Ukwazisa

Ucalucalulo lobudala luhlala lulolona hlobo luzingisileyo localucalulo emsebenzini, oluchaphazela izigidi zabasebenzi abakhulileyo kulo lonke ushishino. Kodwa xa ucalulo lobudala ludibana nezinye iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo `njengebala, ubufana, ubumama, okanye unqulo] oluthi lukhule ngokuntsonkothileyo. Olu hlobo lwekhethe oluxineneyo, olubizwa ngokuba lucalucalulo-calulo-calulo [[, lubangela iingxaki ezikhethekileyo kubaqeshiweyo abajongene nooqeshi abamele bamelane nemigaqo emininzi esemthethweni nemisebenzi emele idibene nezinye iindlela zokuzikhuseli. Ukuqonda indlela abahlala beno kunye nezinye iindidi ezimeleneyo kubaluleke ngayo kukwakha imisebenzi engenakuguqulwa nokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nemithetho yomthetho, imizekelo yezoqobo, yehlabathi, kunye neyokudibana nezinye iindlela zobudala.

Ucalucalulo Lobudala Emsebenzini: Umlinganiselo Nomphumo

IAge Discrection in Observation Act (ADEA) yowe-1967 ikhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu ekucalulweni ngemisebenzi ngenxa yobudala. Lo mthetho usebenza kubaqeshi abaqeshwa nabaqeshwa abangama-20 okanye ngaphezulu kwaye ugqumathelela ukuqeshwa, ukudubula, ukunyuselwa, intlawulo, izabelo zemisebenzi, kunye nokuqeqeshwa. Nangona kungamashumi eminyaka okugunyaziswa komsebenzi, ucalucalucalulo lobudala lusasasazelo. Ngokwe-U.S. i-Oclime Observective Commission (EOc), iminyaka emalunga nama-20% ayo onke amatyala ocalulo akhutshwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kodwa iziganeko ezininzi aziwa ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi abadala abano abanoyinganga ngenxa yoloyiko okanye ukukholelwa ekubeni ikhethe oluchuku.

Ucalucalulo lobudala lusoloko lubonakala ngokujonga ixesha elibanzi, ukuba abasebenzi abadala abakwazi ukujikajika-jika, abakwaziyo ukutshintsha, okanye babiza kakhulu ukuba bagcinwe. Olu tyekelo lungakhokelela kuxinzelelo lwangaphambili, ukususwa kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo, kunye novavanyo olusezantsi. Xa ludityaniswe nezinye iimbono, iziphumo ziyakhula. Umzekelo, uphando lwama-2020 luthelekelelwa ngamabhinqa amakhulu , asengozini ephindwe kabini, ukufumana ubudala kunye nobufana, okunokuthi kunciphise amathuba awo emisebenzi ngokuphindwe kabini kunamadoda amakhulu.

Ukuze balujonge ngokupheleleyo ucalucalulo lobudala, abaqeshi kufuneka bajonge ngaphaya kweemeko zobudala baze baqonde ukuba ubudala bunxulumene njani nezinye iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo. Ingcamango yokudibana kweminqamlezo, eyaqanjwa ngumphengululi wezomthetho uKimberlé Crenshaw, inikela indlela yokuqonda ezi nkcukacha zingenayo.

Ukuqonda Iiklasi Ezikhuselweyo Phantsi Komthetho Womanyano

Amaqela akhuselweyo ngamaqela abantu abakhuselweyo ukuba bangacalucalulo phantsi kwemimiselo karhulumente. EUnited States, la maqela aquka:

