Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho OmGaqo-siseko

UmGaqo-siseko we-United States umisela inkqubo yokufumana inkululeko yomntu ngamnye nemiqathango kwigunya likarhulumente. Ukuvuma ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo akho angokomGaqo-siseko kuqalisa ngokukuqonda ngokucacileyo oko kukhuselwa ngamalungelo. IBhili yamaLungelo kunye noMphetho-Mdali we-14th zenza umphambili wale migaqo, intetho, uphengululo, inkqubo efunekayo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuvavanywa okufanelekileyo. La malungelo asebenza kungekuphela kwimicimbi yorhulumente kodwa nakumgangatho wesizwe nakummandla ngokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngasezantsi awona malungelo adla ngokukhuselwayo, intetho egqugqithile, ingqhinga, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ukhuseleko olulinganayo, kunye nokuvavanywa ngokusesikweni.

Uhlaziyo Lokuqala: Intetho Ekhululekileyo, Indibano Nonqulo

IsiHlanziso Sokuqala sikhusela ilungelo lakho lokuvakalisa iimbono ngaphandle kolawulo lukarhulumente, ukuhlanganisa ngoxolo, ukucela urhulumente, nokuqhelisela unqulo lwakho ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kukarhulumente. Ukungathobeli kunokwenzeka xa igosa likawonke-wonke likusohlwaya ngenxa yembono yakho, ukuvalela intetho ekhuselekileyo kwingingqi kawonke wonke, okanye ukukhanyela imvume yokuqhankqala ngaphandle kwesizathu esisemthethweni. Umzekelo, ukuba amapolisa akuyalele ukuba uyeke ukuthwebula ifilimu kwindawo ephezulu ngenxa yokuba ubhalile, oko kukuthi i-Okuqala ISinyuselo sakho sifake imvume yokuhlanganisa ulwazi. Ngokufanayo, umqeshi karhulumente akanakukudubula ngenxa yokuthetha ngombandela kawonke wonke ngaphandle kokuba intetho iphazamisa umdla kurhulumente kunye nentetho yakho. Inkundla isebenzisa uvavanyo lokulungisa imicimbi phakathi korhulumente kunye nelungelo lakho lokuthetha.

UMthetho - siseko Wesine: Uphando Olungenangqiqo Neziphene

Ulawulo lweSindululo sesine soMphengululo ochasene nokuphengulula okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula ngurhulumente. Ukuphengulula okanye ukuxhuzula akunangqiqo ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso esixhaswa nokwenzeka okanye imvume echaphazelekayo. Ngokungathi kungenxa yemvume okanye imbono ecacileyo, iimeko ezicacileyo, okanye ukumisa i-frisk esekelwe ekucingeni okusengqiqweni. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lusoloko lwenzeka xa ungena ekhaya lakho ngaphandle kwemvume okanye ukungabikho komqathango osemthethweni, uqhuba uphengululo lwemida ngaphandle kokukrokrala, okanye usebenzisa amandla agqithisileyo ebudeni ekubanjweni. Ukuba igosa-majoni acela ukukhangela imoto yakho okanye ifowuni ngaphandle kwemvume, unelungelo lokungagunyaziswa.

UHlaliso lweNtloko: Inkqubo efanelekileyo nokuzithethelela

IsiHlanzo sesihlanu sinikela ukuba akukho mntu oza kunyanzeleka ukuba ahlale ethetha ngaye, okanye ahluthwe ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho. Ukwaphulwa komthetho okunyanzelisayo ukuba wenze iingxelo zokuchophela ngaphandle kokukwazisa kakuhle amalungelo akho eMiranda. Ilungelo lokuhlala uthulile kwaye ube negqwetha elikhoyo ngexesha lokuncinwa kwegunya. Ukuba uvalelwe ngetyala, okanye uncinwa, nantoni na othi isenokusetyenziswa kuwe kuphela ukuba wazi ukuba uwahluze loo malungelo. Ngokuthe cwaka, ukuphakamisa ilungelo lokuthula akuthethi ukuba uyakwazi ukuwaphula.

