Ukuqonda Irhafu Yasekuhlaleni: Ukhokelo Olubalulekileyo Kumatyala Karhulumente

Iirhafu zasekuhlaleni zimela inxalenye ebalulekileyo yerhafu yakho yonke, kodwa zisoloko zingena ingqalelo incinane kunerhafu karhulumente okanye karhulumente. Enoba unekhaya, uqhuba ishishini, okanye uthenga nje iirhafu zokuthenga, irhafu yasekuhlaleni ichaphazela phantse zonke iintengiso zemali kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Amanani azo, imithetho, kunye nokungahlawuleli kwazo kuyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwindawo ohlala kuyo, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko ukuqonda irhafu ethile yendawo ohlala kuyo. Le sikhokelo sibangela ukunyukela ngokunzulu kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zerhafu, sichaza indlela esebenza ngayo, kwaye sinikela amaqhinga asebenzayo okuyilawula ngokunelisayo.

Iyintoni Irhafu Yasekuhlaleni?

Iirhafu zeendawo ezimiselwe yimiba, izixeko, iidolophu, izikolo, nezinye iinkampani zikamasipala ukuze kuveliswe ingeniso yeenkonzo zikarhulumente. Ngokungafaniyo neerhafu zikarhulumente nezephondo, irhafu yasekuhlaleni ifumaneka kakhulu kwaye ibonelelwa ngqo njengesebe lamapolisa nelamatshisi, izikolo zikawonke-wonke, ukulungiswa kweendlela, ipaki, kunye neethala leencwadi. Ukuxutywa kwerhafu kuxhomekeke kwigunya layo elisemthethweni, kwiimeko zezoqoqosho, kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabantu abahlala kulo.

Ekubeni oorhulumente belincinane igunya lokuboleka imali, baxhomekeke kakhulu kwingeniso yerhafu ukuze banikele iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo.

Iintlobo Eziqhelekileyo Zerhafu

Nangona iindidi zerhafu zingafani, ezi zilandelayo zezona rhafu zixhaphakileyo ekuhlangatyezwana ngazo abantu namashishini.

Irhafu Yempahla

Iirhafu zempahla zezona zikhulu kumthombo wengeniso kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Zihlawulwa kwilizwe nezakhiwo ."isekelwe kwixabiso lemali yempahla. Irhafu, esoloko ichazwa njengexabiso lokusila (ii-dolars ngexabiso eliyi-R1000) imiselwe ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni kwaye inokutshintsha minyaka le ukuze kufikelelwe iimfuno zoqingqo-mali.

  • Inkqubela yovavanyo lobunikazi: Abahloli basekuhlaleni baqikelela ixabiso lentengiso yempahla yakho, ngokufuthi ngemodeli yovavanyo lwemvo yobuninzi okanye utyelelo lwenxuwa. Unelungelo lokubhenela ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ugqibo lwakho aluchananga.
  • Iinguqu zase Homestead: Iingingqi ezininzi zinika unciphiso kwixabiso elinokuhla kwirhafu yemizi ephambili esebenzayo kumnini, ihlisa irhafu yabaninimzi.
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Irhafu yerhafu: Amanye amazwe amisela imida kwirhafu yempahla enokunyuka ngonyaka onikiweyo, enika intelekelelo kumninimzi.

Irhafu

Iirhafu zerhafu zisetyenziswa ekuthengeni iimpahla ezininzi nezinye iinkonzo ngexesha lokuthengiswa. Kumazwe amaninzi, irhafu yasekuhlaleni yongezwa kwirhafu yerhafu karhulumente, nto leyo ephumela kumlinganiselo odityanisiweyo onokugqitha kwi-10% kwezinye izixeko. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezifana neChicago, IL okanye iBaton Rouge, irhafu yentengiso epheleleyo iphakathi kweyona iphezulu kwelo lizwe.

