Ukubonakala okucacileyo kokulawula yindawo ebanzi esetyenziswa yibutho labantu elinolawulo-mpukane. Inceda abemi ukuba bagcine iinkokeli zabo zinokuphendula, baqonde indlela oovimba babantu abawabelwe ngayo, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba ngayo ekwenzeni izigqibo. Phakathi kwezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokufikelela oku kulula zikho, ezithi ngokunempumelelo zivule ulwazi olukhoyo lukarhulumente olukufikelelekayo, iifomati zedekhrasi. Ngokuwenza ugcino-lwazi lufumaneke ngokukhululekileyo kubantu, abaphandi, iintatheli, namashishini, ezi zinyathelo azilomelezi nje kuphela ukuthemba kodwa zikhuthaza ukuphuhlisa nokuphucula iinkonzo zikawonke wonke. Njengoko oorhulumente emhlabeni wonke besamkela utshintsho lwamanani, ugcino-data oluvulekileyo lweziko lwangoku, ulawulo lwabemi.

Ukuqonda Izinto Ezinokusetyenziswa Kulwazi Oluvulekileyo

Amanyathelo okuvula ugcino-lwazi abhekisela kwimpapasho elungelelanisiweyo ye-data karhulumente . Ukuhlanganisa yonke into esuka kwiinkcitho zoqingqo-mali kunye nokuthengwa koluntu ukuya kumanani olwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokujongwa kwemekobume ngezantsi. Injongo kukudala izinto ezibonisayo apho nabani na anokufikelela, ahlaziywe, asebenzise olu lwazi lokucombulula iingxaki okanye avelise ulwazi olutsha. Ngoko, umbutho wezi mini evulekileyo wedata wafumana inkqubela ephawulekayo emva kwexesha lama 2000, ekhuthazwa yi-.S. U.U.URhulumente oluLawulo oluLawulo lungamele ulawulo kunye nolulawulo lwe-PLT] [[FLT:] ITSG8] Icandelo logcino-lwazi olutsha. Ukusukela ngoko, uninzi lwamazwe namakhulu enziweyo, ulawulo lomanyano lweziko lweziko lwezikhundla lolawulo, kunye nolawulo lolawulo lorhulumente.

Imigaqo Eqhelekileyo Yogcino - lwazi Oluvulekileyo

Ukuvuleka ngenene, ugcino-lwazi kufuneka lunamathele kwiseti yemigaqo emiselwe kakuhle. Isiseko sokukhanya sesiseko sogcino-lwazi olulishumi esivulekileyo lunika isakhelo esamkelekileyo ngokubanzi:

  • Ukugcwala: Zonke ii-data zikawonke-wonke kufuneka zenziwe zifumaneke, zibekwe kwindawo yobuqu neyokhuseleko kuphela.
  • Ububhali: Ugcino-lwazi kufuneka lupapashwe kwimvelaphi yalo, ngobona bukhulu bunokwenzeka.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ixesha elifanelekileyo: Ugcino-lwazi kufuneka lukhululwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukugcina ugcino lomsebenzi walo.
  • Ugcino-lwazi lokufikelela: kufuneka lufumaneke kwisambuku, ngaphandle kwentlawulo, nakwifomati efundeka ngomatshini (umz., CSV, JSON, XML).
  • Unikezelo lweNon- derruphing kufuneka luvuleke kubo bonke, ngaphandle kokuba kufuna ubhaliso okanye ukungena.
  • Ukungalawuleki: iifomati zogcino-lwazi kufuneka zivumele udityaniso olulula nezinye ii-data kunye nezixhobo ze-alytical zixhobo.

Iintlobo zoRhulumente ezivulekileyo

I-data evulekileyo iquka iintlobo ezininzi zemimandla. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • ingeniso kunye nokuchitha imali: imivuzo yoRhulumente, izivumelwano, intlawulo, kunye nenkcitho yamasebe.
  • Isiqaqa kunye neenkonzo zentlalo: ukusebenza kwezibhedlele, ukuqhambuka kwezifo, amanani okugoma, kunye neempawu zonyango lukawonke-wonke.
  • Ityala kunye nokusesikweni: Iingxelo zengozi, ugcino-lwazi lokubanjwa, ityala lenkundla, kunye nezibalo zentolongo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imilinganiselo yomgangatho womoya, ugcino-lwazi lwemozulu, ukuhlahlela iimaphu kunye neenethwekhi zezithuthi.
  • Imfundo:[[FLT:] [ umsebenzi wesikolo, amanani okubhalisa, kunye nezabelo zemali.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Umthetho kunye nomgaqo: iirekhodi, ubhexeshiso, kunye nee-allcap.

