Kubume bale dolophu obujikeleza ngokukhawuleza, abaphathi besixeko baphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo ezifike ngexesha kwaye ezisebenzayo. Ukuntsonkotha kwezixeko zanamhlanje `kusukela ekuxinzeleleni kweenqwelo-mafutha kunye nokhuseleko loluntu ukuya ekulungiseni ingqalelo kunye nenkqubela yezoqoqosho-mali-lwazi-demind ngaphezulu kwethutyana okanye isithethe. Isigqibo sogcino-lwazi esiqhutywayo sokwenziwa (DDDM) sivele njengengqeqesho enzima, ibangela ukuba iinkokeli zesixeko zikwazi ukuxhathisa amandla olwazi okwakha ubuchule, ukhuseleko, kunye noluntu oluneenzelekileyo. Ngokuqokelela, ukuqwalasela, nokusebenza kugcino-data, abaphathi besixeko baphucula ukubonakala okubonakala, nokusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yazo.

Yintoni Eyenziwa Zisigqibo Esiqhutywa Yinkcazelo?

Izigqibo zogcino-lwazi eziqhutywayo kukuqheliswa kokuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo, izabelo zoovimba, kunye nezenzo zokusebenza kuhlalutyo logcino-lwazi kunokuba kuboniswe bubungqina obungaxhomekekanga, iimvakalelo ezingaphakathi, okanye ubuchule obungathethekiyo bezobupolitika. Kubaphathi besixeko, oku kuthetha ukuxhobisa uludwe oluninzi lwemithombo yogcino-lwazi ngezantsi oluquka iziva zexesha lokwenene yokondla, iingxelo zolawulo, izicwangciso zokuchaza iinkcazelo zabemi, kunye neesiseko sogcino-siseko sangaphandle solwazi yonke into ekucetyweni ngoxakeka koxakeka.

Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela: ukuchaza iinjongo ezicacileyo, ukuchaza imithombo enxulumene nogcino-lwazi, ukuqokelela nokucoca ugcino-lwazi, ukuhlalutya uluvo ukuze kufunyanwe ubuchule, kwaye emva koko ukuguqulela ezo ngqiqo kwiinkqubo ezinokwenziwa. Okubalulekileyo, i-DDDM asisosiganeko sexesha elinye kodwa ngumjikelo oqhubekayo wokulinganisa, wokufunda, nokuziqhelanisa. Njengoko izixeko zinxulunyaniswa ngakumbi, umthamo kunye nolwahluko logcino-lwazi olukhoyo luyakhula, lwenza kube sisixhobo esinamandla kunye nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo lokulawula ngokunempumelelo.

Iinzuzo zolawulo lweziXhobo

Ukusebenzisa indlela yokungenisa ulwazi kunika iingenelo ezininzi ezichaphazela ubunjani bobomi basedolophini. Ngezantsi zezinye zeengenelo ezinyanzelisayo, nganye ixhaswa yimizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene.

Imisebenzi ephuculiweyo

Ugcino-lwazi lunceda abaphathi besixeko baphawule ii-boardhacks, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokulungisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezisikelwe umda. Umzekelo, ngokuhlalutya iindlela zokuqokelela inkunkuma kunye neendlela zokugcwalisa, izixeko zingalungisa ucwangciso ukuze zilondoloze amafutha zize zinciphise umphunga. Isixeko se SAN Diego [ isebenzisa izibane ezichuliweyo ezinezimvo zokuhlola iitrafishi kunye nokupaka, nto leyo ekhokelela kunciphiso lwe-10% yamandla xa iphucula indlela yokuhamba.

Ukhuseleko loLuntu olunyusiweyo

Ukuhlolisisa iipateni zolwaphulo-mthetho, amaxesha okusabela kongxamiseko, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezehlo kunceda ukugcinwa komthetho kunye nabokuqala abaphendulayo ukuba banike oovimba bomsebenzi ngokunempumelelo. Iimodeli zobupolisa ezixelwe kwangaphambili, ezifana nezo zisetyenziswa liSebe lamapolisa aseListrange [, zincedile ekunciphiseni ulwaphulo-mthetho lwempahla ngokuchaza iindawo eziphezulu ngexesha lokwenene. Ngokufanayo, amasebe omlilo angasebenzisa ugcino-lwazi ekwakheni iminyaka, izinto, kunye neziganeko ezidlulileyo ukuvavanya uphando.