UMthetho Wesithandathu Ohlaziyiweyo: Ukuya Kuthethwa Ngetyala Elifanelekileyo

ISithandathu IsiHlanziso siqinisekisa ukuchotshelwa kwetyala ngokukhawuleza kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, inkundla yabachopheli-tyala engakhethi buso, ilungelo lokujamelana namangqina, nelungelo lokunceda ngesiluleko. Ukuchasa kubandakanya ukulibazisela ngokugqithiseleyo ityala, ijaji engakhethiyo kwicandelo loluntu elingummeli, okanye ukuvunywa kobungqina bobumvamfama obukukhanyela ithuba lokunqumla ityala. Ukuba awunakukwazi ukulifumana igqwetha, urhulumente kufuneka alinike elo lityala. Ukukhanyelwa kwalo elo lungelo, njengokunyanzelwa ukuba umela ngaphandle kokwazi ukulimela. Ngaphezu koko, ukuvavanywa okuvalwa okuvalweyo ngaphandle kwesizathu esinyanzelisayo ityala.

Uhlaziyo Lweshumi Elinane: Ukhuseleko olulinganayo nenkqubo elindelekileyo

UMthetho-nkqubo weshumi elinesine oweyisa ukunqandwa kokungamkeli nabani na ukhuseleko olulinganayo lwemithetho okanye ukumnqika kobomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo. Ukuphulwa kokhuseleko olulinganayo kwenzeka xa urhulumente ephatha abantu ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yobuhlanga, ubufana, okanye ezinye izigwebo ezirhanelwayo ngaphandle kobulungisa obaneleyo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yomthetho elawulayo ejongene nohlanga oluthile lwezithuthi iphazamisana nenkqubo yoKhuselo olulinganayo lukaCelasko. Inkqubo elindelekileyo yemithetho yokuchaphaza xa urhulumente ethatha into ethile onayo, eluncedo, okanye amalungelo akho obuza abazali, ngaphandle kokukunika ithuba lokuyiva. Isikolo sikawonke esigxotha umfundi ngaphandle kokuva imoto ingayichasa inkqubo efanelekileyo.

Ukungqubana Okuqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokukudibanisa

Ukuphulwa komGaqo-siseko kusoloko kwenzeka kwiimeko eziphezulu, ezihamba ngokukhawuleza. Ukwazi oko unokukufuna kunokukunceda ukhusele amalungelo akho uze uqokelele ubungqina. Ngapha koko zizinto eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo zokwaphulwa.

Ukubanjwa Okungekho Sikweni Okanye Ukuzibekela Injongo

Ukubanjwa kufuna isizathu esilindelekileyo sokuba kubekho ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuvalelwa, njengokumiswa kweetrafiki, kufuneka kusekelwe ekukrokreleni okufanelekileyo kwesenzo esiphosakeleyo. Ukuba umphathi-mikhosi ukuvalele ngaphandle kwezibakala ezithe ngqo zikunika into ephosakeleyo, ngokomzekelo, kuba nje ukwingingqi ephezulu ngaphandle kolunye ugwebo. Unokubuza, “Ngaba ndikhululekile ukuba ndimkile ukuphuma?” Ukuba umphathi uthi akunjalo okanye wenza into engathi awukhululekilenga, ukuxhatshazwa. Ukuba akukho sizathu sokubanjwa, nabuphi na ubungqina obufunyenwe emva koko bungacinywa. Umgadi wamagosa angafuniyo ukukuchazela isizathu sokuba ubanjiwe okanye uthunywe ngesandla ngaphandle kwesizathu esisengqiqweni.

Ukusetyenziswa Ngokugqithisileyo Kwamandla Ngomthetho

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kufuneka kube nokusengqiqweni phantsi kweemeko. Iimeko ziquka ubungqingqwa bolwaphulo-mthetho, nokuba urhanelwa ubangela isisongelo esikhawulezileyo, nokuba ukrokrela uyachasa okanye uyasaba. Ukwaphulwa komthetho kwenzeka xa unyanzelekile ngokucacileyo. Ngokufana nokusebenzisa i-taiser umntu ongathathi ntweni, okanye ukudubula umntu ongaxhobiyo kwaye ongasongeliyo. Ukuba ufumana ingxelo amapolisa angayiboni into eyenzekayo, amaxwebhu onzakala ngemifanekiso nokufuna ukunyanyekelwa kwezamayeza. ISinyuko sesine sikhusela ukuxhuzukiswa okungekho ngqiqwele, kwaye amandla agqithisileyo athathwa njengokuphangaqikelelekiyo komntu.