Lunye olo hlobo lunika amandla amaqela ahlukeneyo abasebenzisi. Umzekelo, intatheli zisebenzisa ukuchitha ugcino-lwazi ukuze zifumane urhwaphilizo, abaphuhlisi bakha iiprogramu ngokwemimiselo yezithuthi, kwaye imibutho yoluntu ihlolisisa ulwazi lwempilo ukuxhasa iinkonzo ezingcono.

Ukubaluleka Kokubonisa Ingqiqo Ekulawuleni

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwengqondo asiyonjongo ngokwayo kodwa yindlela yokwakha ulwaneliseko lukawonke-wonke. Xa abemi benokubona indlela izigqibo ezenziwa ngayo . abadibana ngayo nabaphi na, indlela abathe baqingqwa ngayo, nendlela abasetyenziswa ngayo uqingqo-mali, kunye nemigaqo eqhutywa ngayo nkqubo `````banobunono''. Ukuthembana, ngokunjalo, kukhuthaza ukuthobela imithetho nerhafu ngokuzithandela, kunciphisa ungquzulwano phakathi kwabantu, kwaye kuthintela iinkqubo zedemokhrasi. Ngokuhlukileyo koko, ubuchule bokwenza uthelekelelo, ukuphembelela inkohliso, kunye nokuphelisa izivumelwano zezentlalo.

Ukuziphendulela kunye nokuLahla

Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lomeleza ngokuthe ngqo uvavanyo lweBhanki ngokuyenza ibonakale imisebenzi karhulumente. Umzekelo, xa izivumelwano zokufumana zipapashwa zibonakala ngokupheleleyo, imibutho egadayo kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ulwazi zingalawula izinto ezingahambi kakuhle njengexabiso eliphezulu okanye ungquzulwano lwenzala. uphando lweBhanki yehlabathi jikelele [ lufumanise ukuba amazwe anemigaqo-nkqubo yogcino-lwazi evulekileyo ithambeka ngokuba nemigangatho esezantsi yenkohlakalo, njengomngcipheko wokuchachachacha kwemissciation . Ngokufanayo, uqingqo-mali oluvula imali enika abemi baluthelekisa imali ethenjiswe ngezandleko, ukuze bafumane iinkcazelo zentelekelelo ezikhoyo.

Ukukhula Kwezoqoqosho Nokuhlaziywa Kwezinto

Ngapha koko kulawulwa, ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lwenza ixabiso lezoqoqosho. Iinkampani kunye nokuqalisa kwezixhobo zikarhulumente zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuqhuba inqanawa, uhlalutyo lwezakhono, uqikelelo lwemozulu, kunye nokuncomela kwempilo yobuqu. I-McKinsey Global Institute ithelekelele ukuba ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lungavula izigidi-zigidi zezigidi zeerandi kwixabiso lezoqoqosho emhlabeni wonke ngokuphucula ubuchule kunye nokwenza imisebenzi emitsha. Umzekelo, i-UK’s data.gov. ityala le port inconyelwe ngokuxhasa ukusungulwa kwe-data echumayokuqalisa kwemeko-data, ukwenza imisebenzi nokuqhuba.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuwonke Wonke Okunyusiweyo

Ukubonakala ngaphaya koko kukhuthaza ukuganana okunzulu kwabemi. Xa abantu befumana ulwazi olunokuthenjwa, banokuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kwiinkcazo zikawonke-wonke, kwiinkqubo zokuyila, kwaye babe neengxubusho ezithe ngqo kwimibandela entsonkothileyo efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu okanye ucwangciso lwedolophu. Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lunciphisa umqobo wokungena kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni, lubanika ubungqina bokuxhasa utshintsho. Ngokomzekelo, eBrazil, amaqela abantu asekuhlaleni asebenzisa uludwe loqingqo-mali ukuqwalasela iprojects zolwakhiwo lwezikolo, nto ekhokelela ekuphuculweni kwesakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zolwakhiwo.