Ukuceba Okubhetele

Ugcino-lwazi olukwindlela ehambayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kunye nokwanda kwabemi luvumela izixeko ukuba zifake izibonelelo kwindawo efunekayo kakhulu. Barcelonia[ lusebenzisa uthungelwano lwamava ukuqwalasela ukumisa ipatroli, ingxolo, kunye nomgangatho womoya, ukwazisa izigqibo kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekulungiseni indlela ukuya ekuphuhlisweni kwesithuba esiluhlaza. Le ndlela ijolise ekunqandeni ukukhusela ukunyuka kwexabiso eliphezulu nokuqinisekisa ukuba imali kawonke-wonke isetyenziswe ngobulumko.

Ukubonisa Imbonakalo Nokholo Olungakumbi

Xa izixeko zenza ugcino-lwazi lwazo lufumaneke ekuhleni `````iizibuko zogcino-lwazi, iibhodi zomnqamlezo', okanye iingxelo zikawonke-wonke'. Abahlali bangabona indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ii-irandi zabo zerhafu, balandele inkqubela yeeprojekthi zesixeko, kwaye bagcine amagosa ephendula. Izixeko ezifana [[FLT]][FLT] [2] kunye [[FLT]] New York

Ukuthunyelwa kwenkonzo esebenzayo

Kunokuba bathabathe amanyathelo kwiingxaki emva kokuba zivele, ulwazi luvumela abaphathi besixeko ukuba balindele iingxaki baze bangenelele kwangoko. Umzekelo, ngokuhlola amajelo onxibelelwano kunye nonxulumano lwama-intanethi, amagosa ayakwazi ukubona iinguqu ezivelayo ezifana nokuqhambuka komngxuma okanye ukulahla okungekho mthethweni ngaphambi kokuba akhule. Olu tshintsho lusuka kulawulo lwezibonelelo luye kwintlangano eqolileyo yogcino-lwazi.

Izixhobo Ezingundoqo Nolwazi ngobugcisa

Abaphathi bezixeko baxhomekeke kwizixhobo ezikhulayo ukuze baqokelele, badibanise baze bahlolisise inkcazelo. Ngoxa kungekho qonga linye elilingana nemfuneko nganye, iindidi eziliqela zobugcisa ziye zafuneka.

Iinkqubo zolwazi lwe-ecoographic (GIS)

I-GIS isisiseko sohlalutyo oluthe lwasetyenziswa, ivumela abaphathi ukuba bacinge kwaye bamaphule ugcino-lwazi olunxulumene namanani, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iingozi zemekobume, kunye nezithuthi. Izixhobo ezifana ne-ArcGIS [[FLT: 0]] inika umfanekiso oqhelekileyo onceda amaqela asebenzisana namasebe. Umzekelo, isixeko singafaka izikhukula kunye nogcino-lwazi lobuhlwempu ukubeka phambili intlekele kuluntu olungenabungozi.

I-Intanethi yezinto (IOT) Abasebenzi boluvo

Izixhobo ze-IOT `imitha ezintle, umgangatho womgangatho womoya, iikhamera zenqwelo-moya, kunye neziva zengxolo zemisinga yedata yexesha lokwenene efumaneka kwimodeli ye-alytical. ISingatholo [ ithumele amawaka ezivamvo kulo lonke isixeko kwisixeko sesixeko ukuqwalasela yonke into ukusuka kwimigangatho yebhini ukuya kumgangatho owenziwe ngabantu abahamba ngenyawo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ulawulo oluphezulu lweziko lomsebenzi wasedolophini.

Izimo zodityaniso logcino-lwazi

Ukwenza ingqiqo yemithombo yogcino-lwazi esusiweyo, abaphathi besixeko bafuna iqonga elinokufumana inyaniso, elicocekileyo, kunye nomanyano lolwazi kumasebe ahlukeneyo kunye nokuzondla okungaphandle. Directus, umzekelo, yiqonga elivulekileyo elinogcino-lwazi elivumela izixeko ukuba zibumbe umthombo omnye wenyaniso ngokudibanisa ii-data, i-APIs, kunye neenkqubo zefayile ngaphandle kokufuna ikhowudi yesiko. Ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esinjalo, isixeko singadibanisa ugcino-data lwenqwelo-moya, uqikelelo lwemozulu, kunye nesiganeko sicwangci kwibhodi enye encinane yeziphumo zesigqibo sokwenza isigqibo.

