobisi, asebenza njengemiqondiso yokuba ukuqhankqeka kwetyala kunezityholo eziyingozi. Noko ke, ukunyanzelwa komthetho kufuneka kubekho iziphumo ezibalulekileyo, njengoko ukuvavanywa komthetho kufuneka kufikelelwe kwimilinganiselo ecacileyo, kunye nabamangalelwa ekumele kukhuselwe ekuthelisweni kwenkqubo esemthethweni.

Unyanzelo lwangaphakathi

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kubandakanya iingxoxo eziququzelelwayo zomthetho phakathi kwamaqela azimeleyo okanye phakathi korhulumente nabantu apho unyango luyimbuyiselo yemali okanye isiqabuliso esingeyontlawulo kunokuba afakwe entolongweni. Oorhulumente basebenzisa ukunyanzelisa umthetho wasekuhlaleni ukubohlwaya ukulwa komthetho, ukufumana imbuyekezo kumaqela owenzakalisayo, nokukhusela ukungaqhubeki komthetho oqhubekayo. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukumangalelwa kwezivumelwano zokulwa kwemithetho-mvume, nokukhupha iintelekelelo zokulwa kolwaphulo-mthetho, nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yokulwa nomonakalo lwamakhaya, nto leyo evumela amaqela abantu anokusetyenziswa njengeqela ukuba afune iiprojectivessssss. Umthwalo osezantsi wobungqina obukwimeko lwamakhaya ngaphaya kokuthanda ukuthandabuza okufanelekileyo, kwaye kukwenza oku kufuneke ukusetyenziswa okulungele ukupheliswa kwegunya-ongokwa-o-oktolo.

Unyanzelo lolawulo

Umthetho wolawulo usebenza imisebenzi yolawulo yosuku nosuku yamaziko karhulumente, ngokufuthi ngaphambi kokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lunyuke ukuya kufikelela kwinqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ii-mthetho, ukuvavanya, kunye nokunika i-iarhente yimisebenzi engundoqo. Umzekelo, amasebe ezempilo aqhuba imigaqo engaxelwanga ngokusemthethweni, amagunya erhafu asebenza ngezonyango lwemali, kwaye alwakha uxanduva lwezokhuseleko lweziko-mthetho kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho-siseko. Xa amaqumrhu abaphathi-mikhosi e-ofisi ekhohla, anokubeka intengiso, okanye afuna imiyalelo yokulungisa imiyalelo ngemiyalelo yolawulo. Amalungelo olawulo asebenza ngokufanelekileyo: asebenza ngaphandle kokuya enkundleko, nangona izigqibo zikho phantsi kwenkundla. Le nkqubo iluncedo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukulawulwa kweeprojenti, kunye nokugcinwa kwee-ofisi ze-ofisi zemali.

Ukunyanzelisa umgaqo-nkqubo wobuqu

Asisiso sonke isinyanzelo esivela kumagunya karhulumente. Imibutho elawula ngokwayo (i-SS) inyanzelisa imithetho phakathi kwamalungu ayo anemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokuzimela. IiNdlela zoochwepheshe, ukutshintshiselana ngezitokhwe, kunye nemigangatho yemizi - mveliso isoloko igcina imigaqo yehambo nenkqubo yoqeqesho. Umzekelo, i-Malifestment Regaliagistration Aguement (FINRA) ilawula iziqinisekiso zokungaqiniseki kwemibutho eUnited States, lo gama iMelika Bar i-Bangxuba inyanzelisa imithetho yokuziphatha esemthethweni kumagqwetha. Ukuziququmrhu kuyakwazi ukusabela ngakumbi kwimizi - mveliso-Jikeleleko, kodwa kujongene ukugxekwa kwemilo xa amalungu angafuni qeqesho. Urhulumente we-SROs uqinisekisa ukuba ukuzilawula kobuqu kungangeni buqu babo.

Unyanzelo lwamazwe ngamazwe

Ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yehlabathi jikelele kuntsonkothile ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuba akukho gunya liphambili. Iinkqubo zokugunyazisa inkcubeko ziquka izigwebo zezoqoqosho eziveliswe yimibutho yamazwana, izigqibo zokuphikisana ngemizimba njengeWorld Trade Organization (WTO), kunye nokutshutshiswa ziinkundla zezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe njenge International Criminal Court (ICC). Iingxelo zidla ngokuyila izicwangciso zazo zokunyanzelisa umthetho, ezifana nenkqubo yokuthobela phantsi kwemithetho ephantsi kweNgqungquthela yemozulu yaseParis, exhomekeke ekuboneni, ekuxeleni, naselubeni uxinzelelo loontanga kunokuba kubeke isigwebo. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zokugcinwa komthetho wehlabathi jikelele ziyagxeko-mali ekwaluntwini, ukurhwantsa imali, ukusetyenziswa kwemekobume yemekobume yemekobume yabantu, nokuwohloka kwemekobume yendalo.

