Ulwalamano phakathi kwamalungelo abantu kunye nobulungisa bentlalo lungummandla obalulekileyo wophando olubalaselisa umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulingana nokusesikweni kwibutho labantu. Ukuqonda olu lwalamano kunceda izikhondo apho amaqela aphantsi afuna ukunconywa, amalungelo, kunye nobuncwane. Ngoxa intsebenziswano yamalungelo abantu ngokwembali iye yajolise iliso kukhuseleko olusemthethweni kunye nezingezozozozo ezobugqwetha, amanyathelo okusesikweni asekuhlaleni amkela ilebhunga kakhulu, ukuchaza ukungalingani kwesixokelelwano senkqubo enqamlezileyo kwezoqoqosho, imekobume, nenkcubeko. Eli nqaku landisiweyo lihlola unxibelelwano olunzulu phakathi kwala mandla amabini anamandla, ukuvavanyanisa iinjongo zawo, iinjongo ezingokwembali, kunye namaqhinga aqhubeka elungele ukulwa kwehlabathi elilungileyo.

Imbali Yamalungelo Abemi

Umbutho wamalungelo abantu wale mihla eUnited States wavela phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20 njengomzamo odibeneyo wokuphelisa ucalucalulo olusemthethweni nokhuseleko lokuphathwa ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho wama-Afrika. Usekelwe kwimigaqo yeSigqibo se-14 kunye nesithembiso esibanzi sokusekwa kweMerika, abaxhasi basebenzisa udibaniso loqhankqalazo, olungenabundlobongela, kunye nocwangciso lwezopolitiko ukucel ’ umngeni amashumi eminyaka obuhlanga obuzinziswe ngamaqumrhu.

Iziganeko eziphambili nomthetho waphawula eli xesha, ukuphucula indlela amalungelo abantu amele amele ahlalwe ngayo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Ezi ziganeko zibalulekileyo azizange zenzeke kwi-athom. Zaye zingumphumo wokulungiselelwa kwamashumi eminyaka, ukusuka kwiMontgomery Bus Boycott ukuya kuSelma ukuya kuhambo lweMontgomery. Iinkokeli ezifana noMartin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, noJohn Lewis zabonisa i-intengiso yokuziphatha, kodwa iishologu kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni engathethekiyo yasekuhlaleni, quka i NAACP, iNgqungquthela yaMaza aMazantsi ebuKristu (SCLC), kunye neSlay Nonbodinabibitinga Codinating Comminiting Com Com Comcieting Committee Committee Komiti (SCC).

Ukuqonda Okusesikweni Kwentlalo Kuyaqala

Nangona amalungelo asekuhlaleni exhalabele kakhulu ukulingana okusemthethweni nokukhuselwa ngabantu ngabanye, amanyathelo okusesikweni aquka uludwe olubanzi lwemigudu ejoliswe ekulungiseni ukungalingani kwenkqubo elungelelani kwiindidi ezininzi, kuquka ubuhlanga, ubufanasini, imbonakalo yesini, imeko yezoqoqosho, kunye neziphene. Inkcubeko entlalo ayifuni nje kuphela ukungabikho kocalucalulo kodwa ifuna ukubakho kobuncwane, amathuba, namalungelo afanelekileyo kwibutho labantu.

Ezi zinyathelo zisoloko zidibene nentsebenziswano yamalungelo abantu, zikhuthaza imfuneko yokutshintsha okubanzi. Umsebenzi wezentlalo wentlalo wanamhlanje uphakanyiswe ngokunzulu ziingcamango ezifana nokudibana kwenqanawa/igama eliqatshelwe nguMngqqr-ogxam Kimberlé Crenshaw ukuchaza indlela yokusebenzisana kwe-OF (umz., uhlanga kunye nobufana) okubangela ngayo ingcinezelo. Isiseko sobulungisa bentlalo sisetyenziswa ngaphaya kommandla omninzi.

  • Ucwangciso lwe-commony kunye nolawulo — Amaqela akhuthaza iiroot asekuhlaleni ukuba afune iinguqu zobupolitika, ukusuka kwizindlu ezinokufikeleleka ukuya kutshintsho lwamapolisa.
  • Imfundo kunye namaphulo okuphaphamisa — Abaxhasi abangeyonzuzo namalungu asebenzisa amajelo eendaba, iiklasi, kunye namaqumrhu kawonke wonke ukuphakamisa inkcaso ngemibandela efana nokuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi, ubuhlanga obusingqongileyo kunye namalungelo eLGBTQ.
  • Imigudu yolungiso lobupolisa — ILobbing, igalelo, kunye nomthetho wolawulo ujolise ekutshintsheni imithetho ekhuthaza ukungalingani, njengaleyo ilawula ukufikelela ekuvoteni, umvuzo oncitshiweyo, kunye nobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukuhlola okunzulu kwemimiselo yentlalo yobulungisa, Izixhobo zokuchaza intelekelelo [[FLT: 1] inika iinkcukacha kunye nobuncwane.

