Urhulumente wesizwe wase-United States lilungiselelo elintsonkothileyo elinikwe iimbopheleleko ezininzi ezibumba ubomi babemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-330 yaye liphembelela imicimbi yehlabathi. Ngokungafaniyo norhulumente okanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, abasingatha imicimbi yoluntu enjengeyokuba negunya, ukubopha, nemfundo esisiseko, urhulumente wesizwe ubekwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo yokusingatha imibandela edibene nemigca yesizwe, ifuna ubuchule obumanyeneyo bomhlaba, okanye ibandakanya ulwalamano lwamazwe asemzini. La magunya awathanga siseko; akhankanyiwe ngokucacileyo kwi-mfa yomthetho we-U. Ukuqonda ububanzi nobunzulu bemisebenzi efuna ukuba abe ngummi ochaziweyo. Eli nqaku lilungiselela uphandoqoko-o-ngo-onke lwe-orhulumente &x277; ii-okanye iimbopheleleko zawo, ii-okstmossionations, ii-othmest processsss, kunye neengxoxo eziqhubekayo.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko samandla oManyano

Ukuze aqonde iimbopheleleko zikarhulumente wezwe lonke, kuqala kufuneka akhangele kwisiseko sawo esisemthethweni: umGaqo-siseko waseUnited States. Abaququzeleli badala inkqubo yorhulumente, eyahlula-hlula amandla phakathi korhulumente wesizwe norhulumente wesizwe. Imisebenzi ekhethekileyo enikwe isebe lesizwe iyaziwa njengamagunya adweliswe ngokwecandelo, afunyanwa ngokuyintloko kwiGatya I, iCandelo 8. La magunya aquka ukuveliswa kwemali, ukulawulwa kwezoshishino, ukukhuthaza imfazwe, ukumiswa nokuxhasa imikhosi, nokusekwa kweeofisi zeposi.

Ngaphezu kwale misebenzi icacileyo, i-Inict and Theological Classias (eyaziwa nangokuthi yiEllastic Claus) inika iBhunga-mbutho igunya lokwenza imithetho efunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe amandla ayo adwelisweyo. Eli binzana liye laba sisiseko somGaqo-siseko soluhlu oluninzi lwemisebenzi karhulumente, ukusuka ekumiseleni ibhanki yesizwe ukuseka umlinganiselo omncinane wentlawulo nolawulo lwenqwelo-moya. Ulawulo lweshumi loMdalelo lucacisa ngakumbi olukhoyo ngokunganikwangagunyaziswanga gunya le mithetho eUnited States okanye ekwalelweyo kumaphondo, ngokweenkqulukwano, okanye kubantu. Olu xinelo luqhubekayo phakathi kwegunya nolawulo lorhulumente lorhulumente luchaza ngamandla ulawulo lwe-Melika. [[FLT:] i-Clititutive [F]

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuselo nokhuseleko lwesizwe

Mhlawumbi eyona mbopheleleko ingundoqo yayo nawuphi na urhulumente wesizwe kukukhusela imida yakhe nokhuseleko lwabantu bakhe. Urhulumente wengingqi unegunya elipheleleyo lokulwa imfazwe nokugcina umkhosi, umahluko omkhulu kumandla alinganiselweyo okuzikhusela amazwe. Le mbopheleleko ingaphezulu lee kunokugcina imikhosi; ibandakanya ushishino lwehlabathi lonke, uphuhliso lobugcisa, kunye nocwangciso oluntsonkothileyo lwezobugcisa.

Ukwakhiwa kweSebe loKhuselo

ISebe Lokhuselo (DoD) lingumqeshi omkhulu ehlabathini, uvelela izigidi zamalungu enkonzo esebenzayo, abasebenzi abasebenza ngokutsha, abasebenzi abasebenza ngokutsha. Ilungelelaniswe kumasebe omkhosi: umkhosi, umkhosi wamanzi, umkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi wamanzi, umkhosi wamanzi, kunye noMkhosi weSixeko weSixeko osandul' ukusekwa. Isebe ngalinye linomsebenzi ohlukileyo. Umkhosi ugxininisa kwimisebenzi esekelwe emhlabeni, uMkhosi uqinisekisa inkululeko yolwandle, uMoya ulawula isibhakabhaka kunye nesithuba, kwaye i-Marine Corps isebenza njengomkhosi wemfazwe. IDoD ikwalawula uthungelwano olukhulu lwezikomfashoni ephantsi emhlabeni wonke, iqinisekisa ubukhokho belizwe elinotshaba kunye namazwanomelwane.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Kuqingqo-mali Nokhuphiswano Olucwangcisiweyo

