Into Entsha Ebalulekileyo: Isizathu Sokuba Kubaluleke Ukubhala Ngoku

Kule nkathi yanamhlanje yamanani, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi olungenasiphelo akuseyonto iluncedo, kwaye kuyinto ebangela ukuba abemi balapho babe ngabemi bedemokhrasi. Yonke imihla, bajongwa yimiba ephambili, ii-media zezentlalo-ntle, iividiyo, kunye namanqaku eendaba akhuphisanayo ukuze bafumane ingqalelo kunye nenkolelo. Ubuchule bokwahlula ubungqina obuthembekileyo ekusebenziseni icebo, ukuphikisana nomthombo wesigidimi, nokubandakanyeka kwengxoxo kawonke wonke yokholo lwakha ingowona ngundoqo wokufunda imithombo-ndaba. Njengoko intembekiso yolwazi oluninzi luye lwavela ngokukhawuleza kunangaphambili, ubuchule bolwazi lwezentethelekiso-ndaba obuxhobisayo efundisayo, ukukhusela intetho yesidlanga, kwaye ekugqibeleni iqinisa inkqubo yolawulo-demo-demokhrasi.

Izixhobo zokubhala zinika abantu amandla okuhlolisisa ii-media ngokucokisekileyo, ukuqonda indima yamajelo eendaba ekukhuthazeni uluvo lwabantu, nokusebenzisa imbeko ngenkcazelo abanayo. Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zokukhuphisana, abavoti basenokuphenjelelwa ziingxelo zobuxoki, imigudu yempilo yoluntu isenokuthotywa, kwaye inkcubeko ikhubaze. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa isizathu sokuba ukufunda imithombo-ndaba kubalulekile kwidemokhrasi, indlela inkohliso esebenza ngayo, nendlela iintsomi ezinokuyithatha ngayo imigaqo yabantu, abafundisi, kunye nabantu abahlala kunye neendawo ezihlala abantu ekuhlaleni.

Indaleko Yezinto Eziphathekayo Nokuvela Kolwazi Oluphosakeleyo

Ukusingqongileyo kolwazi kutshintshile ngendlela ephawulekayo. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu eyadlulayo, inkoliso yabantu yafumana iindaba kumhleli abathembekileyo, abasebezi bokusasaza, namaphephandaba. Namhlanje, abagcini-sango baye bathathelwa indawo zii-algorithm, abaphembeleli, kunye neengxelo ezingaziwayo. Oku kunikezelwa kolawulo-phantsi kolwazi kunye nokusasazwa kweenzuzo ezininzi. /ilizwi eligqwethekileyo, ukuhlaziywa kwexesha lokwenene, kwaye ifikelele emhlabeni wonke

Ukungachani kolwazi oluphosakeleyo asiyonto intsha, kodwa isantya sayo, isikali, kunye nobuchule bayo abuzange bubonwe ngaphambili. Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, i-World Health Organization yaqamba ibinzana elithi “infodemic” ukuchaza itsunami yolwazi lobuxoki eyasasazeka ecaleni kwentsholongwane. Ukusuka kwimichiza ekhohlisayo ukuya kwiingcamango zobuqhetseba, ukulahlekelwa kwabantu. Ngokufanayo, imijikelo yonyulo ehlabathini lonke ibone inxibelelene namaphulo okuphelisa ukuphethuka kwe-information, ukuhlwaya amathandabuzo, kunye nokuhlaza abantu. Ukuqonda abakhenkela la maphulo kulelo linyathelo lokuqala ekwakhela intengo zokhuseleko nxamnye nabo.