  • Icala nombala – Ikhuselwe phantsi kweSihloko VII soMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi ka1942. Akukho mqeshwa ufanele aphathwa ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yombala wolusu okanye imvelaphi yobuhlanga.
  • [[NTLAWULO: 0] Sex ne Gender – Okunye kugqunywe yiSihloko VII, kuquka ukukhulelwa, imbonakalo yesondo, kunye nokuzichaza ngokwesini njengoko kumiselwe yiNkundla ePhakamileyo kwi Bostock v. Clayton County
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukungagqibeki – amaMelika anoMthetho wesiphene (ADA) alwalela ucalulo kubantu abafanelekayo abanengxaki emzimbeni okanye engqondweni.
  • Inkonzo – Abaqeshi kufuneka bawamkele ngokufanelekileyo amasiko onqulo ngaphandle kokuba ibangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko.
  • Imvelaphi yesizwe – ikhusela abantu ekucalucalulweni okusekelwe kwindawo azalelwa kuyo, kumnombo, okanye kwimvelaphi yesithethe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Age – i ADEA ikhusela abo bangamashumi amane nangaphezulu, kodwa ayigqubutheli abasebenzi abaselula (nangona eminye imithetho karhulumente).
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ulwazi lweGenetic – The Genetic Information Nondicrinication Act (GINA) yokwalela ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi lwemfuza kwizigqibo zemisebenzi.

Le mithetho idla ngokuthetha ngocalucalulo olusekelwe kuphawu olunye. Kodwa ke, abaqeshwa badla ngokuhlala kumaqela amaninzi akhuselwe ngexesha elinye. Indoda eneminyaka engama-55 ubudala emnyama, ibhinqa elineminyaka engama-62 ubudala elikhubazekileyo, okanye ummi wamaSilamsi oneminyaka engama-48 ubudala ngamnye uphethe ii-arhente eziliqela ezikhuselekileyo. Umthetho uqala nje ukubamba ubunyani bocalucalulo olukhawulezileyo.

Ukudibana Kweminyaka Nezinye Iimpawu Ezikhuselweyo

Ucalucalulo oludibeneyo lwenzeka xa umqeshwa ephathwa ngokungekho sikweni kungengenxa yobudala okanye enye into kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwabo okukhethekileyo. IEOC iye yaqonda ukuba ucalucalulo ludla ngokubangelwa lukhetho olungenalukhetho. Ngokutsho kwangapha sihlolisisa indlela ubudala obunxulumene ngayo neeklasi ezingundoqo ezikhuselekileyo.

Ubudala Nobuhlanga Okanye Ubuhlanga

Abasebenzi abadala abanombala banamava ohlobo olukhethekileyo localucalulo oluquka ubudala kunye nobuhlanga. Umzekelo, umqeshwa wase-Merika ongaphezulu kwama-50 angabonwa njengo ongenabuchule [ ngenxa yokujongwa kobude bucala malunga nobudala kunye nohlanga, ukunciphisa amathuba abo okunyuselwa. Uphando lubonise ukuba abasebenzi abakhulileyo abantsundu banokulahlwa ngaphezu kwabelungu, kwanaxa belawula umsebenzi. Ngokufanayo, abasebenzi abadala base-Speyin banokujongana neengcinga zolwimi okanye ukufaneleka kobuzwelo, badityaniswa neenkolelo zokuba "badala kakhulu ukuba bafunde iindlela ezintsha.""

Umzekelo wehlabathi wokwenene uvela kwi-EEOC litigtion, apho inkampani yafunyaniswa ukuba yadlula ngokulandelelana kwabasebenzi abadala base-Asia naseAfrika ukuze bafumane amathuba okuqeqesha abasebenzi abancinane abamhlophe. Le meko yabalaselisa indlela ucalucalulo lobudala nolohlanga olunokuqinisana ngayo, idala imeko echaseneyo kubasebenzi abancinane abakhulileyo.

