Iirhafu zengingqi zinguthunywa ozingisileyo kodwa osoloko utyeshelwa kwimali-mali yezobuqu neyezoshishino. Ngoxa urhulumente norhulumente befumana irhafu yempatho yengonyama, irhafu ehlawulwa yisixeko sakho, isithili, isithili sesikolo, kunye namagunya akhethekileyo arhafisayo angalungisa ngokuthe ngqo imali yakho, ukhetho lwezindlu zakho, kwanomsebenzi wakho wempangelo. Ukuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi rhafu, kutheni zihluka ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kwimithetho yeZip ukuya kwelandelayo, kwaye oko unokwenza ukunciphisa impembelelo yazo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukugcina imali yabo enzima.

Yintoni Ebalulekileyo Kwirhafu Yasekuhlaleni?

Iirhafu zengingqi zihlawulwa ngoomasipala, izixa-mali, amalokishi, izikolo, neminye imibutho yorhulumente engaphantsi kwephondo. Ngokungafaniyo nerhafu karhulumente okanye yephondo, exhasa iinkqubo ezibanzi ezinjengokhuselo lwesizwe okanye umendo waseNtshona Koloni, irhafu yasekuhlaleni ehlawulwa ngeenkonzo ozisebenzisayo yonke imihla: izikolo zikarhulumente, amapolisa nomlilo, ugcino-ndlela, iipakethe, amathala eencwadi, unyango lokwagutyulo-melwa kwemidabini, kunye nonyango lwamanzi. Ngenxa yoko kuxhaswa kwamaziko oku kuxhaswa kwerhafuno kungahluka kakhulu kwanenoxanduva kwanoxa kusetyenziswa irhafu yasekuhlaleni.

Ukubaluleka kwerhafu yasekuhlaleni kwimali yakho yemali akunakuphinda kuchazwe. Ukudityaniswa, impahla yasekuhlaleni, ukuthengiswa, kunye nerhafu yengeniso zingalingana namawaka eerandi ngonyaka kwindlu eqhelekileyo. Kwimiba yerhafu ephezulu, uxanduva lwerhafu yasekuhlaleni lungaphezulu kwe-12% yengeniso yendlu, ngoxa kummandla ongahlawulwayo lungangaphantsi kwe-3%. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala kusisigqibo semali njengoko kunjalo ngobomi bomntu.

Iintlobo Ezikhulu Zerhafu Zasekuhlaleni

Ukuqonda uhlobo ngalunye lwerhafu kukunceda ucinge ukuba uza kuyifumana nayiphi na irhafu.

Irhafu Yempahla

Irhafu yempahla yeyona ibalulekileyo kumnini-khaya. Irhafu ebhalelwe kwilizwe nezakhiwo, isekelwe kwixabiso lemali yepropati. Ngokuyintloko ingeniso yezikolo zikarhulumente, kodwa ixhasa izibonelelo, iinkonzo zongxamiseko, kunye nemisebenzi karhulumente wasekuhlaleni.

Umlinganiselo uchazwa njenge-ewich (umlinganiselo wexabiso le-R1 000 elithelekelelwayo). Umzekelo, i-evy yezigidi ezingama-20 ithetha i-R220 kwirhafu nganye yexabiso elinokuhlawulwa. Izinga le-ascess lahluka ngokwemeko: ezinye zivavanya ixabiso lentengiso, ezinye ngepesenti. Kwimimandla emininzi, abanini-khaya bangacela ukuhlawulwa kwekhaya okunciphisa ixabiso lerhafu yendlu engundoqo.

izicwangciso ezingundoqo: Rhoqo uhlolo lweprojekthi yakho lwempazamo. Ukuba ukholelwa kwixabiso lemali yendlu yakho elingaphaya kwexabiso lentengiso, ungafaka isibheno. Imimandla emininzi inenkqubo esesikweni yoku. Ukongeza, amazwe amaninzi anika abanini-ndlu iinkqubo zoncedo lwerhafu.

Funda okungakumbi ngendlela iirhafu zempahla ezisebenza ngayo kwiZiko leBhaso-mthetho.

Irhafu

Iirhafu zerhafu zisetyenziswa ekuthengeni iimpahla, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, iinkonzo. Iirhafu zorhwebo zoluntu zongezelelwe phezu kwesantya sombuso, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinani elidityanisiweyo elinokugqitha kwishumi lepesenti kwizixeko ezifana neChicago, iMemphis, okanye iSeattle. Isabelo sasekuhlaleni singahlawulwa ngamabala, izixeko, kunye nemimandla ekhethekileyo enjengeziphathi-mikhosi okanye iibhodi zokhenketho.