Indima Yobugcisa Kunyanzelo Lwanamhlanje

Ubuxhakaxhaka buye bandisa ngokuphawulekayo amandla olawulo lokuqinisekisa, ukuqwalasela nokusabela kokwaphulwa kwemithetho. Izixhobo zamanani zibangela ukuba ukwenziwa kogcino-lwazi ngokukhawuleza, ukuhlolwa okuphangaleleyo, kunye nokujoliswe ngqo koovimba bomsebenzi. Noko ke, ukusebenzisa ubugcisa kunyusa inkxalabo yobuqu kwaye kufuna izakhiwo ezintsha ezisemthethweni zokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Amaqumrhu okunyanzela umthetho asebenzisa ubuchule obuninzi obusetyenziswayo ukuchaza iindlela zomsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho kunye noovimba abathe bafumana inkxaso-mali. Ii-algorithm zobupolisa zihlalutya iinkcukacha zembali zolwaphulo-mthetho ukuze zixelwe kwangaphambili apho kunokwenzeka khona amatyala, zivumela amapolisa andise amapolisa kwiindawo eziphezulu. Amaqumrhu alawulayo asebenzisa ubuchule obufanayo obusebenzisa ubuchule obufanayo: i-IRS isebenzisa imizekelo yemimiselo yokuhlawula irhafungxelo yerhafu ukuze ihlawulele iindlela zokuphicotha, kwaye abameli bemeko-bume bavavanyanisa ugcino-lwazi olungekho mthethweni.

Unyuso kunye nobuchule bokulinganisa

Iicamera, ii-drones, kunye nabafundi belayisensi baye bafikelela kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, bandisa ukufikelela kwabasemagunyeni abanyanzelisayo. Iikhamera zomzimba ezisetyenziswa ngamapolisa zinika iingxelo zenjongo zokudibana, zinceda ukucombulula iimbambano nokuphucula ukuphendula. Ukuhlola imicimbi kuvumela amagunya ukuba ajonge iindawo ezinkulu kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni enjengokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, ukupheliswa kwamahlathi, okanye ukwakhiwa kwemali okungekho mthethweni. Kwicandelo lemali, iinkqubo zokuhlola ukuthelekelela ukuthengwa korhwebo ezithengiselwano ezithelekelelayo ngaphakathi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwentengiselwano. Ucelomngeni lukulungele ukugcinwa komthetho kuyingenelo elungelelanisa izinto ezilindelekileyo kubemi, ukunyanzeleka kweminyaniswa kwemibutho yezomthetho, ukuxinzeka okuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kwenkundla.

Isithinteli sokunikezela nokubonisa ngaphaya

Ubugcisa beblockchain bunika amathuba amatsha okumisa imithetho ngokuziko lweziko olusebenza kakuhle − izivumelwano ezizidityanisiweyo ezibhalwe ngqo kwikhowudi. Umzekelo, ukunikezela ngetsheyina kungenziwa ngokwayo: umkhokeli webloko angabhala inyathelo ngalinye lohambo lwemveliso, kwaye intlawulo ingakhululwa ngokuzenzekelayo kuphela xa zonke iimeko (umz., ulawulo lobushushu, imilinganiselo yomsebenzi) ihlanganisiwe. Oku kunciphisa imfuneko yokunyanzelisa ngezandla kunye nokwandisa ukukhanya, njengoko amaqela onke enokuthi aqinisekise ukuthobela. Oorhulumente bayakwazi ukuvavanya ukuqokelelwa kwerhafunxa yerhafu, ubhaliso lomhlaba, umbhali-ncwadi, kunye novoti, apho ukusetyenziswa kweengxelo kunokuthi kuthinte ukukhomba nokungena komsinga.

Ubuntlola Obenziweyo Ekunyanzelweni kolawulo

Ubuntlola obenziweyo (AI) butshintsha indlela abalungelelanisi abalawula ngayo ukwenziwa kolwaphulo-mthetho. I-SEC isebenzisa i-Al ukuhlalutya izigidi zezixhobo kunye nee-media zonxibelelwano zezentlalo-ntlalo ukwenzela iimpawu zokungaqiniseki. I-EPA isebenzisa umatshini ukufunda ukufumanisa ii-omalies kwiingxelo zongcoliso. I-Al ingakhangela kwii-data ezinkulu kakhulu kunabahlalutyi abangabantu, ukuphelisa imiba enokwenzeka yokufuna ukuqhutyelwa phambili. Noko ke, ukuthembela ku-Alcingisiso malunga nenkqubo efanelekileyo: ukuba inkampani i-algosalth-fini epho ngempazamo? Inkampani kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo ze-Al ziyachazwa, zilungile, kwaye zijonge ukuthintela ukugcinwa komthetho oqhubekekayo.