Ubudala Nohlanga

Amabhinqa amadala ajongene noququzelo lobudala kunye noqhaqho-magama olunokonakalisa ngokukhethekileyo. Amabhinqa amadala adla ngokujongwa njenganomtsalane omncinane, angakwaziyo, kwaye amiselwe kakhulu kwiindlela zawo kunamabhinqa amancinane okanye amadoda amakhulu. lo mgangatho uphinda-phinde kabini [ uchaphazela ukuhambela phambili komsebenzi wempangelo kunye nentlawulo. Uphando olusuka kwi-AARP lubonisa ukuba amabhinqa angaphezulu kwama-50 afumana imali engaphantsi kwamadoda nangaphantsi kwama-40 ngokwemisebenzi efanayo, kwanasemva kokunikwa amavava nangokwemfundo. Isiganeko se "game-gen-gender" sikwachaphazela ukucalulana komo womsebenzi othile, umzekelo, amadoda amakhulu asemasimi asemadolomelwe aneziqulukeni aneziqulo anokubuzwa ngemisebenzi okanye ukusebenza kwawo.

Kwicandelo lobugcisa, umlinganiselo obhalwe kakuhle ubonisa ukuba onjineli abadala badla ngokugqithiselwa kwindima yokhokelo baze bafumane ireyithingi esezantsi yomsebenzi kunamabhinqa amancinane namadoda amakhulu. Olu tyekelo lokudibana komhlala-phantsi okanye umsebenzi unokubangela utshintsho lwangaphambili, ukunxitywa kweenkampani ezinesiphiwo.

Ubudala Nokungakhuthazi

Abasebenzi abaneziphene kamva ebomini bajongene nokudibana komgama okhethekileyo: abalingani nje kuphela nomdala kodwa bagqalwa njengabangenako. I-ADA ifuna indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo, kodwa abasebenzi abadala abaneziphene basoloko bedibana nezigqibo zobudala zombini (umz. "abanakuhlala benolwazi oluqhelekileyo") kunye nolunolwazi oluqhelekileyo. Le sibini siyakwazi ukukhokelela ekuqeshweni, abaqeshi becinga ukuba iminyaka engama-5 ubudala enomlinganiselo ongaphantsi komlinganiselo womzimba osebenzayo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukudlala phakathi kobudala nokukhubazeka kungachaphazela impucuko yasemsebenzini. Umqeshwa okhulileyo ongakwaziyo ukuva usenokungavunyelwa ukuba ahlale kuba oomasipala bakholelwa ukuba ubudala bubangele isiphene sokwemvelo, ukutyeshela imbopheleleko esemthethweni yokubonelela ngezixhobo zokunceda. IEOC iye yabona ukwanda kwezityholo ezidibanisa iminyaka yobudala neziphene, ingakumbi kwimizi - mveliso enemisebenzi efuna amandla emzimbeni.

Ubudala Nonqulo Okanye Imvelaphi Yesizwe

Ucalucalulo lonqulo ludla ngokudibana nobudala xa abasebenzi abadala bebambelele kwiinkolelo ezingokwesithethe ezingqubanayo nemisebenzi yale mihla. Umzekelo, umqeshwa wamaSilamsi osekhulile usenokungalinikwa ixesha lokuthandaza ngexesha lokutshintshana, umqeshi ekhankanya ukungafezeki ngenxa yobudala. Ngokufanayo, abasebenzi abadala belizwe elithile banokujamelana nocalucalucalulo olusekelwe kulwimi oluqhelekileyo.Ngoko ke, umsebenzi omdala onegama elivakalayo usenokuba ungonwabi ngobuchule bonxibelelwano ngenxa yobudala kunye nemvelaphi yesizwe.

Noko ke, iEEOC inike ulwalathiso lokuba iziphumo zokudibana kwemida ziyasebenza yaye iinkundla ziye zaqalisa ukuvuma ukuba ubudala obudibene nezinye iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo bunokubangela umonakalo okhethekileyo.

ISibonelelo esingokwasemthethweni seNkathi yokuNqanda iNxaxwane

Umthetho womanyano awuniki mthetho omnye, obanzi ogquma ucalucalulo lokunqumla izidi. Endaweni yoko, abaqeshwa kufuneka bazise oko kuthethwa phantsi kwemithetho emininzi okanye baxhomekeke kwingcamango "yenjongo". Kwimeko edityanisiweyo, umqeshwa kufuneka angqine ukuba uphawu olukhuselweyo (indawo, uhlanga, njl. njl. njl.) lwaba yifekta ekhuthazayo kwisenzo esingalunganga, nokuba ezinye izinto ziphumele indima. Uxanduva luye luye luye lubuyele kumqeshishinano ukubonisa ukuba isigqibo esifanayo besingasenziwa nokuba sisiphi na.