Iintlobo zolwazi oluphosakeleyo

Ukuqhuba amanzi anqabileyo, abemi kufuneka baqale baqonde ukuba bamelene nalento. Ukusingqongileyo kolwazi kuqulethe iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukileyo zengxaki:

  • [[FLT: 0] I-Diffiformation: ulwazi olububuxoki okanye olulahlekisayo oluyilweyo nolwenziwe luze lwasasazwa ngenjongo yokukhohlisa. Oku kuquka amanqaku eendaba enkohliso, imifanekiso edityanisiweyo, kunye neengcaphulo ezicetyiweyo. I-Diffinfotion isoloko yenziwa ngezixhobo ngabadlali bezopolitiko, oorhulumente bamazwe asemzini, namaqela abonakalisa ulunya.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imistformation: ulwazi lobuxoki okanye olungachananga olusulelwayo ngaphandle kwenjongo embi. Umntu oguqula isilumkiso semo yezulu esiphelelwe lixesha okanye incam yempilo engaqondwanga kakuhle usasaza ulwazi oluphosakeleyo. Nangona lungeyongozi ngabom, lungabangela umonakalo wokwenene ukuba alulungiswanga.
  • [[NTL: 0]] Intsingiselo esekelwe kwinyaniso kodwa ithathwe ngaphandle komongo okanye isetyenziswa ukwenza umonakalo. I-Doxxx, iifilimu ezizolisayo, kunye nevidiyo ezilungiswe ngokukhethayo ziwela kolu didi. Okuqulethweyo akuyonkohliso, kodwa ukunikezelwa kwayo kunye nenjongo yayo kuyingozi.
  • Indaba yeFake: Igama elalisetyenziswa ekuqaleni ukuchaza amabali acetyiweyo enzelwe ukukhangeleka njengeencwadi ezisemthethweni, ngoku elisoloko lijoliswe njengesixhobo sezobupolitika ukuhlab ’ ityala elithembekileyo. Libhekisela ngqo kumabali okwenziwa ngokupheleleyo afana neefomati zendaba.

Uhlobo ngalunye lufuna impendulo eyahlukileyo. I-information ifuna ukukhangela nokuchanabeka kwenyaniso, ngeli lixa i-salformation ingafuna ungenelelo olusemthethweni okanye lomgangatho weqonga. Ukufunda nokubhala kunceda abantu baqonde ezi ntlobo baze basebenzise amathandabuzo afanelekileyo.

Ukufunda Ngezentlalo - mlonyeni Njengokwenza Idemokhrasi

Idemokhrasi isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba abemi banokuzenzela izigqibo ngolwazi ngokuphathelele ulawulo lwabo. Xa amafu angekho mthethweni, yonke inkqubo iyaphela. Ukufunda eendaba akuthethi nje ngokuzikhusela kwinkcazelo embi; kungokugcina ingingqi kawonke wonke apho kunokuthi kubekho ingxoxo.

Ukwazi Ukwenza Isigqibo Kwibhokisi Yebhola

Umvoti okholelwa kwibali eliyintelekelelo elingengxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho lomntu oza kubhaptizwa uphazanyisiwe yinkohliso. Uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba kwanokuchanabeka kancinane kwinkcazelo yezobupolitika zobuxoki kunokuguqula isimo sengqondo kunye neenjongo zokuvota, kwaye ezi ziphumo zingaqhubeka phezu kwako nje ukulungiswa kamva. Ukukhokelwa kwezixhobo zokuhlola iziphumo, ukuxilonga nokuxhathisa iimvakalelo. Kwihlabathi apho iividiyo ezinzulu zinokwenza abantu babonakale bethetha izinto abangazange bazithethe, ukukwazi ukuhlalutya ubuchule bokubuhlolisisa ngokunelela kubaluleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili.

Ngaphezu koko, ukufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba kubangela ukuba abantu bathandabuze: Ngubani owadala esi sigidimi? Ziziphi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukuze nditsale ingqalelo yam? Le mibuzo ayibekwanga phambili.

