Ukuchaza Ukubonakala Kwecawa Loluntu

Amanyathelo okubonisa asuka kwindawo elungileyo ukuya kwisiseko solawulo-demokhrasi lwale mihla. Kwindlela elula, elula, yokubonisa uwonke kuthetha ukuba izenzo zikarhulumente, izigqibo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali kawonke-wonke zivulekelwe ukuba zihlolwe ngabemi, amajelo eendaba, kunye noluntu. Oku kulula akuthethi nje ngokuthumela amaphepha kwi-intanethi/indawo ebanzi, elungele ukubonakala kwaloo ndawo, kwaye kubandakanya ulwazi olusebenzayo oluvumela uluntu ukuba luqonde indlela izigqibo ezichaphazela ngayo ubomi balo. Xa oorhulumente bebeka ubuchule obucacileyo, benza inyathelo elinentsingiselo: abemi bayakwazi ukuqwalasela, ukuchaza, kunye nempembelelo kwinkqubo yexesha elizayo. Isiphumo sithetha into eyamkelekileyo, ephendulayo, nesebenzayo, nesixhobo sombuso esithembekileyo.

Noko ke, ukubonakala asiyonto isiphelo kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Kufuna ukwakhiwa okucacileyo komthetho, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, kunye nempucuko exabisa ukuvuleka ngokufihlakeleyo ekufihlekeni. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo amazwe ehlabathini jikelele aye amkela umahluko omkhulu wezixhobo zokubonisa, ukusuka kwinkululeko yolwazi ukuya kwimigangatho yoqingqo-mali. Le migudu iye yaqhutywa ngolwazi olukhulayo lokuba oorhulumente abakhaziinca-khanyiso bayakwazi ukuzuza ubuchule kunye nokonakala, ngoxa ezo zikhanyisayo zitsala utyalo, ziphucule ukunikezelwa kwenkonzo, kwaye zinika abemi amandla.

Ityala Elibalulekileyo Nelisebenzayo Kurhulumente Ovulekileyo

Ukuphendula ngaphandle kokhetho

Ukubona ngaphaya kolwazi ngokuthe ngqo kukwenza kube lula ukukhangela umntu owenza isigqibo, isizathu, kwaye nokokuba yiyiphi imiphumo. Amagosa namagosa asekuhlaleni ajongene neziphumo. Kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba benze kwimdla kawonke-wonke xa besazi izenzo zabo ukuba ziya kubonakala. Umzekelo, kumazwe apapasha inkcazelo yokwenene ngexesha, ukukhuphisana kunciphisa ubungozi bobugqwirha kunye nezivumelwano ezinyusiweyo. Olu hlobo lokubonisa ngokucacileyo lujika uxanduva ukusuka kuvavanyo lwexesha elithile lonyulo lwexesha ngalinye.

Ukwakha Nokuxhasa Intembelo

Ukuthemba urhulumente kuye kwancipha kumazwe amaninzi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ukubonakala kwelinye lawona mayeza anamandla okwakha kwakhona ulwakho ulwaneliseko. Xa abemi benokubona indlela imali yerhafu esetyenziswa ngayo, indlela esungulwa ngayo imigaqo-siseko, nendlela izikhalazo eziconjululwa ngayo, basenokubona urhulumente njengofanelekileyo nofanelekileyo. Kwakhona oorhulumente abacace gca batyekela ekufumaneni imigangatho ephezulu yokuthotyelwa kwerhafu nokuthathiswa kwerhafu ngokuzithandela, bedala umjikelo olungileyo wokuganana nokuthembana.

Ukuqhatha Nokusebenzisa Kakubi Amandla

Ukonakala kuhambela phambili ebumnyameni. Ngokufuna amagosa ukuba atyhile iimpahla, apapashe iingxelo zemfazwe ezifuna uncedo, kunye neengxelo zentlanganiso ezivulekileyo kubantu, ukusetyenziswa kokubonakala kwangaphandle kwenza imeko-bume apho kunzima khona ukufihla urhwaphilizo. Isakhiwo sobume sibonisa ukuba amazwe aneenkqubo zolawulo olunamandla, njengamaziko azimeleyo ophicotho-zincwadi kunye neenkqubo zokufumana iziphumo, ngokungaguqukiyo ngokwezikhundla ezisezantsi kwiizalathiso zorhwebo zorhyisho. Uvula lusebenza njengesithintelo, kuba nje umngcipheko woko ukuchachachacha.