Isalathisi esisithelekelelo kunye ne-Al

Imodeli yokufunda oomatshini ingabona imilinganiselo abantu abasenokuphoswa yiyo, njengengqungquthela phakathi kokwaphulwa kwemithetho yezindlu kunye nomngcipheko womlilo. IChicago yeprojekthi “Yezinto” [ isebenzisa i-IP ukuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi lwezimvo nokuxela kwangaphambili ubunjani bomgangatho womoya, unceda amagosa oluntu anikezele ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Noko ke, ezi zizinto zihambele phambili zifuna ulawulo olunobuchule ukuphengulula okanye ukudelela uqikelelo olunetyala.

Iibhodi eziqhawukayo zikawonke-wonke kunye nokubonakala

Ugcino-lwazi luluncedo kuphela ukuba lunokuqondwa ngabenzi besigqibo kunye nabemi ngokufanayo. Iibhodi zoqhawulo-magama ezisebenzisanayo ezakhiwe ngezixhobo ezinjenge istamau, UXHALO BENZI, okanye izicelo zeweb eziqhelekileyo ziguqulela amanani amakrwada kwitshati, iimephu, kunye neekhadi zophawulo. Ngoku izixeko ezininzi zinika iibhodi zodwilo lokwenene ezibonisa yonke into ukusuka kumaxesha empendulo kwimiba yethala lencwadi, zikhuthaza impucuko yokuvula iincwadi.

Izicelo ezisebenzayo ngaphaya kwemisebenzi yesiXeko

The theoretical benefits of DDDM become tangible when applied to specific urban challenges. Below are several areas where data-driven approaches have produced measurable outcomes.

Ulawulo lwezothutho

I-Texas A&M Transport Institute ibiza imali engaphezu kwama-87 amawaka ezigidi zemali ezoqoqosho e-U.S. ngonyaka i-A&M Transport Institute. Amadolobha alwa emva nogcino-lwazi. Los Angeles[ usebenzisa uthungelwano lweziphatho kunye neekhamera zenqwelo-moya ukulungisa ixesha elinamandla, ukunciphisa amaxesha okuhamba nge-15% kwezinye iipaseji. U-idifing data evela kwiinkampani ezinjengo-Uhaber noLift inceda abacebi baqonde iipakethi ezifunekayo ekuhambeni, ukwazisa izigqibo ezimalunga nendlela zokuhambisa abantu kunye neendawo zebhayisekile.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nempendulo yexesha likaxakeka

Ngaphezu kovavanyo lwamapolisa oluxelwe kwangaphambili, ugcino-lwazi luphucula ukusabela komlilo, imisebenzi ye-EMS, kunye nokulungiselelwa kwentlekele. Isebe lomlilo leSixeko saseNew York [ isebenzisa inkqubo yohlolo olusekelwe kumngcipheko ehlalutya iimpawu zokwakha kunye neziganeko ezidlulileyo ukubeka iliso kukhuseleko lomlilo. Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, izixeko ezininzi zisebenzisa iibhodi zogcino-lwazi kwimiba yemiba yendlela, amandla esibhedlela, kunye nenani lokugoma, kunceda ulwabeko lokwezibonelelo lokwenene lwexesha lomlilo.

Ugcino-lwazi kunye noLawulo lweNtloko

Intloko yamanzi yophuka, imingxuma, kunye nomphandle wombane zibiza kakhulu xa zishiywe zinganqandwa. I-DDDM inceda izivanyo ezisekelwe kwimeko esekelwe kwibrorho ezibukhali zoxinzelelo lwesakhiwo, ngelixa iimitha ezichuliweyo zifumana uvuzo. iPhiladelphia isebenzisa indlela yogcino-lwazi-driven ukubeka ulungiso lwendlela olusekelwe kwimeko yomgca osecaleni, umthamo wendlela, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabantu bonke, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheliseni kwe-20% yezikhalazo ngomgangatho wendlela.

Ulondolozo lwemeko-bume

Ugcino-lwazi lunceda amadolobha ajonge umgangatho womoya, alandelela umphunga wegesi eshushu, kwaye alawule ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. , Norway luthumele izimvo ezilinganisa umlinganiselo wongcoliso lwedolophu ngexesha lokwenene, ukwazisa imiqathango yeenqwelo-moya kunye nezilumkiso zempilo kawonke-wonke. Izixeko ezininzi zisebenzisa ukwakhiwa kogcino-mandla ukuze zibone izinto ezinokungenelwa kwizixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa ekudityani, zinciphisa ikharbon transss.