Ukulwa nokucazululwa kokukhanya nokwahluka-hlukene

I-Misprogion idla ngokusetyenziswa kwaye ibangela ukuba kubekho ulwahlulo olukhoyo. Iimithetho zoluntu zidla ngokunyanzela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ulwaneliseko olugqithisileyo kuba lubangela ukuganana okugqithisileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kungabambisa abantu kwiigumbi apho kufumaneka iimbono zokuxhasa kuphela. I-Media ikhuthaza ukuchanabeka kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuziqhatha okungachananga kotyekelo lomntu. Ikhuthaza umkhwa “wo wokufunda ngokulandelelana kwendlela”."Ivula ama-tab amatsha ukuhlola igama lomthombo phambi kokuwuthemba. [[FLT:]] ubuchule obufundiswa ngokubanziwa yi-Embali Iqela lezemfundo

Abemi abaqeqeshwe kwimfundo yolwazi yezixhobo zekhompyutha abangenwa kukuphenjelelwa lumxholo okhuthaza umsindo kwaye basenokuba nenxaxheba kwingxoxo eyakhayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubalulekile kwibutho labantu abasebenza ngobuninzi.

Ingcamango Ephosakeleyo: Isizathu Sokuba Singoyiki

Ukuze sifunde ukufunda amajelo eendaba, simele siqonde indlela abantu abacinga ngayo nabacinga ngayo, nto leyo ebenza bafumane inkcazelo ephosakeleyo.

Uqinisekiso

Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu bayayithanda inkcazelo engqinelana neenkolelo zabo ezikhoyo. IMistaconmentation evumelana nembono yomntu yehlabathi ivakalelwa iyinyaniso, kwaye ulwaneliseko olubangela ucingela uluvo olukrokrelekayo. Ukubhenela kungomnye wabaqhubi abanamandla abakholelwa kwiingxelo zobuxoki. Uqeqesho lokufunda ukulesa nokubhala kufuneka luncede abantu baqonde olu tyekelo baze bakhe imikhwa yokufuna ubungqina obungabuqiniseki.

Imiphumo Ebangel ’ Utyekelo

Ukusoloko utyhilwa kwintengo yobuxoki kunyusa ubunyaniso bayo, nokuba intengo ixoka. Yiyo loo nto ithetha ukuba isoloko isasazeka ngophindo-phindo kwiqonga elininzi. Inyaniso isoloko izama ukukhangela ukufumana, kwaye ngexesha ubuxoki buye bukhutshelwe, busenokuba sele bubonwe ngamakhulu amawaka amaxesha. Ukufundwa kwezosasazo kufundisa abantu ukunqumama ngaphambi kokuba bahlulelene nokuqinisekisa kuqala.

Izibheno Ezingokweemvakalelo

Ukwaziswa okuphosakeleyo kudla ngokubangela iimvakalelo ezomeleleyo − uloyiko, umsindo, ukucaphuka, ngenxa yokuba ezi mvakalelo zicinezela ukucinga okugxekayo kwaye zikhuthaza ukwabelana ngokukhawuleza. Umxholo okwenza ube nomsindo udla ngokunqanyulwa kwaye wabelwene kunaleyo ilungeleleneyo. Ukuqonda ukuxhatshazwa kweemvakalelo bubuchule obungundoqo bokwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Ukubuza: “Ngaba olu lwazi lufuna ukuba ndisebenzise iimvakalelo kunokuba ndicinge?” lungaphazamisa imvakalelo yokusasaza inkcazelo engachananga.

Iindlela Zokuphucula Ukufunda Izinto

Ukufunda izinto zeendaba asiyongcamango nje ethethwayo; luludwe lobuchule obusebenzisekayo obunokusetyenziswa yonke imihla. Ngasezantsi kukho iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina ezinokusetyenziswa ngabantu ukuze bakhe izihlunu zabo zokufunda nokubhala.

Mqonde OnguMthombo Nombhali

Phambi kokuthemba iceba lolwazi, khangela imvelaphi. Ingaba yintlangano esemthethweni yendaba enemigangatho yomhleli? Ingaba umbhali uyingcali esemthethweni eneesiqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo? Ukukhangela okukhawulezayo kungabonisa ukuba ukuphuma kwembali yoshicilelo luzilungiso okanye kufunyaniswe ukuba icebo lokuguqula imbonakalo. Izixhobo ezifana Imedia Bias/Fact Khangela kunye [FLT:]NewssActifitss amanxuwa angamawaka eendawo zeendaba.