Ukunika Abemi Abanolwazi Oluhle

Abemi abasebenzayo, abanolwazi olunzulu babalulekile kwidemokhrasi esempilweni. Amanyathelo okubonisa ngaphaya kolwazi aguqula amaphepha angekho ngqiqweni enkqubo abe yidata efikelelekayo abantu abanokuyisebenzisa ukuxhasa utshintsho, ukuqala amashishini, okanye ukuba abameli baphendule. Iprojekthi kaRhulumente we-OECD Open [ ibalaselisa indlela ugcino-lwazi oluvulekile ngayo kwimfundo, impilo, kunye nesiseko soncedo lwezentlalo oluvumela amaqela amaqela abantu ukuba aqonde izithuba kunye nokutyhalelana. Kulwazi olusekelwe kwimisebenzi yenkonzo. [FLTLT:] Abameli abamele bafumana iinkonzo zoluntu.

Iintlobo Ezikhulu Zokuqalisa Okubonisa ngaphaya

Izenzo zokubonisa imbonakalo zale mihla zikho ngeendlela ezininzi, nganye ijolise kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi karhulumente. Ezona zinyathelo ziphumelelayo zidibanisa imiyalelo esemthethweni, izixhobo zobugcisa, neenkqubo zokunyanga.

Iindawo zokuthumela ugcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo kunye nezingenisi zamanani

Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke baye basungula amaqonga akwindawo yokuqala, apapashe ii-data ezipapashiweyo kuqingqo-mali, izivumelwano, umthetho, ubalo lolwaphulo-mthetho, umgangatho wemekobume, kunye namanye angakumbi. I-United States''' Data.gov yayiphakathi kwezokuqala, zilandelwa ziindawo ezifanayo ezikugcino-lwazi e-UK, eCanada, iFransi, kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi. La mazibuko alungeleleneyo e-data (CSV, JSON, API), ukufikelela, eyenza ukuba iphinde isetyenziswe ziintatheli, abaphuhlisi, nabaphandi. Ucelomngeni luqinisekiswa lungapapashwanga kuphela kodwa lugcinwe luze luboniswe ngendlela yobuhlobo bobuhlobo bomsebenzisi.

Inkululeko yolwazi nokufikelela kwimithetho yolwazi

Kumazwe angaphezu kwe-120 ngoku anenkululeko yolwazi (FAI) esemthethweni. Le mithetho inika abemi ilungelo elisemthethweni lokucela amaxwebhu neerekhodi ezivela kumaqumrhu kawonke-wonke, ngaphandle kokhuseleko lomhlaba kunye nemfihlo yobuqu. Inkululeko yolwazi ye-UK ngumzekelo obalulekileyo: igubungela amagunya kawonke-wonke angaphezu kwe-100 000 kwaye iye yasetyenziselwa ukubhenca inkunkuma, ukungaphumeleli kwemigaqo, nokuphembelela ngokufihlakeleyo. Noko ke, i-FOI esebenzayo ixhomekeke ekukhupheleni ngokusebenza kwamaqela olwazi azimeleyo anokunyanzelisa.

Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lukawonke-wonke kunye nokubonakala

Izithathi-nxaxheba ezifana noqingqo-mali oluneengcambu kunye nee-portagement ezivulekileyo zinika abemi iwindow kwindlela ingeniso enyuswa ngayo kwaye isetyenziswe ngayo. Ihlabathi Lonke Ibhanki yoHlalo-mali I-lifene I-Urftership Uvavanyo Logcino-mali[] ilandela iindlela zokubonisa ubuchule kumazwe onke. Ii-rhulumente ezipapasha uqingqo-mali lobuzwe lobumi ngobuhlobo zishwankathela, uhlolo-hlolo lwaphakathi, kunye neengxelo zophicotho-zincwadi zivumela ulawulo olunentsingiselo kuluntu. EBrazil, uqingqo-mali olunolwayo lwemali kwizixeko ezifana noPorto Alegretres zivumele abemi ukuba bavote kwizinto eziphambili ezingundoqo, zombi zokwandisa ukubonakala nokulunga.

