Ulungelelwano phakathi kokhuseleko kunye namalungelo omgaqo-siseko luyimbambano ebalulekileyo kwibutho labantu lanamhlanje. Njengoko amazwe ejamelene nezisongelo ezikhulayo ezibangelwa bubugrogrisi, ubugrogrisi, ukuhlasela kwezobugrogrisi, ukungazinzi kwezobupolitika, uxinezeleko oluphakathi kokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke kunye nokukhusela inkululeko yabantu luye lwabonakala ngakumbi. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa umongo wembali, isiseko somthetho, iingxoxo eziqhubekayo, kunye nophando lwembali olubumba lomxholo obalulekileyo. Ukuqonda indlela idemokhrasithelithisko olulu lwemeko olucekekayo olubalulekileyo olubalulekileyo lubaluleke ngayo kulwazi oluyindawo kunye nolawulo olunempumelelo.

Imeko

Ukutyhubela imbali, ibutho labantu liye laxhathisa imfuneko yokhuseleko kwiimeko zangaphandle, imvukelo yangaphakathi, nezinye izisongelo ezikhoyo. Iziseko zokuqala zamalungelo omGaqo-siseko zabekwa ngokungqalileyo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya ngabalawuli ababeka umthetho ophezulu kwinkululeko. Le migaqo ihlala ikho ikho ngokuqhubeka iphembelela ubugqi.

  • IMagna Carta (1215) — inyanzeliswe kuKumkani John waseNgilani, yaseka imigaqo yenkqubo efanelekileyo, enjengelungelo lokuvavanywa ngokusesikweni nekhuselwa ekuvalelweni ngokusesikweni. UClaus 39 ubalaselisa ukuba akukho mntu okhululekileyo oza kuthi abanjwe okanye avalelwe entolongweni “ngaphandle komgwebo osemthethweni wabalingani bakhe okanye umthetho welizwe."
  • Isicelo sokuQalisa Asekunene (1628) — yaqinisekisa ukuba ukumkani akanakubeka umthetho wemfazwe, amajoni amalunga anesine kumakhaya abantu, okanye irhafu yelevy ngaphandle kwemvume yepalamente. Yaqinisa umthetho ngokuchasene negunya lokumkani.
  • IBhili yamaNgesi yaMalungelo (1689) — intelekelelo eqinisekisiweyo kwisohlwayo esinenkohlakalo nesingaqhelekanga, ibheyile egqithisileyo, kunye nemikhosi emileyo ngexesha loxolo ngaphandle kwemvume. Yaphinda yaqinisekisa ilungelo lokucela kukumkani.
  • UmGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. (1787) kunye neBhili yamaLungelo (1791) — UmGaqo-siseko wayila isiseko sikarhulumente olinganiselweyo, ngelixa ishumi lokuqala lilungisa ngokungqalileyo amalungelo asisiseko: inkululeko yokuthetha, unqulo, ushicilela, ingqungquthela, ukukhusela ukuphangwa nokuxhuzula okungekho ngqiqweni (umphetho wesinyuso senyuso), ekunene ukuthwala izixhobo (uMgaqo-siseko), kunye nenkqubo efunekayo (i-Fenth).
  • Izixhobo zamalungelo abantu zemfazwe yehlabathi II — ISindululo somhlaba wonke samalungelo abantu (1948) kunye neminqophiso eyalandelayo yamisela isivumelwano sezizwe ngezizwe kumalungelo karhulumente, ezobupolitika, ezoqoqosho, kunye nenkcubeko ekungekho rhulumente onokuthi axhatshazwe nakwezokhuseleko.

Ezi ziganeko ziphambili zibonisa umlinganiselo oziphindaphindayo: iimeko zokhuseleko ezinkulu zidla ngokwanda kwamandla karhulumente, kodwa utshintsho olulandelayo olungokwasemthethweni lusoloko luwaqinisa la mandla ukukhusela inkululeko. Ucelomngeni lukuthintela ukuthabatha imilinganiselo yokwexeshana ukuba ingangeni ngaphaya kwemvume esisigxina.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esingundoqo Sasemthethweni

Ukwahlulwa komthetho okukokugcina umlinganiselo phakathi kokhuseleko namalungelo. Ukuqonda ezi zicwangciso kubalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwazo kunye neziphumo zazo.