Imithetho Engundoqo

  • I-Agenti ye-Orthom Act (ADEA)-Ukhuselo lwabasebenzi 40+ kodwa inebhari ephezulu yokufuna intlukwano ezidityanisiweyo. INkundla ePhakamileyo kwi Gross v. FBL Financial Services [2009]) yawisa umthetho wokuba ii-parttiff kufuneka zibonise ubudala bebuyi "kodwa-ya" unobangela wocalulo, hayi nje okhuthazayo. Oku kwenza ixesha lokudibana kwenqanawa lifuneke nzima ngakumbi kunohlanga okanye ubufana phantsi kwe-I-I-intloko, apho i-octivection ivumelekileyo.
  • Isihloko VII seSiqu se-I ye-IFORT Act - Igquma uhlanga, umbala, unqulo, isini, nemvelaphi yesizwe. Ivumela iziphumo ezidibeneyo, ngoko abasebenzi bangaphikisa ukuba ubudala bungomnye woothunywa abaliqela, kodwa kufuneka banxulumane iminyaka yobudala ne-Sihlomelo se-VII. Umzekelo, ibhinqa eliNsundu elingaphezulu kwama-50 lingaphikisa ukuba ubudala balo nohlanga lwalonke luzisizathu sokubulawa kwalo.
  • AmaMelika anoMthetho wesiphene (ADA) – akhusela abantu abaneziphene nangayiphi na iminyaka yobudala. Abasebenzi abaneziphene emva kwama-40, iADEA kunye ne-ADA basenokusebenzisa. Iinkundla zivumele ukuba ubudala kunye nokukhubazeka kubangele umqobo ongekho mthethweni.
  • Imithetho yemo neyobulali – Amazwe amaninzi anezona zikhuseli zikhulu, kuquka imithetho egquma lonke ixesha kwaye evumela ukudibana. Amanye amaphondo ayazi ngokucacileyo ukudibana kwemimiselo yawo yocalulo.

Ucelomngeni Lokubonisa Ukuba Ucalucalulo Luya Kufikelela

Olunye ucelomngeni olukhulu kukwahlula okuphambili kwesigqibo. Abaqeshi badla ngokuphikisa ngelithi ukuphelisa okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuqesha kubangelwa kukusebenza, hayi kukucalula. Ngaphandle kobungqina obuthe ngqo (umz., amagqabaza okukhupha iintetho ezinxulumanisa iminyaka yobudala ebuhlanga), amanyala kufuneka axhomekeke kwimiba engafaniyo, ubungqina obungokwendlela, kunye nezibakala. Olunye ucelomngeni kukuba inkoliso yomthetho ilawula iiklasi ezikhuselwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Abagwebi bangafuna abathathi-mfa ababonisa ucalucalucalulo oluthelwe ngokweelwano lohlanga, nto leyo engenakukwazi ukuxhomekeka xa iintlukelo zombi zinokungadityani.

Ngoko, ezinye iinkundla ziqalile ukuthatha indlela yobugqwirha. EOC v. M&M Supermarket (2018), inkundla yavumela isaziso sokuba umqeshi omdala oMntsundu ugxothiwe ngenxa yokudityaniswa kobudala nohlanga, nangona umqeshi wayene nentshukumisa edityanisiweyo. Isigqibo saphawula ukuba "uhlobo lwecalulo localulo alukwazi ukubekwa kakuhle."

