Table of Contents

Iinzuzo Zoluntu Ezicingwayo Kulawulo Lwale Mihla

Ingcamango yokulunga kukawonke-wonke imele njengenye yezimvo ezihlala zihleli nezineziphumo eziphambili ekulawuleni nakwezoqoqosho. Ibumba indlela ibutho labantu eliwabela ngayo amashishini, izakhiwo zokwakha, lize lichaze imida phakathi kwesenzo sikarhulumente neshishini labucala. Embilinini walo, uluntu olulungileyo lumela isiseko esidityanisiweyo apho abantu bafumana impumelelo, ukhuseleko, nentlalo entle. Kodwa ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo oko kusemzinzi woluntu, ingcamango yokulungileyo isoloko iqondwa ngokuphosakeleyo, ukugqithisa, okanye ukuthathwa njengewongagunyaziswa. Oku kwandiswa kunika uhlolo olubanzi lwenkcazelo yezinto ezilungileyo, izicelo eziluncedo ekulawuleni, ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo, kunye nemidanga yokuvela okuza kuchaza ikamva layo. Ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo oko kulungileyo, inkqubo yoluntu, inkqubo yolawulo, kunye nolawulo olubanzi lwezinzo olunelisayo.

Yintoni Isiseko Sezoqoqosho Sehlabathi Esilungileyo?

Kwingcamango yezoqoqosho, ukulunga kukawonke wonke kuchazwa ziimpawu ezimbini ezikhethekileyo ezahlulayo kwimpahla yabucala: ezi mpawu zibangela iseti eyodwa yezihlomelo kunye nocelomngeni ezitshintsha ngokusisiseko indlela eziveliswa ngayo, ezixhaswayo, kunye nezilawulwa ngayo. Ukwenziwa kwenkcubeko yempahla kawonke-wonke kwamiselwa ngokwesithethe yingcaciso nguPaul Samuelson kwisazi sezoqoqosho kwiphepha lakhe lo 1954 "Intengiselwano Ecocekileyo Yoluntu," eyamisela iimeko zezibalo apho izinto zikawonke wonke zikhokelela khona ekuphunyeleni. Samuelson wabonisa ukuba iimarike, ezishiyelwe kwizixhobo zazo, ziza kuvelisa phantsi kwemisebenzi yazo, ezibonisa ezi mpawumbini, zisenza icebo elicacileyo lokusebenza ngorhulumente.

Kubalulekile ukuba ubani aziqonde ngokweenkcukacha ezi mpawu okanye ulawulo lukawonke - wonke.

Ukungagqibeki: Ayinakwenzeka into yokuba ungakhanyela

Ukungabi nazintlawulo kuthetha ukuba xa kuthe kwanikelwa okulungileyo, akunakwenzeka okanye kuyinto enzima ukukhusela nabani na ekulidleni. Oku kunciphisa amandla okuhlawula ixabiso lokufikelela, ngenxa yokuba abathengi banokukwazi ukuqhuba ngesisa kwiminikelo yabanye. Umzekelo, iinqanawa ezilumkisayo zamatye ayingozi azinakukhanyisa ngokukhethayo kuphela ezo zitya ezihlawulelwe umrhumo; uphawu lwazo lubonakala kubo bonke abahamba ngenqanawa phakathi komgama. Ngokufanayo, ukhuseleko lohlanga lukhusela wonke umntu kwimida yelizwe kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabahlawule irhafuthe na. Umgangatho ongengowo osisikhuthazo lwezi zinto zithetha ukuba izikhuthazo zabucala zinokungabi na izikhuthazo eziluncedo, njengoko bengenako ukuhlawula imali eyaneleyo. Le ngxaki yesiseko ingumali ekhutshelwayo.

Engakwenziyo: Ukuposelana ngaphandle kokukhutshwa

Ukungaguquguquki komoya kuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa komntu omnye komntu okulungileyo akubunciphisi ubuninzi okanye ubunjani obukhoyo kwabanye. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ngunomathotholo: xa omnye umphulaphuli ethetha, akasinciphisi isiphawulo esikhoyo kwabanye. Umoya ococekileyo usebenza ngokufanayo; umntu ophefumlayo akasicimi ioksijini ekhoyo kwabanye. Iingcamango zikawonke-wonke-wonke zinokudliwa ngumntu owongezelelekileyo ngexabiso elisezantsi, owenza ukuba ingeniso enzima. Ukukhupha ixabiso elifanelekileyo kungayi kuthintela abanye abasebenzisi nokuba basebenzisa imali enganiki xabiso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwe-ullll. Ngoko ke iingcamango zikawonke zicebisa ukuba ezi zinto zinokuthengwa ngexabiso le-0 lomsebenzi, endaweni yokusetyenziswa kwerhafutheliswa kwerhafu okanye kwezinye iindlela.