Iintlanganiso Neendibano Zamazwe Ngamazwe

Izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zinendima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni iinkqubo zokhuseleko zesizwe, ngoxa ziphakamisa amalungelo abantu. Zibeka imilinganiselo ephantsi kwaye zibonelela ngeenkqubo zolawulo, nangona ukunyanzelisa inkqubo kungafani. Izixhobo ezinokuthenjwa ziquka:

  • ISindululo soMhlaba Samalungelo Abantu (1948) — Inqaku le-12 likhusela ekuphazanyisweni ngokungekho mthethweni kwelungu lomntu, intsapho, ikhaya, okanye iposi. IGatya 29 liyavuma ukuba amalungelo anokulinganiselwa kuphela ngemithetho efunekayo ukuqinisekisa amalungelo abanye kunye neemfuno zokuziphatha, ulungelelwano lukawonke wonke, kunye nentlalo-ntle eqhelekileyo.
  • Isivumelwano sezizwe ngezizwe kumalungelo asekuhlaleni kunye nezobupolitika (1966] [Inqaku lesi-4 livumela ukususwa kwezibopho ezithile ngexesha “lengozi kawonke wonke esongela ubomi bohlanga," ibonelela amanyathelo afunekayo ngokungqongqo kwimicimbi yequmrhu kwaye angangqubani nezinye iimfuno zomthetho wezizwe ngezizwe. Eli binzana liye labizwa ngexesha leengxaki neendyikitya.
  • INdibano yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu (1950) — Inqaku le-15 ngokufanayo livumela ukuhlahlelwa kodwa lifuna amazwana okwazisa iBhunga laseYurophu. INkundla yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu ivelise umahluko omkhulu kwimiqathango yokhuseleko.

UmGaqo-siseko weSizwe

Umgaqo-siseko welizwe ngalinye uchaza ulungelelwano phakathi kwemilinganiselo yokhuseleko nokhuseleko lwenkululeko yabemi. Iinkundla zomGaqo-siseko zisebenza njengezona ziphambili. Imizekelo iquka:

  • United States — UMthetho-misitho wesine ukhusela ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni nasekuxhuzuleni; uHlanzeko lwesihlanu luqinisekisa inkqubo efanelekileyo; uLawulo Lokuqala Lokwenziwa kwemiGaqo-nkqubo lukhusela ukuthetha kunye nokuhlanganisa. INkundla Ephakamileyo isoloko ihlola izilangazelelo zikarhulumente ngokunyanzelisayo nxamnye namalungelo abantu ngabanye, isebenzisa uhlalutyo olungqongqo kumalungelo asisiseko.
  • Eupan Union — Icharter of Fundament Rights enshrines (iArticle 7), ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi (Article 8), kunye nenkululeko yokuchaza (iNkundla yeJaji yeEuropean Union). Inkundla yeJaji idibanise ulawulo lwenjongo yokungahlonizi ukuhlonela ulungelelwaniso.
  • Iindia [Inqaku lama-21] — Inqaku lama-21 liqinisekisa ilungelo lobomi nenkululeko yobuqu, iNkundla ePhakamileyo eliyitolika ngokuyintlukwano iquka ukuzifunela imfihlo njengelungelo elisisiseko (I- Justice K.S.Plataswamy v. Union of India, 2017). Imilinganiso yokhuseleko karhulumente kufuneka igqithe uvavanyo oluntlu - 3: ukuthembeka, injongo esemthethweni, kunye nokulungelelana.
  • ICanada — Icandelo 1 leCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms livumela “imida esengqiqweni emiselwe ngumthetho njengokuba inokuthi igwetyelwe ngokukwanempumelelo kwibutho elikhululekileyo neledemokhrasi.” Uvavanyo lwe-Oakes lufuna ukuba imida ibe yeyahlukeneyo kwaye yonakalise kancinane.

Impikiswano Zangoku

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimpikiswano ezimalunga nokhuseleko nomgaqo - siseko ziye zanda, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba ubugrogrisi, ii - Internet, neengxaki zempilo.

