Ummandla Ojikelezayo Wokhuseleko Lokhetho

Ukuthembeka konyulo kwenza iqondo lolawulo-demokhrasi. Njengoko izisongelo zokunyulwa zikhula ngokuntsonkothileyo, ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha, ukupheliswa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha, kunye nokutshintshwa komzizo obonakalayo ngezantsi kwe-United States, iye yazithatha iindlela ezithe zagqunywa ukukhusela iqonga ngalinye lenkqubo yokuvota. Ukhuseleko lokhetho alulobugcisa okanye inkqubo enye yolawulo; luyimeko-bume yendalo ebanzi ebandakanya oomatshini bokuvota, ukuvota, ukuvavanya ugcino-lwazi, imiqathango yoshicilelo, imigaqo-siseko soshicilelo yasemva koshicilelo, imigaqo-nkqubo elawulayo, kunye nento esetyenziswa ngabantu abaqeqeshiweyo. Ngoxa kungekho nkqubo ingenayo ngokugqibeleleyo, ukudityaniswa kwezenzo ezivunyiweyo neziveli ezivelwe ngokunelisayo. Olu vavanyo olunenkcukacha lunika ukhuseleko olunempumelelo.

Amalungu okhuseleko lokhetho lwale mihla

Ukuqonda ukhuseleko lonyulo kufuna ukujonga izinto ezisisiseko, kunye, ezenza unyulo olunamandla. Ezi zinto zixhomekeke kumntu omnye kwaye ziyaqinisana.

1. Iingxelo zephepha eziqinisiweyo

Iphepha lonyulo lihlala liyi-golide esezantsi yokhuseleko lonyulo. Zinika ingxelo ephathekayo, ephicothwayo enokukhangelwa nxamnye nobude be-elektroniki. Phantse lonke urhulumente ngoku ufuna umzila wephepha, mhlawumbi ngezixhobo ezimagqabi okanye amacebo okuphawula avelisa umzila wophicotho-zincwadi ogunyazisiweyo (VPAT). Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba nokuba i-software ilalanisiwe, ingxelo ecacileyo ikhona ekuchazeni nasekuphicocheni.

2. Uvavanyo lobuchule nocoselelo lokhetho lwangaphambili

Phambi konyulo naluphi na unyulo, iinkqubo zokuvota zivavanywa ngokucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyasebenza kakuhle. Abasemagunyeni basebenzisa amavote okuvavanya ngoomatshini, bahlole uvalo oluchasene neziphumo ezaziwayo, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba onke amalungu akhuselekileyo. Le nkqubo inceda ekuboneni ukuba nayiphi na into engasebenzi kakuhle okanye etshintshileyo phambi kokuba kujulwe amavoti okwenene.

3. Uphicotho-zincwadi loKhetho lwasemva

Uphicotho-zincwadi lukuhlolo olubalulekileyo kwiziphumo zonyulo. Olunempumelelo lukukujonga uphicotho-zincwadi olunemida yomngcipheko (RLS), olusebenzisa iindlela zobalo-manani ukuvavanya isampuli engaqhelekanga yephepha. Ukuba uphicotho-zincwadi luqinisekisa iziphumo ezixeliweyo, iziphumo zimile; ukuba akunjalo, ulwandiso lophicotho-zincwadi de amagosa aqiniseke ngeziphumo. Amanqaku amaninzi ngoku agunyazisa i-RLA ngokwamanye amacandelo athile, ngexa amanye eqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi lwesithethe oluthelekisa iziphumo ezibalwa ngesandla.

4. Ukhuseleko lwesiseko sobhaliso lweVoter

Iinkqubo zobhaliso lwe Voter zijoliswe ngokuyintloko kubahlaseli abafuna ukudibanisa abavoti okanye isiphithiphithi sokuhlwaya. Amazwe asebenzisa uqinisekiso lwezininzi zesazulu, ukujongwa kwekhompyutha, ukujongwa kobungozi obuthe rhoqo, kunye nokukhowuda ukukhusela ezi database. Abaninzi baqhuba uvavanyo lokungena ngaphakathi kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zolwazi ngokugqitha iCybersecurity kunye ne Inksultrastrure Security Agency (CISIA).