Ubuchule bokulungisa izinto zoluntu kunye neengcamango ezinxulumene nazo

Ubuchule obuqhelekileyo bokusebenzisa iimpahla zoluntu kunye nezibucala bufihla iimpahla ezityebileyo ezibonisa ezi mpawu ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda le nkqubo yobugcisa kunceda abaqulunqi benkqubo bakhethe iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuzilungiselela.

Izinto Ezinyulu Ezifumaneka Kuwonke - wonke

Ezi zinto zanelisa zombini ukungazidibanisi nokungabi nakudibana nanto kumgangatho ophezulu. Imizekelo iquka ukhuseleko lwesizwe, uphando lwenzululwazi, kunye nokujongwa koluntu ngokubanzi. Iimpahla zikawonke wonke ezinyulu zifuna ilungiselelo elipheleleyo likarhulumente nenkxaso-mali, njengoko iimarike zabucala zingenakuzixhasa. Ingxaki yokuzimela ingqongqo kakhulu kwizinto zikawonke wonke, ukwenza inyathelo elidityanisiweyo libaluleke kakhulu.

Izinto Ezisulungekileyo Zasekuhlaleni

Iimpahla ezininzi ziwela kudidi oluphakathi apho enye ibala libuthathaka kunenye. Umzekelo, indlela esetyenziswayo ayinakususwa (iminquba ingakhanyela unikezelo) kodwa ingadibani ukuya kwinqanaba lokuxinana. Ipaki kawonke-wonke exineneyo iyaphikisana (isithuba sigqityiwe) kodwa ayinakunqandwa (nabani na angangena). Ezi zinto zikawonke wonke ezingalunganga zisoloko zizibopha kwimodeli ezidibeneyo eziquka amaqela kawonke-wonke, iindleko zomsebenzisi, okanye iimali zokuminxela.

Izinto ezintle ezikummandla kunye nezibonelelo eziqhelekileyo

Iindidi ezimbini ezongezelelekileyo zigqibele i-typology. Iimpahla zeqela (ezibizwa ngokuba ziimpahla zomvuzo) ziyakhetheka kodwa azinakususwa; iinkonzo zomrhumo, intsontelo yentsimbi, kunye neeklasi zegalufa yecala ziyimizekelo. Ubuncwane bequmrhu eliqhelekileyo liyaphikisana kodwa elingekho ngaphaya; intlanzi, amazwe afuyile, kunye nezitya zamanzi asemhlabeni zibonisa olu didi. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zequabhu zijongene "ne ngxaki eqhelekileyo", apho umntu ngamnye ozixhasayo akhokelela ekusebenziseni kakhulu nasekuncipheni. Ulawulo lwezibonelelo lwezibonelelo oluqhelekileyo lwequ lephondo ludla ngokufuna ulawulo olusekelwe kuluntu, ulawulo lwamalungelo empahleni, okanye ulawulo oludumileyo, njengoko kuhlaluliwe nguEnorth Ostromss.

Imizekelo Engafaniyo Yezinto Ezintle Ezinguwonke - wonke

Iimpahla zikawonke wonke zifumaneka kuyo yonke inxalenye yobomi banamhlanje, ngokufuthi zingenamnatha kangangokuba zide zingakwazi ukubonwa.