Iinkonzo Nentsebenziswano Yabemi

Ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwi 311 iinkqubo zengingqi, i-media yoluntu, kunye ne-intanethi yengingqi yengingqi lunika abaphathi-mgqeba abathe ngqo kwinkxalabo yabahlali. i-Boston ye-“DowScore” yebhodi yamaza enqabileyo ye-aggrees isclerings ezininzi zezenzo zeempawu zenqanawa/ukusuka kumaxesha okuphendula kutyelelo lweencwadi.] Le ndlela ayilungisi ukuphendula kuphela kobunyani kodwa ikwakhuthaza ukuqulungelana kweminyango xa idipo.

Iingxaki Nendlela Yokuzicombulula

Nakubeni kukho iingenelo ezicacileyo, ukusetyenziswa kweDDDM ngesikali akunamiqobo. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka basebenzise imiqobo emininzi enzima ukufumanisa ukuba bayakwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi.

Ugcino - lwazi Nonqabiseko

Ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi oluluqilima olumalunga nabemi kuphakamisa inkxalabo esemthethweni malunga nokujongwa, ukusetyenziswa kakubi, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukwamkelwa kobugcisa besixeko obuchuliweyo kuye kwathotywa kwezinye iindawo ngenxa yoloyiko lweprojekthi ye- “Big Mzalwan'. Ukuthetha ngale nto, izixeko kufuneka zifumane isiseko sogcino-lwazi esinamandla esichaza ukuba ngubani ongayifumana i data, ukuba ingasetyenziswa njani, kwaye ixesha elingakanani eligciniweyo. Toron’s Waterstrost project[ kunye neSiteklk Labs zijongeneebucala elijongene ngaphaya kwemibandela yangasese, kukhokelela ekubeni i-data engqongqo yemithetho elawulayokubalawulayo kunye nemithetho ezimeleyo.

Ubulunga bogcino-lwazi noxinzelelo

Ugcino-lwazi olungekalungiswa lusoloko lungadibani, lungaguquguquki, okanye lungagqibekanga. Amasebe ahlukeneyo asenokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza imboniselo eyohlukeneyo. Ukuveliswa kogcino-lwazi oludibanisa amaqonga kunye neenkcazelo ezisemgangathweni zemeta-mfonomfono- mgama kunganceda. Izixeko ezininzi zamkela iimigangatho zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo njenge [[FLT:]] Iprojectojectout Ugcino-data oluvulekileyo IDITH[[[FLTLT:]]] ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi oluqhelekileyo.

Iimeko zobugcisa

Abasebenzi basezixekweni bangaswela uqeqesho olufunekayo lokuchaza ugcino-lwazi okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili zokulwa. Uhlolisiso lwama-2021 luyi-International City/Coverty Management Association (ICMA) lufumanise ukuba bangaphantsi kwesiqingatha boorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanaye umhloli wogcino-lwazi onikezeliweyo. Ukuvala lo msantsalo, izixeko zingasebenzisana neeyunivesithi, ziqesha abahlobo bedata, okanye zinike iinkqubo zophuhliso. Ukwakha “ulwazi lwemfundo” kufuneka kube yindawo yokuqala yeenkokeli zesixeko.

Ukuxhathisa Ukuguquka

Ukusuka kuqheliselo olulifa ukuya kumgangatho ophantsi wogcino-lwazi okhutshwayo kusoloko kudibana nokuxhathisa kwenkcubeko. Abaqeshwa bangangathemba ugcino-lwazi okanye bazive besoyikiswe bubugcisa obutsha. Ukuguquka okuphumelelayo kufuna uxhaso olunamandla lwegunya elilawulayo, unxibelelwano olucacileyo ngeengenelo, kwaye uphumelele kwangethuba olubonisa ixabiso. Iprojekthi zesikhokelo kwiindawo ezisezantsi. "ezilingana nokulunga kocwangciso lokulondolozwa komgangatho wepaki"ukuhla komgangatho wesihlalo-scan'olwane.

Indleko nokulondolozwa

Izivo ezidityanisiweyo, i-software, kunye ne-alytics plat zifuna utyalo-mali lwangaphambili, kwaye amaxabiso aqhubekayo asebenzayo angazama uqingqo-mali lukamasipala. Noko ke, ukubuyela kuveziso kusoloko kuyinto eninzi. Umzekelo, uphengululo nguEsri lubonisa ukuba ulawulo lwempahla esekelwe kwiGIS kuphela lungasindisa amadolobha 10-30% kwiindleko zogcino. Imali ezivela kurhulumente worhulumente worhulumente, njengenyathelo lokuqala le-Smart City, lunganceda ukuhlahlela iindleko zokuqala.