Inkcazelo enqamlezayo yeCheck Isebenzisa “Ufundo lwexesha Elidlulileyo” Indlela

Inyaniso inqabile ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kwinxuwa ngokwayo. Endaweni yoko, bavula oo-tab abaninzi ukubona oko kuthethwa ngabanye oovimba abathembekileyo malunga nento enye. Lo msebenzi, obizwa ngokuba kukufunda kwasemva, uphumelela kakhulu kukufunda okuthe nkqo (ukuhlala kwiphepha elinye kwaye uzame ukuyivavanya ngokuzikhetha). Ukuqhelisa: xa udibana nebali elimangalisayo okanye elidibeneyo, vula i tab entsha uze uphengulule isihloko esinamagama athethsithanga ncam kunye nenxulumaniswe nenxulumani elikhoyo njenge [FLT: 0] Snopets, [FLT: FLT] [FF:]ctD[FF]]

Ukuqonda Ibhiya Neentlobo Zayo Ezininzi

Zonke imithombo yendaba inekhethe elithile .Enoba yeyezobupolitika, yenkcubeko, okanye yezentengiso. Injongo yokufunda ulwazi asikokuphelisa ikhethe (enokwenzeka) kodwa kukulibona nokulilinganisa ngokufanelekileyo. Funda ukuchonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zocalulo: ucalulo ngokushiya (ukugcina iinyaniso ezixhasa icala elinye), ucalucalulo ngokufaka igama (ukusebenzisa amagama athwele njenge “radical” vs. “ukungalinganiyo”, kunye nokucalula ngokubeka (ngokubalaseleyo ukuba negalelo). Ukungalinganiswa kwemiba okuqukwa kwemiba yoondaba okuquka ukuphuma ngaphaya kwemiqondo yezobupolitika kunceda ukuveza isalathi yomnye.

Yiba Neembono Ezingafaniyo Ngentlonelo

Phengulula iimbono ezahlukileyo kwezakho, ingakumbi kwimithombo ongavumelaniyo nayo. Oku akuthethi ukwamkela amarhamente obuxoki, kodwa kuthetha ukuqonda iimpikiswano kunye nobungqina obuxhasa ezinye iindawo. Ukuphumelela kolwazi lwezobugcisa kwindawo apho abantu banokuxoxa ngeengxaki ngaphandle kokuhlasela kobuqu. Ukuphulaphula ezo singavumelaniyo nokuthobeka kwengqondo kwaye kunciphisa amandla amagumbi eentlokoma.

Misa ngaphambi kokwabelana

Icebo elilula nelisebenzayo: phambi kokuba udibane nasiphina isiqwenga sento equlethweyo, thatha imizuzwana elishumi ukubuza: Ngaba ndiyayazi lento iyinyaniso? Ndiyiqinisekise ukuba ingaba iyasebenza? Ingaba ingalahlekisa? Intebendwane isasazeka nje kuba abantu benenxaxheba kubushushu bexesha. Ukucotha imvakalelo yolwamkelo lunganciphisa kakhulu ukusasazeka kwento engeyonyani.

Indima Yemfundo Ekufundeni Ukufunda Nokubhala

Izikolo zezona zithembisayo ukwakha ulwazi olusasazekileyo lonxibelelwano. Amazwe afana neFinland aye adibanisa ukufunda nokubhala eendaba kwizifundo zawo zesizwe ukususela ebudaleni, nto leyo ephumela ekubeni abemi abachaphazelekayo ehlabathini. Ezinye iintlanga ziyafumana ulwazi kodwa umsebenzi uninzi.