  • Ukhuselo lohlanga nokhuseleko: Ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke olubalulekileyo. Umkhosi ukhusela bonke abemi kummandla ngaphandle kocalucalulo, kwaye ukhuseleko lommi omnye aluthobeli ukhuseleko kwabanye. Ukuhlanganisana kobuntlola, ukhuseleko lomda, kunye nokhuseleko lwe-intanethi ngokufanayo kubonisa iimpawu ezintle kuwonke-wonke.
  • Isakhiwo sempilo ye- Isixokelelwano sokuhlola izifo, iinkqubo zokugoma, kunye neenkqubo zogutyulo logutyulo zinceda bonke abantu. Xa isixeko sityale unyango lwamanzi acocekileyo, wonke umntu ohlala kuso ufumana ukhuseleko kwizigulo ezibangelwa ngamanzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlawula kusini na inkonzo. Isifo se-COVOVAD-19 sabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uluntu lonke lunentlalo oluhle lwesifo esixhotyisiweyo nokusasazwa ngamayeza okugoma.
  • Uphando lwenzululwazi olusisiseko: izinto ezifunyenweyo kwinzululwazi yemvelo, kwibhayoloji, nakwimichiza azinakufumaneka (kuluntu luzenza zifumaneke kakhulu) kwaye ukungephi okungamiselwanga (kusetyenziswa ngumphandi omnye). Imali karhulumente yeeyunivesithi zophando kunye namaqumrhu esizwe ezezempilo ivelisa ulwazi olubangela uphuhliso olungaphaya koqoqosho.
  • [[NTL:0] Ubunjani obungundoqo: Ucoceko lomoya, ulondolozo lwendalo, kunye nozinzo lwemozulu ziphakathi kwezona zinto zicinezelayo zikawonke-wonke kwinkulungwane yama-21. I-atmosfera ayinyanzelekanga (akukho mntu unokuthintelwa kwinzuzo yayo) kwaye ayinakuthintelwa kwimisebenzi yayo esisiseko yokuxhasa ubomi. Utshintsho lwemozulu lumela eyona ngxaki ikhululeke kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu, ifuna intsebenziswano yehlabathi lonke ukunikezela ngoluntu olulungileyo lwemozulu ezinzileyo.
  • [[NT.0] Ipaki ze-Public kunye neGreen Spaces: iipaki ze-unit zinika indawo yokuzonwabisa, ziphucula ubunjani bomoya, ziphucula intlalo entle yoluntu olungqongileyo. Ngoxa ezinye iipaki zineendleko zokungena, ezininzi zifumaneka ngokukhululekileyo, zifaka iinjongo ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuhlala kwiipaki ezidumileyo ngexesha leeyure eziphezulu kubonisa umlinganiselo ongengowomqobo, ukutyhalela ezinye iipaki kwindawo entle kawonke-wonke.
  • Ukukhanya kokukhanya kunye nomthetho osisiseko: Ukukhanya kweendlela zikawonke wonke kunyusa ukhuseleko lwabahamba ngenqanawa, abaqhubi beebhayisikile, kunye nabaqhubi benqwelo-moya ngokufanayo. Iinzuzo ezichitheka kubo bonke abantu abakufuphi, kwaye ukusebenzisa komntu omnye ukukhanya akuyiphazamisi kwabanye. Ngokufanayo, iindlela, iibhulorho, kunye neenkqubo zothutho zibonisa iimpawu ezilungileyo zikawonke wonke, nangona ubugcisa obusebenzisa umbane bunokuyizisa impumelelo.
  • Inkqubo yeLegel kunye namalungelo eeMpawu: Abaphathi bejaji, amapolisa, kunye nezixhobo zokulawula isiseko sotshintshiselwano lwezoqoqosho nolungelelwano lwentlalo. La maqumrhu awanakuxhomekeka kwimithetho enye (bonke abemi baphantsi kwemithetho efanayo) kunye nokungabi naxesha linye (ukufikelela komntu ebulungisa akuthinteli omnye). Umthetho umele ukwenze kube kokulungileyo koluntu, kuphumele wonke omnye umsebenzi wezoqoqosho.

Indima karhulumente ekuxhaseni nokubonelela ngemali

Ngenxa yokuba iimarike ezilungiselelwe ukulungiselela izinto zikawonke wonke, oorhulumente kuzo zonke imigangatho bafumana imbopheleleko ephambili yokuxhasa imali, ukuvelisa nokulungisa. Le ndima ayisebenzi nje kuphela kodwa isekelwe kwiinjongo ezisisiseko zeli lizwe njengoko zichazwa zizithandi zobulumko zobupolitika ukusuka kuThomas Hobbes ukuya kuJohn Rawwls.

Ukuxhasa Ngokuhlawula Irhafu

Eyona ndlela ingqalileyo yokuxhasa iimpahla zikawonke wonke yirhafu. Oorhulumente banyanzela iminikelo evela kubo bonke abemi kunye nabemi esekelwe kubuchule bokuhlawula, kunokuba bafumane iingenelo ezifunyenwe kwiimpahla ezithile. Le mali inyanzelisa ukusombulula ingxaki ekhululekileyo: wonk ’ ubani uyancedisa, kwaye wonke umntu uyafumaneka. Irhafu eqhubekayo isoloko ithethelelwa ngokwenxalenye ngemfuneko yokuxhasa izinto zikawonke wonke eziyingenelo eziyingenelo ngokungenakuthelekiswa namali. Unxulumano phakathi kwerhafuta-ntengiso kunye neempahla zikawonke lungumxholo ongundoqo kwimali kawonke wonke, kunye nezoqoqosho lukhuthaza isakhiwo serhafuthelo esifanelekileyo sokuxhasa ezi zinto kakuhle nangokungenakuphikiswa.

Ilungiselelo elingqalileyo kunye nemveliso

Oorhulumente badla ngokuvelisa izinto zikawonke-wonke ngqo ngamasebe kunye nabasebenzi. Ukhuselo lwesizwe lunikelwa yimikhosi exhobileyo; imfundo kawonke-wonke inikelwa ngezikolo ezilawulwa ngurhulumente; iipaki zigcinwa ngamasebe kamasipala. Ilungiselelo elingqalileyo livumela oorhulumente ukuba baqinisekise imilinganiselo entle, bafeze iinjongo ezilinganayo, baphendule kwiinkqubo zokuphendula ngokwedemokhrasi. Noko ke, kwakhona liphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuphumelela, ukuphuhliswa, nokusabela, nto leyo ekhokelela oorhulumente abaninzi ukuba bahlole ezinye iimodeli.