Ukucinezelwa Kwezinto Zoluntu Ngentetho Ekhululekileyo

Amagosa karhulumente akanakuvala okanye abeke imvume esekelwe kwizinto zawo ezikwindawo yoluntu efana neendawo eziqhelekileyo zendlela, iipaki, nezigcawu zikawonke-wonke. Unelungelo lokunika abaphangi izithuba zokuhamba ngaphandle kwenqwelo-moya, ubambe imiqondiso, uthethe nezihlwele ngaphandle kwemvume yokuhlanganisa iintlanganiso ezincinane. Imvume enika amagosa imvume engalawulekiyo okanye ekwaziyo ukukhanyela imvume ngenxa yokuba engawuthandi umyalezo wemvume kuba nje ungawuthandiyo uMphengululo Wokuqala. Ukuba ipolisa i-ofisi yamapolisa ikuxelela ukuba uyeke ukuthetha ngenxa yokuba abanye abaphulaphuli-mthetho banokucaluphala. Ngokufanayo, ukuvala ukuvukelwa kwemibhiyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvukelwa kwesigidimi sokungaviwa kukuchasana. Urhulumente uyakwazi ukubeka ixesha elifanelekileyo, indawo, kunye nemiqatha yendlela, kodwa abo bamele baphumele ngokutyibilikayo.

Uphando Olungenamtsalane Lwezixhobo Zombane Zasekhaya

Amapolisa asoloko efuna imvume yokungena ekhaya lakho okanye ukukhangela icell phone yakho. Iimeko ezingathi kukusukela ngokushushu okanye ukutshatyalaliswa okusondeleyo kobungqina ``````````'''''''''''. Amapolisa afuna imvume yokungena ekhaya lakho. Ukuba amagosa angena ngaphandle kwemvume kwaye awukhange avume, kwaye akukho ngxaki, oko kukuchasana okukhawulezileyo. Ngokufanayo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ebambeke ku [[FLT: 0]] Rilev. California (2014) (Unto yokuba amapolisa kufuneka afumane isiqinisekiso sokukhangela incoko yeselula ukuze abanjwe. Ukuba umphathi-majoni ufuna ukukhangela incoko yefowuni ngaphandle komnxeba wakho kwaye uyala, ukungakufuni, ukuvalwa komthetho wokungabanjwa.

Ucalucalulo Phantsi Kokhuseleko Olulinganayo LukaClaus

Ukuba umdlali worhulumente ukujonga ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezifana nesizwe, ubuhlanga, okanye unqulo, kwaye urhanela ukuba ukuphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwakusenziwa ngabom, usenokuba nentelekelelo efanayo. Imizekelo iquka igosa lamapolisa elitsala kuphela abaqhubi bohlanga oluthile, isikolo sikawonke-wonke esiqeqesha abafundi bohlanga olunye ngogonyamelo olungqongqo ngakumbi ngenxa yehambo efanayo, okanye iofisi karhulumente engafuniyo ukusetyenziswa ngabantu abathetha isiNgesi ngaphandle kokuthethelela. Uxwebhu, iintetho, okanye amanani abonisa ukuba intshukumisa-krakra. Isiganeko esinye sisenokuhambisana nobungqina obuthe ngqo bobugcwala-cala.

Oko Umele Ukwenze Ukuba Ucinga Ukuba Uphulwa Ngumthetho

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho omgaqo-siseko aphulwe, izenzo zakho ngeli thuba nasemva koko. La manyathelo alandelayo enzelwe ukugcina ubungqina, ukukhusela ukuma kwakho okusemthethweni, nokumisela iqonga ukuze ufumane isicombululo.

Hlala Uzolile Yaye Uwagwebele Ngokucacileyo Amalungelo

Musa ukuxhathisa ngokwasemzimbeni nokuba ukholelwa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho luyenzeka. Ukuchasa kungakhokelela kwityala elongezelelweyo kwaye kuselele ukuphikisa. Endaweni yoko, thetha ngokuzolileyo ukuba awuvumi nakuphi na ukuphengulula kwaye ufuna ukuhlala uthe cwaka. Yithi, “Andivumi ukuba kukho uphengululo. Ndicela ilungelo lam lokuba ndihlale ndithulile. Ndifuna igqwetha.” Phinda oku ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungaphikisi okanye uthethe intetho. Injongo yakho kukuyila ingxelo ecacileyo yokuba ugxininise amalungelo akho ngaphandle kokuwazisa. Bhala phantsi igama lomphathi, inombolo yebhejiji, kwaye ulinde inombolo yemoto ngokukhawuleza xa kukhuselekile ukwenza oko.