Ukufikelela kwiingxelo zeNkundla kunye neMithetho

Ukubonakala ngaphaya kwecala akupheleliselwanga kwisebe eliphetheyo. Ngoku amazwe amaninzi athetha ngeengxoxo zepalamente, apapasha iingxelo zokuvota, aze enze izigqibo zenkundla zifumaneke kwi-intanethi. Ukuvula amanyathelo okusesikweni, afana nokusasazwa kwetyala leNkundla ePhakamileyo eUnited States ne-UK, kuvumela abemi babone indlela imithetho etolikwa ngayo kwaye isetyenziswe ngayo. Oku kubonakala komeleza ukukholosa kwinkundla yezakhono zejaji kwaye kunceda kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa komthetho ngokuzinzileyo.

Isalathisi esitsha neBhanki yeNkxaso-yoMkhosi

Ukucela amagosa karhulumente ukuba atyhile izinto zawo, ingeniso, kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka zomdla zeyona ndlela ilula yokubonisa intsingiselo. Amazwe afana neGeorgia, i-Indonesia, neLatvia akha iirejistamente ze-intanethi abemi abanokuyiphendla. Ezi nkqubo zenza kube lula ukufumanisa ubutyebi obungachazwanga nokugcina amagosa ephendule ngenkqubo kawonke wonke esenokungaqiniseki kwinzuzo yangasese. Ukufakelwa, noko, kufuneka ubuchule obungqongqo bokuthintela izibhengezo zobuxoki.

Amatyeli Embali Nendaleko Yanamhlanje

Ukunyanzelisa ukubonakala kwasemthethweni kukarhulumente kunemvelaphi enzulu. Iingcinga zenkulungwane ye-18 zokukhanyiselwa ziphikisa ukufumaneka koluntu kulwazi lukarhulumente njengovavanyo lomthetho we-absolutism. Inkululeko yeSweden yoMthetho woxinzelelo ka-17666, eyamisela ukufumaneka koluntu kumaxwebhu asemthethweni, idla ngokuthathwa njengomthetho wokuqala we-FOI. Ngenkulungwane yama-20, i-United States’s Freedom of Information Act (19666) yaba ngumzekelo wehlabathi lonke, walandelwa kusasazwa kwemithetho yasekunene kunyaka wama-1990 kunye nowama 2000.

Utshintsho lwamanani lwaguqula ukubonakala okusuka kwisixhobo esisekelwe kumaphepha, esenza izinto zibe ngumsebenzi osebenzayo, umsebenzi wogcino-lwazi-odive. Ukunduluka kwe- Open Government Internealiship (OGP) ngo-2011] kwaphawula indawo yokujika: amazwe angama- 78 ngoku abophelele kwimisebenzi yesizwe equka izibophelelo ezithile ezicacileyo. Amalungu e-OGP aba netyala ngemibutho ejonge inkqubela phambili. Isivumelwano sikhawulezise ukwamkela ukhuthulo oluvulekileyo, ukuqokelelwa kobumniniso oluluncedo, kunye nokungenisa ulwazi olulungileyo.

Kutshanje, isifo esifak ’ isandla kwisifo se-COVID-19 savavanya uvavanyo. Oorhulumente banyanzelwa ukuba bapapashe ulwazi olufumana iinkxaso zonyango olungxamisekileyo, bachaze imilinganiselo eyabelwe amachiza, kunye nokwabelana ngebhayoloji yogcino-lwazi. Isifo esisisifo esitsha satyhila onke amandla ogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo (umz., amaza anqamlezayo alandelela amaqondo osuleleko) kunye nokungabi nalwazi olungenabungozi kubemi abachanabeka kwingxaki).