  • Ukhuthuzo namalungelo obuqu
  • Imilinganiselo yokulwa nobunqolobi kunye nenkululeko yabemi
  • Impilo karhulumente inika imiyalelo kunye nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye
  • Inkqubo yokwazisa ngamanani nokhuseleko lwedata

Ingeniso namalungelo emfihlo

Ukunyuka kobugcisa bamanani kuye kwakhokelela kubuchule bokuhlola obungakaze bubonwe ngaphambili. Ngoku oorhulumente bangaqokelela ubuninzi obuninzi bemida yemida, ukuphawula ubuso, ukusebenzisa amanani angaphambili amapolisa, kunye nokujonga amajelo eendaba. Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo esisiseko malunga nobungakanani abanokuba ngoorhulumente abanokujonga ngabo abemi egameni lokhuseleko ngaphandle kokuphazamisa amalungelo abo obuqu.

Iinkqubo zokuhlola uninzi .ezinjengazo zatyhilwa nguEdward Snowden ngo-2013. Ingqokelela edityanisiweyo ye-data yezonxibelelwano ye-NSA. Isikhalo salandelayo sabangela utshintsho, kuquka noMthetho we-USA INFUX (2015) owenza ingqokelela enkulu phantsi koMthetho wePATRIOT nokwanda kokubonakala. Noko ke, amaqumrhu obuchule ayaqhubeka eqhuba iinkqubo zokuhlola eziphakamiso phantsi kwamagunya aphezulu anjengoMthetho we-12333 kunye neCandelo lwe-702 lwe-FICA Izinyuso-Mguqulo, nto leyo evumela abantu bangaphandle ukuba banikeze ixhoba abangengo- - .

Iinkundla zithathe amanyathelo atshintshileyo. Inkundla yaseYurophu yeJaji [[FLT: 0] Schrems II yenze isigqibo saphelelwa lixabiso i-Associal Shield simel ngenxa yenkxalabo ye-U.S. unikezelo lukarhulumente kwi-data yaseYurophu. Ngokwahlukileyo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. kwi [FLT:] Rhilim v. California [20] (2014, kunye [FLT]] Cententer v. United States[FL:5]]) (20) yavuma ukuba umlinganiselo we-data yemfono-cell kunye nereyinki yembali yengxelo ye-Spreadmidmigs, efuna ukuphendla isiqinisekiso se-Foctive.

Ezinye iindawo ezithe zabekwa kwidash-bhasane ziquka ukusetyenziswa kobukho bobuso obumiselwe ngumthetho. Izixeko eziliqela (iSan Francisco, iBoston, iPortland) ziye zakuvala ukusetyenziswa kwayo, zikhankanya ikhethe lobuhlanga nokungabi namithetho. Ingxoxo ifaka ingcebiso kukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. "ezifana nokufanisa iingozi zokujongwa kwabantu abaninzi kunye neziphumo ezimanyumnyezi kwindibano kawonke-wonke."

Imilinganiselo yokungahambelani

Abameli baphikisa imithetho yobunqolobi edla ngokwandisa amagunya karhulumente, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abantu baxhalabe ngokuxhatshazwa.

I-USA PARIOTTT Act eUnited States, i-Antintlarrorism, iCrime kunye ne-Security Act 2001 eUnited Kingdom, kunye nemithetho efanayo eOstreliya, eKhanada, nakulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ezi zimo zokuhlolwa, ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kokuvavanywa (umz., imiyalelo yokulawula, ukunqanda ukuvalelwa kwentolongo) kunye neqhinga lokulawula ekuqulunqeni amaqela abanqolobi. Abahlalutyisi baphikisa amanyathelo anjalo ajolise kumaSilamsi, angquzulane nenkqubo efanelekileyo, kwaye anokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nezopoliti.

I-UK’s Investigation Powers Powers 2016 2016 .(2) yabhenela kwi- “Snooper’s Chart”------injini yokugcina iirekhodi zokukhangela iinyanga ezili-12 kwaye inika amandla okusebenza komthetho abanzi ukuze zifikelele. I-UN Special Rapporteur enelungelo lokuba yedwa ibonise inkxalabo enzulu ngokuhambelana kwayo nomthetho wamalungelo abantu wamazwe ngamazwe.