Phendula Zonke

Xa udibana, bhala phantsi ingxelo enkcukacha yoko kwenzekileyo. Quka umhla, ixesha, indawo, amagama abo bonke abantu ababandakanyekileyo, kunye namagama achanileyo athethwayo. Qaphela nawaphi na amangqina kunye nolwazi lwawo lokuqhagamshelana. Ukuba unefonefo-mfono-mfono-mfono, ividiyo okanye isandi ukuba ikhuselekile kwaye isemthethweni (kwimimandla emininzi, ungabhala ingxelo yamapolisa ebantwini). Gcina nabuphi na ubungqina obuphathekayo obunjengempahla ekrazukileyo, iifoto ezonakeleyo, okanye impahla eyonakeleyo. Gcina umatshini kunye nekopi yephepha yakho. Oku kubhala okuthe kratya, oko kungqinelana kwakho.

Funa Uhlolisiso Lonyango Ukuba Wona Waphul ’ Inxeba

Ukuba ukhe wafumana nayiphi na ingozi emzimbeni, funa unyango nokuba iziphumo zomonakalo zibonakala zincinane. Ingxelo yezamayeza edibanisa isiganeko bubungqina obubalulekileyo. Chaza kumgcini-khaya indlela ozenzakalise ngayo iingozi (umz., “amapolisa andibetha nge-lulwa”). Musa ukugabadela, kodwa yiba yengqalileyo. Gcina zonke iindleko neengxelo. Ukuba ukhathazwa ziimvakalelo, qwalasela ukubona ugqirha wengqondo oyingcali yempilo kakuhle kwanomonakalo weemvakalelo unokuba yinxalenye yokumangalelwa kwamalungelo abantu.

Qhagamshelana NeAttorney Enamava

Izibhengezo zomGaqo-siseko zintsonkothile kwaye zicaphuka ngexesha. Thetha negqwetha elinobuchule kumalungelo abantu okanye kumthetho womgaqo-siseko. Abaninzi banikela ukhangelo-mdla wokubonana ngokukhululekileyo. Musa ukuxubusha ngesiganeko nabenzi-majoni okanye abatshutshisi ngaphandle kwegqwetha lakho. Igqwetha lakho lingacebisa ukuba unelungelo elingaphantsi kwama-42.S.C. . . . . .1998 1983 (ngokwakwaphula umthetho owezolwaphulo-mthetho wabaphathi-mthetho) okanye i-mthetho owesizwe ([FLTL: 0] [[FL:] BBBB [ [akanye])] (oonogatya-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho) abalawulayongawomgaqo-mthetho-mthetho). Ummiselo wetyala we-19011901 uthetha ukuba uphinde uphinde uphinde umva phakathi kweminyaka emithathu. Ulinde ixesha elide kakhulu ungalahlekelwa kukuthembeka kwakho ukuba ungenele umbutho. Igqwethadiso-mthetho, isicelo senkundla, okanye uphindo-ongqu

Yenza Ingxolo Ngezakhono Ezingalawulekiyo

Ukongezelela kwinyathelo elingokwasemthethweni, cinga ngokufaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni kwisebe elibandakanyekileyo, njengecandelo langaphakathi lecandelo lamapolisa, iSebe lezeNkqutyana zamaLungelo e-U.S. okanye igqwetha lephondo lakho. Ezinye izixeko zineebhodi zokuhlola ezizimeleyo zasekuhlaleni. Isikhalazo kufuneka siquke uxwebhu lwakho, ubungqina, kunye nenkcazelo ecacileyo yokwaphula umthetho. Nangona ukukhalaza kwangaphakathi kukodwa kungaphumezi mvuzo, kungakhokelela kwimigaqo yokutshintsha nokuthatha inyathelo lokuyamkela.

Gcina Ilungelo Lakho KuSue

Phambi kokutyala ityala, kufuneka uthobele imiyalelo yesaziso esetyenziswayo ekuthetheni ngokuchasene noomasipala. Izixeko ezininzi zifuna ukuba uvume ukuba uzenze kwisithuba seenyanga zesiganeko. Igqwetha lakho liya kusingatha oku. Musa ukuposa ngesiganeko kwi media yezentlalo-ntle; nayiphi na into oyenzayo inokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nawe. Ngokufanayo, kuphephe ukuxoxa ngombandela omnye umntu ngaphandle kwegqwetha lakho. Gcina bonke ubungqina bukhuselekile uze ulungiselele ukuba ulandelelane.

Imithombo Yoncedo Olusemthethweni Nemfundo

Ukuhlala wazi ngamalungelo akho yinto eqhubekayo. Ngeli ngezantsi kukho imibutho nemithombo enegunya enika izinto zokufundisa, uncedo olusemthethweni, kunye nokuwalawula amalungelo omGaqo-siseko.

