Ukuqonda Inkqubo Efanelekileyo Ekuqokelelweni Kwemali

Umthetho wokuqokelela amatyala ubuyinkqubo esetyenziswa kubathengi ekukhuseleni amashumi eminyaka. Ngexa abo babolekiweyo benamalungelo asemthethweni okufumana imali ebolekileyo, loo malungelo kufuneka alungelelaniswe nxamnye nelungelo elisisiseko lomthengi lokuphatha kakuhle phantsi komthetho. Lo mgaqo wenkqubo ophambili umi njengomphambili womgaqo-siseko wokulingana, uqinisekisa ukuba akukho mxhasi uphantsi kobuqhetseba, ubuxoki, okanye ukuqokelelwa kwemibutho ekhohlakaza ngaphandle kwendlela efanelekileyo esemthethweni yokukhusela. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa oko kuthethwa ngumbandela wetyala, ukukhusela okusemthethweni kunika abasebenzi, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni xa abo bakhuselwayo bephulwa.

Yiyiphi Inkqubela Efanelekileyo Ngokwendlela Esemthethweni?

Embilinini wayo, inkqubo efunekayo yezomGaqo-siseko sisiqinisekiso esisekelwe kwiSigqibo soMgaqo-siseko sesihlanu neseshumi elinesine. Ifuna ukuba urhulumente/ kunye kwimo ezininzi, izinto ezizimeleyo ezisebenza phantsi kombala womthetho, zilandele iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo phambi kokuba zimnqande umntu ophilayo, inkululeko, okanye impahla. Kwintlawulo yamatyala, inkqubo efunekayo iguqulela kwiziqalelo ezibini ezingundoqo: . kunye ne-

Phawula ukuba umthengi kufuneka axelelwe ngetyala, imali ebolekwayo, igama lomboleki, namanyathelo athathwayo ukuze aliqokelele. Ithuba lokuviwa lithetha ukuba umthengi umele abe nethuba elifanelekileyo lokuphikisa amatyala, ubungqina obukhoyo, okanye athethe ngesigqibo ngaphambi kwesenzo esibi. "Ngokungathi kukumangalelwa, ukuhlawulwa, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngetyala) ukonakala kwengxelo yetyala.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko

Nangona abaqokeleli bamatyala abangabo oorhulumente, imimiselo karhulumente nekarhulumente ibandakanya imigaqo efunekayo kwimithetho yokuqokelela amatyala. ISibonelelo seNtonga eqokelelayo singumthetho oyintloko karhulumente onyanzelisa le migaqo ngokungavumeli ukuxhaphaza, ukukhohlisa, kunye nezenzo ezingekho sesikweni. Ngaphezu koko, imithetho karhulumente isoloko izibonisa okanye yandisa ezi zikhuseliso, ifuna ukuba ukuqokelelwa kwetyala kugcinwe kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye abathengi bafumane inkonzo efanelekileyo.

Indima Yenkqubela Efanelekayo Kumbulo Wamatyala Wale Mihla

I-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) ithi, umntu omnye kwabathathu okhulileyo unetyala lokuqokelela nangaliphi na ixesha. Xa kukho izibonda eziphezulu, ukungakho kwenkqubo efunekayo kungakhokelela kwingozi enzulu: ukumangalelwa okuphosakeleyo, ukuxelelwa ngetyala okuphosakeleyo, kwanomvuzo ongekho mthethweni.

Xa umqokeleli wamatyala eqalisa imicimbi esemthethweni, kufuneka anamathele kwimithetho engqongqo. Umzekelo, umqokeleli kufuneka afake isuti kwingingqi apho umthengi ahlala khona okanye asayina isivumelwano. Umthengi makancedwe ngokobuqu ngezicelo kunye nezikhalazo. Umgwebo omiselweyo awunakungeniswa ngaphandle kokuba umthengi uxeliwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye angasabeli. La manyathelo awangomthetho owesithethe; abalulekile inkqubela efunekayo ekhusela abaqokeleli ekufumaneni imigwebo ngaphandle kolwazi lwabathengi.

Ukungqinela Namalungelo

Esinye sezixhobo ezinamandla ezifunekayo kubathengi lilungelo lokuqinisekisa amatyala. Phantsi kwe-FDCPA, xa efumana isicelo esibhaliweyo kumthengi kwientsuku ezingama-30 zonxibelelwano lokuqala, umqokeleli kufuneka ayeke ukuqokelela iminikelo de anikezele uqinisekiso lwetyala. Oku kuquka ukhuphelo lwesivumelwano santlandlolo, iingxelo ezibhaliweyo, kunye nesiqinisekiso sokuba umqokeleli werhafu unelungelo elisemthethweni lokuqokelela. Le mfuneko inyanzelisa abaqokeleli betyala ukuba lisebenze phambi kokuba benze inyathelo elibhekele phambili, ngokunempumelelo ibeka umthwalo wobungqina apho likhona.