Iingxaki Ekunyanzelweni

Kwanaxa kukho imenu eqinileyo, abasemagunyeni basoloko bezama ukufikelela ekuthobeleni ngokupheleleyo. Ukulinganiselwa kwezakhiwo, imiqathango esemthethweni, kunye nezinto zoluntu zonke ezifak' isandla ekunyanzeleni ukunyanzeleka komthetho. Ukubona olu celomngeni linyathelo lokuqala ekuyileni iinkqubo ezisebenzayo.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Unyanzeliso lufuna imali, abasebenzi, kunye nexesha, zonke eziphelayo. Abameli abaphantsi kwemiqathango basenokungakwazi ukwenza uhlolo olwaneleyo, bashiye ulwaphulo-mthetho lungabonwa. Umzekelo, i-IRS, iye yajongana noqingqo-mali olunciphisa amanqanaba ophicotho-zincwadi, mhlawumbi lukhuthaza irhafu engeyoyonto. Iinkundla zetyala zijongene nemithetho elibazisayo ityala kwaye zinciphisa ukunqanda. Inkcitho yemali isenokugxininisa kwimposiso ephezulu yemithetho engekho mgangathweni kodwa esasazekileyo, ikhubaze ukuva okokuba yonke imithetho inyanzelekile.

Isithintelo esingokwasemthethweni nesenkqubo

Imithetho idla ngokuba mininzi kwaye ididane, inika amatyala anokusetyenziswa ngamaqela antsonkothileyo. Amaqumrhu olawulo kufuneka alandele iinkqubo zolawulo ezinokuthabatha iminyaka ukugqiba imithetho emitsha, ngexesha apho ukukhusela okungekho mthethweni kungaqhubeka kungathintelwa. Abameli kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho banelungelo lokukhusela ukuxhatshazwa kodwa bakwanokwenza unyamezelo olucothayo. Umzekelo, ukukhuselwa kwenkqubo yoLawulo oluphezulu ekuphembeleleni okungekho ngqiqweni kufuna isiqinisekiso, nto leyo enokulibazisa ukuhlanganisa ubungqina. Ngoxa ezi zinto zikhuselwa zimele ziqhubeke zize zilungelelane nokusesikweni, badala ukhupho olumele luhambe ngobuchule.

Ukuchasa Nokholo Lwabantu Bonke

Ukuthobela akuyonto nje ethintelwayo; kukwaxhomekeke ekuthobeleni ngokuzithandela okuqhutywa yimigaqo yasekuhlaleni nokuthemba amagunya. Xa abemi beyigqala imithetho njengengekho mthethweni okanye njengegunya njengengenabulungisa, basengozini yokuxhathisa okanye yokuphepha. IBlack Lives Confect, umzekelo, ibalaselisa ukungathembani okusasazekileyo kwamanyathelo amapolisa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufuneni utshintsho. Ngokufanayo, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho okubonwa njengenobundlobongela okanye ongqongqo kunakho ukuvelisa ingqumbo kwaye kunciphisa ukuthobelana ngokuzithandela. Ukwakha ukuthemba uwonke wonke ngokubonakala, ukudibana kwengingombutho, nokuphathwa okungagwetyelwa okungagwetyelwayo kubaluleke njengaso nasiphi nasiphi nasixhobo sokugunyazisa.

Iingxaki Zokulungelelana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Iingxaki ezininzi zanamhlanje ezilucelomngeni zonyanzelo lokunyanzelisa ukunqumla imida yesizwe. Ukubhalisa irhafu, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi, ukurhwebelana kwabantu, kunye nongcoliso lwemekobume konke kubandakanya abadlali kunye nezinto ezikhoyo kwimimandla emininzi. Intsebenziswano ifuna izivumelwano ezongezelelweyo, izivumelwano ezingokwasemthethweni, kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa ulwazi ezisoloko zicotha kunye nezininzi kwezobupolitika. Ukwanda kwe-cyptoc oicturerderrecrecisms kuyaqhubeka nokunyanzeliswa okuntyo, njengoko ukuthelekisa kunokwenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo ngaphaya kwemida. Imibutho yezizwe efana ne-Interpol noMkhosi Womsebenzi wogcino-Malitho-Masal kungenisa umanyano wogcino-lwazi, kodwa ukugcinwa komthetho kuhlala kungahambelani, kunye nemiqobo engekho mngeni phakathi kwezaphuli-mthetho.