Uqingqo-mali lwezokhuselo lumela eyona nxalenye inkulu yokusebenzisa imali echongiweyo karhulumente. Le mali ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemali enzima phakathi kwamaxabiso abasebenzi (imali, indlu, ukunyamekela impilo), ukulungiselela (ukuqeqesha nokuzilolonga), kunye nokuzinzisa okungoku (inqwelo-moya entsha, iinqanawa, kunye nezixhobo zemfazwe). Kwinkqubano yokhuphiswano olucwangcisiweyo namazwe afana neTshayina neRashiya, ukugxininiswa kakhulu kubugcisa obuhambele phambili obunje ngezijungqele zezixhobo zokhuseleko zesizwe, ubukrelekrele obungalinganiyo, kunye ne-quanummation. Ingxoxo engokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zomkhosi isoloko isekelwe ekusebenzeni kakuhle, impembelelo yentlungelo oluntsonko, kunye nolungelelwano oluntsonko phakathi kokhuseleko nolawulo lwesizwe kunye nolawulo lwesizwe.

Ukhuseleko Nengqiqo Zasemakhaya

Emva kokuhlaselwa ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, urhulumente wesizwe waphinda walungelelaniswa, wadala iSebe loKhuseleko lwaseHomeland (DHS). I-DHS isebenza ngokukhusela iintlaselo zabanqolobi eUnited States, ikhusela ilizwe i' isithintela, kwaye ilawula intlekele ngeFederal Emergency Management Management Agency (FEMA). IQumgamgamgamshela-Manyane leNtengo, kuquka iCIA neFBI, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneni izisongelo ezikhoyo ngaphambi kokuba zingene, ifuna ukulungelelana okuqhubekayo phakathi kokhuseleko nokhuseleko nenkululeko yabemi.

Ukulawula Izoqoqosho Lwesizwe Nezemali Zehlabathi

Impilo yezoqoqosho yesizwe iphenjelelwa kakhulu zizenzo zikarhulumente wesizwe. Iimbopheleleko zayo kulo mmandla zinkulu, ziquka inkqubo yemali, inkqubo yemali, ulawulo lwemali, norhwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe. Injongo kukukhuthaza imeko-bume ebangela ulwando, uzinzo, kunye nempumelelo ebanzi.

Umgaqo - siseko Wemali: Amandla Okuthenga

IBhunga libamba amandla esipaji, okuthetha ukuba lilawula ukusetyenziswa kwemali nerhafu kurhulumente. Inkqubo yeFiscal ibandakanya ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukuphembelela uqoqosho. Urhulumente anganciphisa iirhafu ukuze akhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwabathengi ngexesha loqoqosho okanye andise ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ukuze ayile imisebenzi. Ngokuchasene noko, iyakwazi ukunyusa iirhafu nokunciphisa imali echithwayo ukuze kuncitshiswe uqoqosho nokunqanda ukunyuka komgangatho woqoqosho kunye nokuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwemali yemali yemali kazwelonke kunye netyala lesizwe elibangelwa yingxoxo enkulu yezopolitiko, kunye ne- ye-Romatical Uhlalo Office yoHlukelo-Hlunt [[]

Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Monetary: Indima yeFederal Reserve

Ngeli xesha iKhomishini ilawula inkqubo ye-fiscal, inkqubo yemali inikwe kakhulu inkqubo yeNkqubo yeFederal Reserve (iFade), umbutho ozimeleyo wezwe. Izixhobo ezisisiseko zimisela imali karhulumente (isantya senzala ebolekisa ngayo iibhanki) kunye nokuqhuba imisebenzi yokuthengisa. Igunyazisa okubini kukukhuthaza ukuqeshwa komsebenzi ophezulu nokuzinzisa amaxabiso (ukulawula ukunyuka komgangatho). Ngokunyusa inzala, iFed yenza ukuboleka okuxabisa okuthe kratya, okunokuthi kuthobe uqoqosho nokunciphisa ukunyuka koqoqosho. Ngokukhuthaza ukuboleka nokutyalwa kwemali nokunyusa umthamo.