  • Intelekelelo kunye neziTshunxiso: izinto ezifana nokutya okungalungiswanga, amayeza kagqirha, kunye nezixhobo zezamayeza zidla ngokukhululwa kwirhafu yentengiso. Ezinye iindawo zineeholide zerhafu ukwenzela izinto ezilungiselelwe ukubuyela emva kwisikolo okanye intlekele.
  • Sebenzisa irhafu: ukuba uthenga izinto kwi-intanethi okanye kumthengisi ongaqokeleli irhafu yentengiso yasekuhlaleni, usengasenayo irhafu yokusebenzisa irhafu kulawulo lwakho lwasekuhlaleni. Abaqeshi berhafu abaninzi abayihoyi le nto, kodwa amazwana ayayinyanzela ukuthobela.
  • [[FLT: 0] Uqwalaselo lwezoshishino: Amashishini kufuneka aqokelele aze aphinde afake irhafu yentengiso kuyo yonke indawo apho ane-nexus ephathekayo okanye yezoqoqosho. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yonyaka ka2018 kwi South Dakotal v. Wayfair, Inc. ubuchule obuphezulu booomasipala ukufuna ukuqokelela irhafumshela-yo, ukwenza ukukhomba okuntluxakiswe kakhulu.

Irhafu yemali ehlawulwayo

Ngokungafaniyo nerhafu yengeniso karhulumente okanye karhulumente, irhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni ayiqhelekanga kodwa isenokuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwizixeko nakwimiba enyanzelisayo. Imizekelo ephawulekayo iquka iNew York City, iPhiladelphia, neDetroit, ehlawulwa ngabahlali kunye namalungu angekho kwindawo engaphambili asebenza kwimiqathango yesixeko.

  • Flat vs. Isantya esinyusiweyo: Irhafu ezininzi zengeniso zasekuhlaleni zisebenzisa umyinge omcaba kwingeniso yomvuzo, kodwa amagunya ambalwa anezakhelo ezihamba phambili.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukuphatha nokuzifica: Abaqeshi kufuneka banqande irhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni kwimivuzo yabasebenzi. Abahlali kufuneka bafake iifayile zobuyelo lwerhafu yobulali, ngokufuthi ngemihla eyahlukileyo kuleyo ilindelekileyo kuleyo urhulumente okanye igalelo lorhulumente.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ityala lerhafu iPaid kwimimandla ehlala abantu: Ukuba uhlala kwelinye icala kwaye usebenza kwelinye, ungakufanele ukutyala ukuphepha irhafu ephindwe kabini. Ukuqonda izivumelwano zobundlobongela phakathi kwengingqi yengingqi kungundoqo.

Irhafu Ehlawulweyo

Iirhafu ezithengwayo yirhafu ekhethekileyo kwiimpahla ezithile okanye kwimisebenzi ethile. Iirhafu eziqhelekileyo zasekuhlaleni ziquka ezo zepetroli, icuba, utywala, iindawo zokuhlala ehotele, iinqwelo-mafutha zokuqesha, kwaneenkonzo zokukhwela iimoto ezifana ne-Uber ne-Lyft. Le rhafu idla ngokudluliselwa kubathengi njengenxalenye yexabiso lokuthenga. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa iirhafu ukukhupha irhafu ukudambisa izenzo ezithile (umz., ukutshaya) ngoxa bekhupha ingeniso kwiindwendwe kunye neendwendwe.

Ilayisenisi Yeshishini, Imvume Neerhafu Ezininzi

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni bafuna amashishini ukufumana iilayisensi okanye imvume yokusebenza ngokusemthethweni. Le mirhumo inokuba yeyohlobo loshishino nendawo. Ezinye izixeko zikwabeka irhafu ebhinqileyo yerhafu eninzi kakhulu (/irhafu ehlawulwayo yemali epheleleyo kunokuba ibe yengeniso. Umzekelo, iSixeko saseLos Angeles sihlawula irhafu eninzi kwirhafu esekelwe kwingeniso yaso yonyaka, kunye nexabiso elahlukeneyo ngemizi - mveliso.

Indlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo Irhafu Yasekuhlaleni

Ukwazi indawo oya kuyo irhafu kunokukunceda uqonde ukubaluleka kweenkonzo zasekuhlaleni uze wenze izigqibo ezithe ngqo kwibhokisi yokuvota.

