Ukukhula Kocelomngeni Lokwanda Kolwazi

Kwixesha lanamhlanje lamanani, abantu bafumana ulwazi oluninzi ngosuku olunye kunezizukulwana ezidlulileyo eziye zadibana ngonyaka. Oku kuqukunjelwa rhoqo kokuqulethwe, kuhlaziywa kolwazi lwezentlalo kunye nentengiselwano yeendaba kumaziko e-Web si sisixhobo sobugcisa kunye noncomo lwevidiyo, kudala into edidayo: ulwazi oluninzi alukhokeleli ukuphucula. Endaweni yoko, umqulu opheleleyo wenza kube nzima ukwahlula izibakala ezinokuthenjwa kwiintelekelelo ezizikhohlisayo. Ubuchule bokuvavanya ulwazi ngokunzulu abusekho buchule bokongeza; lukhuphiswano olungundoqo kuye na ubani ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba ngobuchule obunentsingiselo kwibutho labantu.

Ukungagqibeki kolwazi kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunanini na ngaphambili, isoloko idlula imigudu yokulungisa. Ibali lobuxoki lifikelela abantu abaninzi kwaye lihamba ngaphezulu kunenyaniso phantse kuzo zonke iindidi zenkcazelo. Oku kubeka umthwalo ngokusisigxina kubantu ukuze bavelise imikhwa enzima. Ngaphandle kwale mikhwa, abemi basengozini yokwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kugcino-lwazi olungaphelelanga okanye olugqwethiweyo, nokuba ezo zigqibo zibandakanya ukhetho lwezempilo, ungeniso lwemali, okanye izikhundla zezopolitiko. Ukushwa kwe-pew Research Center[ kubonisa ukuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemizabala yolwaluko loluntu ulwahlulo lokwahlula phakathi kwezibako noluvo, iqinisekisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yolwazi olungcono.

Ukuqonda Ukufunda

Isizathu Sokuba Ulwazi Lubaluleke Kakhulu Kunangaphambili

Ukukwazi ukufunda ulwazi kubuchule bokuqonda xa ulwazi lufuneka kwaye lufuna, luvavanya, lusebenzise loo nkcazelo ngokuphumelelayo. Kufuna ukuba umntu abuze, aqiniseke, aqonde umongo. Kwimeko apho nabani na enokupapasha nantoni na engajongwanga kakhulu, ukukwazi ukubhalisa ulwazi kuba yeyona nto iphambili ekuchaseni ukurhwebezwa nokuphazanyiswa.

Imeko ziphezulu. Kwiziko lempilo, ukukholelwa ukuba ulwazi oluphosakeleyo lungakhokelela ekuzinyangweni okanye ekugonyeni ngokungxama. Kwimali, ukwenza ngenkcazelo embi kungaphumela ekulahlekelweni yimali. Kwimfuza yoluntu, ukulahlekiswa kwenkcazelo kungaphelisa ukuthembana kwimigangatho yedemokhrasi kunye nemimandla ehlukeneyo. Abantu abakwaziyo ukufunda ulwazi bayakwazi ukukwazi kakuhle ukuqhuba ezi ngxaki kuba basondela kwintwana nganye equlethweyo benombuzo obalulekileyo. Abavumi banokufumana iimfuno zobuphini obuphambili, babuze ukuba ngubani owadala okuquleyo kunye nokuba kutheni, baze bahlole nokuba bukho na ubungqina obuxhasayo.

Inxenye ye projekti yolwazi lokufunda

Ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kuxhomekeke kwimincimpano emininzi edibeneyo. Okokuqala kubuchule bokuchaza umlinganiselo wolwazi olufunekayo. Ngaphambi kokuba luphengululwe, umhloli onobuchule ucacisa oko bakufunayo kunye nesizathu. Okwesibini kuphuma uphengululo ngokwalo, olufuna ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa i-database, ii-enjini zokuphendla, nezinye izixhobo. Okwesithathu, kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu kule ngxoxo, kukuhlola, ukufumanisa enoba umthombo uyathenjwa, uchanile, kwaye ufanelekile ekusetyenzisweni kwawo. Okwesine kukusetyenziswa kolwazi, okuquka ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kokuxhasa nokuhlonela izinto zolwazi. Okokugqibela, ulwazi luquka ukukwazi ukunxibelelana nezakhono ezicacileyo kwabanye.

Ezi zikhuphiswano azimi ndawonye. Ziguquka njengokuba utshintsho lobugcisa kunye nentlobo ezintsha zesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi zivela. Umzekelo, ukuhlolwa kwevidiyo iTikTok kufuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunokuvavanya inqaku elijongwa ngoontanga. Imfundo yolwazi kufuneka iqhelane nezi nguquko, unceda abafundi basebenzise imigaqo engaphelelwa lixesha kwiifomati ezininzi.