Ukulawula Urhwebo Nemali

I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) inyanzelisa imithetho elwa noqoqosho ethintela imicimbi yemali ekhoyo kunye ne-ICC. Amasebe omanyano afana ne-Secturalies kunye neKhomishoni (se-Exchange) alawula iimarike zamashishini ukukhusela abanikeli bemali ekuqhatha. Le mithetho yokuthintela i-odola yoovimba ukuze kuthintelwe ulawulo kunye nokukhuphisana. IKhomishini yeFederal Deposit Inshuwarectory Corporation (FAC) iqinisekisa ukugcinwa kweebhanki, ibhanki eqhuba nokugcina intembelo yoluntu kwinkqubo yemali. Le mibutho yolawulo iyimfuneko ekuthinteleni imicimbi yezoqoqosho nokuqinisekisa ukuba iimarikethike esebenzayo.

Urhwebo Nezoqoqosho Lwamazwe Ngamazwe

Urhulumente wesizwe unegunya elipheleleyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo yamanye amazwe. Oku kubandakanya ukuxoxa ngezivumelwano zorhwebo, ukubeka imithetho enzima, nokucombulula iingxabano ngemibutho enjengeWorld Trade Organization (WTO). Inkqubo yorhwebo sisixhobo esinamandla sonxibelelwano lwezoqoqosho, esisetyenziselwa ukuvula iimarike zangaphandle zezorhwebo kumaMerika athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukukhusela ushishino lwasekhaya kukhuphiswano olungekho sesikweni, nokuphuhlisa iinjongo zamazwe angaphandle. Ukuphembelela imisebenzi yamakhaya kuntsonkothile, kodwa kunganyusa amaxabiso abathengi nokuxhobisa amaqabane orhwebo. Ulawulo oluphumelelayo lwezorhwebo lufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kweminxeba yokuzinzo yehlabathi lonke nokungenelwa korhwebo.

Ukulungiselela iNtlalo-ntle neMpilo yoLuntu

Ukususela kwiNew Debate Ages yee-1930, urhulumente wengingqi uye waba nendima ephambili engakumbi ekulungiseleleni intlalo-ntle kubemi bakhe. Ezi nkqubo zijolise ekukhuseleni abantu ababuthathaka, ekunciphiseni ubuhlwempu, nasekukhuthazeni ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho. Intlalo-ntle yentlalo yenye yezona ndawo zikhulu nezona zidityanisiweyo zemali karhulumente.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nokhuseleko Lomhlala - phantsi

Inkqubo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo-ntle yeyona nkqubo inkulu karhulumente kunye nesiseko sokhuseleko lomhlala-phantsi kuninzi lwamaMelika. Inkcitho ngerhafu ehlawulwayo, inika ingeniso eqinisekisiweyo kubahlali-mali abathatha umhlala-phantsi, abasebenzi abakhubazekileyo, kunye nabaxhomekeke kubo. Le nkqubo ijongene neengxaki zemali ezinde ngenxa yokwaluphala kwabemi kunye nokutshintsha kwamanani abantu, ukuxhobisa iingxoxo zokungakhutshwa kweenguqu ezinjengokunyusa ixesha lokuthatha umhlala phantsi okanye ukuhlengahlenga-hlengisa indlela eyingenelo. Ulawulo lokhuseleko lokhuseleko olungumqobo lulawula le nkqubo entsokothile.

Inkqubo yonyango: iMedicare, iMedicaid kunye neACA

Urhulumente wesizwe udlala indima ephambili kwinkqubo yonyango lwaseMerika. IMedicare inika i-inshorensi yempilo ngokuyintloko kwabo baneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu. IMedicaid, inkqubo edityanisiweyo yephondo, igqubuthela abantu ngabanye abahlawulwa imali ephantsi kunye neentsapho. IAffordible Care Act (ACA) ikhutshelwe kakhulu ngeentengiso nangenkxaso-mali. Ezi nkqubo ziphucule ngokuphawulekayo ekufumanekeni kwempilo kodwa zikwamela inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoqingqo-mali yesizwe, inika ingxubusho eqhubekayo malunga nexabiso, indima ye-inshorensilensi yobuqu, kunye nokuphumelela kwenkqubo yezonyango.