5. Ukhuseleko Lomzimba Nobukhoboka Bokugcina Ityala

Ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina ibhola ukuya kwizithuthi ukuya kukhusela inqanawe, ityathanga eliqinileyo lenkqubo yecangci liyimfuneko. Ii-opsetper ezibonakala ngokucacileyo, iikhamera ezihlolayo, kunye nemithetho emibini esetyenziswayo iqhelekile. Abasebenzi abagrogrisi baqeqeshelwa ukukhusela izixhobo kwaye baxele nayiphina into ekhoyo.

Imeko- ngemo Uhlolo lwemilinganiselo yokhuseleko

Umsebenzi odityanisiweyo wemithetho yonyulo karhulumente uthetha ukuba uzalisekiso lokhuseleko lwahluka ngokubanzi. Ngeli nqaku linenkcukacha kujongo olunengqwalaselo kwindlela amazwe amaninzi aye alungisa ngayo iindlela zawo, akha kwimizekelo yangaphambili kwaye adibanisa iimbono ezongezelelekileyo.

IKhalifoniya: Inkokeli kwiiNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo

IKhalifoniya imisele umgaqo ophezulu wokhuseleko lonyulo kunye nentsebenziswano yomthetho kunye nobuchule obutsha. Urhulumente ufuna zonke iinkqubo zokuvota ukuze kuvezwe ingxelo yephepha, kwaye ukususela ngo-2019, iye yaqhuba imida yomngcipheko wonyulo lonke ulawulo. I-Countries zikwakhuthazwa ukusebenzisa [ ukukhangela ukubhalisa ugcino-mkhondo [[FLT:]] ukunika ukhuseleko lokwenyaniso lwexesha lokuhlaziya iposi, kuquka notyikityo lwe-boards. Ngo-Stimeo-sme. Ngo-2021, i-2021, imostate i-Prover i-Sivume iSivume [[, esenziwa ngokusungula iindawo zokuvota kunye nokuvota okuziweyo kokuvota, ukukhangela ukhuseleko okucosa okuzinzileyo okudiweyo.

Iimpawu Zokhuseleko Oluyintloko EKhalifoniya

  • Iivote zephepha zinyanzelekile kuzo zonke iindlela zokuvota.
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi lomngcipheko luqhutywa kulo lonke ukhuphiswano lwaseburhulumenteni, neziphumo ezipapashiweyo kwi-intanethi.
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo sijoliswe ngokunjalo kwaye siphantsi kohlolo lokhuseleko
  • Zonke iinkqubo zokuvota zimele zinconywe nguNobhala kaRhulumente emva kokuphumelela uvavanyo lukarhulumente nolorhulumente.
  • Iimvulophu zeposi ziquka [[FLT: 0] iikhowudi zebhari yeyuninique [ zogcino noqinisekiso.

ETexas: Ukugxininisa Iitraki Noqeqesho Lokuhamba Ngephepha

ITexas ijolise ekuqiniseni izibonelelo zayo zokuvota ngokhetho lwemithetho kunye noqeqesho. Emva konyulo lwama-2020, urhulumente wadlulisela iBhili yeNtsimbi yeNtlanganiso, eyazisa izigunyaziso ezintsha zokhuseleko. Zonke imatshini zokuvota kufuneka ngoku zivelise uphicotho-zincwadi, kwaye imo yelizwe ifake imali eninzi ekuqeqesheni amagosa okhetho kwimikhwa engcono yekhompyutha. Ngaphezu koko, Texas iqhuba uhlolo lokhuseleko lwexesha elithile lwenkqubo yokuvota kwaye iye yaseka i-Ecompute Secuty Mis Mis Mission Task [ Umkhosi wokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwezomthetho, amaqumrhumishini, amaqumrhumi wobugo, kunye nowesizwe.

Iimpawu Zokhuseleko Oluyintloko ETexas

  • Oomatshini abathumayo kufuneka banikezele ngomkhondo wophicotho-zincwadi okhuselweyo (VVPAT).
  • Amagosa okhetho afanele agqibe uqeqesho lwekhompyutha lwaminyaka le olugunyaziswe nguNobhala weLizwe.
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi lokhetho lwasemva kokwenziwa komsebenzi luthelekisa isampuli engakhethiyo yeevoti zamaphepha neziphumo ze-elektroniki.
  • Isiseko sobhaliso lweVoter sidityaniswe kwiSebe loKhuseleko loLuntu laseTexas ukwenzela uhlaziyo lokwenyaniso kunye novavanyo lobuqhetseba.
  • Ababukeli bobuxoki bomhlaba bavunyelwa ukuba bagcine ucwangco baze bathintele ukoyikwa.