  • [[FLT: 0] Imfundo:[ ixhomekeke kakhulu kwirhafu yempahla ukwenzela uqingqo-mali, imivuzo yootitshala, kunye nokugcinwa kwezakhiwo. Kumazwe amaninzi, inkxaso-mali yesikolo ngumba wempikiswano onxulumene nomgangatho ongafaniyo wempahla.
  • Ukhuseleko lwePublic: Amapolisa, amasebe omlilo, kunye neenkonzo zonyango zongxamiseko zixhaswa kakhulu ziirhafu zasekuhlaleni.
  • Isakhiwo sendlela, iibhulorho, iinkqubo zamanzi, unyango lokungcola, kunye nothutho lukawonke-wonke zigcinwa ngengeniso yerhafu yasekuhlaleni.
  • [[UMTL:0] IiPark kunye noHlaziyo: iipaki zikawonke-wonke, amaziko oluntu, amaqula okuqubha, kunye namathala eencwadi asoloko exhaswa yirhafu enikezelwayo.
  • Ulawulo Jikelele: IsiXeko okanye iiofisi zolawulo zamaphondo, iinkundla, kunye nomsebenzi wonyulo uxhaswa ngerhafu yasekuhlaleni.

Imimandla emininzi ikwakhupha amaqhina okuxhasa izakhiwo ezinkulu zekomkhulu, kunye nenkonzo yamatyala ehlawulwa yimali yerhafu kwixesha elizayo.

Imigaqo Esebenzisekayo Yokujongana Nokulawula Irhafu Yasekuhlaleni

Ukuphatha iirhafu zasekuhlaleni ngokunempumelelo kunokukusindisa kwimali kuze kuthintele intloko ebuhlungu. Nantsi amacebiso asibhozo asebenzayo.

1. Yazi Imigaqo Yakho Yerhafu

Qalisa ngokuphanda iirhafu ezikhethekileyo ezisebenza kulawulo lwakho. Yiya kwi-website yakho okanye kwisixeko sommandla, hlola iirekhodi zerhafu yepropati, kunye nohlolo lwerhafu. Irhafu yabaphathi berhafu inikela ugcino-lwazi kwixabiso lerhafu yesizwe nelobulali. Ulwazi lugunyazwe/ukugqiba ukuba imithetho yerhafu iyasebenza kwesinye isixeko.

2. Isibheno sokuncitshiswa kwemihlaba exabiseke ngaphezu

Ukuba uvavanyo lwerhafu yempahla yakho lubonakala luphezulu kakhulu, unelungelo lokubhenela. Luqokelele ubungqina obukhoyo obufana nokuthengiswa kwamakhaya alinganayo, uvavanyo lobuchule okanye iifoto zomonakalo. Ixesha lokufaka isibongozo lidla ngokufutshane, qho emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-60 emva kokuba isaziso sokuhlolwa sithunyelwe. Ukusinciphisa ngempumelelo isibalo sakho kunganciphisa imali yakho yerhafu kangangeminyaka.

3. Thetha Zonke Izisulu Ezikhoyo

Ukungahlawuli irhafu yempahla okuninzi akuzizinto ezizenzekelayo. Kufuneka ubhalisele. Ukungakhululeki okuqhelekileyo kuquka oko kufunyanwa ngabemi abakhulileyo, amagqala, abantu abakhubazekileyo, nemibutho engahlawulwayo. Ukuthengiswa kwerhafu kuxhomekeke kumangeniso oshishino (umz., izinto ezikrwada) kungafuna isiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa. Gcina iikopi zazo zonke iintlobo zokukhulula uze uzihlaziye njengoko kuyimfuneko.

4. Sebenzisa ii-akhawunti zerhafu kunye nokuKhuselwa

Ukuba indawo ohlala kuyo ifuna irhafu yengeniso, cinga ukuba kukho igalelo kwityala lerhafu elihlawulwayo njenge-aundide 1,1(k) okanye i-IRA. Ezinye izixeko zivumela ukuhlawuliswa kwemali yeminikelo yale akhawunti kwirhafu yasekuhlaleni.

5. Ukuqwalasela iinguqu kuMthetho werhafu

Imithetho yerhafu yasekuhlaleni ingatshintsha rhoqo ngenxa yeengxaki zoqingqo-mali, itempela, okanye imithetho emitsha. Zibophelele kwiphetshana lorhulumente wakho, funda iintlanganiso zedolophu, okanye landela imithombo yeendaba enengxelo elungileyo egquma imali kamasipala. Kumashishini, kubalulekile ukusoloko uthobela imithetho yerhafu ye-nexus. Imithombo efana ne Streamlined Posic Project [ iyakwazi ukuncedisa ekulawuleni intenxaxwa.

