Ulwalamano phakathi komthetho kunye nolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo lweshishini luye lwanempembelelo, oludla ngokuphawulwa ngoxinzeleleko kunye nokuncedisana. Imithetho yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, okusesikweni, kunye nezenzo zesimilo, kodwa ingenza iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga zokuphuhliswa. Ukuqonda esi sixhobo kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkokeli zeshishini, abenzi bemithetho, kunye nabafundisi abazama ukukhangela indawo apho ukuthotyelwa nokuyila kumele kuhlale khona. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ukudibana okuninzi phakathi komgaqo nophuhliso, linika ukuqonda kwindlela amashishini anokuguqula ngayo imingeni yokukhula.

Ukuqonda Ukubuyiselwa Kwemeko Yamashishini Yale Mihla

Umgaqo ubhekisela kwimithetho kunye nemigaqo emiselwe ngoorhulumente okanye amaqumrhu alawula indlela amashishini asebenza ngayo. Le mithetho inokuba nemigangatho emininzi equka imekobume, imithetho yokusebenza, i-data, ukuzibophelela kwemali, kunye nokukhusela abathengi. Injongo eyintloko yomgaqo kukukhusela umdla woluntu (_ukukhusela ukhuseleko, ubulungisa, nokuphendulana. Kodwa ke, impembelelo kumashishini ingahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ayila ngayo, ekunyanzeleni, nasekusebenziseni imigaqo.

Umiselo lomthetho lungaqukwa ngokwahlulwa ngokwamaqela kumgaqo obekwe phambili wokubhalwa kombhalo (othi ukhankanye iindlela ezichanekileyo okanye ubuchule bokwenza) kunye nomthetho osekelwe kumsebenzi (othi umisele iinjongo kwaye uvumele izifemu zikhethe indlela yokuhlangabezana nazo). Umthetho osekelwe kumsebenzi usoloko uthathwa njengolungiso olungakumbi kuba unika ubuchule. Umzekelo, i-U.S. uKhuselo lwendawo engqongileyo olucocekileyo loMkhosi womoya uvumela iinkampani ukuba zisebenzise ubugcisa obahlukeneyo ukunciphisa ukukhupha ungcoliseko, ukhuthazo lokwenza ulawulo longcoliso.

Enye ingcamango ebalulekileyo kukubanjwa kolawulo, apho amaziko olawulo alawulwa yimizi-mveliso ekufuneka ukuba ayilawule, ikhokelela kwimithetho exhasa ukukhutshwa nokucinezela ukhuphiswano. Ukuqonda ezi ntshukumo zinceda amashishini alindele utshintsho lomthetho kwaye alungise iindlela zawo zokuqalisa. Ukuqhubeka nokufunda kwingcamango yomthetho, bona i- yenkqubo yokwalathisa i-OSD Outlook[.

Indima Yokuhlaziya Ulwando Lweshishini

Ukuzinzisa yinkqubo yokuphuhlisa iingcamango ezintsha, iimveliso, iinkonzo, okanye iindlela eziphucula impumelelo, okanye ixabiso. Kumo woshishino, ulwando, ukhuphiswano, umahluko wemarike. Ngokweenkqubo zophando [[FLT: 0] McKinsey, iinkampani eziphuhlisa ukuphuhlisa ulwando lwengeniso kwaye zibuyisela upheleleyo kubaxhasi.

Iintlobo zoHlaziyo

Ukubuyiselwa kungenza iintlobo ezininzi, nganye inolwalamano lwayo ukuya kumthetho:

  • [[UMTL:0] Iprojekthi yokuzilungisa: Ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha okanye eziphuculiweyo, ezinjengezithuthi zombane okanye inyama esekelwe kwizityalo. Olu hlobo lusoloko lubangela ukhuseleko kunye nemithetho yokubhala amagama.
  • Imposiso: Ukwenziwa, ukwenziwa, okanye iindlela zokuhambisa inkonzo. Umzekelo, iindawo zokugcina impahla ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa amaxabiso kodwa zinganyusa inkxalabo yolawulo lwemisebenzi.
  • Imodeli yeshishini: Ukutshintsha indlela inkampani edala ngayo, izala, kunye nexabiso lokufumana. Unyuko lokwabelana ngezoqoqosho (umz., Uber, Airbb) yavavanya indlela yokuhamba ekhoyo kunye nemithetho yokwamkela iindwendwe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukutshintsha: ukunikezela idilesi kufuna intlalo efana nokufikelela kwempilo okanye ukungeniswa kwemali, okusoloko kusebenza kumacandelo anolawulo oluphezulu.