Ukudibanisa, umanyano, kunye noxokelelwano

Amalungiselelo akathethi ukuba imveliso ithe ngqo. Oorhulumente baya besenza isivumelwano esithe ngcembe neefemu ezizimeleyo sokuhambisa izinto zikawonke wonke ngoxa begcina ulwalathiso kunye nemali. Ukuqokelelwa kwemali, ulawulo lwentolongo, kunye nokugcinwa kwezibonelelo kudla ngokufunyanwa. Umanyano lobucala lukawonke-wonke (PPPP) luvumela ikomkhulu lenkcubeko ukuba lixhase imisebenzi emikhulu efana neendlela nezibhedlele, kunye norhulumente oqinisekisa ukufikelela nokufaneleka. Ulawulo lwezikongamela: oorhulumente banokuyalela ukuba abadlali abazimeleyo banikele kwiimpahla zikawonke wonke, njengalawo afuna ababhengezi benkonzo kawonke-wonke-wonke okanye iinkampani ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza ukuvakalisa ityala.

Ukunyamezela Iingxaki Kwilungiselelo Likawonke - wonke

Nakubeni iyimfuneko, ulungiselelo lwempahla kawonke-wonke lujongene nento engapheliyo nebhalwe kakuhle imingeni abalawuli benkqubo abamele bahambe ngayo ngononophelo.

Ingxaki Ekhululekileyo

Ingxaki ekhululekileyo ivela xa abantu benokunceda abantu ngaphandle kokunceda kwixabiso labo. I-gationalnal-entrenel ikhuthaza ukukhwela ngokukhululekileyo ngenxa yokuba umntu ngamnye unezizathu zokuba igalelo lakhe lobuqu alisebenzi kwaye baza kufumana okulungileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba banikwe malini. Xa bonke abantu becinga ngale ndlela, okulungileyo kuxhomekeke okanye akunikelwanga nikezeli konke konke. Le ngxaki yeqela, eqwalaselwa nguMancur Olson kwi "Indlela Yokwenza Isenzo," ichaza isizathu sokuba amaqela amakhulu azabalazele ukunikezela ngempahla kawonke wonke ngokuzithandela kwaye kutheni kuyimfuneko (ngerhafuthelo).

Ukukhetha ISityhilelo Nengxaki Yokuvaleka

Ucelomngeni lwesibini olusisiseko kukufumanisa ukuba bungakanani ubuninzi nomgangatho weempahla zikawonke-wonke. Kwimarike yangasese, abathengi batyhila izinto abazithandayo ngezigqibo zokuthenga, banika imiqondiso ecacileyo. Kwizinto zikawonke-wonke, akukho ndlela yokuthengisa ekhoyo. Abantu banazo izihlomelo zokuchaza ukuba bazimisele ukuhlawula ngokuphantsi ukuzimisela kwabo ukuba balindele ukukhulula, okanye ukukhutshelwa ngaphezulu ukuba bacinga ukuba abanye baza kuthwala iindleko. Urhulumente uxhomekeke kwiinkqubo zezobupolitika, uhlolisiso, intengoso-mali efuna ingeniso, kwaye uthelekisa ezi ndlela zokuhlola izinto ezikhethwayo, kodwa ezi ndlela azinamdla wokuzilungisa nokuzilungisa. Le ngxaki ichazwa ngokusetyenziswa yingxaki kawonke-wonke ithetha ukuba ilungiselelo elilungileyo lisoloko liyintlawulo olungenantle lwabemi abangafezekanga.

Ukufuduswa kweZibonelelo kunye neNkcitho yaMathuba

Oorhulumente bajamelana nokhetho olunzima malunga nezi zinto zikawonke-wonke eziza kumiselwa ngokumisela izibonelelo ezilinganiselweyo. Ukuveliswa kwemali eninzi kwi-lonke kusenokuthetha ukuncitshiswa kwemali yempilo yoluntu okanye yemfundo. Ukwakha ipaki entsha kungalibazisa ukulungisa izibonelelo ezikhoyo. Olu rhwebo-okanye lufuna iinkqubo ezibonisa ngokucacileyo ezilinganisa amaxabiso akhuphisanayo entlalo. Uhlalutyo-ntengo lwentengo lunika isiseko, kodwa luzama ukulinganisela amaxabiso angengawo angoophawu olunjengobomi bomntu, ugcino-meko-bume, kunye nemvelaphi yezithethe. Ingxaki ekwabiwabiwayo idityaniswa nezikhundla zezo zezobupolitika: amaqela amaqela anezixanduva-o-organ elungele ukusetyenziswa kwempahla zikawonke ezinceda abantu abambalwa kwiindleko zoluntu oluphangangenileyo.

Ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuphendula

Xa oorhulumente bekuphela koorhulumente abanikezeli bezinto zikawonke-wonke, abemi abanakukwazi ukutshintshela kulunye uhlobo ukuba ubunjani buyehla. Oku kungabikho kokhuphiswano kungakhokelela ekungasebenzini, ekungangeni kwe-bureaucrate, nasekunciphiseni ukusabela. IiMechanism zifana nokulinganisa ukusebenza, iinkqubo zokuchaza, ii-ofisi zoluntu, kunye nemibutho ezimeleyo ejongene nolawulo oluzimeleyo ezama ukugcina ityala layo, kodwa ayifezeki. Ucelomngeni lukuyila amacandelo kawonke-wonke adibanisa ubuchule nokufikelela koluntu ekusebenzeni nokuphumelela kokhuphiswano lwentengiso.

Imisebenzi Kawonke-wonke Nokulingana

Ulwalamano phakathi kweempahla zikawonke wonke nokulingana kwentlalo lunzulu kwaye luyintabalala. Iimpahla zikawonke wonke zinokuba zizixhobo ezinamandla zokunciphisa ukungalingani, kodwa indlela eziyilwe ngayo kunye nenkxaso yazo zisenokuqhubeka okanye zibangele umahluko okhoyo.

Icebo lokucoca ulwelo

Iimpahla zikawonke wonke zinika bonke abemi iingenelo kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafumana malini, ubutyebi, okanye imeko yentlalo. Inkqubo yemfundo kawonke-wonke echuliweyo inika abantwana abasuka kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi amathuba okufumana ubuncwane babo bobuqu obungenakukwazi ukuhlawula. Ubuchule boluntu buqinisekisa ukuba abagulayo bafumana unyango nako nako nako nako ukukwazi ukuhlawula. iipaki zikawonke wonke zinikela ukuzonwabisa kwasimahla kwimimandla engenandawo eluhlaza. Ngale ndlela, izinto zikawonke wonke zisebenza njengohlobo loncedo oluseluntlulweni, zinikela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo kwabo babafuna kakhulu. Umgangatho wendalo yonke imveliso yempahla uphepha ukuthomalaliswa okunxulumene neenkqubo ezinxulumene novavanyo kunye nokwandisa imibutho yezopolitiko yezo zemali eqhubekayo.

Imali eLawulayo neNkxaso

Kanti ukulingana kwentlawulo yempahla kawonke-wonke kuxhomekeke ngokungqongqo kwindlela ezixhaswa ngayo. Iirhafu ezihlawulwayo njengerhafu esetyenziswa ngokungenakulinganiswa namaqela erhafu okanye iirhafu ezifakelwe ixabiso eliphantsi, ezichitha isabelo esikhulu sengeniso yazo ekusebenziseni ingeniso. Kwanerhafu yengeniso ingaphinda iphinde iphinde iphele ukuba ayilungelelaniswe ngokuqhubekayo. Xa kusetyenziswa kwakhona iirhafu zerhafu zikawonke-wonke ezisetyenziswa ngokungenakulinganiswa ziinkokheko zamaqela afumana ixabiso eliphezulu, iziphumo zerhafutho zinokuba ziyakhula. Umzekelo, ukuba isixeko sichitha imali eninzi kwindlu ye-opera ngerhafu yentengiso, abahlayo abahlali benokuhlawula isabelo esikhulu sengeniso yabo ngenxa yomsebenzi abangayithandiyo. Uhlalulo lweendleko lweeendleko ezizingenelo eziphezulu nezinikezelweyo ziyimfuneko nakusetyenziswa nakusetyenziswa nakusetyenziswa kwazo naziphi naziphi naziphi naziphi naziphi naziphi naziphi na ezo zinzuzo zikawonke.

Imisebenzi Kawonke - wonke Nezobulungisa

Asizizo zonke izinto zikawonke-wonke ezisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwiindawo zelizwe. Inkxaso-mali yesikolo sikawonke-wonke kumazwe amaninzi ixhomekeke kwirhafu yempahla yasekuhlaleni, ukwenza umahluko phakathi kwesithili esifumileyo nesihlwempu. Ukufikelela kwepaki kuyahluka-hluka kakhulu phakathi kwengingqi, ezinabemi abafumana imali ephantsi ngokufuthi abanazo iindawo eziluhlaza ezincinane nezisezantsi. Ubeko lwemali eninzi ezisendleleni, ububanzi, kunye neenkqubo zokuthutha zingadlula kuluntu oluthe lwahlulwa, ngamanye amaxesha okubizwa ngokuba "luhlelo oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo". Ukunika intetho ephantsi kwemiqatha kufuneka ingqalelo yezomgalelo yezomthetho, kuquka nezibonelelo ezikhongozezona zinto zihamba ngaphantsi kwemimandla egciniweyo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ekucebiseni.