IFlorida: Ukuveliswa kwemibutho eshicilelweyo nokuqinisekiswa

Emva kweempikiswano zonyulo lwama 2000, iFlorida iye yaba yinkokeli kulawulo lonyulo nokhuseleko. Imo ifuna ukuba zonke iinkqubo zokuvota ziqinisekiswe yiFlorida Division of Evotions, kwaye isebenzisa inkqubo yobhanki ebanzi yeqela lephepha kunye nothelekiso lomatshini wonke. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente ubeke imali ebalulekileyo yokunyusa izixhobo zokuvota kunye nokuphucula ubunyani, kuquka ukuthathwa kolwamseko lwe-fleti. I-flut-adern iquka ubalo lwencwadi lokubhalisa kunye noluthelekiso lomatshini.

Iimpawu Zokhuseleko Olungundoqo EFlorida

  • Zonke iinkqubo zokuvota kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ukuba zikhuselekile yaye zichanekile ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe.
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi lokhetho lwasemva luquka amanani aphantsi ephepha kwimimandla ekhethekileyo.
  • Amanyathelo okungena kwikhompyutha aquka ukufakwa kwezixhobo zenethwekhi, ukuphandwa kwengxaki nokuxilongwa okuthe rhoqo.
  • Ugcino-lwazi lobhaliso lwe Voter lujongwe ngokunqamlezileyo ngenqwelo-mafutha kunye nesiseko sokhuseleko loluntu.
  • Amanxuwa okuvota angaphambili kufuneka abe namandla okukhusela kwaye akhuseleke kwindawo yokugcina ibhola.

eMichigan: IiBalot zePhepha kunye noPhicotho-zincwadi

Michigan iphumele njengemodeli yokhuseleko lonyulo olujolise ekuboneni ngaphaya kunye nokuqinisekisa. Emva kwenkqubo yesikhokelo enempumelelo ngo-202020, urhulumente ufuna ukuba bonke oomatshini bokuvota ukuze benze ipesenti yephepha enokuthi ibhalwe ngesandla. Uvavanyo lobungozi lwagunyaziswa kulo lonke unyulo lwelizwe oluqala ku-20222, kwaye urhulumente ubeke iziphumo kubhaliso lwendlela yokhuseleko lwezwe lonke. uqhuba kwakhona ubuchule bokhetho kunye nobulungisa bovavanyo lwe-Rhulumente olukhoyo. kwaye uquluqulu lulu lweziphumo zokuhamba-zincwadi lwe-intanethi.

Iimpawu Zokhuseleko Oluyintloko EMichigan

  • Isixokelelwano sokufaka iphepha elinamaphepha ngaphandle komatshini ababotshelelwa ngqo (owe-elektroniki) ngaphandle komzila wephepha.
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi lomngcipheko luqhutywa kulo lonke ukhuphiswano lwaseburhulumenteni.
  • Isiseko sobhaliso lwejelo sivavanywa rhoqo ngokujonga ukuchana kwemiqathango kunye nophicotho lwangaphandle.
  • Amagosa okhetho afumana uqeqesho olunyanzelekileyo olungokwasemgceni ngaphambi konyulo ngalunye.
  • Inkqubo yokufumana iposi inika ubume bexesha lokwenene kubavoti.

IPennsylvania: Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yeli xesha

IPennsylvania ithathe amanyathelo abalulekileyo okulungisa izibonelelo zayo zokuvota. Ngaphantsi komyalelo wama-2019, zonke izicwangciso zokuvota zafuneka ukuthenga iinkqubo zokuvota ezivelisa ingxelo yephepha. Lo rhulumente kwakhona ugunyazisile uphicotho-zincwadi lwasemva konyulo lonyulo ngalunye, nangona ezi zizinto zesithethe ze-aftifiniti ezizinzileyo kunokuba zibe nomngcipheko. Ngo-20222, iPennsylvania yakhupha iNkqubo yokuvota yoKhuselo lwenkqubo yeClabhuty[[ eziquka ukuvavanywa okunzima. Ngaphezu koko, irejiza ngokuba nemisebenzi emininzi ye-IFT, inika uqeqesho olubanzi kubalawuli bonyulo kunye nabasebenzi bephondo, igqubucala elinjenge-atho, ukhuseleko lokhuseleko, ukhuseleko lweziko, kunye nesehlo. [FLD:U.]