Ukwakha Isakhiwo Semithombo Egudileyo

Uvavanyo LweCRAAP

Esinye isicwangciso esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwemvelaphi luvavanyo lwe-CRAAP, isingxengxezo esimela imali, iRelevance, iGunya, ucoselelo, kunye nenjongo. Le ndlela yocwangciso inceda abahloli bagocagoci ngokulandelelana komlinganiso ngamnye wemvelaphi. Imali ibuza: lunini olu lwazi lupapashiwe okanye lokugqibela? uRelevance uyabuza: Ingaba olu lwazi luphendula ngqo umbuzo okhoyo? Igunya libuza: ngubani umbhali okanye umvakalisi, kwaye yintoni isiqinisekiso sabo? Unyani uyabuza: ulwazi luxhaswa bubungqina kunye nobungqina obuvela kwezinye iziqumrhu? Injongo zibuza: Yintoni injongo ephambili kwesi sambatho, kwaye kukho nayiphi nayiphi na imbono?

Ukusebenzisa uvavanyo lweCRAAP nakweliphi na icandelo lokuqulathiweyo kunika isiseko esiqinileyo sokuhlola. Umzekelo, ukuba udibana nentengiso yempilo kwi-media yentlalo-ntle, ungakhawuleza uqwalasele imali ngokuhlola umhla wempapasho, okunceda ngokuqwalasela ukuba isaziso siyasebenza kusini na kwimeko yakho, igunya ngokuphanda iposi yesiqalo, ucoselelo olunqamlezekileyo ngemida yezamayeza, kwaye injongo ishiyeke ngokuqwalasela ukuba iposi izama ukuthengisa imveliso okanye ukukhuthaza amacebo athile. [[FLT: 0] iCRAAP yaveliswa kwiYunivesithi yaseKhalifoniya, i-CCO[FLT] kwaye ihlala ikho eluncedo ekuqaleni kwabo bonke abafundi.

Ngaphaya Kovavanyo Lwe - CRAAP

Ngelixesha uvavanyo lweCRAAP luluncedo, lunemiqathango. Luyilelwe kuqala imeko-bume yemfundo kwaye lungangeniswa ngokupheleleyo, ukusingqongileyo okukhawulezayo kwemithetho-algorithi-drive yesixhobo sokusebenza soluntu sangoku. Abaququzeleli abaqhubela phambili bongeza uvavanyo lweCRAAP ngolunye ucwangciso olongezelelweyo. olunye ucwangciso luphengululo lokuphanda ngemali yemvelaphi nobuni. I-Projekthi yemibutho enezilangazelelo ezithile zezobupolitika inganikela ulwazi ngendlela ekhutshiweyo, nokokuba inqaku ngalinye lidibana nemilinganiselo esisiseko yococelo.

Enye ingqwalasela ephambili kukusetyenziswa kobungqina obungaphakathi komthombo ngokwawo. Inqaku elithembekileyo alithethi nje; linika ucaphulo, amakhonkco, ikhonkco kwimithombo eyintloko, okanye iimbekiselo kuphando olupapashiweyo. Ukuba umthombo wenza iingqikelelo ezingqinelanayo ngaphandle kobungqina obuxhasayo, yiflegi ebomvu. Ngokufanayo, abaqwalaseli kufuneka bakhangele ulwimi lwemvakalelo olucetyelwe ukuvuselela intsabelo kunokuzisa. Izihloko zesandi, iingongoma ezigqithisileyo, kunye nolwimi olukhuthaza ukoyika okanye umsindo lusoloko lubonisa ukudityaniswa noko kuyila ukuchana.

Ukuqonda Iintlobo Ezahlukileyo Zeebhiya

Uqinisekiso

Omnye wemiqobo eqhubekayo ekuxilongweni ngokuchanileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana, utyekelo lokuxhasa inkcazelo engqina iinkolelo ezikhoyo. Yonke into ifumana ulwahlulo. Kusisixhobo esinqumla ingqondo esigcina amandla obuchopho kodwa sikhokelela ekucingeni okugqwethiweyo. Xa uhlalutyo, ukuqinisekisa imbono yocalulo kubangela abantu bamkele iingcamango ezihambisana nokujongwa kwehlabathi ngaphandle kokulithobela kuhlolo olufanayo abaya kusebenzisa kwiimbono eziphikisanayo.