Ukusetyenziswa Kwezifundo Zetyala

IUnited States: Ugcino-lwazi.gov noMgaqo-nkqubo Wogcino-lwazi Ovulekileyo

Ngo-2009, ugcino-lwazi.gov umisela iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezigquma ezolimo, imozulu, imfundo, impilo, nezinye ngaphezulu. Iqonga ngoku liququzelela ii-data ezingaphezu kwama-200 000 kwaye lixhasa i-AP Is ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokwenene. Enye iziphumo eziphawulekayo kukutyhilwa kwe-data yezemali yezeli phulo ngewebhsayithi yeFederal Evolution, ekwakukho iingcuthelwa kweminye yemibutho ejongeneyo ukuze ifumane impembelelo ebhetyebileyo. Noko ke, iingxaki zisekho: ii-data ezininzi ziyasebenza, kwaye zisebenza ngokuhambelana kwemibutho yesebe yesebe yesebe ziyatshintsha.

UMthetho Wenkululeko Yolwazi

I-FOIA ye-UK ibangele amawaka ezicelo nyaka ngamnye, ukusuka kumabhunga e-othorini ukuya kumasebe kaWhitehall. I-Ofisi yoLwazi inika intsebenziswano ezimeleyo. I-Profile ephezulu iquka i-Cabinet Office yangaphakathi yezicelo [ kunye nokhutshwa kweendleko ze-MP, okwakhokelela kwihlazo elikhulu kunye neenguqulelo ezilandelayo. Nangona iphumelele, abagxeki bayabona ukuba ukulizisa nokusetyenziswa kwentengiselwano gwenxa, ibalaselisa umva nokugqithisela kwentengiselwano."

EKenya: Ubungqina Obuvulekileyo Bogcino - lwazi Nobumi

Kenya yakhupha i-Open Data Portal yayo ngo- 2011, iphenjelelwe yimodeli ye-US. Yapapashwa okokuqala yazabela uqingqo-mali, iindawo zokhuseleko, kunye namanani emfundo. Amaqela oluntu njenga Twaweza asebenzisa ugcino-lwazi ukuqwalasela inkcitho yenqanaba lengingqi kwaye agcine amagosa asekuhlaleni enoxanduva. Amava abonise ukuba ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lodwa anele, isakhiwo sobundlobongela babemi sokuqonda nokusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi sibalulekile ngokufanayo. Ngokulandelayo i-data evuliweyo kwizenzo zayo

EBrazil: Inxaxheba ekuqingqeni Uqingqo - mali

Ulwahlulo loqingqo-mali lwasungulwa ePorto Alegre ngo 1989 kwaye ukususela ngoko lwasasazeka kuomasipala abangaphezu kwe-1,500 emhlabeni wonke. EPorto Alegre, abemi balapho bavota indlela yokwabela inxalenye yoqingqo-mali lwesixeko, kunye neentlanganiso eziqhutyelwe kubamelwane ukuxubusha izinto eziza kuqala. Le ndlela inxulunyaniswa nonyuselo oluphezulu lwemijelo yococelo, lwezindlu, kunye nemfundo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kokubanjwa kwezibonelelo. Uphando luthiwe yi- World Bank [ ibonakalisa ukuba uhlahlolo-mali lohlalo lwemali lungaphucula iziphumo zolawulo xa luyilwe ngokufanelekileyo ngemithetho ecacileyo kunye nemigaqo ecacileyo.

Imiqobo Ethintelayo Ekufezekiseni

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo ezicacileyo, amanyathelo okubonisa imbonakalo ajongene nemimoya engapheliyo. Omnye umqobo omkhulu kukuxhathisa kwezobupolitika: amagosa angabona ukuba abonakala ngathi asisisongelo kulawulo lwawo kwinkcazelo kunye nezibonelelo. Koorhulumente abaninzi, inkcubeko yenkonzo yamakhaya ihlala ingekho mgangathweni, kungekho sizathu sininzi sokutyhila ulwazi ngokuphandle. Amaxhala ogcino-lwazi lwezogcino-lwazi abangela ukuxinezeleka `ukukhuselwa kwenkcazelo yobuqu) kufuneka alungelelaniswe ekukhuseleni ulwazi lobuqu, njengamagama needilesi zabemi kunye needilesi zenkampani.