Uhlolisiso Lwezinyathelo Zogcino - lwazi Olunempumelelo

Oorhulumente abaninzi baye babonisa ukuba inkcazelo ecacileyo inokuba nemiphumo ecacileyo.

UBukumkani Obumanyeneyo: ugcino-lwazi.gov.uk

Iqaliswe ngo-2010, idata.gov.uk ngomnye wezona ndawo zogcino-lwazi ezibanzi ehlabathini, eziphethe ii-data ezingaphezu kwama-50 000 kumasebe karhulumente ombindi kunye namasebe. Iqonga laphuhliswa ngezixhobo ezinamandla zokunika ingxelo yomsebenzisi, kuquka iifomu zezicelo zogcino-lwazi kunye noluntu olunikezelweyo lwe-FOLT. Ibangele ukuba kubekho izinto ezifana nezo Ukufumana iMy Ekufuphi [FLT:] ] API, ezo nkonzo zobulali basekuhlaleni, kunye neenkqubo ze-'APCT , kunye nexabiso lemali yezemali ehlaziweyo kunye nemali yolawulo olucuthelweyo. I-ACTT] Inkonzo evumela abathengi benqwelo-mafutha ukuqinisekisa iingxelo zenqwelo-mafutha. A202020 uqikelelo lwendawo ezivelisa iinzuzo zemali zentlalo- £5.5.10

2. Isixeko saseNew York: I-NYC Evulekileyo I-Portal Data

I- Evulekileyo yogcino-lwazi lwePortal (idata evulekileyo.iquotdowyowyork.us) yagunyaziswa nguMthetho wengingqi 11 ka 2012. Ngoku iquka ii-data ezingaphezu kwama-3, igquma zonke izicelo zenkonzo ukusuka kuma-311 zenkonzo yohlolo lwevenkile kunye nokuthengiswa kwempahla. Le ndawo isetyenziswa ziintatheli ukutyhila imilinganiselo ehlukeneyo kwiinkonzo zobugrafini, ngabaphengululi ukufuzisela ukufudumala, kunye nesiqalo sokwakha izixhobo zokuxabisa impahla. Esi sixeko sikwaqhuba “isicelo sogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo Vhoki [1] kunye neenkqubo zokuqeqesha izinto, siqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi alupapashwanga nje kodwa lusetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo.

3. Estonia: Umzekelo wolawulo lwamanani

I-Estonia idibanise ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo kwisiseko sayo solawulo lwemipu ebanzi, kuquka i-X-Road umaleko wogcino-lwazi kunye nomaleko wotshintshiselwano we-State Gazette[ yezibuko. Abahlali bangafumana iingxelo zabo zempilo, irhafu, kunye neendawo zokubhalisa ngokukhuselekileyo ii-ID, ngelixa engeyo-data-obuqu, efana nosetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neipateni zendlela. Oku kubonakala kakuhle kunikele kwimigangatho ephezulu e-Estonia kwisalathisi, isalathisi sogcino-Gatho-Genegamential Development. Urhulumente uphinda akhuphe iikhowudi ezivulekileyo zemimiselo yovavanyo lwamanani, avumela amanye amazwe ukuba alungele ukusetyenziswa kwakhona.

4. EKenya: Vula ugcino-lwazi olukwizibuko loPhuhliso

IKenya yakhupha ugcino-lwazi lwayo oluvulekileyo ngo-2011, lwaqala ukuqwalasela uqingqo-mali, impilo, kunye nee-data zemfundo. Inyathelo laliphawuleka ngokugxininiswa kwendlela esetyenziswa ngumsebenzisi ephakathi, kuquka ujongano oluhambayo kunye nokhuphelo lolwazi lweziko loluntu. Iintlangano zoluntu zasebenzisa ugcino-lwazi kwimiba yengingqi yogcino-mali, nto leyo ekhokelela ekonyuseni uphando lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Uvavanyo lwango 2016 lwafumanisa ukuba uphando lwaseluqinisiweyo ekufumaneni nokuncitshiswa kwendlela yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zempilo. Amava eKenya e-Kenya abonisa ukuba ugcino-data oluvulekileyo lunokuba luyasebenza nakwimimiselo yemiqatha.

Iingxaki Zokusebenzisa Ugcino - lwazi Oluvulekileyo

Nangona ziluncedo, amanyathelo avulekileyo okufumana inkcazelo ajongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo. Ezi ngxaki kufuneka zijongwe kwiinkqubo ukuze ziphumeze amandla azo apheleleyo.