Ngenxa yokuba irhafu yerhafu iphinde yabuyiselwa ngezantsi, iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi zichitha ipesenti ephezulu yengeniso yazo kwiimpahla ezihlawulwayo, zingabachaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto abo banoqingqo-mali oluqilima. Noko ke, imfuno ezininzi njengentengiso kunye neziyobisi ezigunyazisiweyo ziyathintelwa, nangona oku kuthelekiswa nendawo.

[[NTL:0] Intelekelelo ukucutha iziphumo: Ivenkile kumazwe akufuphi nelizwe elinexabiso eliphantsi ukuba kuluncedo. Sebenzisa uncedo lweempelaveki ezingenarhafu kwizinto zesikolo okanye izixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla. Kwizinto ezinkulu zokuthenga, qwalasela ixesha lokuthenga kwakho xa uza kuhamba kwindawo yerhafu esezantsi.

[[FLT: 0] Jonga urhulumente odityanisiweyo wakutshanje kunye nomgangatho werhafu yasekuhlaleni kwiTyefu yeTyefu.

Irhafu yemali ehlawulwayo

Nangona inkoliso yamaphondo imisela irhafu yengeniso, ezinye izixeko kunye nezikhululo zerhafu yazo zengeniso kubemi balapho/ kwaye maxa wambi kwimibutho engeyoyakomkhulu esebenza phantsi kwegunya. Imizekelo engenakuphawulwa iquka iNew York City, iPhiladelphia, iDetroit, kunye noomasipala abaninzi eOhio, ePennsylvania, naseKentucky. Le rhafu idla ngokuba yimali eninzi ehlawulwayo nentlawulo, nangona imimandla embalwa isebenzisa imigangatho eqhubekekayo.

Ukuba uhlala kwisixeko esinerhafu yengeniso kodwa usebenza ngaphandle, usenokuba ufanele uhlawule irhafu kwisixeko ohlala kuso. Kwezinye iindawo unika ityala lerhafu ehlawulwa kwesinye isixeko ukuze uthintele irhafu ephindwe kabini.

Amanyathelo e-Action: Jonga ukuba isixeko sakho okanye ingingqi yakho inerhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni. Ukuba u-telecommete, qonda indlela indawo yomqeshi wakho nedilesi yakho yasekhaya echaphazela ngayo ukubopha. Ingcali yerhafu ingakunceda ukuba usebenzise izivumelwano zobundlobongela phakathi kwamagunya.

Isikhokelo se-IRS kwirhafu yengeniso yobulali.

Irhafu yeshishini neyomsebenzi

Kubathengisi nakumnini-shishini omncinane, irhafu yasekuhlaleni ingaphezulu lee lee-propati nengeniso. Iidolophu kunye neendawo ezibalwayo zidla ngokunyanzelisa iimali zemali yemali yeshishini, iirhafu ezincinane, iirhafu zemali ezinikwe ilungelo lomsebenzi. Ezinye iirhafu zemali zeshishini, izixhobo okanye kwanerekhodi yabasebenzi.

Le rhafu inokuba nzima kwaye yahluke kakhulu. Kwihlomela-dolophu elinye lingahlawula umrhumo welayisensi othe tyaba ngonyaka, ngoxa ishishini elifanayo kwisixeko sinokuba nemali eninzi kakhulu. Ukungathobeli kusenokuphumela kwisohlwayo, ukurhoxiswa kwephepha-mvume, okanye irhafu yangasemva kunye nenzala.

Iirhafu zoshishino ezinika irhafu: Iimfuno zophando zasekuhlaleni phambi kokuvula indawo yeshishini. Gcina iingxelo zocoselelo lwemali egqithisiweyo kunye neenkcukacha zabasebenzi. Cinga ukusebenzisa inkonzo yerhafu okanye i-CPA yasekuhlaleni ethengisa irhafu yengingingi yommandla wakho.

Irhafu yokungahlawulwa

Iirhafu zerhafu zexabiso lokungabi namali zizinto ezisetyenziswayo ezinje ngombane, igesi yendalo, amanzi, umgubo omdaka, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nezokunxibelelana ngekhompyutha. Zisoloko zifihla imali yakho yemali ebhankini, ziyenza kube lula ukuyibetha ngoyaba. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa le rhafu ukuxhasa imisebenzi jikelele, ukuxhasa izinto, okanye iinkqubo ezithile ezifana namanyathelo asebenzayo asebenza kakuhle.