Uhlobo ngalunye olutsha lusebenzisana nomthetho ngokwahlukileyo, ufuna iindlela ezilungiselweyo zokuthobela nokuphatha.

Impembelelo Entle Yokulungelelaniswa Kotshintsho

Ngelixesha imithetho inokuthintela ukwenziwa kwezinto, ikwasebenza njengentshukumisa yokuhlaziya. Lento isoloko ibhekiswa kuyo njenge "Ingcamango yomPolisa," ecebisa ukuba imimiselo yemeko- bume ecwangcisiweyo ingenza utshintsho olungaphezulu kunokunciphisa iindleko zokuthobela.

Ukuseka imigangatho eGuqulayo

Imithetho emisela imilinganiselo ye-oyile kodwa enokufumaneka inyanzelisa iinkampani ukuba zifumane izisombululo ezintsha. Umzekelo, i-European Union ye-Eupanon Climate [ igunyazisa ukuncitshiswa kwe-oyile yegesi eshushu ngo-2030. Eli xhoba liye lakhuthaza utyalo olukhulu kubugcisa bamandla avuselelwayo, ukugcina ibhethri, kunye neenkqubo zokubamba ikharbon. Ii- Companies ezifana ne-Tesla kunye noSiemen zinezikhonkwane zivuthuze i-ncitha igesi ehamba ngombane nangombane.

Ukufumana intelekelelo nongeno lwabathengi

Imithetho ekhusela amalungelo abathengi . njengemithetho ye-data okanye imigangatho yokhuseleko lwemveliso.

Ukudala Iivenkile Ezintsha

Ulungiso lungadala iimarike ezintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, iCeleod Act ilungisa inkqubo yonyaka ka-1990 yenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwe-sulfur dioxide, eyabangela ukuba kubekho urhwebo lorhwebo kunye nobugcisa bokulawula ungcoliso. Ngokufanayo, imithetho yonyango efuna iimvavanyo olunzima lwezamayeza iye yabangela ukuba imibutho yophando (CROs) ejongene nokuvavanywa kweziyobisi.

Impembelelo Engafanelekanga Yokuphinda Kubekho Utshintsho

Kwicala lotyibiliko, imimiselo eyenziwe kakubi okanye eqiniswe kakhulu ingathintela ulwakhiwo ngokudala imiqobo ekungeneni, ukwandisa iindleko zokusebenza, nokuphambukisa oovimba ekuphandeni nasekuphuhliseni.

Iindleko eziphezulu zoqoqosho

Ukuthobela ulawulo kudla ngokufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kubuchule bomthetho, iinkqubo zokunika ingxelo, kunye nolungelelwaniso. Kushishino oluncinci noluphakathi (Ii-SMES), la maxabiso angathintelwa. Uhlaziyo lwe-All Street Journal [ lufumanise ukuba ukuthobela inkcitho yemali ye-U.S. imimiselo yorhulumente ingaphezulu kwe-R1,1 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ngeminyaka, ichaphazela ngokugqithisileyo iifemu ezincinci. Oku kuphambukisa imali ukusuka kwi-R&D kunye ne-Ecrefication, ngqo.