Isitshixo esingundoqo singumgaqo wolungelelwaniso: amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka abe yeyona ndlela ingqongqo ukufikelela injongo esemthethweni. IiNkundla eJamani, Canada, kunye neNkundla yaseYurophu yamaLungu yamaLungelo abantu ibethe okanye ifake imiqathango ethintelayo eyasilela olu vavanyo. Umzekelo, iNkundla yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu kwi Szabó kunye ne Visy v. Hungary (206) ibambelele ekuthi ukubethwa kweliso lemfihlelo olufihlakeleyo kufuneka kusekelwe “kukrokrexo olunelwa okusengqiqweni” kwaye ithobele ekujongeni ngokwayo.

Ukuhlangabezana Nempilo Kawonke - wonke Nenkululeko Yomntu Ngamnye

Ngexesha longxamiseko lwempilo kawonke-wonke, njengeendyikitya ezibulalayo, oorhulumente bangayibeka imiqathango echaphazela inkululeko yomntu ngamnye, imiqathango yemaski, iimfuno zokugoma, ukuvaleka, nokusebenzisana kwamanani. Ingxoxo isekelwe ekubeni amanyathelo anjalo afanelekile kusini na ngenxa yokulunga okungakumbi okanye ukuba aphule amalungelo omGaqo-siseko.

Isifo se-COVID-19 sabonisa uvavanyo olungathethekiyo lwehlabathi lonke. Amazwe amaninzi axhomekeke kumthetho wempilo kawonke-wonke nakumandla ongxamiseko, ngokufuthi agqitha iinkqubo zomthetho zomthetho. Iinkundla kwimimandla emininzi zaxhasa imilinganiselo efana nokutshixwa kwamandla okugquma amasigqubuthelo phantsi ko “opolitika” ebhaliswe ngokwembali kumthetho-siseko, kodwa abethelele phantsi kwemiqathango ebanzi okanye engekho ngqiqweni. Umzekelo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ye-U.S. [FLT: 0] i-Roma Katolika Diocese yaseBrooklyn. Cuomo v).

Imiyalelo yetyala yezonyango yabasebenzi, abasebenzi bakarhulumente, okanye uwonke-wonke wabangela amadabi amakhulu angokwasemthethweni. Ngeli xesha iNkundla ePhakamileyo ixhasa izigunyazo zogonyo lwasemsebenzini kwi- Biden v. Missouri [2022]) kwimibutho yezonyango, yabetha phantsi komgangatho wexesha likaxakeka we-OSHA kuqeshi omkhulu wabaqeshi [FL:2] umkhosi wesizwe we-Intelligence . OSTA [202] [20]) kumacandelo athi isibonelo sidlule igunya laso. Uxinezeleko phakathi kwempilo kawonke kunye nomntu ngamnye luhlala lungalungiswa.

Iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngamanani eziye zaphakamisa inkxalabo yobuqu, zilumkisa iingcali ukuba ukugcina ulwazi olusembindini lwezifo ezingenwa zizifo kungajongwa kwakhona. Amazwe anjengeSingapore ne-Korea asebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwamanani okusasazekileyo, ngoxa amazwe aseYurophu ngokuqhelekileyo amkela iinkqubo zokuzithandela ezifanelekileyo nezineengcaciso zokutshona kwelanga. Isifundo sikukuba amanyathelo oluntu amele abe acace, alungelelaniswe, kunye nexesha elilinganiselweyo ukugcina ukuthenjwa nguwonke wonke.

Ukwaziwa kwamanani kunye nokhuseleko logcino-lwazi

Njengokuba amazwe ekha iinkqubo zokubonakalisa ngamanani ukwenzela i-eÚgovernance, ukufakwa kwemali, kunye nokhuseleko lwesizwe, uxinzelele phakathi koncedo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokhuseleko lwento efihlakeleyo. Inkqubo ye-Aadhaar yase-Indiya, eyona nkqubo inkulu ye-ID yebhayoloji, yavavanywa kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo. INkundla e [[FLT:]] i-Plateswamy I-[ [208]) ixhase inkqubo kodwa imisela ukusetyenziswa kwayo okunyanzelisayo, ilawula ukuba iinkampani zabucala azinakunyanzelela iinkonzo. Ingxoxo efanayo i-Adhaar ye-ID yesizwe eKenya, i-Estonian’s procencey, kunye nokuzimfom ye-yomvoluni yaseYurophu.