Iimpawu Zokhuseleko Olungundoqo EPennsylvania

  • Zonke iinkqubo zokuvota kufuneka ziquke irekhodi yephepha elikhuselweyo.
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi lokhetho lwasemva luqhutywa kwingingqi nganye, neziphumo ezipapashiweyo.
  • Amagosa okhetho agqibezela uqeqesho oluvela kwikhompyutha oluveliswe nguCISA norhulumente.
  • Isiseko sobhaliso lwevoter sinxulumene neSebe lePennsylvania lokwethulwa kwenqanawa ukuze kuqinisekiswe
  • Indawo zokonakalisa zifuneka ukuba zibe nodibaniso olukhuselekileyo lwe-intanethi kunye nokhuseleko olubonakalayo.

IGeorgia: Izifundo Ezisuka Kukhetho Lwakutshanje Lwenkangeleko Ephakamileyo

Uhambo lokhuseleko lonyulo lwe Georgia luye lwahlolisiswa kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kutshintsho olubalulekileyo. Ngoku eli lizwe lisebenzisa inkqubo yelizwe ngokubanzi yezixhobo zophawulo-phawu (BMDs) ezivelisa iphepha lokhuseleko. Ngelixesha oku kubangele ingxoxo ngokhuseleko lwamaBMD ngokuchasene nophawu lwesandla somjikelo wephepha, iGeorgia iphelelise ubugcisa bayo ngokuvavanya okuqinileyo kunye ne-ID yovota. I-Georgia ifuna kwakhona uphicothano-mali-mphicotha lwe-metal[ ukujonganalo lwete yetafile yonyuso, kwaye igunyazisa umthetho wokuba zonke imikhosi yokuvota ihambele ityala ityala. UNobhala we- Georgia we-ofisi ye-Rhulumente ugqiwe ungene [[FFFF] [FFF] kunye neentist yophatho lwezoteptive.

Iimpawu Zokhuseleko Oluyintloko EGeorgia

  • Izixhobo zokuphawula ibhola zivelisa ivoti yephepha enokuthi abavoti bayibuyise phambi kokuba bayifake.
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi lomngcipheko luqhutyelwa ugqatso olukhethiweyo.
  • Isiseko sogcino-lwazi lokubhalisa logcino-lwazi siphicothwa rhoqo ukwenzela iirekhodi ezikotshiweyo okanye ezingachananga.
  • Bonke abasebenzi bonyulo bafumana uqeqesho kwimithetho yokhuseleko nakwityathanga lokugcina umntwana.
  • Iivoti ezifakwayo zifuna utyikityo kwaye zinokubonwa kwi - Internet.

Ohio: Umzekelo Owenziwe Ngedecentralie onolawulo Lwasekuhlaleni Olunamandla

Ukhuseleko lonyulo lwaseOhio luxhomekeke kwindlela elungeleleneyo yolawulo olusemgangathweni wengingqi. Imo ifuna ukuba bonke oomatshini bovota bavelise ingxelo yephepha kunye nesikhokelo sophicotho-zincwadi lwasemva kokhetho kwingingqi nganye. iOhio isebenzisa isiseko sobhaliso sovoti novavanyo oluzenzekelayo. Uphawu olukhethekileyo luyi- [[FLT:] OIIF SEANSERME [[[FLT]]] [[FLT: 1]], olulawula imilinganiselo yokhuseleko nolwahlulele kwiziganeko. Imeko ifake kwi [[FLT:][FLT] [irightiveseaselt] [ist:] [3] umbangongezelelo lwazo, kwaye lubandakanye kwi [FLT] ku-FLD [FFF:]

Iimpawu Zokhuseleko Oluyintloko EOhio

  • Imfuneko yokuvota iphepha kwiinkqubo zonke.
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi lokhetho lwasemva komsebenzi lucatshulwe nguNobhala we-ofisi kaRhulumente.
  • Iibhodi zonyulo lwephondo kufuneka ziqhube uhlolo lokhuseleko minyaka le.
  • Isalathisi sobhaliso lweVoter
  • Uqeqesho lomsebenzi osebenza ngomngcipheko luquka ukuqaphela ukhuseleko kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela.