Ukwakha iNkcubeko yoLawulo loMntu kuRhulumente weSixeko

Ubugcisa bodwa abwanele; impumelelo yenkqubo ye-DDDM ifuna ukutshintshwa kwenkcubeko kwintlangano. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka baxhase ulwazi njengesixhobo esisebenzayo kwaye bakhuthaze imeko-bume apho uvavanyo lukhuthazwa khona.

Ukhokelo Nolawulo

Ulawulo oluphezulu olumandla lunetyala. Ukuyila umphathi-mikhosi oyintloko wogcino-lwazi (CDO) okanye ulawulo logcino-lwazi lwebhunga lubangela ukuphendulana kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi ahambelana nezinto eziphambili zesixeko. isixeko saseSan Francisco samisela iSivumelwano sogcino-lwazi esenziwe ngabameli abasuka kwisebe ngalinye ukudibanisa ugcino-lwazi kunye nokucombulula iimbambano.

Uqeqesho Namandla

Ukuveliswa kweenkqubo zolwazi zokufunda nokubhala kuwo onke amanqanaba abasebenzi kunika iingenelo. Abasebenzi abahamba phambili abaqonda indlela yokufikelela nokuchaza iibhodi zoqhawulo-magama bangenza ngcono usuku ukuya kwizigqibo zosuku. Uqeqesho oluphambili lwabahlalutyi kwiindawo ezifana [[FLT: 0] Python[ okanye R[FLT]R ] iyakwazi ukuvula imodeli esebenzayo. Iqela lemigangatho yengingqi, kuquka [[FLT: 4.] iCOurtera [[FLT:]], inika izifundo ezilungiselelwe uluntu]

Isebe elidityanisiweyo

Silos are the enemy of data-driven governance. Encouraging departments to share data and work on joint projects can yield insights that no single unit could achieve alone. For example, combining health department data on asthma rates with transportation department data on traffic corridors can identify areas where air quality improvements are most needed.

Ubandakanyeko Lwasekuhlaleni Nendalo

Abami akufunekanga babe ngabamkeli abangasebenziyo bemigaqo-nkqubo yogcino-lwazi eqhutywayo. Izixeko ezininzi zikhomba ii-crasaton okanye ubugcisa boluntu apho abemi basebenzisa khona ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo ukwakha iinkqubo ezicombulula iingxaki zoluntu. Helsinki[ inenkqubo “yesixeko njengenkonzo” ebandakanya abemi ekuyileni izisombululo zesixeko ezikrelekrele, beqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi lunceda uwonke-wonke kunokuba lusebenze nje.

Isiphelo

Izigqibo zogcino-lwazi eziqhutywayo azisabi singcinga engokobunzululwazi, kodwa kusemgangathweni obalulekileyo kubaphathi besixeko abazimisele ukulawula ngokunempumelelo kwihlabathi elintsonkothileyo. Ukuhlisa ukuxinana kweenqwelo-moya nokuphucula ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhanya nokuzinziswa, iingenelo zicacile kwaye zinokusetyenziswa. Kodwa, ukufikelela ezi ziphumo kufuna okungaphezulu kunobugcisa nje; kufuna ukuzinikela kumgangatho wogcino-lwazi, ulwazi oluyimfihlo, ukufunda okuqhubekayo, kunye nokutshintsha kwenkcubeko.

Izixeko ezizityalela kwizixhobo ezifanelekileyo . "njengezimvo, GIS, ukudibanisa amaqonga afana ne-Draiceus, kunye ne-software e-alytics" kunye ne-software (ngokwangoko zakha amandla abo abasebenzi, zizakubekwa kwindawo engcono yokusebenzisa ucelomngeni lokutshintsha idolophu. Ngokudibanisa isiseko sogcino-lwazi, abaphathi besixeko bangaguqula ulwazi olungalungiswanga lube bubulumko obusebenzayo, badlulisele ubulumko, iinkonzo ezithe bhetyebhetye kwingi abasebenza kuzo. Ikamva lolawulo lwasedolobeni liyi-data-driven, kwaye ixesha lokuqalisa ngoku.