Isaziso soqinisekiso kunye ne Window yosuku lwamashumi amathathu

Kwiintsuku ezintlanu zokuqala eqhagamshelana nomthengi, umqokeleli wamatyala kufuneka athumele isaziso esibhaliweyo esiqinisekisayo esiquka ubungakanani betyala, igama lomntu owaqala ukulithenga, kunye nengxelo yokuba umthengi uneentsuku ezingama-30 zokuphikisana netyala elibhaliweyo. Esi saziso sisesiseko senkqubo efunekayo kuba sixelela umthengi amalungelo akhe kwaye sibangela ukuba asebenzise indlela yobuchule. Iinkundla ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukungaphumeleli ukuthumela isaziso esifanelekileyo sokwamkelwa kusenokuba kukungqubana kwe-FDCPA, okuphumela kwilahleko ye-statory.

Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni olunyanzelisa inkqubo elindelekileyo

Imithetho emininzi karhulumente isebenza ikonsathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ilungiselelo elifanelekileyo aliyonto nje ethethwayo kodwa liyinto enyanzelekileyo kubathengi abajongene nokuqokelelwa kwamatyala.

Izenzo zoMthetho we-FDCPA

I-FDCPA yamiselwa ngowe- 1977, ngumthetho oyintloko karhulumente othintela abaqokeleli bamatyala ekusebenziseni iindlela zokuxhaphaza, zokungalungisi, okanye zokukhohlisa. Ukhuseleko olungundoqo luquka:

  • Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu, ukucinezelwa, okanye ukuxhatshazwa, njengokufowunelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukusongelwa ngogonyamelo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwentetho engcolileyo.
  • Isiqinisekiso sokuba umntu oqokelela amatyala azazi ukuba ungubani nokuba nayiphi na inkcazelo efunyenweyo iya kusetyenziswa ekuqokeleleni ityala.
  • Imiqathango yokunxibelelana nabathengi ngamaxesha angafanelekanga (ngaphambi kweyesi - 8 kusasa okanye emva kwentsimbi yesi - 9 emva kwemini) okanye emsebenzini ukuba umqeshi akakuvumeli oko.
  • Ukugwetywa kwemifanekiso yobuxoki okanye elahlekisayo, kuquka ukuba umqokeleli ungummeli okanye inyathelo elingokwasemthethweni lithatyathwe.
  • Imfuneko yokunika imvume yokuyeka nokubhala isicelo sokuzibophelela, xa emva koko umqokeleli enokuthi aqhagamshelane nomthengi ukuqinisekisa isicelo okanye ukwazisa ngezenzo ezithile ezingokwasemthethweni.

Ukuphula umthetho kwe-FDCPA kungaphumela ekonakaleni, imigaqo yomthetho yomonakalo ofikelela kwii-R1, kunye neendleko zegqwetha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-FDCPA inika abathengi amandla okumangalela kwinkundla yelifa okanye yesizwe, ibanika icebo elingqalileyo lokunyanzelisa amalungelo abo afanelekileyo.

Ingxelo yoMthetho weNkcitho

Ukuqokelelwa kwamatyala kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nengxelo yetyala. I-FCRA ilawula indlela abasebenzi betyala abachaza ngayo abantu (njengoko) besingatha ngayo inkcazelo yetyala. Phantsi kwe-FCRA, umqokeleli wetyala onika ingxelo ngetyala kwiCRA kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ulwazi luchanile. Ukuba umthengi uxambulisana ngetyala, kufuneka ahlolisise aze alungise naziphi na iimpazamo kwientsuku ezingama-30. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kunokukhokelela ekubeni ulwazi oluphosakeleyo lubangele ukuba lo mthengi aphulukane netyala lemali yakhe yokuthenga ngetyala. Le nkqubo ifuna abaqokeleli baqinisekise oko bakuthethayo ngaphambi kokuba balahle igama elihle lomthengi.