Imisebenzi engcono nemisebenzi yeFereyithi

Ngeli xesha oorhulumente benobubhetyebhetye, kuvele iindlela ezininzi ezingcono ezixhaswe ngokubanzi ziingcali zokhuseleko lwe-inthanethi namagosa onyulo. COSICA Ukhuseleko lokhetho lunika ukhokelo olulandelwa ngamaphondo amaninzi, kuquka ukwenziwa kwe izilawuli zeCIS [ ukwenzela izibonelelo zonyulo. Uqheliselo olungundoqo luquka:

  • Isiseko sePaperse, iqinisekisa iinkqubo zokuvota ukunikezela ngoxwebhu olunokuphindwa.
  • Rhoqo [[UMTL: 0] uphicotho-mda wophicotho-zincwadi njengolona vavanyo olusebenzayo kwiziphumo ze-elektroniki.
  • ucoceko lweCybersecurity olufana nokuqinisekisa ngezinto ezininzi, ukuthambisa, kunye nokujongwa kwothungelwano.
  • [[Ukhetho:0] uvavanyo lokhetho kunye neepost-evolution windows ukuqinisekisa ucoselelo nokhuseleko.
  • Robust ukhuseleko lwesiseko sogcino-lwazi lwevoti ngophicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo kunye nokufumana okungekho mthethweni.
  • ulwazi oludibanisayo kumaziko e-I-ISAC kunye nodityaniso lombuso.
  • Imfundo ye-Public kunye nokubonakala ngaphaya ukwakha intembelo yomvoti.

EC inikezela [[FLT:] inkqubo yokuvavanya kunye nokuqinisekisa] inkqubo ecwangcisa imigangatho yesizwe. Amazwe amkela iinkqubo eziqikelelwayo angenelwa ekuvavanyweni ngokungqongqo kokhuseleko nosetyenziso. Ngokudibanisa, [[FLT:] umgaqo-nkqubo woncedo lweMelika Vote [[FAT:5] ka 2002 anika inkxaso yemali yesizwe ukuphucula iinkqubo zokuvota, kunye neenkqubo ezilandelayo ziqhubeke ukuxhasa ukhuseleko.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Kukhuseleko Lokhetho

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela, kusekho imingeni ebalulekileyo. Amazwa amaninzi asasebenza ngezixhobo ezaluphalayo ekunzima ukuzikhusela okanye ekungabini nazo umzila wephepha. Ukuxhasa ukuhlaziywa kusoloko kuguquguquka kwaye kuphantsi kwemijikelo yezobupolitika. Olu nyulo lwama-2020 lwabona igalelo elingathethekiyo lokurhoxa kwamagosa onyulo nokuthembana.

Olunye ucelomngeni lufakta olunobuntu. Ngelixesha uqeqesho luphucule, umthamo ophezulu wabasebenzi bokhetho .

Ikamva Lokhuseleko Lokhetho

Ikamva lokhuseleko lonyulo lixhomekeke kwintsebenziswano eqhubekayo phakathi kwamaphondo, amaqumrhu orhulumente, kunye nabaxhasi bobugcisa. ICISA''''''' Ukhuseleko Lokhetho'i-' sele inikela uhlolo lwasimahla lomngcipheko, uvavanyo lonyuselo, kunye neenkonzo zeziganeko kwi-ofisi zonyulo lwasekuhlaleni. Ukwandisa ezi nkqubo kunceda amagunya amancinci kunye noovimba abalinganiselweyo. Ngaphezu koko, ubugcisa obutsha obunje bloctainchain-diation syst[[] iyahlolwa, nangona zisekhona ziphikisana kwaye zingavavanywanga unyulo olukhulu.

Amazwe ahamba asiya kufumana umida wobuphicotho-zincwadi obunemida yomngcipheko jikelele, kunye nomthetho olindele ukugunyazisa i-RLS kuzo zonke ii-dsts. Brennan Center yeJaji[ kunye neminye imibutho engangeniyo yecandelo iyaqhubeka ixhasa imigangatho nenkxaso yorhulumente eyomeleleyo. Njengoko izisongelo zilindele ukubhalisa i-RLD, kufuneka zixhomekeke kwisiseko esikhuselekileyo, esikhanyayo, nesibanzi senkqubo ephindaphindwayo. Imizekelo emiswe ngamaxesha afana neKhalifoni, Michigan, kunye neFlorida ibonisa ukuba ngotyalo, uqeqesho, kunye nonyulo, ukhuseleko lungaqiniswa kakhulu ngaphandle kokufumana ungeniso.

Ekugqibeleni, ukhuseleko lonyulo asiyondawo yokuya kuyo kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphaphamela. Ngokubelana ngezenzo ezingcono, ukuqokelela izibonelelo nokuhlala ngaphambi kwezisongelo ezivelayo, amaphondo anokuqhubeka ekhusela ingqibelelo yabo bonke abavoti.