Ukuqinisekisa ucalucalulo kufuna umgudu wangabom. Enye indlela esebenzayo kukuzama ngamandla ukujonga iimbono eziphikisanayo. Ukuba ufunda inqaku eliqinisa uluvo lwakho, zinike ixesha lokuphengulula iziphumo eziqikelelwe kakuhle ezivela kwimithombo ethembekileyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba ushiye indawo yakho; kuthetha ukuyivavanya ngeyona ndlela ikhoyo. Obunye ubuchule kukucotha inkqubo yakho yokuhlola. Endaweni yokokuba uthathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza kumxholo okanye isiqinisekiso, nqumama uze ubuze enoba uyalwamkela kusini na olu lwazi ukuba luvela kumthombo ongaqhelanga okanye ophikisanayo.

Amajelo Amajelo Oondaba Nezobupolitika

Imibutho yamaphephandaba yahluka kakhulu kwiindlela zayo zokuhlela. Eminye imibutho elungelelanisiweyo yokulungelelanisa ingxelo nomahluko phakathi kweendaba noluvo. Eminye idityaniswa nengxelo, yenza kube nzima ukuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bahlule inyani ngokwembono. Iitshati zomxube wobuMedia, njengazo zaveliswa ngu Ad Fontes Media kunye ne Alle Sides, inika imifanekiso ebonakalayo apho iingcaphuzo ezahlukeneyo zezobupolitika ziwela khona kwimiba yezopolitiko nendlela ezithembeke ngayo. Ezi tshati ziluncedo, kodwa kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngobulumko. Akukho tshati itshati igqibelele, kwaye amanqaku akwimpapasho anokusuka kwireji yomlinganiselo opheleleyo we-Ad trans.

Indlela ethembeke kakhulu kukufunda ububanzi boluhlu. Ukuba ibali leendaba libalulekile, bona indlela eziphuma ngayo ngemihlathi eyahlukeneyo yabahleli eligquma ngayo. Thelekisa ukusetyenziswa kwemingxube, imithombo ecatshulweyo, kunye nezibakala ezigxininisiweyo. Iingongoma zesivumelwano ngaphaya kwezingeniso ezininzi zinokuba zezona zinokuthenjwa, ngelixesha iincam zokungavumelani zibalaselisa apho utoliko kunye nekhethelo zidlala indima enkulu. Oku kunqamleza kwendlela yokufunda umkhwa kwenza uqonde ngakumbi imibandela entsonkothile.

Iziko Lemithetho Yokwenza Okuthile

Ngaphandle kocalucalulo lomntu, i-algorithm ezithi amandla enjini yokuphendla kunye namaqonga olwazi lwezentlalo azise ukugqwethwa kwazo. Ezi mithetho zenzelwe ukwandisa ukuganana, hayi ukuchana. Zicwangcisa umxholo ogcina abasebenzisi behlisa benyusa, benqakraza, besabelana. Eemvakalelo, bephikisana, yaye benomtsalane, intsingiselo ebangela ukuba ukwenziwa kwe-algorithm kusoloko kuvelisa uhlobo olulufuna uvavanyo olunobuchule.

Abasebenzisi banganciphisa uqhekeko lwe-algorithm ngokuhlaziya ukutyiwa kolwazi lwabo. Landela iingcali kwimimandla enxulumeneyo, bophelela kumaphephandaba afumana imithombo ephezulu yomgangatho, kwaye sebenzisa abasebenzisi bophendlo ukufumana uhlobo oluthile lolwakho. Ukucima ingcebiso zobuqu xa kunokwenzeka kunciphisa isiphumo segumbi lesandi. Injongo kukuthatha ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kolwazi kunokuba uvumele amanani alawule oko ukubonayo.

Izicwangciso ezisebenzisekayo zokuhlola ulwazi lwamihla le

Ukufunda Emva

Ufundo lwasemva bubuchule obusetyenziswa ngabakhangeli-lwazi benyaniso. Endaweni yokuhlala kwi-website enye nokuqwalasela okuqulethweyo ngokuzihlalela, ukufunda okulandelayo kubandakanya ukuvula ii-tab ezintsha ukuphanda ngomthombo, umbhali, kunye nezibhengezo. Le ndlela ikhawulezile kwaye isebenza kakhulu kunokufunda ngokuthe nkqo, okuxhomekeke ekuvavanyeni uyilo lwesigqeba, igama lendawo, okanye malunga nephepha. Abakhangeli-lwazi bento basebenzisa rhoqo ukufunda okulandelayo ukuqinisekisa ulwazi, kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba luvelisa iziphumo ezingcono kuneendlela ezithile.

Ukuqhelisela ukufunda okulandelayo, xa udibana nento ongayiqhelanga okanye umthombo, vula itab yesikhangeli esitsha. Khangela igama lomthombo kunye namagama afana "nobuchule," "ukwenziwa," okanye "ukwenziwa kwento." Jonga uhlolo oluzimeleyo olusuka kwimiboniso yeendaba, inqaku lemfundo, okanye imibutho ekhangela inyani. Ukuba ikhawulezileyo ibandakanya amanani okanye ucaphulo, phendla imvelaphi yantlandlothi lwalo data. Ukuhamba unqumla ulwe nge web kukunika umfanekiso opheleleyo kunokuba uhlale kwiphepha elinye.