Imilinganiselo yamaqumrhu lulunye ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo. Ukwakha nokugcina iindawo zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo kufuna abasebenzi abanobuchule, i-software, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali oluqhubekayo. Kumazwe angenazibonelelo ezincinane, oorhulumente basoloko bengenaso isibonelelo kwiingxelo zokushicilela, ingasaphathwayo kwiifomati ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kwemali, ii-portary zikhawuleza ziphelelwe lixesha okanye ziphelelwe lixesha. Okokugqibela, ukungaqondi kukawonke-wonke-wonke kuyazi iingcebiso ezingcono: abemi abanalwazi bangalwazi ngelungelo labo lokucela ulwazi okanye indlela yokufikelela kwi-intanethi. Ngaphandle kokwenza izicelo zokukhanya, inyathelo lokubonisa imbonakalo ecacileyo liba yingozi ekubeni liphelelwe lixesha okanye liguquke kunokuba liguquke.

Iindlela Zokwenza Utshintsho Olunenjongo

Ukusuka kumgangatho ongaphezulu uthobele ukuchanabeka kokwenene, oorhulumente nebutho labantu bangasebenzisa iindlela eziliqela ezivunyiweyo:

  • Utyhilo oluququzelelayo: Kunokuba balinde izicelo zeFOI, oorhulumente kufuneka basoloko bepapasha ii-data ezingundoqo/_actcts, uqingqo-mali, iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi-ukungagqibekanga. I-National Irenational Platform[ ifuna imikhosi yorhulumente ukupapasha iimfuno ezizinzileyo ezingaphezulu kwama-200.
  • Ukubonakala ngaphaya kokufundwa kwamanani nokungangeni: kusebenza kuphela ukuba abantu banokukusebenzisa. Oorhulumente kufuneka basebenzisane namathala eencwadi, iziko loluntu, nezikolo ukuqeqesha abemi ukuba bafumane njani kwaye bachaze inkcazelo kawonke-wonke. Ukushwankathela okucacileyo kunye nokunqumla kwebhodi ezibonakalayo kunganciphisa umqobo wokungena.
  • Uphatho oluzimeleyo oluqinisayo: iikhomishini yolwazi, ii-ofisi zophicotho-zincwadi, kunye namaziko aphezulu kufuneka abe nobuncwane namandla asemthethweni okunyanzelisa iimfuno zokubona ngaphaya. Kufuneka akhuselwe ekungeneleni kwezobupolitika kwaye anikwe izigunyaziso ezicacileyo zokusohlwaya okungeyonjongo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Sebenzisa ubugcisa ukwenza lula iinkqubo zeFOI: izicelo zengingqi, intunja ezizenzekelayo, kunye neempendulo ezisetyenziswa ngomatshini zinganciphisa ulibaziseko. Amazwe afana ne Estonia ayile inkqubo enye yokuzichaza yamanani evumela abemi ukuba bangenise izicelo zeFOI kwaye bazilandele ngexesha lokwenene.
  • Ukusebenzisana nebutho labantu abajongileyo: Imibutho engeyoyaburhulumente isoloko isebenza njengee-interdiadia, iguqulela ugcino-lwazi oluntsonkothileyo kwimicimbi ekhutshwayo. Oorhulumente bangadala iindawo ezisesikweni apho amaqela oluntu ahlola ubunjani bogcino-lwazi kwaye acebisa iinkcazelo ezintsha.
  • Ivale imbonakalo ecacileyo kwizakhono kunye noqingqo-mali: idibanisa ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo ngqo kwimijikelezo yokwenza izigqibo] umzekelo, ukupapasha iziphumo ezithambileyo phambi komvuzo------------odola abakhuphisi-mali ukubona ukungagqibeki ngoko nangoko.

Ukulinganisa Impembelelo Yokubonisa ngaphaya Kwendlela

Kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuba ngaba inyathelo lokubonisa ngaphaya koko kuphucula ulawulo. IiMetrics ziquka inani lee-data ezipapashiweyo, i-FOI icela amaqondo okunyanzelisa, uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lokubonisa i-difications, kunye nophawu lokonakala. Noko ke, iziphumo zomgangatho wesiphumo zinzima ukulinganisela. Umzekelo, ngaba uvula ugcino-lwazi kumsebenzi wesikolo ngokwenene lukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono zokufundisa? Ubungqina bokuqala obuvela ku- Melikan Economic Review lucebisa ukuba ukubonakala okucacileyo kukodwa kufuneka kungadityaniswa nokukwazi ukwenza ulwazi (umz., ukhetho lomzali okanye uxinzelelo loluntu).