Izithintelo Ekungeneni Nakurhwebo

Ukusingqongileyo okulawulayo okuntsonkothileyo kungenza imiqobo ekungeneni, ekudimazeni urhwebo nokunciphisa iinguqu zeengcamango ezisemaketheni. Kushishino olulawulwa kakhulu njengezemali kunye nezonyango, ukuqala kufuneka kuhambele phambili ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, imvume, kunye nemvume. Oku kunokukunceda ekulungiseni oovimba abanazo izinto zokulawula umthwalo onzima, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunikezeni uxanduva. Umzekelo, ukunyuka kwefintech kwaqala kuthatyathwa yimithetho yebhanki, nangona amanye amazwe kamva eveziswe "indawo zokutyela" ukuhlisa umgangatho wokudlala.

Ukungaqiniseki Kolawulo

Utshintsho oluthe rhoqo kumgaqo okanye imigaqo engacacanga ingenza ukuba utshintsho olutsha lungaphazanyiswa. Amashishini angazimisela ukuvelisa okanye utyalo-mali kwi-R&D ende ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ngeemfuno zexesha elizayo. Ingxoxo eqhubekayo ngomthetho wokungaqiniseki eUnited States ikhokelele ukuqala kwebloko ezithintelayo ezininzi ukufuduka kujikelezo oluthe tyelele kwimithetho ebanzi efana neSingapore okanye iSwitzerland.

Izifundo zokwamkelwa nokubuyiselwa kotshintsho

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene kunika ingqiqo ecacileyo ngendlela ulawulo nolwakhiwo olusemgangathweni ohlukeneyo olusebenza ngayo.

Icandelo lobuxhakaxhaka: Imfihlo yogcino-lwazi kunye nokungagqibeki

Icandelo lobugcisa lisoloko lijongene notshintsho olukhawulezileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo ngenxa yesantya sotshintsho lwamanani. I-GDPR, esebenzayo ngo-2018, imisela uphawu lwebhentshi yomhlaba wonke ukwenzela ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi. Ngeli xesha amaxabiso okuthobela ayephezulu, umthetho wakhuthaza ukuvela kobugcisa bokusebenzisa i-engile (PET). Iinkampani ezifana ne-Applee i-apple isebenzisa imfihlo yokusasaza.

Ishishini lemizila yezonyango: Ukulungelelanisa Ukhuseleko nesantya

Kushishino lwamayeza, imigaqo iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweziyobisi nokusebenza, kodwa iyakwazi ukuthoba inkqubo yokuvunywa kweziyobisi. Ulawulo lokutya neziyobisi e-U.S. (FDA) lunombhobho omde ovumelayo, onokuthi ulibazise unyango lokusindisa ubomi. Noko ke, olu lawulo lukwakhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kovavanyo lweziko lonyango kunye nendlela yokuphuhlisa amayeza. Umzekelo, inkcazo yeFDA ehamba ngomlomo inyusa ukuphuhlisa iimeko ezinzulu, ngelixa izicwangciso zokuvavanyanisa ixesha lokwenene lokusebenzisa imigaqo-mthetho esesikweni. I-COVID-19 ibalase indlela yokulungisa ukuguquka komdlalo lwezakhono kunye nophuhliso lweziyobisi. Umzekelo, iDDAPlaybo i-Draborborborbor-agionts ngaphandle kokwenza iprojective ngaphandle kokwenza ukhuseleko.

Izakhono Namandla: Imithetho Yokusingqongileyo

Imilinganiselo egqithisileyo yezorhwebo kunye nemveliso yepetroli kwiEuropean Union naseKhalifoniya iqhube iinguqu kwizithuthi zombane (eV), izinto ezilula, kunye nezixhobo zokuqhuba ezixubileyo. Ukunyuka kweTesla njengenkokeli yentengiso zenzakaliswa ngokwenxenye ngetyala lemali kunye nemvume yezithuthi ezihamba ngombane. Kwelinye icala, ukukhutshwa kwegesi yedizili kwiVolkswagen kubonisa indlela ukuzama ukujika imimiselo okungasingeneli, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufumaneni intlawulo oluphezulu nokuphelelwa kwethemba.