6. Ceba Ukuthenga Nentengiso Ezinkulu

Intengo yerhafu ingahluka kungekuphela nje ngokwesixeko kodwa kwanangesixeko kunye nengingqi. Ukuba ucinga ngentengo enkulu njengesithuthi, isixhobo, okanye izinto zokwakha, thelekisa isantya kwimimandla ekufutshane. Ezinye iindawo zinika iiholide zerhafu ukwenzela izinto ezithile; ukuthengwa kwakho kungahambisana nezi zinto zingagcina imali. Ngokufanayo, ukuthengisa ishishini okanye umhlaba kusenokuxhobisa ukudluliswa kwerhafu yengi yasekuhlaleni.

7 Khangelani Kumagcisa Erhafu

Imithetho yerhafu yasekuhlaleni intsonkothile kwaye iyakwazi ukudibanisa nemithetho karhulumente neyorhulumente. Umgcini-mali kawonke-wonke (CPA) oqinisekisiweyo okanye obhalisiweyo onolwazi lwasekuhlaleni angachaza iincopho kunye neetyala ongaziphosayo, aqinisekise ukuba uyathobela, kwaye akumele kwii-aftications. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubanini-mali abaqhubana neerhafu ezininzi zasekuhlaleni.

8. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukwenzela uqikelelo

Ukuba usebenza okanye awufumani ngeniso, kufuneka uhlawule irhafu yerhafu yengingqi ngokwekota. Beka bucala ipesenti yemali nganye oyifumanayo ukuze uphephe ukumangalisa ngexesha lokugcina izithuba. Amagosa amaninzi erhafu amkela intlawulo ye-elektroniki, nto leyo ekwenza kube lula ukuhlala ukho ngoku.

Imbono Eqhelekileyo Ngerhafu Yasekuhlaleni

Ukungayazi kakuhle irhafu yasekuhlaleni kunokukhokelela ekuhlawuleni imali engaphaya komlinganiselo okanye ekuhlawuleni isigwebo.

  • Irhafu yemihlaba iyafana kuyo yonke indawo. Inyaniso: Iindlela zokufaka, isantya, kunye nokukhulula zahluka kakhulu phakathi kobalo kunye nakuloo sixeko sinye. Ikhaya elixabisa ii $30 000 linokutyala ii $3,000 (R3,000) kwenye indawo kunye ne $9 000 kwenye.
  • Imyam: irhafu yentengiso isoloko iqukiwe kwixabiso lokuposela. Inyaniso: EUnited States, irhafu yentengiselwano idityanisiwe ngokomthetho, ngoko ixabiso lephetshana alibonisi ixabiso lokugqibela. Ngamazwe ambalwa afuna amaxabiso abonisweyo ukuquka irhafu.
  • Myth: Ukuba andinatyala lerhafu yemali karhulumente, andinatyala lerhafu yengeniso yoluntu. Inyaniso: Ezinye izixeko kunye neendawo zibeka irhafu yengeniso yazo nokuba urhulumente akayifaki. Umzekelo, abemi base New York City bahlawula irhafu yorhulumente nengeniso yesixeko, ngoxa abemi baseTexas bengenayo irhafu kodwa abadas abanayo irhafu yengeniso yengingingi kufutshane nePhiladelphia.
  • [[FLT: 0] Myth: Ndifuna kuphela uku bhala iirhafu apho ndihlala khona. Inyaniso: Iindawo ezininzi irhafu yengeniso oyifumanayo kwimida yazo, nokuba uhlala kwenye indawo. Abalawuli bangafuna ukubhala iimbuyekezo ezininzi zasekuhlaleni baze bafune ityala lerhafu ehlawulwa kwezinye imikhosi.
  • [[FLT: 0] MYS: Intengiselwano isebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Inyaniso: Ukungakhululeki kuninzi kufuna isicelo sonyaka okanye uxwebhu. Ukungabhaliswa kwexesha kungaphumela kwityala lerhafu eliphezulu. Umzekelo, ukukhulula ekhaya kusoloko kufuneka kugcinwe kanye kodwa kufuneka kugcinwe emva kotshintsho kwi-bini.
  • Ityala [[FLT: 0] linemiqathango: izibonda zentengiso ze-intanethi azikho rhafu. Inyaniso: Ukusukela inguqu yesigqibo, irejistations kunye neendawo zinyanzelise ukuqokelelwa kwerhafu kwintengo ye-intanethi. Ezinye imfuno zifuna ukuba unike ingxelo kwaye uhlawule irhafu yakho kwimbuyekezo yakho engarhafu.