Ukufudusa ulwazi lwangaphandle kwemixholo

Imfundo yolwazi-ndaba ayifanele ibe yisifundo esizimeleyo; kufuneka ifakwe kwimbali, kwimimandla yoluntu, kubugcisa bolwimi, kwanakwiiklasi zenzululwazi. Kwimbali, abafundi bayakwazi ukuhlalutya iingcamango ezisasazwayo ezivela kwixesha elahlukeneyo. Kwinzululwazi, bayakwazi ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kweezifundo zempilo kunye neengxelo zemvelaphi. Kwimimandla yentlalo-ntle, bayakwazi ukuhlolisisa indlela impembelelo yonyulo kunye nenkqubo. Xa abafundi befundiswa njengobuchule bokukhuthaza ukuphembelela, abafundi bakujonga oko njengokuyimfuneko kwimimandla yonke yobomi.

Imisebenzi yezandla kunye noqheliselo olumandundu

Iintetho ezidluliswayo azisebenzi; abafundi bafunda kakuhle ngokwenza. Abafundi- ntsapho bangayila imisebenzi apho abafundi beyila khona amanqaku abo eendaba baze bahlolisise umsebenzi wabafundi abafunda nabo ukuze bafumane ucalulo kunye nokuchana. Bangahlola iiprojekthi zokwenene zezentlalo-ntle yonxibelelwano kwaye bachaze ubuchule bobuxhakaxhaka. Iinkqubo ezifana neprojekthi ye- yeMicrosoliging inika ubuncwane bezifundo kunye nemidlalo edityaniweyo efana ne- “Ceclogist" eyenza ukufunda kube nemisebenzi esebenzayo.

Ubugcisa Obusemgangathweni Kubafundisi

Abafundisi- ntsapho abaninzi abaqeqeshelwanga ukufunda nokubhala kwijelo leendaba. Izikolo nezithili kufuneka zifake ingeniso kwinkqubela yezobugcisa exhobisa abafundisi ngeengcamango kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo zokufundisa obu buchule. Iinkampani zomsebenzi, izifundo ze-intanethi kunye nezikolo zoondaba zinokuba luncedo ekwakheni ubuchule.

Indima yeenkampani zobuxhakaxhaka kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo

Imigudu yemfundo neyomntu ngamnye ayinakucombulula ingxaki engekho mthethweni. Izihlomelo zesakhiwo seqonga loluntu lwezentlalo-ntle//imithetho-siseko esekelwe kwimithetho-siseko, incinane ebekwe phambili, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwento ejoliswe kuyo,----atting methom ukungqonge inkohliso. Iinkampani zobugcisa zinika ingxanduva yempilo yemekobume yolwazi.

I-Platform eNika iNgxelo kunye noTshintsho loMyili

Iminyaka yakutshanje ibone amanyathelo ahambela phambili: amaqonga afana no-Twitter (ngoku X) kunye no Facebook achaza iilebhile zolwazi olulahlekisayo, abekwe kwindawo eziphawulwe ngabakhangeli bento, kwaye asuswe kwimida yenkcazelo edityanisiweyo. Noko ke, le migudu isoloko itshintsha kwaye yenza ulungiso. Abaxhasi be Media bacela amanyathelo aqhubekekayo: uku bomvu i-algorithm ukubeka phambili imithombo enegunya, ukwenza iilebhile ezibonisa izilumkiso ezibonaka ngakumbi, nokunika abasebenzisi abanikezeli abanikezeli abalula kumo kunye nolungiso.

Iindlela zokufikelela zomthetho

Oorhulumente abaliqela bayawuhlola umthetho wokuthetha imbali. I-European Union’s Digital Services Act ifuna amaqonga amakhulu okuhlola iingozi ezikhoyo kwinkqubo, kuquka ukwandiswa kokuqulunqwa okungekho mthethweni kunye nokurhoxiswa kwenkcazelo, kunye nokuzalisekisa amanyathelo okulinganisela. Isenzo sikwayalela ukuba kubekho ukubonakala kakuhle kwizibhengezo kunye nemithetho-algorithm. EUnited States, iingxoxo ziyaqhubeka ngaphezu kweCandelo lama- 230 loMthetho wokuXhoba, okhusela amaqonga ekubekeleni ityala komsebenzisi. Naluphi utshintsho kufuneka lulungele inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nemfuneko yokuphelisa iingcamango eziyingozi. Imfundo yemfundo yokufundisa iMediand ixhasa imigudu enjalo yomthetho ngokwakha imigaqo yokwaluvo oluyingozi.