ISebe lezeMali: IFintech neOpen Bank

Imithetho yemali yeProftiP-2008 enjenge Dodd-Frank kunye neBasel III yandisa iimfuno zekomkhulu kunye nemithwalo enyanzelisayo yeebhanki zesithethe. Oku kwavula ucango ukwenzela ukuqalisa kwe-fintech ubugcisa obunesantya esiphezulu ukunikezela ngeenkonzo eziphantsi kwemali. Okwangoku, i-European Union’s Service Directive Directive Directive (PSD2) egunyazisiweyo ukuba ibhanki ivule, inyanzelele iibhanki ukuba yabelane nabaxhasi becandelo lesithathu elidlula kwi-APIS. Lo mthetho ukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwemiqathango yobuqu, ukuhlawula ii-aggreators, kunye nemigangatho yokuboleka.

Ubuchule bokulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa nokulungisa

Ukufumana ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi komthetho nophuhliso kufuneka unxibelelwano olunentsebenziswano phakathi kwamashishini, abalawuli, nabangenisi-mali. Nazi iindlela eziliqela ezinokunceda imibutho iphumelele kwimeko-bume elungelelanisiweyo.

Ukunxulumana kwiNxibelelwano yoLawulo

Ukukhuthaza unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo phakathi kwabalawuli namashishini kunganceda omabini amacala aqonde imingeni kunye namathuba. Amaqumrhu kufuneka abe nenxaxheba kukhangelo lukawonke-wonke, kumaqela oshishino, nakumaziko omqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Umzekelo, iSikhuseli-moya neKhomishini ye-Exchange (SEC) idibene neefemu ezikwiziko le-Innovation Lab ukuhlola iziphumo zokulawula kwebhrakitha ne-ooids.

Ukwamkela Imithetho Ebhetyebhetye Nezizinzi

Abalawuli bayakwazi ukuyila izakhiwo eziguqukayo ngenkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa. Imeko-bume elawulwa yidemoriyo apho iinkampani zingavavanya khona iimveliso ezintsha phantsi kwemithetho ekhululekileyo, kwaye zasetyenziswa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 ukuze zifumane ifintech, i-inshorensi, namandla. I-UK Financial Accounting Aguebox inceda ekuqaliseni izicombululo ezintsha emarikeni ngaphandle komthwalo opheleleyo wokuthobela. Ezi ndlela zivumela abalawuli ukuba bafunde xa begcina ukhuseleko lwabathengi.

Ingeniso equlunqweyo njengomsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo

Kunokuba zijonge ukuthotyelwa njengendawo enexabiso, iinkampani zingakuphatha njengomthombo wokhuphiswano nohlaziyo. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa ubugcisa bolawulo (iRegtech) ekunikezeleni ingxelo yezomamkeli zinokukhulula ubuncwane be-R&D. Ezinye iinkampani ziguqule imfuno zokuthobela zizenze imveliso impawu .ezifana nezikhenkcezi ezithi zibe ziimpahla zorhwebo.

Inkxaso yokususa iinguqu

Oorhulumente bangenza amaqumrhu amatsha okanye amaqoqo apho amashishini alinga iingcamango ezintsha ngeli xesha ehambisana nemithetho elandelelanayo. Imizekelo iquka iZiko leMali leSingapore kunye neZiko leEurope le-Innovation kunye noBuxhakaxhaka (EIT). Ezi ziko zinika ukufikelela kwinkxaso-mali, inkxaso-mali, kunye nobuchule bokulawula, ukucutha ukhuhleko lokuthobela isiqalo.

Yiba Nesithethe Sokufuna Ulwalathiso

Phambili kweliso leliso lenkcubeko yeshishini lokucinga kunye nokudibanisa unxibelelwano kumbhobho walo otsha. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwempembelelo yomthetho phambi kokunduluka imveliso entsha kunye nobubhetyebhetye besakhiwo sibe yimodeli yeshishini. Iinkampani ezilindele amanqanam alungele ukuphinda-phindeka kwemithetho .Njengendlela yokulawula okanye imigaqo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ye-AI.