Izinto Ezintle Zabantu Bonke Ehlabathini Lonke: Intsebenziswano Ngaphesheya Kwemida

Ezininzi zezinto zikawonke wonke ezilandela umphumo zidlula imida yamazwe kwaye zifuna intsebenziswano yehlabathi lonke ukwenzela ilungiselelo lazo. Iimpahla zikawonke-wonke ziquka ukuzinza kwemozulu, ukuxhotyiswa kwemozulu, ukusasazwa kwesixokelelwano semali, ulwandiso lolwazi, uxolo nokhuseleko. Ezi zinto zijongene neengxaki ezinzima ezifumaneka ngaphandle kwemiqathango yamakhaya kuba akukho rhulumente wehlabathi onyanzela iminikelo. Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe, izivumelwano, amaziko ahlukeneyo, kunye nemibutho yokuzithandela inika ulawulo, kodwa ukunyanzeleka kolawulo kubuthathaka kwaye akukho nto ithethwayo.

Utshintsho lwemozulu lulucelomngeni olulungileyo kuluntu ngokubanzi. I-atmosfera luyinto eqhelekileyo ehlabathini lonke: ukukhutshwa kwemiphunga evela kulo naliphi na ilizwe okuchaphazela imozulu yamazwe, kwaye ukunciphisa umphunga kunceda wonke umntu. Kodwa ke ilizwe ngalinye linezikhuthazo zokukhulula abanye kwimigudu yokuzinzisa ezinye ngoxa liqhubeka likhupha. Isivumelwano seParis simela imigudu yokuzama ukuphelisa le ngxaki yeqela ngeminikelo yesizwe, ubuchule bokuvelisa intengiso, kunye nokufuduswa kwemali, kodwa isakhiwo salo sokuzithandela sivelise iminqweno engafanelekanga. Iintengiso zehlabathi zicacisa isizathu sokuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunzima ukuthetha nokuqiniswa kwemeko yomthetho, njengoko ulungiso lwabiwo-mente okanye ii-mente, zifuneka.

Ukulungiselela okungephi kuyinto elungileyo emhlabeni wonke. Iipatogen aziwuhloneli umda, kwaye uphando, uphando, kunye nophuhliso lwezitofu ziyingenelo kulo lonke ihlabathi. Isifo se-COVID-19 sityhile ukungaphumeleli okukhulu kwilungiselelo elilungileyo loluntu jikelele, kuquka iinkqubo ezingephi ezinika izilumkiso, ukugcinwa kwemichiza ngamazwe atyebileyo, kunye nokungalungelelani okubuthathaka kokungangeni. Ukuqinisa iWorld Health Organization, ukuseka isivumelwano sehlabathi lonke esinezifo ezimachiza, kunye nokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwemali kophando oluvulekileyo lwezitoliki-mayeza kuyaqhubeka imigudu yokuphucula ilungiselelo elibalulekileyo loluntu lonke.

Izinto Ezintle Ezisetyenziswa Kumanani Kwinkulungwane Ye - 21

Isizukulwana samanani sinyuse udidi olutsha lwempahla zikawonke-wonke ezineempawu kunye nocelomngeni. Iimpahla zikawonke-wonke zamanani zi-software evulekileyo yomthombo, iiseti zogcino-lwazi, imigangatho, kunye nolwahlulo olufumanekayo ngokukhululekileyo kumntu ozakusebenzisa, utshintsho, kwaye lwabelane. Imizekelo iquka i Linux system yemaphu e-openStretmap, kunye nemithetho efihlakeleyo efana nophawu oluseTy. Ezi zinto zibonisa ukuba alunaku olulinganayo: ukhuphelo lwamanani lungaveliselwa kufutshane-zexabiso lomgangatho osezantsi. Zingaphinda zenziwe zingabi ngolungenamsebenzi ngokusebenzisa ilayisensi ezivulekileyo kwaye zisasaze kwi-intanethi.

Ucwangciso lwempahla yoluntu lwamanani lufumene ulwamkelo olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo yoluntu. UNobhala-Jikelele weGawulayo we-General we-General Cooperation ifuna ngokucacileyo ukukhuthaza izinto zikawonke-wonke zamanani ukufezekisa iinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo. I-Invitagement Public Goods Alliance, inyathelo lokuqala lokuphatha izinto ezininzi, igcina ubhaliso lwempahla zikawonke-wonke ovunyelweyo kwaye ikhuthaza ukuthathwa kwazo kumazwe asakhasa. Urhulumente uyaqonda ngakumbi ukuba izibonelelo zamanani ezinjengenkqubo zokuchaza amanani, ukuhlawula amaqonga, kunye nezicwangciso zokutshintshisana ngogcino-lwazi kufuneka zinikezelwe njengezinto zikawonke wonke kunye nokhuphiswano oluvalelwe kwiinkqubo ze-propietary.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Kwilungiselelo Loluntu Lokunceda

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene icacisa indlela ingcamango yempahla kawonke-wonke eguqulela ngayo ekusetyenzisweni kwakunye nemeko ezenza ukuba ilungiselelo libe luncedo.