Imali Nenkxaso Yokutya

Kwiintsapho ezijongene neengxaki zemali, urhulumente wasekuhlaleni unika iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoncedo. ISomeral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP) inika uncedo lokutya kwizigidi zeentsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi. Inkqubo yexeshana yeNkundla yeentsapho ezisweleyo inika uncedo lwemali kunye namathuba okusebenza. Abaxhasi banceda iintsapho ukuba zikwazi ukuthenga indawo yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo. Ukuphumelela kwezi nkqubo kusoloko kuqwalaselwa, ngengxoxo esekelwe kwiziphumo zazo ekuncipheni kobuhlwempu, izikhuthazo zomsebenzi, kunye nesidima sabamkeli.

Ukukhusela Imekobume Namazwe Kawonke - wonke

Imbopheleleko yokukhusela uhlanga i' oovimba bendalo kunye nokulawula amazwe alo karhulumente urhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba iingxaki zemekobume efana nomoya nongcoliso lwamanzi zingawuhloneli urhulumente, indlela yokufikelela imfuno yesizwe isoloko iyimfuneko. Urhulumente worhulumente usebenza njengegosa leendawo ezinkulu zendalo kunye nomlawuli womgangatho wemekobume.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo solawulo: IEPA noMthetho ongundoqo

I-Ndevironmental Protection Agency (EPA) ngumbutho ophambili karhulumente ojoliswe ekulawuleni ungcoliso. Inyanzelisa imithetho yengqalelo enjenge-Celeoc Air Act kunye noMthetho we-Ceac Water. [[FLT: 0]] EPA imisela umgangatho wesizwe womgangatho womoya nomgangatho wamanzi, ulawula ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma enengozi, kwaye ijonge ukuhlanjululwa kwendawo ezingcolisweyo.

Ukulawula Amandla Nokutshintsha Kwemozulu

Urhulumente wezwe uphembelela ulawulo lwelizwe i' uphembelela amandla ngemigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza okanye edimaza imithombo yamandla ehlukeneyo. ISebe leManzi lixhasa uphando kwizinto zelahleko, amandla enyukliya, kunye nemithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukulungisa imozulu kuye kwaba ngumqhubi oyintloko wenkqubo yombane, ngentshukumisa yorhulumente yezithuthi zombane, yomoya namandla emithathubeni. Ingxoxo emalunga nenkqubo yotshintsho lwamandla, ikharbon, kunye nendima ye-United States kwizivumelwano zemozulu yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukulawula iZiko leSizwe

Urhulumente wengingqi ulawula umhlaba omalunga nezigidi ezingama-640, ngokuyintloko kumaphondo asentshona. Inkonzo ye- yesizwe ye-parkel igcina ubuncwane bemifanekiso yendalo nenkcubeko ukuze abantu bayinandiphe. Inkonzo ye-Foctal ilawula amahlathi esizwe ngemisebenzi emininzi, kuquka ukuzonwabisa, amaplanga, kunye nokutyalwa. I-ofisi yoLawulo lwezwe ijonge umgangatho omkhulu weendawo kunye nentlango. Ukulondolozwa, ukufumaneka koowonke-wonke (ukuqhaqhotha, ukuga, ukuga, ukugawula) kusoloko kungucelomngeni oluqhubekayo noludlayo.

Ukwakha Nokuxhasa Izakhiwo Zesizwe

Umthetho ungundoqo woqoqosho, kwaye urhulumente wengingqi udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni nasekulungisweni kwawo. Ukusuka kwinkqubo yendlela yohola-ndlela ephakathi ukuya kwi-intanethi, ukuveliswa kwemali nomthetho wezwe kunceda ukuhamba kwezinto, abantu, nolwazi.

Iinethwekhi zezothutho

Urhulumente wezwe, ngokuyintloko ngeSebe lezothutho, unikela imali eninzi kwilizwe i' iinkqubo zokuthutha. Ukwenziwa kwenkqubo ye- Interstate Steptate Highway kwinkqubo yolawulo kuma-1950 kuguqule urhwebo kunye nohambo. Namhlanje, urhulumente unika imali yokulungisa nokunyusa iindlela zobugcisa, iibhulorho, iinkqubo zokuthutha, kunye neziporo. I-Federal Aviation Administration Administration (FA) ilawula ulawulo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwenqwelo-moya.