Ikamva Lokubuyiselwa Nokubuyiselwa

Njengoko ubugcisa buqhubeka buguquka ngesantya esikhawulezileyo, igalelo phakathi komgaqo nophuhliso liya kuhlala lingummandla obalulekileyo wokuqwalaselwa. Abenzi bolawulo kufuneka bazabalazele ukwenza izakhiwo ezixhasa uphuhliso lo gama beqinisekisa ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke, okusesikweni, kunye nezenzo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Iiteknoloji Ezidityanisiweyo: I-Al, iBlockchain kunye ne-biotech

Ubugcisa obudibanisayo bunemingeni emitsha kunye namathuba amatsha. Ubuntlola obuyiliweyo (AI) buphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuziphendulela, ucalucalulo, kunye nokubonakala. UmThetho we-Al ye-Al ye-Union unenjongo yokwahlula izicelo ze-Al ngomgangatho womngcipheko, ukumisela iimfuno ezingqongqo kwinkqubo eziphezulu ze-risk. Oku kusingqongileyo kuya kuqhubela phambili uphuhliso olucacileyo kwi-IA echazayo, ukuthelekelela okusesikweni, kunye nezixhobo zoxwebhu zemodeli. Ngokufanayo, i-blokoin-eventine yemali esekelwe kwisiseko esinesidima (Defi) icellcescesssss, ingceageagesssss ezikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa nomthetho omtsha olungele ukuphuhliswa nokukhuselwa ngokuziselwa kokhuseleko.

Ulwazelelelo lwehlabathi kunye nokukhutshwa komthetho

Kumazwe ngamazwe asemhlabeni wonke, amashishini kufuneka ahambe ngendlela eyahlukeneyo ekusingqongeni kolawulo. Oku kuphambuka komthetho kungakhuthaza ukuvela kwezinto njengoko iinkampani zifuna ukuthobela imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ngeli xesha zihlala zikhuphisana. Umzekelo, iifeme zobugcisa bomhlaba jikelele zisoloko zivelisa imveliso ezifikelela eyona milinganiselo ingqongqo (umz., GDPR ukuthobela) zize ziqengqeleke emhlabeni wonke. Noko ke, ukwahlulwa komthetho wokulawula kunganyusa iindleko kunye nokuntsonta. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, njengesiseko seBhanki okanye i-D travement, izinjongo zokuvumelanisa imithetho nokuncithana kwemida yehlabathi.

Ukuziguqula Ngokwakho Ulawulo

Ingcamango yokusungulwa komthetho kufumana ulwamkelo, apho abalawuli ngokwabo bamkela izixhobo ezintsha kunye neendlela. Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa komatshini ukuze kufunyanwe uqhaqho, ukukhutshwa kwebhokisi yeziphumo zobugcisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziphumo zobuchule kunokubekwa kuqala kwemithetho. ECD ibalaselise [[ indlela ubuchule bokwenza umsebenzi wobuchule obutsha obunokuphucula ngayo ukuthobela nokukhuthaza indlela yobuchule yokuyila phakathi kwezixhobo ezilawulwayo.

Isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho kunye nolwakhiwo kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemeko yelizwe leshishini langoku. Ukulungelelaniswa komgaqo-nkqubo kunokuzinzisa izinto, kuxhomekeke kwindlela oziyiliweyo, ukuzalisekisa, kunye nomongo. Ishishini elisebenza ngokuhambelana nezixhobo zokulawula, "ukusebenzisana kungabikho njengomthwalo kodwa njengegalelo elibalulekileyo lokuguqula imingeni."indawo engcono yokuguqula imingeni ibe ngamathuba. Abenzi benkqubo, injongo kufuneka ibe yimithetho yezobugcisa elula, esekelwe kwimimiselo, kubungqina obuququlunqe kwingeniso yemiqathango. Njengoko ubugcisa buqhubeka besenza ingeniso yokhuseleko nobuchule bokufumana iziphumo ezifanelekileyo zemali nezoqoqosho ziya kugqiba ukuba zeyiphi imiqobo esebenzayo kule vidiyo, i-oklorimes exhobileyo kunye ne-droodss.