Imithetho Eqokelelwayo Yetyala Lesizwe

Amaphondo amaninzi anemimiselo yawo yetyala eqokelelwayo egqitha kwi-FDCPA. UMthetho weNguqulo yeCalifor Fair Lecvort Priorics uquka abaxhasi [[FLT: 0] batyala abantu bantlandlolo []. hayi nje abaqokeleli besithathu senxalenye yemali-mali, kwaye inikezela ngezono zetyala lemali ebotshelelweyo. Uqokelelo lwetyala lwaseNew York lufuna abaqokeleli bentengiso olucacileyo malunga nomthetho wesithintelo nelungelo lomthengi lokuphikisana. Le mithetho idla ngokuba nenkqubo eyongeyongezelelwe imigaqo efunekayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo (unikelo imiqathango yemiqathango) kwaye abathengi banikwe indlela ecacileyo yokuphikisana ngaphandle kobugxokolo.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kubantu Abafuna Ukufumana Amalungelo Afanelekileyo

Ukwazi amalungelo afanelekileyo akunamsebenzi ngaphandle kokuthatha inyathelo.

  1. [[UMTL: 0] cela ityala eliqinisekisiweyo ekubhaleni. Thumela ileta eqinisekisiweyo kwientsuku ezingama-30 zoqhagamshelwano lokuqala lomqokeleli. Gcina ikopi nerisithi yokuhambisa. Oku kumisa umsebenzi woqokelelo de umbuthi wobuqokeleli unike ubungqina betyala.
  2. [[FLT: 0] Gcina uxwebhu lwazo zonke iincoko. Jonga imihla, amaxesha, amagama, kunye nokuqulathwe komnxeba. Shicilela ukuba uvumelwano olunye luvumelekile ngokomthetho (amazwe avumela ukushicilela). Olu xwebhu lunokuba lubalulekileyo ekungqiniseni i-FDCPA yokwaphuka kwemithetho.
  3. Thelekisa iingxelo zakho zetyala. Fumana iingxelo zemali ze-infredit Record.com. Jonga kwityala lempikiswano. Ukuba umqokeleli akayiphawulanga njenge “yingxaki kumthengi,” leyo isenokuba ngukwaphula umthetho we-FCRA.
  4. Idityaniswa nakweyiphina imiyalelo yokumangalelwa. Ukuba umangalelwe, kufuneka ufake iifayile zempendulo ngexesha elifanelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo 20/30 iintsuku). Ukungaphumeleli ukuphendula kungakhokelela kumgwebo ongagqibekanga, ngempumelelo ugqitha inkqubo efunekayo. Nokuba ucinga ukuba unetyala, ukuphendula kukunika ithuba lokuxoxisana okanye ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
  5. [[FLT: 0] I-Pilot negqwetha elithengiselayo. Amagqwetha amaninzi akhusela abathengi anika ukhangelo lwamahala lokuqala. I-FDCPA inika intlawulo yemali yegqwetha, ngoko ke amagqwetha asoloko ethatha la matyala ngokuphazamisa. Igqwetha linokukunceda ukhuphe isikhalazo nge-CFPB okanye umqokeleli we-protoliki wezenzo zokwaphula.

Imiphumo Yokwaphula Inkqubo Efaneleyo Kuqokelelo Lwetyala

Xa abaqokeleli bamatyala beyityeshela inkqubo efunekayo, iziphumo zingaba zimbi kakhulu kubathengi nakumqokeleli. Kubathengi, eyona ngozi ikhawulezileyo kumgwebo ongagqibekanga. Umgwebo ungakhokelela ekuhlawuleni imali ehlawulwayo, ityala lasebhankini, kunye nokulala kwipropati − bonke ngaphandle kokuba umthengi abe nosuku lwakhe enkundleni. Ityala linokuhla ngeencam ezili-100 okanye ngaphezulu, lichaphazela izindlu, umsebenzi, kunye nokuboleka kwixesha elizayo.

Kubaqokeleli, izigwebo zibalulekile. Iinkundla zinike iziphumo ezithe kratya kwi-FDCPA eyophukayo. Aphawurs v. Ocen Loan Servisym , isiko lentsebenziswano leqela laphumela kwimali engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-20, ukukhulula. Ngaphandle kwesohlwayo semali, i-CFPB inegunya lokunyanzelisa imithetho nokunyanzelisa imiyalelo, iishefu, iishefu, kwanokwakuvalwa kwemisebenzi yetyala lokuphindwa kwabaphuli-mthetho. Ngo-20222, iCFPB yathatha isenzo esichasene netyala elikhulu elizityala eligqwethiweyo eligqwetha ngokungekho mthethweni okungangeneyo, okuphumela kwimiqatha yemiqatha yemiqatha yemiqatha yemiqatha yemali, iziphumo zesigwebo se-R20202222,2,2, i-ibhinqini yemali yemali.