Ugcino - lwazi Nonqabiseko

I-data yorhulumente yokupapasha isoloko ibandakanya ukulungelelanisa ukubonakala kolwazi lobuqu. Ii-data eziqulathe amagama, iidilesi, okanye ezinye iziqwalaseli kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngocoselelo okanye zigwetywe ukuze kuthintelwe ukwenziwa kwakhona komsebenzi. Oorhulumente abaninzi baye bamkela iindlela zobuqu ngokuzimisela, ezifana nezixhobo zokuphucula indalo ezizenzekelayo kunye nezivumelwano ezingqongqo zogcino-lwazi. Noko ke, ingozi yokuchanaba okanye ukuchanabeka kogcino-lwazi i-lwazi ihlala ingumsebenzi oxhalabisayo, kufuna iiseko zolawulo oluqinileyo kunye nokujongwa okuqhubekayo.

Ubunjani bogcino-lwazi kunye nomgangatho

Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo luluncedo kuphela ukuba luchanekile, lugqityiwe, kwaye aluguquguquki. Ii-data ezininzi zikarhulumente zifumana ii-metadata ezingekho mgangathweni, amaxabiso alahlekileyo, okanye iifomati ezingahambelaniyo. Ulwamkelo olusezantsi ngapha nangapha koomeli lubuthathaka, lwenze ukuba uhlalutyo olunqamlezayo lube nzima. Ngaphandle kwemigudu, abanye oorhulumente bamisele amaqela eenkqubo zogcino-lwazi (umz., amagama e-DCAT amagama e-data [iiikhathengisi]] eencwadi zoqhagamshelwano) kwaye abafakelwe kwixabiso logcino-data. Ngaphandle kwemigudu, abasebenzisi bangaphelelwa kukholo lwe-data.

Ukuxhathisa kwezentlalo kunye neengxube zokuzibamba

Ukuzalisekisa ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo kudinga ukutshintshwa kwenkcubeko phakathi korhulumente. Abasebenzi bomsebenzi wedolophu bangaluxhathisa ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi ngenxa yokoyika ukugxekwa, ukuswela izisusa, okanye imikhwa yokukhusela. Ngaphezu koko, amasebe amaninzi aswele abasebenzi bobugcisa okanye izibonelelo zokupapasha ugcino-lwazi rhoqo. Amanyathelo aphumelelayo asoloko edityaniswe ngokwezindululo eziphezulu kunye nesakhiwo somgangatho osezantsi, enika uqeqesho kubaphathi-data kunye namaqhawe-data abavunyiweyo kwisebe ngalinye.

Ukufuduswa kwecebo kunye nokulondolozwa

Ukumisa ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo nokulugcina lufuna ukuqhubekeka nokuxhaswa kweeseva, i-software, abasebenzi, kunye nenkxaso yomsebenzisi. Inkxaso-mali yeprojekthi yexeshana elifutshane ingakhokelela ekushiyweni kogcino-lwazi okanye kumakhonkco aqhawukileyo. Izenzo ezingcono ziquka ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo kuludwe lweemeko oluqhelekileyo I-IRD, ukuyila i-ofisi okanye iyunithi (ezifana neUK’s Open Data Institute), kunye nokuhlola unxibelelwano lwasese ukwabelana ngeendleko. Ukuzinziswano kuxhomekeke ekuboniseni ixabiso eliqhubekayo lokuzinzisa imali.

Iindlela Zokwenza Imisebenzi Yogcino-lwazi Oluvulekileyo Olunempumelelo

Urhulumente angasebenzisa iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina ukuze oyise olu celomngeni aze aphelise

Ukujongana

Amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi aphumelelayo aphatha abavakalisi bogcino-lwazi nabasebenzisi bogcino-lwazi njengabaququzeli abaququzelela intlalo-ntle yabemi, iintatheli, izifundiswa, kunye namashishini ekuyileni iinkqubo zokukhululwa kogcino-lwazi, ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi, nokunika ingxelo eluncedo. IiMechanism ezifana nokuxilonga kukawonke-wonke, iibhodi zomsebenzi wobugcisa, kunye nohlolo oluthe rhoqo lunceda ukuqokelela intlawulo olufunekayo. Umzekelo, isixeko saseBuenos Aires sinoproces “udies syst sy" apho abemi bacebisa iidata ezintsha kunye noncedo olucocekileyo.