Isantya singaba ngumrhumo osicaba ngenyanga, ipesenti yemali yemali, okanye ipesenti yethala lemali esekelwe kusetyenziso. Umzekelo, isixeko singadibanisa irhafu yezemali yombane eyi 5% kwimali yombane. Idityaniswe nemali yorhulumente neyokusebenza, ezi-franchise zinganyusa ixabiso lemali yakho lezemali eluncedo lilonke nge-10% okanye ngaphezulu.

[[NTL: 0] Ukunciphisa uthengiso ukuthoba impembelelo: ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wemali esisiseko ebekwe phantsi kwirhafu. Ukuba uneshishini elisekelwe ekhaya, ungakwazi ukukhulula inxalenye yexabiso lezemali zoncedo njengendleko yeshishini, enokunciphisa umthwalo werhafu kumgangatho wezwe. Ezinye iindawo zinika ukukhulula okanye ukucutha kwexabiso lezindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi.

Impembelelo Yokwenene Yerhafu Yasekuhlaleni Kwimali Yakho

Ngaphandle kwemiqathango ecacileyo engokuhlawula irhafu, irhafu yasekuhlaleni ichaphazela ubomi bakho bemali ngeendlela eziliqela ezichuliweyo kodwa ezinamandla.

Ingeniso Engenaxabiso Nemali Enamandla

Idola ngalinye eliya kwirhafu yasekuhlaleni li-dola ongenakukwazi ukuyilondoloza, ukuyigcina, okanye ukuyichitha kwizinto ezisemthethweni. Kwimithetho ephezulu yerhafu, isiphumo sonyuselo singaba sikhulu. Ingeniso yendlu ehlawulwayo i-$80 000% edityanisiweyo yerhafu ilahlekelwa zii-R3,000 ngonyaka (ii-R3,000) ukuxhasa ikhefu, i-car, okanye unyaka wogcino lwemali yasekholeji. Oku kuncitshiswa kwemali ehlawulwayo kungathintela ukhetho lwendlela yokuphila nokulibazisa usukelo lwemali engundoqo njengomninindlu okanye umhlala-khaya.

Iindleko Zokuhlala Nezindlu Ezinexabiso Eliphezulu

Iirhafu zasekuhlaleni zinegalelo ngqo kwixabiso lokuphila. Iirhafu eziphezulu zempahla zinyusa irhafu yenyanga nganye kubanini-ndlu yaye zidluliselwa kubaqeshi berhafu bendlela ephezulu. Ngokufanayo, irhafu ephezulu yezorhwebo yenza ukuthengwa kwemihla ngemihla kube nexabiso eliphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zokuhlala, kubalulekile ukukhangela ngaphaya kwexabiso elithengwa kwemali yendlu netyala lerhafu yonyaka kunye nomlinganiselo werhafu yerhafu yasekuhlaleni kwimpahla neenkonzo ozithengela imali nenkokheshi.

Ikhaya elinexabiso eliphantsi lokuthenga kodwa elinerhafu ephezulu yempahla lingabiza imali eninzi ngokuhamba kwexesha kunekhaya elibiza imali eninzi kummandla ophantsi werhafu. Izixhobo zokubala ikhompyutha zinokukunceda ukuba uthenge iindleko zezindlu ezipheleleyo kuquka iirhafu, i-inshorensi kunye nokulungisa.

Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali nocwangciso lwemali

Iirhafu zasekuhlaleni azimi ndawonye. Ziyatshintsha njengoko oorhulumente bengingqi belungisa ixabiso, amaxabiso empahla, okanye besebenzisa iintlawulo ezintsha. Ukwanda okukhawulezileyo kunokuvuthuza umngxuma kuqingqo-mali lwakho olucwangciswe kakuhle ngenyanga. Kubantu abathatha umhlala-phantsi kwingeniso emiselweyo, ukunyuka kwerhafu yempahla kusenokuba luxanduva olunzulu lwemali. Ukulungiselela ukwanda kwerhafu ngokwakha ukhuseleko kuqingqo-mali lwakho okanye ukuhlola iinkqubo zerhafuthelo (okufumaneka kwamanye amazwe kubantu abadala) kungazisa uxolo lwengqondo.