Izicelo ezizizo zoshishino

Kumbono woshishino, ukuhlonela inkqubo efunekayo ayiyoyomfuneko esemthethweni . Abaqokeleli abalandela imithetho bakha ukuthembana nabathengi, banciphisa iindleko zokuqokelela, kwaye baphephe uphando lokuqokelela amatyala. Ushishino lokuqokelela amatyala luye lwaqhubela phambili kwimodeli yokuthobelana, ukuqokelela ubugcisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isaziso esisemthethweni sithunyelwe, iimpikiswano ziyagcinwa, kwaye amatyala agcinwa kuphela ngoxwebhu aqinisekisiweyo. Iinkampani ezinqumla iimbombo zomonakalo owe-inyanisekileyo kunye nokususwa kwetyala.

Iingcamango Eziqhelekileyo Ngendlela Amatyala Afanele Aqokelelwe Ngayo

Nazi iingcamango ezintathu ezizingisileyo ezishicilelwe phantsi:

  • Imphumo: Ukuba andimhoyi umqokeleli, bazamka. Enyanisweni, ukungahoyi umqokeleli wamatyala kungakhokelela kumgwebo ongagqibekanga. Inkqubo elindelekileyo ifuna ukuba uphendule, ungafihli. Ukuthula kudla ngokuthathwa njengokuvuma.
  • [[FLT: 0] Myth: Andinakuphikisana netyala ukuba sele ndihlawule. Ukwenza intlawulo yenxenye kuzakuphinda kuqalise ummiselo wemiqathango kwamanye amazwe, kodwa akulinyanzeli ilungelo lakho ukuphikisa ubunyani betyala. Usenokucela ukugunyaziswa.
  • Myth: bonke abaqokeleli bamatyala bayafana, kwaye inkqubo efunekayo yeyomthetho. Enyanisweni, umthetho wahlula phakathi kwababoleki bokuqala (abangenakugqunywa yiFDCPA kwezinye iindawo) nabaqokeleli becandelo lesithathu. Inkqubela-nkqubo elindelekileyo iyahluka, kodwa wonke umntu umthengi unelungelo lokuviwa enkundleni phambi kokuba kungene umgwebo.

Utyekelo lolawulo kunye nekamva lenkqubo elindelekileyo kwityala

Ulawulo lobume luyaqhubeka luguquka. Ngo-2021, i-CFPB yakhupha umthetho wokugqibela phantsi kwe-FDCPA ocacisa iimfuno zokutyhila ityala elifakelwe ixesha kwaye ufuna abaqokeleli ukuba banike ukwenziwa kwetyala okunenkcukacha ezingakumbi. Lo mthetho uqinisa inkqubo efunekayo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bazi ukuba ityala libalwe njani na nokuba liyanyanzeleka kusini na.

Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zelizwe nazo ziyasebenza. Iimeko ezininzi zidlulise imithetho ethintela umyinge wenzala onokusetyenziswa kumgwebo, ilinganisela ipesenti yemali ehlawulwayo, kunye nemfuneko yabaqokeleli yokunika isaziso esicacileyo, esicacileyo solwimi olucacileyo. Le migudu ibonisa ukuqondwa okukhulayo kokuba inkqubo efunekayo asiyongcinga ecacileyo .-"imele iziqhelanise neengxaki ezintsha ezifana nonxibelelwano lwamanani, iingxolo-i-mali, kunye nobuninzi bamatyala athengiselwa abathengi abambalwa abambalwa abangamacandelo amathathu.

Isiphumo: Indima engenakuchazwa Kwinkqubo Elindelekileyo

Inkqubo elindelekileyo asiyonkqubo yomthetho esemthethweni; sisiseko sobulungisa ekuqokelelweni kwamatyala. Iqinisekisa ukuba abathengi baphathwa njengabantu ngabanye abanamalungelo, hayi njengamanani amaphepha omlinganiselo. Ngokufuna isaziso, uqinisekiso, kunye nethuba lokuviwa, inkqubo efanelekileyo ithintela ukomelela kokusebenzisa ababuthathaka nokugcina ukukholosa kwinkqubo yemali. Abaxhasi abaqonda ukuba aba bakhuseli banokuqokelela ityala ngentembelo, nabaqokeleli abangabahloneli nje kuphela kodwa bazenzele ukuba bangabi nalwazi olulungileyo kodwa bazenzele udumo lokulunga okunceda wonke umntu.

Ukufunda okungakumbi ngamalungelo akho athile, tyelela i iFDCPA yeKhomishini yeFraderanti ye- okanye Consumer Financial Protection Bureaution yemali ezibonelelo zemali [. Kwimithetho-mgaqo-siseko, jongana ne-ofisi yegqwetha lesizwe. Khumbula: inkqubo efunekayo yile yakho ekunene, qhatha ukuba iyahlonelwa.