Ulwazelelelo Olukhethekileyo Kumashishini

Iinkampani zijongene nemeko entsonkothileyo yerhafu yasekuhlaleni. Ngaphandle kwerhafu yepropati neyorhwebo, kufuneka zihambe ngenkcitho:

  • Irhafu yempahla yobuqu yeshishini: Irhafu kwizixhobo, ifenisha, iikhompyutha, kunye noluhlu lwemisebenzi egcinwe lishishini. Amanye amazwe ayiyekile le rhafu, kodwa iindawo ezininzi zisayinyanzela.
  • [[NTL: 0] Irisithi ezithi tye irhafu: Njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, le yirhafu yengeniso iyonke enezincopho ezimbalwa. Ingaba ngumthwalo ophezulu kumashishini e-margin esezantsi.
  • Irhafu ehlawulwayo: isenokufuna abaqeshi bahlawule irhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni, irhafu yokungaqeshwa, okanye irhafu yokuqeqesha.
  • [[NTL: 0] Imalise Fees kunye nemvume yokulawula: ukusuka kwinkonzo yokutya ivumela ukutyikitya, indawo nganye inemiqathango yayo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlaziya kungaphumela kwintlawulo okanye ekuvalweni.

Abanini-mali bamashishini kufuneka bagcine ikhalenda elandelelanayo yokulandelela yonke imihla yerhafu efunekayo kunye nelayisensi. Ukusebenzisa umqeshi onguchwepheshe (PEO) okanye ukukhupha umqulu wokuhlawula unganceda ekulawuleni iimfuno zerhafu ezininzi eziza kubekwa kwenye indawo. U.Ulawulo oluncinci lweshishini lunikela ukhokelo kurhulumente nakwimfuno zerhafu yasekuhlaleni.

Indima yoNyaka yoNyaka kuPhuhliso lwezeNkcubeko

Iirhafu zerhafu zasekuhlaleni azizizo nje izixhobo zengeniso, zikwabumba indlela yokuziphatha kwezoqoqosho. Iirhafu zempahla eziphezulu zingadimazisa umnini-khaya kunye norhwebo olude, ngoxa iirhafu eziphantsi zinokutsala amashishini kodwa zikhokelele kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke ezingekho mgangathweni. Iindawo ezininzi zisebenzisa irhafu, intlawulo yerhafu (IT), kunye nemimandla yezoshishino ukuphuhlisa inkqubela. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kunganelisa abanini-khaya kunye namashishini ngokufanayo.

Ngokomzekelo, isixeko singanika umbhinqi werhafu yepropati yepropati iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala kumenzi owakha umzi - mveliso kwimida yaso. Ngokubuya, isixeko sifumana imisebenzi kwaye siphumele ngaphandle kwemeko yezoqoqosho. Ngokufanayo, iimali zerhafu ezithenjiswayo zembali zinciphisa iindleko zokubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo ezindala. Ezi njongo zidla ngokuxoxwa ngetyala, ngoko ke zihlawula uphando ngoko kuthengwa kwengiswa kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

Iingcinga Zokugqibela

Iirhafu zasekuhlaleni zihlala zihleli, kodwa akufuneki ukuba zibe ngumthombo wesiphithiphithi okanye ixhala. Ngokuqonda iindidi zerhafu ojamelana nazo, ukuhlala wazi ngeenguqu, nokuthabatha amanyathelo okulawula iimbopheleleko zakho, unganciphisa umthwalo wakho werhafu uze uphephe izigwebo. Nokuba ungumnini-khaya, umqeshi, okanye umnini-shishini, ixesha olichitha ufunda ngerhafu yasekuhlaleni liya kuhlawula iingenelo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ukuphinda ufunde, [[FLT: 0] Abahlawula irhafu besizwe i-Union inika uhlolo lwemithwalo yerhafu yengingqi kulo lonke ilizwe, kwaye amazwe amaninzi anezikhokelo ezisemthethweni kwirhafu yasekuhlaleni. Njengesiqhelo, qhagamshelana nogqirha ofanelekileyo werhafu ukwenzela ingcebiso elilungele imeko yakho ethile.