Uphuhliso lwakutshanje olungokwasemthethweni

I-EEOC ibeke ucalucalulo olucwangcisiweyo kwiCwangciso sayo se-Ectecment Enictivement. Ngo-2020, umbutho ukhuphe isiqinisekiso kwi- i-Interactational Tractivation[, icacisa ukuba ityala lingagcinwa phantsi kwesiseko esininzi ngexesha elinye. Ngelixesha oku kungawutshintshi umthwalo wobungqina, inika imiqondiso yokuba abaphengululi bazakuqwalasela iimbono ezicalulo. Ngaphezu koko, amanye amazwe anjengo-California afake ii-factoroms acts akwa ngokomthetho we-Implate, ukuvumela abasebenzi ukuba bazise ukuvalwa kwemibalwano ephakathi, bevumela ukuba bazise izikhankatho ezisekelwe kwi "indawo ezikhuselekileyo zeempawu ezikhuselekileyo.""."

Njengoko abantu besiya behlukahluka yaye bekhula besebenza, imigaqo engokwasemthethweni iya itshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe. Abaqeshi bamele balubeke phambili olu tshintsho ngokuqonda ukuba ucalucalulo lobudala alufane lwenzeke xa kungena thuba.

Impembelelo kwabaqeshwa nabaqeshwa

Iziphumo zocalucalulo oluhambelana nocalulo zifikeleleka kakhulu. Kubaqeshwa, kungakhokelela ekulahlekelweni yingeniso, ukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi, ukuphelelwa yimpilo, nokungaphili-nyaniseki. Uphando olupapashwa ku- Journal ye-Applied Gerontology [ lufumanise ukuba amabhinqa amadala ajongene nocalulo lobudala nolohlanga ayenomlinganiselo ophezulu wodandatheko nolwaneliseko lomsebenzi kunalawo ayejongene nohlobo olunye lobugxwayiba. Unyuselo lunganyanzela abasebenzi abanesiphiwo ukuba baphumele ngaphandle komsebenzi ngaphambi kwexesha, nto leyo ikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolwazi lweziko loburhulumente kunye nolwahluka-ntlalo.

Kubaqeshi, amaxabiso abalulekileyo. Imithetho ebandakanya iziseko ezininzi zocalulo intsokothile kwaye ixabisa kakhulu ukukhusela. Ngaphandle kwemali esemthethweni, iinkampani zijamelana nomonakalo wodumo, imilinganiselo ephantsi yabasebenzi, kunye nobunzima bokutsala italente engafaniyo. Uphando lwama-2022 SHRM lufumanisekufumanise ukuba imibutho enamasiko ahlukeneyo athetha ngokuhambelana nokudibana kwemibango, kwaye isebenzisa i-40% yamanani asezantsi okujika-jikayo phakathi kwabasebenzi abakhulileyo. Ukungahoyanga ukudibana kwemibutho kungaphumela ekuphosweni, njengoko amaqela ahlukeneyo engqinekelelwa kwi-agnodel

Owona Mkhwa ulungileyo kubaqeshi kwiNtlanganiso yeNkxaso

Abaqeshi banokuthabatha amanyathelo okuthintela ucalucalulo nokuhlala kwindawo ephangaleleyo.

Ingcebiso ekhuthazayo yokulwa nokonakalisa

Imithetho ifanele ichaze ngokucacileyo ukuba ucalucalulo olusekelwe kunxulumano lweempawu ezikhuselweyo aluvumelekanga. Quka ulwimi olugubungela iminyaka yobudala, uhlanga, ubufanasini, ukukhubazeka nezinye iimpawu. Ukunika imizekelo yeemeko zokudibana kwemiqathango ngoko ke abasebenzi bayakuqonda oko kungumkhethe.