Inkxalabo iqalisa njengenkqubo yokuzithandela yokuzichaza ngokwentlalo-ntle inokuba yi-tografi yenze abemi babe ngamanyanzelo obomi bemihla ngemihla, benze abemi babe sesichengeni sokujongwa, ukuchana kwedata, nokubawa kophawu. Isakhiwo esiqinileyo esisemthethweni (ukungalawulwa ngokuzimeleyo, ukuncitshiswa kwedata, ukuvulwa kwenkcazelo, ukuvulwa kwenkcazelo efihlakeleyo, kunye nokukhethwa kwamalungiselelo qhaza.)

Uvavanyo Lomzekelo

Uhlolisiso oluye lwenziwa kwityala elithile lusenza siqonde indlela olusetyenziswa ngayo ulungelelwano phakathi kokhuseleko namalungelo.

Umthetho we-USA

Idluliswe kuphando lohlaselo lwangoSeptemba 11, iUSA PATRIOT Act eyandisiweyo yobuchule bolawulo lukarhulumente. Amalungiselelo angundoqo aquka ukunyuswa kwee-wap zophando olujikelezayo, ukulibaziseka kokufuna ulwazi (sneak hintap hipeak), ukufikelela kwiirekhodi zoshishino kuquka iithala leencwadi kunye neerekhodi zezamayeza (uqeqesho 215), kunye nooonobumba bokhuseleko besizwe abaphezulu kunye nemiyalelo yegag. Ngelixa abaxhasi besithi inyusa ukhuseleko lwesizwe ngokususa “indongalo” phakathi kobulumko kunye nomthetho, abagxeki-encwadi zale mvume, ngokufuthi yachasana kumalungelo okuQala nowokuqala nowesine okuHlaziweyo, ngaphandle kokungalungiswa okune kwemithetho.

Ucelomngeni olucacileyo lomthetho: Doe v. Ashcroft [2004], inkundla yequmrhu yawisa phantsi imiyalelo ye-NSL gag njengengekho sigqeba; uMthetho we-USA INFUX oguquliweyo wecandelo 215 kamva ngokufuna ukuba urhulumente abonise “indawo ezifanelekileyo” ezibhaliweyo kumphathi wamandla asemzini okanye iqela labanqolobi. Noko ke, inkqubo yengqokelela yamaza eninzi sele ibhenxisiwe, kwaye uMthetho wayisa phambili. Ingxoxo iyaqhubeka nokuququlunqwawa kwakhona kwabaphathi bobuchophelo.

Inkqubo Engakumbi YeNSA

Inkqubo yokhuseleko lweNational Agency, eyatyhilwa ngo-2013 ngomcuphi wempempe uEdward Snowden, ibonisa ukuba urhulumente wase-US waqokelela i-metadata kwiminxeba yonke (iiirekhodi zocingo, ixesha elithatha ixesha, amanani) phantsi kokutolikwa ngokufihlakeleyo kweCandelo 215. Ikwaquka iPRISM, eyanyanzela iinkampani ezinkulu ze-Internet ukuba zinike abantu abangengoo-ma-ma-ma-ibhunga. Inkqubo yajongana nokukhala okukhulu nocelomngeni olusemthethweni, ibalase umzabalazo wokulinganisa iimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nemigaqo-siseko.

Izigwebo ezibini ezingundoqo zenkundla: ACLU v. I-Clapper (2015), isekeni lesibini leBala lathi udweliso lwenkqubo lwemetadata alugunyaziswanga licandelo 215. Kungekudala emva kokuba, iKhomishini idlulise uMthetho we INKULULEKO. Ngokuhlukeneyo, i-Anvonsolence ne-Civil Liberties Overstight Board igqibele ukuba inkqubo yayingenaso siseko esicacileyo esisemthethweni kwaye ayisebenzi. Inkundla yaseYurophu yeJaji yeJaji yeJaji Shrsscrem I [ isigqibo esingu-2015] esikhuselekileyo sezibuko elikhuselekileyo ngenxa yocoselelo lwase-US.

Isifundo: Xa ukujonga kuhamba phambili kumthetho, umva unokuba yingozi kukhuseleko nenkululeko.