Uqeqesho lwamanani nonxibelelwano

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, unikezelo lwe-Internet ye-bandic luye lwaba lilungu elibalulekileyo lezibonelelo. IKhomishini yoNxibelelwano loThungelwano (FCC) ilawula ushishino, uonomathotholo, umabonwakude, ucingo, itellite, kunye nentsontelo yentsimbi. Ugxininiso olukhulu lwenkqubo yesiseko soncedo lwamasebe namhlanje lusahlula amanani ngokwandisa ufikelelo lwamaphandle nakumaphandle. Oku kujongwa njengokuyimfuneko kwithuba lezoqoqosho, imfundo, kunye nezonyango kule mihla.

Umgaqo-nkqubo Wasemzini, Okusesikweni, Neminye Imisebenzi

Ngapha koko kuchazwe ngasentla, urhulumente wesizwe wenza uludwe oluninzi lwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo eziphantsi kolawulo lwawo olukhethekileyo okanye olwabelanayo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo odityanisiweyo nowasemzini

UMongameli lilizwe i' umlawuli oyintloko, kunye neSebe leRhulumente liphumeza ilizwe i' iinjongo zomgaqo-siseko wamanye amazwe. Oku kuquka ukulawula ulwalamano namanye amazwe, ukunikela uncedo lwamanye amazwe, izivumelwano, kunye neenkonzo zokusebenza kwisebe elisebenza ehlabathini lonke. Urhulumente worhulumente olawulayo i' uyakwazi ukusebenza njengelizwi elinye kwiqonga lehlabathi ngomnye ungenelo oluphambili kurhulumente wesizwe omanyeneyo.

Ukufuduka noKhuseleko loMda

Ukulawula ilizwe i' imida kunye nokumisela imithetho yokufuduka ziimbopheleleko zelizwe elilawulayo. Urhulumente wesizwe ulawula ukufuduka ngokusemthethweni ngoomasebe abanjengoorhulumente base-U.S. kunye neeNkonzo zobumi kunye ne-Immiggertion Service (USCIS) kwaye unyanzelisa imithetho yokufuduka ngeZinto kunye ne-CBP yokhuseleko lwe-Immigration kunye ne-CCFationmentment (ICO). Imigaqo engqonge ukufuduka, ukhuseleko lomda, kunye nemeko yabaphambukeli abangabhalwangangeni-mali iphakathi kwemicimbi elwahlulayo kwezobupolitika zaseMerika.

Ukulungiselela Okusesikweni Nokukhusela Amalungelo Abemi

ISebe leMithetho yeJaji (DOJ) liqinisekisa ukuba imithetho karhulumente, izaphuli-mthetho, zigweba, kwaye zimela iUnited States kwimicimbi yomthetho. Inkqubo yenkundla yelo zwe ichaza imithetho nomGaqo-siseko. Indima ebalulekileyo karhulumente wesizwe kukugcinwa kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu, iqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba loluphi na uhlanga, unqulo, okanye imvelaphi, baphathwa ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho. Izenzo zeLinkmarkment efana noMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964 kunye noMthetho we-Voting Rights ka-65 karhulumente zanyanzelelwa ngurhulumente ukuba oyise ucalucalucalucalucalulo lwesizwe.

Isiphelo

Iimbopheleleko zikarhulumente worhulumente worhulumente zinzulu kwaye zibanzi, zichaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi eUnited States. Ukusuka ekulungiseleleni ukukhusela okuqhelekileyo nokuphatha i-' kuqoqosho olukhulu ukukhusela imekobume nokuqinisekisa umgangatho osisiseko wokuphila kwabakhulileyo nabangamahlwempu, urhulumente ululungiselelo olubalulekileyo. Ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo lokulawula kukulawula le misebenzi mikhulu ngokufanelekileyo nangokuqhubekayo ngoxa imigaqo yolawulo ekhokela uhlanga ukususela ekusungulweni kwalo. Ummi onolwazi, obandakanyekelwe ngokucokisekileyo ekuqondeni ezi ngxaki, luyimfuneko kwimpilo yeriphabliki. Ingxoxo engobungakanani obufanelekileyo nomgangatho karhulumente ayingomntu wemfundo nje; zibalulekile kuhlanga lwe-&x27; kunye nezopolitiki zexesha elizayo.