Ukuxhotyiswa kogcino-lwazi neMigangatho

Oorhulumente kufuneka bamkele imigangatho eqhelekileyo yogcino-lwazi, enjenge uphakamiso logcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo okanye imposiso yehlabathi yoncedo olubonisa ngaphaya . Ukusebenzisa imizobo engaguquguqukiyo yenza ugcino-lwazi ludityaniswe ngaphaya kolawulo kwaye luhlalutywe kwisikali. Imposiso kwi AP Is Is (Imidibaniso somganiso) kunokuba nje ikhuthaze izicelo zexesha lokwenene lokukhuphela. Iimpahla zogcino-data ezisekelwe kwi-data kunye namachibi aphucula ukufikelela kwisantya.

Yakha Indlela Yokufunda

Bobabini abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye noluntu olufuna ubuchule bokusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo ngempumelelo. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho zabasebenzi abafumana ugcino-lwazi, ukubonakala, kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, zinokunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi. Kuluntu, oorhulumente bayakwazi ukucwangcisa iiverhe, ii-crathons, kunye nee-intanethi ze-intanethi. Ukuquluqela ulwazi kwizifundo zesikolo zikulungele ukubandakanyeka ngogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo. [[FLT:]] Iqela logcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo linikela ugcino-lwazi kunye nee-cribes eziye zamkelwe ngurhulumente abaninzi.

Ukumisela uLawulo oluphangaleleyo neMisebenzi yeSicwangciso

Imigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo ekufakweni kogcino-lwazi, ukuzimela, nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kubalulekile. Ugcino-lwazi oluninzi oluvulekileyo lupapashwa phantsi kwelayisensi efana ne I-Creative Adtics At intersation 4.0 okanye Ivula iLayisensi kaRhulumente [, evumela ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo nokungasetyenziswa kwe-commercaca. Oondrenti kufuneka bamisele kwakhona umphathi-omatiloshe-data okanye umbutho wogcino-lwazi ovulekileyo obekelwe kukusebenza. Uphicotho lwemi kunye nenkqubela yoluntu zigcina ukuthatha inyathelo kumzila.

Ceba Imiphumo Kanye Unxibelelane

Ukufumana i-metrics ``inani lee-data ezipapashwayo, iindwendwe ze-website, ukukhuphela ulwazi, kunye nolwaneliseko lommi oluninzi-----helps zibonisa ukubuya ekutyalisweni kwemali. Okubaluleke kakhulu, uphando lwengxelo yetyala elivulekileyo yendlela i-data ekhokelela ngayo kwiinguqu zenkqubo, iindleko, okanye iinkonzo ezintsha kufuneka zabelwe kunye ngokubanzi. Ingxelo yakha inkxaso yezopolitilizeli ize ikhuthaze amanye amaqumrhu ukuba abe nenxaxheba. Umzekelo, isixeko saseChicago ivelisa ingxelo yeziphumo zogcino-lwazi ezicacileyo zomsebenzi kunye neengenelo zoqoqosho.

Isiphelo

Amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi avulekileyo awangomsebenzi wobugcisa nje; angundoqo owenza ukuba ulwazi lubonakale, lunetyala, kwaye lulawuleke. Ngokwenza ulwazi lukarhulumente lubekho ngokukhululekileyo, ezi zenzo zinika abemi amandla okuqwalasela izenzo zikawonke-wonke, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekwenzeni izigqibo, kunye nokuqhuba inkqubela. Uphando olusuka kwi-UK, New York, Estonia, neKenya lubonisa ukuba xa lusenziwa kakuhle, ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lunganciphisa ukonakala, luphucula iinkonzo, luze luphinde luphinde luqalise ukuthembana kumaqumrhutha edemokhrasi. Kodwa impumelelo ifuna ukuzinikela okuziko lwezopolitiko, ukuqokelela ingeniso nobuchule obusebenzayo kuluntu oluza kusetyenziswa ngogcino-data. Njengokuba ulawulo lwamanani luqhubeka, ugcino-data oluvulekileyo luza kuhlala lusekho sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ukuze kuqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente abasebenzi basebenzeyo.