Ukuveliswa Kwemali Nezigqibo Zokufuduswa

Irhafu yerhafu yasekuhlaleni ingaphembelela apho abantu bakhetha ukuhlala khona, ukusebenza, nokutyala. Iirhafu zempahla eziphezulu zingakudimaza ukutyala ifashoni yefama kwimimandla ethile, ngoxa iirhafu eziphantsi zinokutsala amashishini kunye nabemi. Kubanikazi, ukuqonda imozulu yerhafu yasekuhlaleni kubalulekile xa kuqwalaselwa imbuyekezo yokuqesha okanye imicimbi yezorhwebo. Ngokufanayo, abasebenzi abakude banobuyiselo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto lokukhetha imigaqo ephantsi yerhafu-mali--nentrafu-mali--mali--a utyekelo oluphazamisa uqoqosho olubiso lwezoqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukuba ucinga ngokufudusa, thelekisa kungekuphela nje iirhafu zengeniso nezorhwebo kodwa kwanerhafu yempahla, irhafu yezemali, kunye naziphi na iingxelo ezikhethekileyo. I-Treaxis Foundation's yeSizwe seStates Business Treaxies Index [[[FLT: 1] iquka ugcino-lwazi lwerhafu kumazwe amaninzi kwaye ingasebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokuthelekisa.

Indlela Yokuqokelela Irhafu Yasekuhlaleni Njengomsebenzi

Ukuhlawula iirhafu zasekuhlaleni kufuna umgudu othe rhoqo, kodwa ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu eliphantsi nokungabonwa kakuhle oku, kufanelekile.

Hlala usazi malunga neenguqu zesantya

Imilinganiselo yerhafu yengingqi yesixeko imiselwa ngamabhunga esixeko, iikomishini yephondo, namaqumrhu esikolo. Ukuchongwa nokuvota kwabantu ngerhafu entsha okanye umyinge womlinganiselo kudla ngokubhengezwa kwangaphambili. Zibophelele kumaphetshana karhulumente asekuhlaleni, landela iziteshi zezentlalo-ntle yesixeko sakho, okanye jonga i-webhsayithi kamasipala. Ukwazi ukuba umgama ozayo usiza ngeenyanga ezintandathu kukunika ixesha lokulungisa uqingqo-mali okanye uphando lwendlela.

Khangelani Kugqirha Werhafu

Umbali-mali onconyelweyo okanye ummeli obhalisiweyo ongoonolwazi kwilizwe lakho nendawo ohlala kuyo angakunika icebiso elilungiselelweyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uneshishini, unemisebenzi yokuqesha, okanye uhamba phakathi kwemithetho. Ingcaphephe inokukunceda uchaze iincopho ongaziphosayo. Ngokufana nezithelekisa iirhafu zerhafu zemali kubuyelo lwemali yakho (ngokulawulwa kwe-$10 000 SALT cap) kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba uyavumelana nazo zonke iimfuno zemali zengingingi.

Ukwandisa Izixhobo, Amatyala, Nentengo

Iinkqubo ezininzi zikho ukucutha iirhafu zasekuhlaleni. Imizekelo eqhele ukusetyenziswa iquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] ukukhululeka kwasekhaya okunciphisa ixabiso elinokuhlawulwa kwizindlu eziphambili.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ummi osisiphene okanye umlwelwe uwenza ube qhwa oya unyuka kumntu ofanelekayo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] ikhulula kumagqala akhubazekileyo okanye amaqabane aphilayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ityala elinamandla elilinganayo lokufaka iipali zelanga okanye izixhobo ezisebenza kakhulu, maxa wambi ezinikelwa ngamachaphaza akhoyo okanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Irhafu ehlawulwayo ukwenzela izinto ezithile (umz., izixhobo zokwenza, izinto zokulima).

Uninzi lwazo alubhengezwa ngokubanzi, ngoko kusenokufuneka uqhagamshelane neofisi yomhloli werhafu okanye umbutho wokuphucula irhafu ukuze ufunde oko kukhoyo.

Isicwangciso sezibheno zerhafu yempahla neShedyuli yokuNika iNgxelo

Ukuba unekhaya, qonda umjikelo wohlolo lwempahla kwindawo yakho. Uhlolo ludla ngokwenzeka minyaka yonke okanye yonke iminyaka embalwa. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uvavanyo lwakho luphezulu kakhulu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yentengiso esezantsi okanye iimpazamo kwirekhodi yempahla . "Uqokelela ugcino-lwazi lwentengiso olufanayo kwaye ufakela ifayile yesicelo esisemthethweni. Le nkqubo iqhele ukuba iphantsi kakhulu kwaye izakusindisa amakhulu eerandi kwiminyaka ezayo.