Inyathelo Loluntu Nezihlunu Zomnyaka

Ngaphandle kwezikolo nomthetho, abantu basekuhlaleni banendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukufundwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha. Abantu bathemba abo basebenza kwithala leencwadi, iinkokeli zoluntu nabamelwane babo.

Iinkampani Zomsebenzi Neesethi zikawonke-wonke

Amathala eencwadi, amaziko kawonke-wonke, kunye namaziko onqulo angangenisa ushishino olukhululekileyo ekufumaneni ulwazi oluphosakeleyo. Iintlanganiso zingagubungela indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhangela inyani, indlela yokuqaphela imifanekiso esetyenzisiweyo, nendlela yokuba nencoko namalungu entsapho abelana ngolwazi oluphosakeleyo. IZiko leencwadi laseMerika linika i-Media CDalism kwithala leencwadi[ inyathelo lokuqala lokulungiselela iinkqubo ezenziweyo.

Umanyano nemibutho yeendaba yasekuhlaleni

Amaphephandaba nonomathotholo basekuhlaleni bangaqhuba amacandelo okufunda akwindawo yogcino-lwazi veki nganye, bachaze ubuchule obuthile okanye balahle amarhe adumileyo asekuhlaleni. Amanye amajelo eendaba abangele “amaqela athembanayo” achaza inkqubo yawo yokubika kunye nokucela imibuzo kuluntu ngokubanzi. Xa undaba-ndaba lucace gca ngendlela esebenza ngayo, lukhulisa ukuthembana nemizekelo emihle.

Iphulo lokusebenza kunxibelelwano kunye nemfundo yoontanga ukuya ku-Provier

I-media yezentlalo ingasetyenziswa njengenzuzo. Izakhono ze- “# Shiya Isabelo” zikhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba banqumame phambi kokukhulula. Inyaniso isoloko ihlola iimpahla ezinokuhlulwa lula. Imfundo yoontanga ukuya kutsho kulutsha isebenza kakhulu; iinkqubo eziqeqesha abafundi ukuba babe “zizigidi ezifumana inkxaso” ezifundisa oontanga babo ziya zithandwa.

Isiphelo: Imbopheleleko Ekwabelana Ngayo Ngekamva Elimiselweyo

Ukufunda eendaba asiyonto iphambili okanye engongezelelo olungokwasemthethweni kubemi. Bubuchule obusisiseko bokuqhuba ubomi bale mihla nokukhusela idemokhrasi. Umlinganiselo wocelomngeni olungekho mthethweni ungaziva umkhulu, kodwa isicombululo sixhomekeke kudityaniso lokuphaphama, imfundo eyomeleleyo, ukuphendula kwiqonga, kunye nezenzo zoluntu.

Ngamnye wethu unendima amele ayifeze. Njengabathengi benkcazelo, sinokuqhelisela ukufunda inxalenye yomva, singabazi ukuba sijongene neembono ezigqwethekileyo, size sibelane kuphela ngoko sikuqinisekisileyo. Njengabemi, sinokuxhasa imigaqo ekhuthaza imbopheleleko yokubona ngaphaya kwecala neqonga. Njengabafundisi-mfundo, abazali, neenkokeli zebutho labantu, sinokufaka imali kubuchule besizukulwana esilandelayo bokucinga ngokunzulu ngamajelo eendaba abadibana nawo.

Idemokhrasi iyachuma xa abathathi-nxaxheba bayo bexelelwa, bethandabuza iindlela ezifanelekileyo, kwaye bezinikele kwinyaniso njengexabiso elabelweneyo. Ngokuqalisa ukufunda izinto zokusasaza ulwazi, asilwakhi nje kuphela abenzi besigqibo abangcono kodwa sisakha ibutho labantu abanomonde nongaguquguqukiyo. Ixesha lokuthabatha amanyathelo lingoku; izixhobo zisezandleni zethu. Masizisebenzise ngobulumko.