Umahluko Phakathi Kwamalungelo Abantu Nobulungisa

Nangona amalungelo abantu egxininisa ekukhuseleni ngokwasemthethweni nasekulinganani phantsi komthetho, amanyathelo okulungisa intlalo athetha ngemibandela ebanzi echaphazela imimandla ephantsi kwemigangatho. Oku kuboniswayo kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela intsebenziswano eziguquka ngayo nezilungelelaniswa ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Indlela yokulawula amalungelo abantu isenokufuna ukuba umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho upheliswe; ukusetyenziswa kokusesikweni kwezentlalo kuya kuhlola ukwahlukana kwezoqoqosho, imfundo, kunye nezempilo okuqhubeka nasemva kokuguquka kwemithetho.

Usukelo Neenjongo Zokwabelana

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokulwela amalungelo abantu nokusesikweni kwezentlalo izabalazela ukufikelela usukelo olufanayo, kuquka:

  • ufikelelo olungenasiphelo kwimithombo — lubonisa ukuba imfundo entle, ukhathalelo lwempilo, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nomsebenzi zikhona kubo bonke, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi.
  • Ukhuseleko nxamnye nocalulo — imithetho yokugunyazisa kunye nemigaqo ethintela ukuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni okusekelwe kwiimpawu zobuntu.
  • Ulawulo lwamazwi acuthiweyo — Luchaza ukhokelo kunye neembono zalowo uchaphazelekayo kukungalungi kobulungisa kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo.

Imigudu Entsonkothileyo

Imigudu ekhuthaziweyo phakathi kwemibutho yamalungelo abantu kunye namaqela alawula intlalo eeNtlalo engabantu ingakhokelela kwiimpembelelo ezibaluleke ngakumbi. Ngokusebenza kunye, la maqumrhu anokukwazi ukuxhathisa amandla awo ukucombulula iingxaki zentlalo-ntle. Ngokomzekelo, i-Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) idla ngokusebenzisana nemibutho elawula intlalo-ntle yohlanga ukucel ’ umngeni imithetho ethotywayo, ngoxa imanyano yamaqela amalungelo abasebenzi kunye namaqela arhwebiweyo iphucula iimeko zokusebenza kwabasebenzi abangasetyenziswanga.

Umzekelo ophawulekayo nguwo owakheke ngokujikeleze umbutho weR1,5 yeerandi, eyadibanisa abasebenzi abakhawulezileyo bokutya, imibutho yamalungelo abantu njengeNAACP, kunye nemithetho yentlalo exhasa ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, "ukuqhawulwa kwamalungelo asekuhlaleni) kunye nobulungisa bentlalo (umvuzo ofanelekileyo njengombandela wesidima somntu).

Uphando lwemeko lokwehla komda

Uhlolisiso olungqalileyo lwetyala lusenza siqonde indlela amalungelo abantu afana ngayo nendlela okusesikweni okuchaphazelana ngayo nokuchaphazelana.

  • I-Black Lives Matter Movement — yasungulwa ngo-2013 emva kokugwetywa kukaGeorge Zimmerman, i-BLM yaqalisa njengesicelo sokuphelisa ugonyamelo lwamapolisa nxamnye nama-Mlack America. Yanwenwa ngokukhawuleza ukunyanzela utshintsho olubanzi lobulungisa, kuquka ukuhlaziywa kwamapolisa, ukuveliswa kweminye imiba, kunye nokuthetha ngokugqwetha kwezoqoqosho kunye nezempilo. I-BLM (ngokuphinda ikhuselwa phantsi komthetho) kunye nobulungisa bentlalo-ntle (ubuhlanga obukwinkqubo ye-Proma, izakhiwo, nemfundo).
  • Iqela lamabhinqa — liqaliswe ngo-2017, uMatshi waMakazi wahlanganisa izigidi zabantu ukuze zixhase ubufanasini, amalungelo okuzala, kunye nokugweba kobuhlanga. Intshukumo ichaza ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wayo ngelens yokuvula izithuba, iqonda ukuba amava amabhinqa aloyiswe luhlanga, udidi, imbonakalo yesondo, kunye nesiphene. Oku kubandakanya imirhumo yamalungelo abantu (umz., umvuzo olinganayo, nosukelo olubanzi lwentlalo-ntle (umz., ikhefuwo yabazali, inkqele yempilo yehlabathi).
  • Imibutho yamalungelo esizwe — ukusuka kwi-Dakota Accouness Pipeline eqhubekayo yamadabi olawulo lwesizwe, i-Ivoric idibanisa amalungelo asekuhlaleni (amalungelo oluntu, ukuzixhasa) nokusesikweni kwemekobume kunye nezoqoqosho. Umlo wamanzi acocekileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwelizwe awudityaniswanga kumlo wokuzinzisa izithethe kunye nemicimbi yezobupolitika.