Inkcitho yezonyango yehlabathi eKhanada

Inkqubo ye-Medicare e-Canada ibonelela ekufumaneni konyango oluxhaswayo ekuhleni; iinkonzo zithe zaphikiswa ngokuchasene nazo zonke abemi abahlala kuzo ezisekelwe kwimfuno yezamayeza kunokuba zikwazi ukuhlawula. Le nkqubo ixhaswa ngerhafu jikelele nangemali ehlawulwayo yephondo, urhulumente esebenza njengomhlawuleli omnye kwiinkonzo eziyimfuneko. Inkcitho yempilo eKhanada asiyonto intle yoluntu kwingqiqo engqongqo yezoqoqosho; iinkonzo zithenjiswa ii-ethelekelelo kwaye zinokwenziwa zingabikho ngokufihlakeleyo. Noko ke, inkqubo isebenzisa impilo njengomsebenzi olungileyo kawonke, isusa imiqobo yemali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwehlabathi lonke. Indlela yokusebenza yezonyango ekwaziyo ukubonelela izinto ngokobuqu ukufikelela kwiinjongo ezikhoyo.

Imfundo Kawonke - wonke EFinland

Inkqubo yemfundo yeFinland igqalwa ngokubanzi njengenye yezona ziphumelelayo ehlabathini, idibanisa umlinganiselo ophezulu womsebenzi kunye nezithuba ezimxinwa eziphumezayo. Imfundo eFinland iphathwa njengeluncedo kuluntu lonke: ixhaswa ngokupheleleyo, ikhululekile kuwo onke amanqanaba ukusuka kwisikolo sesikolo ukuya eyunivesithi, kwaye ilawulwa yimfundo yesizwe enezinto ezizodwa ezingundoqo. Le nkqubo igxininisa ukuba i-ethecty, inika izibonelelo ezongezelelekileyo kwizikolo ezinezabelo eziphezulu zabafundi abasweleyo. I-Finland inikela kakhulu kumgangatho womfundisi, ifuna amaqondo omnini-data kunye nokunika i-Endromagellation. Impumelelo yendlela ye-Finland icebisa ukuba ukuphatha imfundo njengendlela yoluntu entle ngokufikelela kuyo yonke indawo, ulawulo lobuchule, kunye nemali ephambili.

Uphuhliso Lwezakhiwo ESingapore

I-Singapore inikela umzekelo onyanzelisayo wokubonelela ngobuchule boluntu kwisiseko sesiseko. Indlela yokusebenzisa umhlaba wesixeko sokulungiselela, inkqubo yezindlu zikawonke-wonke, kunye nothungelwano lwezothutho ilungelelaniswe ngethuba elide, ucwangciso olubanzi. Ibhodi yeNqanawa Yophuhliso lwendawo inika abemi izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke eziphezulu ezingaphezulu kwama-80%, isenza ukuba abantu badityaniswe ngokufikelela kwizinto ezintle kunye nokuhanjiswa. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Singapore ilungiselelo elingqalileyo le-makethengi kunye nenkqubo yezoshishino, kuquka isicwangciso semali esisekwe enyanzekileyo esinceda abemi bathengi bethenga izithabazi ezithengi. Iziphumo ziquka amaqondo aphezulu abanini-mahome, asebenzayo ekusetyenzisweni kweendawo zikawonke zikawonke, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwe-omibutho likawonke-Singapore. I Singabonisa ukuba umgangatho onamandla, ucwangciso olude, ucwangciso lwexesha, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibutho yezolawulo

Ikamva Lezinto Ezintle Zikawonke - wonke Eburhulumenteni

Izinto eziliqela ziya kuyila indlela eziza kusungulwa ngayo izinto zikawonke - wonke, zilungiselelwe ngayo yaye zilawulwa ngayo kumashumi eminyaka azayo.

UTshintsho loBuChwephesha

Ubugcisa butshintsha ukusetyenziswa kwempahla engenakususwa kwaye indleko yokungabekwa mthethweni, isenokutshintsha imida phakathi kwezinto zikawonke-wonke nezizimeleyo. Izivo zamanani, uhlolo lwesatellite, uhlolo oluzenzekelayo, kunye neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwibloko zenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iimitha kunye nokulawula iimpahla ezingezozanjongo. Umzekelo, iinkqubo zombane ezenza imigwaqo ingabi nakubekwa mgangathweni ngaphandle ngaphandle, zibangela ukuba isakhiwo esingumatshini sisebenze kakuhle. Ngelixesha ezi ndlela zobugcisa zinokunyusa ulwahluzo lwempahla kunye nokuvelisa ingeniso, zikwanyusa inkxalabo malunga nokungena kwabasebenzisi bengeniso esezantsi kunye nokudala inkqubo yokufikelela kwizinto ezimbini ezidityaniweyo. Ukukhetha ukusebenzisa ukwandisa okanye ukufikelela kobugcisa obuyimfuneko kunakho