Inkululeko Yabemi baseMerika (ACLU)

I-ACLU isebenza ukukhusela amalungelo abantu ngabanye ngokufaka ingcebiso, ukubhenela kwimfundo kawonke-wonke. Iwebhsayithi yabo inika izikhokelo kumalungelo athile, anjenge Ukwazi amalungelo akho ukwenzela ukudibana namapolisa, ukuqhankqalaza, kunye nokujongwa. Bakwanikela ingxelo yonyaka malunga nezisongelo zenkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Iziko lomGaqo-siseko weSizwe

IZiko loMgaqo-siseko weSizwe ePhiladelphia linika oovimba abasebenzisanayo, imeko-mbali, kunye neengcaciso zokulungisa. Yiya kumGaqo-siseko ongasebenziyo [[FLT: 0] ukwenzela ukuntywilisela okunzulu kwindlela iinkundla ezitolike ngayo ilungiselelo ngalinye. Sisixhobo esibalaseleyo sokuzifundisa.

Iinkonzo zoNcedo loMgaqo-siseko

Ukuba awunako ukufikelela kwigqwetha labucala, qhagamshelana ne-ofisi yakho yoncedo lomthetho yasekuhlaleni. I-LT] Iqumrhu leeNkonzo zobuLungu linovimba weefayili weenkqubo. Iikliniki ezininzi zemfundo yomthetho zikwasingatha amatyala amalungelo abantu ngaphandle kwexabiso. Iintlangano ezinjenge National Association of Criminational Laveyers[ zinganceda ekufumaneni isiluleko esinandileyo.

ISebe leMicimbi yeZiko leSizwe

I-DOJ Civil Rights Division inyanzelisa imithetho karhulumente echasene nocalucalulo kunye nokuziphatha okubi kwamapolisa. Ungafaka isikhalazo kwi-intanethi malunga nokwaphulwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Bona unxweme . Ngelixesha zingameli mntu ngamnye, uphengululo lwabo lungakhokelela kutshintsho olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo.

Utshintsho Lwamapolisa Asekuhlaleni Nemibutho Yasekuhlaleni

Amaqela e- Grasroot kwindawo yakho asoloko enemigca eshushu, amakhadi akho alungileyo, kunye nabaqwalaseli abaqeqeshelwe ukwenza uxwebhu. Phendla imibutho efana neZiko loMthetho wobuLuntu laseMazantsi, iProjekthi yeInnocence, okanye izahluko zobulali zeNational Lawyers Guide. La maqela angakunika inkxaso kwaye akunxulumanise namagqwetha.

Isiseko sedata se-LC

Kwabo bafuna uphando lomthetho woluvo, isiseko sogcino-lwazi esikhululekileyo siquka Umphengululi weGoogle (ujonga phantsi kwe-“mthetho we-Case” kwiimbono zorhulumente) kunye Umphulaphuli we-Mbali [. Sebenzisa amabinzana okukhangela afana no-“FourGrandment Reformation erble engenagunya" okanye“ uphengululo olulinganayo lobuhlanga oluneyo oluneelwezigqibo-" ukufumana izigqibo zakutshanje.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo akho omgaqo-siseko kuqala ngokwazi oko kukuthi ayintoni loo malungelo nendlela asebenza ngayo kunxibelelwano lwamihla le norhulumente. Ukuba kukuphengulula okungekho mthethweni, ukukhanyelwa kwenkululeko yokuthetha, okanye ukuphathwa ngokungafaniyo phantsi komthetho, ukukwazi ukuphawula ukuchaswa kwelungelo lakho linyathelo lokuqala lokuba netyala. UMgaqo-siseko asiloxwebhu olukhoyo oluthi thsicatshulwa luchaze iintlawulo zemini nganye. Ngokuzinzisa, ngokubhala iziganeko, ukufuna isiluleko esisemthethweni, nokusebenzisa izixhobo, uyakwazi ukuzikhusela nokukhusela amalungelo akho. Akukho mntu unokuwathatha amalungelo akho ngaphandle kokuba uwavumele ukuba athathe. Umthwalo uwenza ngaphakathi kobugqesho, kwaye ulungele ukukuwufumana umsebenzi wakho.

"Uxabiso lwenkululeko kukuhlala uphaphile ngonaphakade.” – kusoloko kusithiwa nguThomas Jefferson[[FL:1]

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe, thetha negqwetha eligunyazisiweyo.