Ucelomngeni Olujamelene Neentshukumo

Phezu kwazo nje iinjongo ezahlulwayo, amanyathelo okulawula amalungelo abantu nokusesikweni ajamelana nocelomngeni oluninzi olunokucotha nelokumanyanisa.

  • ukuxhathisa kobuzwe — abameli boRhulumente, iinkundla, kunye nezilangazelelo zezobupolitika eziqinileyo zisoloko zingavumi ukuguquka, kwanaxa imithetho isezincwadini. Umzekelo, emva koMthetho wamaLungelo, imimandla emininzi yafumana iindlela ezintsha zokuthintela amavoti amancinane, ezikhokelela kwiSizwe seNkundla ePhakamileyo seShelby County v. hoder (2013) isigqibo esithe saphazamisa amalungiselelo angundoqo.
  • Ukubekwa kwemiqathango — Imibutho enika izihlunu ezingcambu idla ngokusebenzisa uqingqo-mali lwemitya yezihlangu, ikhuphisana ngemirhumo neminikelo xa ijongene nokudinwa phakathi kwabaxhasi. Amaqela amakhulu, akhuphiswano olulungileyo angawaxhobisa kwimirhumo nakumaziko eendaba.
  • ingqiqo ekholisayo kunye nenkohliso — Imbutho zisoloko zichazwa kakubi kumajelo eendaba okanye zihlaselwa ngamaphulo okungahambisani nolwazi. Izityholo “zobuhlanga obugqwethekileyo,”“ ezigqugqisa amapolisa,” okanye “ingcamango egxeka ugqatso lohlanga” zingenza uluvo lukawonke-wonke-wonke kwaye zenza inkqubo itshintshe kakhulu.

Kuhlalutyo logcino-lwazi olunemingeni, Iziko lophando lwamashumi amabini aneshumi elinesibini lamawaka asibhozo linikela ingxelo ye-equation ibalaselisa isimo sengqondo sikawonke-wonke esitshintshayo.

Ubuchule Bokuphumelela

Ukuyoyisa le mingeni, intshukumo ingasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ezilungiselelwe isithethe kunye nezixhobo zale mihla.

  • Ukwakha imibutho eyahlukeneyo kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo — ukudibanisa amalungelo abantu, imozulu, ubulungisa, ukusebenza, kunye neLGBTQ + amaqela adala ilizwi elomeleleyo. ICammission yaMahlwempu, yavuselelwa ngo-2018, ngumzekelo wesakhiwo semibutho emininzi edityanisiweyo esithetha ngobuhlwempu kunye nobuhlanga.
  • [[NTL: 0] Isebenzisa amaqonga amanani okukhupha — i-media yentlalo, ukuthunga-thunga, kunye nezicelo zengingqi ze-intanethi yenza ukuqokelelwa nokukhutshelwa ngokukhawuleza. I-Hashtags njenge #EKDELivesMatter, # Metoo, kunye #Stew HerName iqhube uluvo lwehlabathi lonke. Noko ke, i-millicism kufuneka idifice idityaniswe kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokusebenza ngaphandle komsebenzi ukuze iqhubeke.
  • Ukuqokelela iingcambu ukulungelelanisa — ukunkqonkqoza ngeminyango, iiholo zedolophu, neentlanganiso zoluntu kusebalulekile ekwakheni ukuthembana kunye nokhokelo lwasekuhlaleni. Amaphulo aphumelelayo, afana noMbutho weBlack Lives, udibanisa iintetho zesizwe kunye nomanyano olunzulu lwasekuhlaleni.

Indima Yemfundo Ekukhuthazeni Okusesikweni

Imfundo inendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni amalungelo abantu nokusesikweni kwentlalo. Ngokukhuthaza ukuqonda nokuqonda, amanyathelo okufundisa anokunika abantu amandla okuxhasa utshintsho. Izikolo neeyunivesithi aziyondawo nje yokufunda imbali, kwaye zikhuthaza imilinganiselo yesizukulwana esilandelayo.

Uphuhliso lweCurricuum

Inkqubela-phambili equka iimbono ezahlukeneyo nembali inganceda abafundi baqonde ubuntsonkotha bamalungelo abantu kunye nokusesikweni kwentlalo. Ukufundisa imbali epheleleyo yombutho wamalungelo abantu .Kuquka iimfuno zezoqoqosho ezithe kratya zeMatshi eWashington, indima yeenkokeli zamabhinqa, kunye neengxaki eziqhubekayo `ukunceda abafundi babone ukuba umsebenzi awugqitywanga. Ngokufanayo, ukubandakanya izifundo zobuhlanga, LGBTQ+ imbali, kunye nokulungisa imekobume kwiK-12 selish.