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Nolawulo

Ukulinganiselwa kwelungiselelo eliphezulu loluntu elilungileyo kuye kwakhuthaza umdla kwiindlela ezininzi zokunikela uqingqo-mali, iindibano, kunye nokugadwa koluntu kungenza uphuculo lokhetho nolwabantu bonke. Xa abemi bebandakanyeke ngokuthe ngqo ekugqibeni ukuba ziziphi izinto zikawonke wonke eziza kubekwa phambili nendlela yokuyila, iinkonzo eziphumezekayo zisoloko zilungelelaniswa kakuhle neemfuno zoluntu kwaye zixhaswe kakhulu kwezobupolitika. Amaqonga amanani anokukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiqondo elikhulu, kodwa kufuneka enzelwe ukuquka amazwi acudibene nokhuseleko olulungeleleneyo kwaye aphephe ukubanjwa zizinto ezilungelelanisiweyo. Ikamva lolawulo lukawonke wonke umntu liza kubandakanya iimodeli ezingakumbi ezidityaniswe nokuxhasa kwezentlalo kunye nolawulo lwentlalo-ntlalo.

Ukuzinziswa nokuzalwa

Ingcamango yezinto zikawonke-wonke kufuneka ziphakanyiswe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Iimpahla ezininzi ezicinezelayo zikawonke-wonke, ezifana nokuzinza kwemozulu, ugcino lwendalo, kunye nokulawulwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya, zibandakanya ixesha elide eliyabela kude ngaphaya kwemijikelo yezopolitiko. Iimpahla zikawonke-wonke zezokuba izizukulwana zangoku zithwala iindleko ngelixa izizukulwana ezizayo zifumana iingenelo. Oorhulumente abalawulwa ngedemokhrasi, abasabela ngokufanelekileyo kwizinto ezinjalo. Ubuchule obutsha bolawulo, njengabameli benzala ezinde, iimali zorhwebo, kunye nezibophelelo zomGaqo-siseko, zinokufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba izilangazelelo abahlali bexesha elizayo bafumana iinzuzo.

Ukuhlaziywa koLawulo lwehlabathi

Umahluko phakathi kwendalo yomhlaba wonke yeempahla ezininzi zikawonke-wonke kunye nesiseko solawulo lwesizwe uhlala ulucelomngeni olusemgangathweni kulwalamano lwezizwe ngenkulungwane yama-21. Ukuqinisa amaqumrhu amaninzi, ukuvelisa iindlela ezintsha zokuxhasa izinto zikawonke wonke, kunye nokuphuhlisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokunika imbopheleleko enye kubalulekile. Imithetho equka umgangatho wekharbon yomhlaba wonke, isambuku semali, isambuku semali, kunye nerhafu yerhafu yehlabathi jikelele kwintengiso yemali. Ukuphumelela kweParlentelligicletryment kwi-monet ekukhupheni iozo ezifakelwa yi-ozo ezifaksi ezifaksileyo ibonisa ukuba ilungiselelo elihle lehlabathi lonke xa kuvumelana ngokwenzululwazi, ukuthanda, kunye neenkqubo zezentengiselwano zenkqubela ezinjalo ziya kuba luxandukile kwiingxaki zehlabathi lonke ezichaza ixesha lethu.

Isiphelo: Ukuphakamisa Izinto Ezithandwa Nguwonke Wonke

Ingcamango yokulunga kukawonke-wonke asiyonto nje elula yolwazi lwezoqoqosho kodwa sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokuqonda iziseko ezidityanisiweyo zentlalo-ntle yabantu. Ukusukela kukhuseleko esilunandiphayo, kulwazi oluqhubela ekudibaniseni izinto ezintsha nezinezixhobo ezidibanisa nathi, impahla kawonke wonke ibumba elingabonakaliyo lobomi banamhlanje. Ukuqonda iimpawu zezinto zikawonke-wonke, iingxaki ezikhoyo, kunye nohlobo oluthile lwamalungiselelo olungiselelo olungiselelo abo kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyekekileyo ekulawuleni nakuwuphi na umkhamo.

Ikamva liya kufuna ukuba kubekho ubuntlola obukhulu ekucingeni ngezinto zikawonke-wonke. Njengoko ubugcisa buphinda buchaza amathuba okuzilahla, njengoko ukutshintsha kwemozulu kufuna intsebenziswano yehlabathi, kwaye njengoko abemi befuna ulawulo olungakumbi kwiinkonzo ezibumba ubomi babo, imigaqo yezinto zikawonke-wonke kufuneka ilungelelaniswe kwaye isetyenziswe ngobuchule kunye nenkathalo. Esaqhubeka singqiqo esingundoqo sokuba ezinye izinto zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba zishiywe nje kuphela emarikeni, kwaye ezinye iinzuzo zixhaswe kakhulu ukuba zixhaswe ngokutshintshisana ngokuzithandela. Okulungileyo, kokubini kwezoqoqosho nokuziphethe, kufuna ukuba kwenziwe kunye, ukucaciswa nge-demo-demokhrasi, kunye nokuzimisela ukufikelela kwizinto ezikhoyo nakubantu nakuzo zonke izizukulwana. Oko kungumngeni oqhubekayo kwaye kungumngeni wokuzilawula.