Kwakhona, qwalasela iinketho zakho. Ezinye iindawo zivumela ikota okanye intlawulo yanyanga nganye endaweni yentlawulo enye yonyaka, enokunciphisa ukuphuma kwemali. Ukuba unengxaki yokuhlawula, buza ngeendleko zobunzima okanye izicwangciso zequmrhu.

Isiseko serhafu yasekuhlaleni kwizigqibo eziphambili zobomi

Xa uthenga ikhaya, uqala ishishini, okanye ukwamkela umsebenzi kwisixeko esitsha, quka uhlalutyo lwerhafu yengingqi kwinkqubo yakho yokwenza izigqibo. Sebenzisa i-intanethi yexabiso lekhaltyulethi eliquka i-data yerhafu. Kubathengisi, cela amatyala erhafu atsha nje omthengisi uze ubuze naziphi na iinkcitho eziza kuvela (umz., kwizikolo ezintsha okanye inkqubela phambili kweendlela). Umsebenzi unika, thelekisa ii-nethilo-mnatha emva kokuhlawula irhafu yerhafu kunye nemali ehlawulwa yirhafu yerhafu yasekuhlaleni (enokuthi ichatshazwe yiminxele yerhafu yerhafu okanye irhafu ye-pa).

Ukuthelekisa Irhafu Yasekuhlaleni Ngaphaya Kwemigwebo

Ukubeka irhafu yasekuhlaleni ngokwembono elungeleleneyo, kuyanceda ukubona indlela abaqokelela ngayo ngokwesizwe. Ngokwe-data yakutshanje evela kwiTreats Foundation, umlinganiselo womlinganiselo wesizwe kunye noworhwebo lwasekuhlaleni eUnited States umalunga ne-8,5%, kodwa amanani asuka ngaphaya kwe 4% kwiindawo zeHawaii ukuya ngaphezu kwe-10% kwizixeko ezikhulu. Umlinganiselo werhafu uthelekelelwa kakhulu: umlinganiselo (umlinganiselo opheleleyo wexabiso lasekhaya) ukusuka ku-0.3% eHawaii ukuya kungaphezulu kwe-2% kwiNew Jersey naseIllinois.

Iirhafu zomvuzo wasekuhlaleni, nangona zingeyonto iqhelekileyo, zingadibanisa i-1% ukuya kwi-4% okanye ngaphezulu kwirhafu yengeniso karhulumente. Kwizixeko ezifana nePhiladelphia, irhafu yexabiso iphantse ibe yi-4% kubemi. Kumvuzo ophezulu, oko kunokuthiwa amawaka eerandi ngonyaka.

Xa uthelekisa imimandla, musa ukujonga kuhlobo olunye lwerhafu. Ummandla werhafu yempahla ephantsi usenokuba nerhafu ephezulu kunye nerhafu ehlawulwayo, kwaye umele ukuba unjalo. Imali yonke enempumelelo yerhafu (imali yonke yerhafu yasekuhlaleni njengesabelo sengeniso-----intengiso enentsingiselo. Ii-website eziliqela zinika umlinganiselo wemiqathango yerhafu.

Isiphelo: Lawula Imeko Yakho Yerhafu Yasekuhlaleni

Iirhafu zasekuhlaleni ziyinxalenye esisigxina yemeko yemali, kodwa akufuneki ukuba zibe ngumthombo wexhala okanye iindleko ezingeyomfuneko. Ngokuqonda iintlobo zerhafu ojamelana nayo, utshintsho olukhoyo, ukusebenzisa iintengiso kunye nezincopho, nokufuna ukhokelo olungoogcisayo xa kuyimfuneko, ungayinciphisa umthwalo wakho uze wenze izigqibo zemali ezingcono. Enoba ungumnini-ndlu, umqeshi, umnini-shishini, okanye umqeshwa oqeshi werhafu, umgangatho omncinane wokuzingela irhafutheyiwe yakho usebenza ngendlela elungele ukukhusela isikhwa-mali sakho.

Khumbula ukuba izenzo ezincinci , ukuthatha uhlolo, ukuthenga ngapha kwengingqi yengingqi, okanye ukucela iprojekthi ekhutshiweyo ekhululekileyo, okanye i-accending ekwimali eshicilelweyo. Hlala ufundile, hlala uxakekile, kwaye uza kuhamba ngethemba kwirhafu yasekuhlaleni.