Noko ke, imigudu enjalo ijamelana nenkcaso yezobupolitika. Iingxoxo ezimalunga “nengcamango yobuhlanga ejolise ekujoliseni ingxubevange phakathi kwabo bafuna uqikelelo olunyanisekileyo nokungalingani kwenkqubo kunye nabo bayijonga njengeemfundiso eziyahlulayo. Phezu kwayo nje impikiswano, uphando lubonisa ukuba izifundo zasemva kwemfundo ziphucula iziphumo zemfundo kwaye zinciphisa ikhethe. Iintlangano ezifana Ukufundiswa kweJaji [[FLT: 1] [ukunyamezelana ngokunyanisekileyo]

Iinkqubo zobandakanyeko loLuntu

Iinkqubo zokuganana zoluntu zingavala umsantsa phakathi kwamaziko emfundo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nokusebenza. Imizekelo iquka umanyano lwemfundo exhasa uphando lwaseyunivesithi, ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zolutsha, namaphulo emfundo kubantu abadala amalungelo abantu. Uphando lweHighlander kunye neSiko lemfundo eTennessee, isiseko soqeqesho lwamalungelo abantu, siyaqhubeka sikhuthaza iziko lokusebenzela ukulungelelanisa uluntu kunye nedemokhrasi yokwabelana.

Ulwalathiso Lwexesha Elizayo Lwamalungelo Asekuhlaleni Nobulungisa Bentlalo

Njengokuba ibutho liqhubeka liguquka, kufuneka ubuchule kunye nokugxininisa kwamalungelo abantu kunye nomthetho wentlalo. Ucelomngeni lwenkulungwane yama-21 lufuna iimpendulo ezintsha ezingaphaya kwezakhiwo zexesha elidluleyo.

  • Imeko-bume edityanisiweyo — utshintsho lwemozulu lwenza umonakalo omkhulu kuluntu olufumana intlawulo ephantsi kunye nabantu abanombala. Intshukumo zexesha elizayo ziza kudibanisa ukhuseleko lwemeko-bume namalungelo asekuhlaleni, zifuna ukufikelela okulinganayo kumoya ococekileyo, amanzi, kunye nemisebenzi eluhlaza. Ingqiqo “yotshintsho oluqhelekileyo” iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi kunye noluntu abaxhomekeke kwizinto zeaflic zopheracture azishiywanga ngasemva.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwe-astruction yezoqoqosho — Ngoxa ukulingana okusemthethweni kuhambele phambili, ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kunyukile. Umahluko phakathi kwezityebi nabo bonke abanye uneziphumo ezinzulu zokuhlala, ukunyamekela impilo, imfundo, kunye namandla ezobupolitika. Amanyathelo exesha elizayo angabeka phambili kwingeniso esisiseko, ukurhoxa, kunye nokuphinda iziphumo zokungabikho kokusesikweni kwembali.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwamalungelo amanani kunye nokhuseleko lwezobucala — Njengokuba ubugcisa bokuhlola, ucalucalulo lwemithetho-siseko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi kusiba nzulu, amalungelo asekuhlaleni kunye nokusesikweni kwentlalo kufuneka kwandise inkxalabo yazo kummandla wamanani. Iimpikiswano ezifana nokuvalwa komsebenzi wobuso, ubundilele benethi, kwanamalungelo amele alityalwa andalele ukulingana kwisizukulwana solwazi.

Xa ujonga ubunzulu obuphakathi kudityaniso lobugcisa namalungelo asekuhlaleni, inika ubuncwane obuninzi kwimfihlo yamanani nakuboniso lwasimahla.

Isiphelo

Ulwalamano phakathi kwamalungelo abantu kunye nobulungisa bentlalo luyindawo echukumisekeyo negqwethayo. Ngokuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo izinto, singayiqonda bhetele imigudu eqhubekayo yokufumana ukulingana nokusesikweni kubo bonke abantu. Amalungelo amakhaya anika isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sokulingana komntu ngamnye phambi komthetho. Isigwebo soluntu sakhela kweso siseko, sinyanzelisa ukuba ukulingana kube yinto yokwenene, hayi nje esesikweni, kwaye iinkqubo zibumba ubomi bethu .

Inkqubela-phambili ephumelelayo iyaqonda ukuba ezi ndlela zimbini azikhuphi kodwa ziyaphelelisa. Zisebenzisa ukucaca kwamalungelo abantu ngexesha sisebenzisa uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yokusesikweni kwentlalo. Njengoko sijongene nocelomngeni olutsha kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka, izifundo zexesha elidluleyo zisikhumbuza ukuba inkqubela ayisayi kuqinisekiswa, kufuneka ilwelwe, kwaye iqhubeke yandiswa.