Imigaqo Yexesha Elizayo Yosetyenziso Lombane

Njengokuba ibutho liguquka, ubuchule bokunyanzelisa kufuneka buqhubeke ukuze kuhlale kusebenza. Iziphumo zokuqalisa ukutshintsha zibonise ukuguquka kolwazi oluthambileyo, ugcino-lwazi olulungelelanisiweyo, kunye neendlela zokusebenzisana. Abasemagunyeni bazama iindlela ezintsha ezilungelelanisa ukugcinwa komthetho kunye nokhuthazo lokuthobela ngokuzithandela.

Ulungelelwaniso oluhle

Umthetho wesithethe usoloko uxhomekeke kwimithetho emiselweyo ekhawuleza iphelelwe lixesha. Umgaqo ojikajikayo, ngokwahlukileyo, wenzelwe ukuguquka ngokusekelwe kwintsingiselo kunye neemeko ezitshintshayo. Abalawuli bamisela imigaqo ebanzi kunokuba babeke inkcukacha ezichaziwe, kwaye babandakanyeke ekwenzeni imithetho edibanisa i-data efumaneka kwiziphumo zokugcinwa komsebenzi. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kumacandelo ahamba ngokukhawuleza njengeteknoloji kunye nemali, apho imithetho eqinileyo inokuthi inqandelele ukuvela okanye ibe yeyaphelelwa. Umthetho oguquguqukayo ufuna umanyano olusondeleyo phakathi kwemidali kunye nezinto ezilawulwayo, esuselwa ukusuka kwi-adversarial ekwimimess kwingxaki egosa enye.

Unyanzelo olusekelwe kuluntu

Ukuqonda imida yokunyanzelisa okuphezulu, amanye amagunya aphethulela kwiimodeli ezisekelwe ekuhlaleni. Iinkqubo zobulungisa ezitshayelelayo zibandakanya abaphuli-mthetho ekulungiseni umonakalo kumaxhoba kunye nabantu abahlala phakathi, nto leyo enokuthi inciphise ukuncitshiswa kolawulo kunye nolwaneliseko. Umthetho woluntu wakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabaphathi-mikhosi kunye nabemi, ukwenza kube lula ukuqokelela ubulumko nokucombulula iingxoxo ngokungacwangciswanga. Amaqumrhu akwayo azama kwakhona ngenkqubo ekhuthaza ukuthobela ngobuchule obukhethiweyo kunokuba asohlwaye. Umzekelo, ukubhalisa ababunqinisi berhasho ekuhlawuleni izicwangciso zokuhlawula kunciphisa imfuneko yokuba abasebenzi begunyaziwe.

Imali ehlawulwayo kunye nokuncitshiswa

Kwamanye amagunya, izigwebo ezinyukayo zokomeleza ukuthintelwa kogcino-lwazi. IKhomishini yokugweba yase-U.S. iphakamise izikhokelo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-lungu, kwaye i-European Union General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) ibeka iintengiso eziya ku 4% zengeniso yomhlaba wonke yokwaphulwa kogcino-lwazi. Izenzo zokunyanzelisa eziphezulu kwiinkampani ezinjenge-Facebook ne-Google zinokuxabisa imali eninzi. Noko ke, izigwebo ezongezelelweyo kufuneka zimiselwe ukuphepha isohlwayo esiphinda-phindene sohlwayo soluvo esilula. Ukuphumelela kwenkxaso enzima yesohlwayo kukwaditya kudla ukuxabana nokuqiniswa nokunga okunzima.

Isiphelo

Ubuchule obunyanzelisayo buyiglu eluncedo emanyanisa inkqubo engokwasemthethweni. Ukusuka kumaqumrhu omthetho kunye neenkqubo zobulungisa zobulungisa ukuya kulawula intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, uludwe lwezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ziqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ingaphezulu kweingcebiso. Ubugcisa bunika amandla amatsha okuhlola nokuthobela, kodwa buzisa iingxaki ezintsha ngokubhekiselele kwimfihlo, ngokusesikweni, nangokuphendula. Imiqobo enzima njengezibonelelo, ukuntsonkotha-msha komthetho, ukuntsonkotha okusemthethweni, kunye nokuthembana kwabantu ngokubanzi kufuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo. Iinkqubo zolawulo ezisebenzayo zilungelelanisa, zilungelelene, kwaye zithintela ukuchasana, zikwazi ukuva, kwaye zisabela ngendlela eqinisa umthetho. Njengoko isantya sokutshintsha kwezentlalo kunye nokusebenza kobugcisa, amagunya kufuneka aqhubeke ukufunda, aqhubeke ekwazi ukuphumelela, kwaye alungeleneenza imigaqo eenzaliseko, kwaye alungelene.