Nikeza uqeqesho lwemibhobho enqamlezayo

Uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo ludla ngokuphatha iklasi nganye ngokwahlukeneyo. Endaweni yoko, quka uqeqesho olubonisa indlela abantu abajongene noluvo lwabo olufanayo. Sebenzisa uphando olubonisa ubudala kunye nobufana babantwana kunye nobufanasini okanye ubuhlanga. Abaphathi abafundisayo ukuhlolisisa iimbono zabo baze baphephe ukwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwiimvakalelo ezinokuphenjelelwa ziimvakalelo ezininzi ezinokuphenjelelwa ziimbono zocalucalulo. Qeqesha abasebenzi ngendlela yokuchaza ukuba izikhalazo ziya kuthathwa nzulu

Ukusebenzisa iNkqubo yokuHlakulela nokuKhuthaza

Uhlolo olungaqondakaliyo lunganceda ukunciphisa ikhethe kwinqanaba lokuqesha. Sebenzisa udliwano-ndlebe lwemibuzo ekwimo esezantsi ukunqanda iimbono ezinokubonakalisa ubudala okanye umahluko wohlanga. Ukunyuselwa, kuqinisekisiwe ukuba imilinganiselo icace, injongo, kunye nomsebenzi. Iziphumo zohlolo ngokweminyaka, uhlanga, kunye nobufana besini kunye, khangela ukuba amabhinqa amakhulu anemibala ahambela phambili ngokwexabiso elilinganayo namanye amaqela. Ukuba umahluko ukhona, hlolisisa oonobangela.

Yenza Ingxelo Ecacileyo Nobuchule Bokuphendula

Abaqeshwa kufuneka banikele ingxelo yemijelo ekhuselekileyo yokucalucalucalulo ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela. Banike iingxelo ezininzi: ummeli we-HR ochaziweyo, i-injini eshushu, okanye icandelo lesithathu le-ombudsman. Zifake ityala zonke izikhalazo ngokukhawuleza nangokucokisekileyo, kwaye wenze inyathelo lokulungisa xa kufunyenwe ikhethe. Banike abaphathi-mikhosi abamele baphendule ngokuzigcina kwindawo ezikuyo, kuquka ukuhlolwa kokwenza ingqeqesho nezigqibo.

Izithethe Eziquka Iminyaka

Thobela iminikelo yabasebenzi abadala abasuka kuzo zonke iimvelaphi. Yenza iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezidibanisa abasebenzi abancinane nabakhulileyo ukuphelisa izithethe eziqhelekileyo. Khuthaza amaqela abasebenzi abasebenzi abathetha ukudibana kweminyaka yobudala kunye nezinye ii-Ofisi, ezifana ne "Amabhinqa Angaphezulu kwama-40" okanye "Anengxaki." Cela abasebenzi ukuba bathethe rhoqo ngemozulu yomsebenzi kwaye balungise imigaqo-nkqubo ngokufanelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Ukudibana kocalucalulo lobudala nezinye iiklasi ezikhuselweyo asiyonto iphambili. Ichaphazela inxalenye ekhulayo yomsebenzi. Njengoko isizukulwana esikhulayo siqhubeka sisebenza kwixesha elidlulileyo lomhlala-phantsi wesithethe kwaye njengoko imisebenzi isiya ihlukahluka, ukungazihoyi ukucalulana akusasebenzi kukhetho. Abathathi-nxaxheba ababuqonda ubuntlola bekhethe baze benze inyathelo labo lokulungisa, baya kulwakha ngakumbi, iya kuqina ngakumbi. kubaqeshi, ukuqonda amalungelo abo phantsi kwemithetho emininzi kukwinyathelo lokuqala lokufuna okusesikweni. Inkqubo engokwasemthethweni iyaqhelanisa, kodwa eyona nguqulelo engundoqo yenza iyenzeka kwinkcubeko. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yenkcubeko nokuqhuba imigaqo-nkqubo yexesha lokudibana kwayo, amashishini angenza imekobume apho bonke abasebenzi bemigxubene, amashishini, ama-spesenti, ama-degren, ama-ne, ama-devieaged, as, as, as, as/s/10, kunye ne-'a

ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluninzi, jonga kwi 'EOC''''''' iphepha uphinde uhlole [SM] isikhokelo se-SRM kwimithetho yocalulo lobudala[[[FLT:]]. Ufundo olungaphezulu kwi-'kudibana kwemida lungafunyanwa inqaku le American Bar Association elikwisinqamleziso sobuda nohlanga.]