Umanyano LoBukumkani: Ulawulo Nemigaqo Yokuthintela Ubugrogrisi

Emva kokuba uMthetho wamaLungelo oMntu ka-1998 ufake iECHR kumthetho wasekhaya, imigaqo elwa nobuphekula ye-UK yacelwa imposiso ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Imiyalelo yolawulo oluthintela ukufika kwexesha, ukuvalwa komsebenzi wohambo, nemiqathango enxulumeneyo .⁠ yabekwa kwi-ogrogrisi erhanelwayo ngaphandle kokuvavanywa. Indlu yooSords kwi [FS. AF[F [2009] yawisa umthetho wokuba kumele kucelwe ucelomngeni lobugrogrisi, kungenjalo imiyalelo yokulawula ingaphula iQumrhu elingu 5 neSigaba 6 se-CHLULE. Urhulumente uthathe indawo yolawulo lwe-GURGURGUPTTS(APM) ngo-2010) olungekagwetyelwayo kodwa olungaluthiweyo.

Olu hlolisiso lubonisa inkqubo yokuzikhusela: Iinkundla zinyanzela oorhulumente ukuba balungelelanise amanyathelo okufikelela imilinganiselo yamalungelo abantu, kodwa inkxwaleko esisiseko iyaqhubeka.

Ucelomngeni Lwexesha Elizayo

Umlinganiselo phakathi kokhuseleko kunye namalungelo omgaqo-siseko uza kuba ntsokothe ngakumbi kwiminyaka ezayo. Ubugcisa bokudibanisa ngaphaya-kuvelisa.

  • AIII-addiven comper — uProtholic weProtolic, uhlalutyo lwezimvo, kunye nophawu lobuso obuzenzekelayo luphakamisa inkxalabo ngekhethe, impazamo, nokungabinakubona gca. I-European Union ecetyiweyo i-Al Act ibala i-Al isebenzisa ezinye ii-alpha njenge-“bungozi obukhulu” obufuna uhlolo oluhambisana noluvo, kodwa ukunyanzelo luhlala lungaqinisekwa.
  • Ukukhowuda iingcango — ukunyanzelisa umthetho kufuna ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo obuthathaka ukuze kufikelelwe unxibelelwano lokhuseleko lwesizwe oluchasene nemfuneko yokhuseleko lwamanani. Iingcali zilumkisa ukuba ukudambisa ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo “ezilungileyo” kudala izinto eziza kusetyenziswa ngabadlali abadedefisayo.
  • UNEUROÍrers — Imidibaniso edityanisiweyo yobuchopho kunye nokuxilonga imithambo-luvo kusenokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubuxoki, ukuqwalasela, okanye ukuphatha ngemikhwa eguquguqukayo. IChile yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukulungisa umgaqo-siseko wayo wokukhusela ugcino-lwazi lobuchopho ngowama-2021, kodwa amazwe amaninzi akanayo isiseko esisemthethweni.
  • Ukuhlola ubuninzi be-Boometric kwizithuba zikawonke-wonke — izixeko ezinjenge-London ne Shanghai sele zisebenzisa amawaka ekhamera enolwazi lokwenene lobuso obungalinganiyo. Iingxaki zomthetho zisemnyango, kwaye iinkundla ziya kufuneka zigqibe enoba oku kubumba “ukufuna” okufuna imiyalelo.

Umgaqo wokulungelelana, umthetho, kunye nolawulo oluzimeleyo kufuneka lukhokele izigqibo zenkqubo. Ngaphandle kwazo, amanyathelo okhuseleko anokuba zizixhobo zolawulo lobuzwilakhe kunokuba abe lukhuseleko olufanelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Ulungelelwano phakathi kokhuseleko kunye namalungelo omgaqo-siseko lusasoloko luyimbambano esebenzayo nenempikiswano. Imbali ifundisa ukuba ulwando lokwexeshana lwamandla karhulumente ngexesha leengxaki lusoloko lusisigxina, ngoxa inkululeko yabemi inzima ukubuyisela emva kolawulo longxamiseko. Njengoko izisongelo zisuka ku-_iindyikitya zokuhlasela ngekhompyutha ukuya kwimfazwe yekhompyutha-------------ngoko ke ke ukuqonda kwethu ngendlela yokukhusela ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke kunye nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Ukuqhubeka kwengxoxo, ukuhlolwa kwetyala, kunye nokugadipola kwemithetho kufuneka kufumane iindlela zokulungisa ngaphandle kokunikezela inkululeko abayifunayo. Umgangatho wokhuseleko abafuna ukukhusela.