Izifundo ezizimeleyo, ezifana neziqhutywa yi-International Bactal Prefeneship, khangela enoba amazwe apapasha amaxwebhu oqingqo-mali ngendlela efike ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangabemi. Ngokufanayo, i-Open Data Barometer ihlola ukugquma, ukuchanabeka, kunye nempembelelo yee-data zikarhulumente. Ezi zixhobo zivumela abaguquli ukuba baqhubeke, baphawule amakhefu, kwaye banyanzele ukulungisa ikhondo.

Utyekelo Lwexesha Elizayo: Ukubonakala Kwabantu Ngexesha Lamanani

Ukukhangela phambili, iprojekthi ezininzi ziza kubumba isizukulwana esilandelayo sokwenza ubuchule bokubonisana. Ubuchule bokwenziwa kunye nokulungiselelwa kolwimi lwendalo kunganceda abemi bahlule amaxwebhu ande enkqubo okanye bakhuphe idata engundoqo kumawaka emihlathi kwizivumelwano. Iibhloko zihlolwa ii-registers-preplain-modectal kunye neengxelo zokufumana inkxaso-mali. Kwangaxesha linye, unyuko lwe-diffiformation kunye nolawulo lweziko lwe-algoricance luveza imingeni emitsha: ukubonakala ngokucacileyo kufuneka kwandiswe kwindlela oorhulumente ekusebenzeni kwesigqibo (umz. g. e-eigigastigation, i-ntlalotion, i-oficity).

I-Open Government Administraship ye-open Government itshatsha nje yazisa ucelomngeni loRhulumente oluvulekileyo" ukukhawulezisa izibophelelo ngokubhekiselele kwimithetho esesikweni, imozulu, kunye nokunganyaniseki. Ukukhanya kuya kuqhubekeka ngokudityaniswa nezinye iinguqu zolawulo, njengeebhanki ezincedayo ezibonisa abantu emva kweenkampani zetoliki. Indlela edityanisiweyo "ukubhenca ukukhanya kwemali, ukutyhilwa kwemali yezepolitiki, kunye nokubhexelelwa kwemibhanki `iiiiiiii,' i-i-enoknonet' ekwazi ukuveza ukhuthulo olunzima kukhuseleko olubi lwezificiweyo lokusebenza kwi-Firkling.

Ekugqibeleni, indima yabemi izakuqhubeka iguquka ukusuka kubamkeli abangasebenziyo be-data evulekileyo ukuya kumanani asebenzayo kunye nabashicileli abasebenzisanayo benkqubo yokubonisa imbonakalo. Uphicotho-zincwadi loluntu, apho amatsha - ntliziyo ahlola iingxelo zikawonke-wonke, abonise isithembiso e-Uganda nasePhilippines. Njengoko ubugcisa bunciphisa ixabiso lentsebenziswano, umda phakathi kwemigudu karhulumente neyokuba nabemi yokubonisa imbonakalo uya kuba mfiliba, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni imekobume enamandla nengenakuguquka.

Isiphelo

Amanyathelo okubonisa ngaphaya kwemeko asuka kwicebo elifanelekileyo likarhulumente elifanelekileyo ukuze akhulise ukuthembeka, kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo. Ngolawulo oluvulekileyo lwe-data, iFOI, uqingqo-mali, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa, oorhulumente bangayiphelisa imisebenzi yabo baze bafake ulawulo lukawonke-wonke. Kodwa ukubonakala ngokucacileyo akuyonto ifuna ulawulo lwezopolitiko, ukutyala okuqhubekayo, nokuthenjiswa kwemi ukudlulisela iziphumo zokwenene. Indlela engaphambili ibandakanya ukungekokupapasha nje ugcino-data oluninzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi luyasebenziseka, lungaqiniseki, kwaye luyelela kwimithetho-yo. Xa yenziwe kakuhle, iguqula ulwalamano phakathi koluntu noluntu, ukuseka isiseko sobuzwe nolwamcimbi.