Indlela ye-SIFT

Indlela yeSIFT inika esinye isakhiwo esisebenzisekayo, ephuhliswa yingcali yokukwazi ukufunda namanani Mike Caulfield. I-SIFT imela i-Stop, i-Pintetemote imvelaphi, Fumana intluphetho engcono, kunye neTrace ithelekisa intsingiselo yokuqala. Inyathelo lokuqala, inqanyulwe, inqanda, ibalulekile. Phambi kokuba kwabelana okanye ukusebenza kulwazi, nqumama kwaye wenze isigqibo esiphandle sokuyiqwalasela. Inyathelo lesibini, i-Pintegrancetetete ibandakanya ukukhangela ukuba ngubani owadala okuquleyo kunye nobuchule okanye obenzelenze babuya bazise. Inyathelo lesithathu, fumana ukuba iziphumo zimelene.

SIFT yenzelwe ukuba ikhawuleze kwaye iphumelele. Izibhengezo ezininzi zingavavanywa ngaphantsi komzuzu usebenzisa le ndlela. Ayifuni ubuchule obunzulu kumxholo, kuphela ukukulungela ukukhangela phambi kokuthemba. Umzekelo, ukuba umfanekiso we virus ubonakala ubonisa isiganeko esiphawulekayo, uphumeza uphendlo olubuya umva lomfanekiso nokukhangela imithombo yendaba enesidima ingaqinisekisa ukuba umfanekiso ukhona kwaye ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Ujikelezo lwemvelaphi

Imvelaphi yokuzimela kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ulwazi ubuncinane ngemithombo emithathu ezimeleyo, ethembekileyo. Eli cebo libaluleke kakhulu kwizigqibo eziphezulu zonyango, imicimbi engokwasemthethweni, okanye iimbopheleleko ezinkulu zemali. Xa imithombo emithathu ethembekileyo ivumelana ngenyaniso, intembelo kule nyaniso iyakhula kakhulu. Xa imithombo ingavumelani, ukuphikisana ngokwako kunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo oluntsonkothileyo okanye olukhuphiswano lwendalo yenkupho.

Ukuzinzisa okunempumelelo kufuna ukuzimela okunyanisekileyo phakathi kwemithombo. Ukuba iindawo ezimbini zokukhupha iindaba zenkampani enye yomzali, intelekelelo yazo isenokungabi yeyayo ngokwenene. Ngokufanayo, ukuba imithombo emininzi ikhankanya ufundo olunye okanye ukhupho olunye, ayinikeli siqinisekiso esizimeleyo. Jonga imithombo eyafumana inkcazelo yayo kuphando olwahlukileyo, iingcali ezahlukeneyo, okanye imimandla eyahlukeneyo.

Izixhobo kunye novavanyo lobugcisa oluxhasayo

Isiseko sedata sokuchonga- senyaniso

Imibutho emininzi ezinikeleyo ekhangela isibakala inikela uhlolo oluqinisekisiweyo lwezibhengezo zeentsholongwane. I-Snopets, iCheck.org, i-Politifact, kunye nehlabathi Lonke Iziphumo- Ezisemgangathweni zigcina isiseko sogcino-lwazi apho abasebenzisi banokukhawuleza bakhangele ukuba ngaba intengo sele iphendulwe. Snopeps SNOP]S[INT]] ibiye yalahla kwaye iqinisekisa amarhebetho kwi-intanethi ukususela ngo-1990 kwaye igqumathelisa uludwe olubanzi lwemixholo. Le mibutho ipapashini yayo, kuquka indlela abakhetha ngayo izikhankatho, oko bakwamkela ngayo, nendlela abalumkela ngayo umlinganiselo wocoselelo.

Izihlomelo Zomkhangeli zincwadi Nongeniso

Isikhangeli sinikezela ngomxholo wexesha lokwenene malunga nemithombo odibana nayo. I-Opager, ekhoyo kwizona zikhulu zabakhangeli, ibonisa uvavanyo lwe ngxelo kunye neewebhsayithi zolwazi ezisekelwe kwinkcukacha ezisithoba zomcholacholi-ndaba, kuquka ukuba inxulumani likhupha umxholo wobuxoki ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nokuba liyawuchaza ngokucacileyo uluvo, nokuba iyawuchaza na lobumnini. Olunye ulwandiso oluncedayo ngokuqinisekisa umfanekiso, ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba baguqulele uphando ngqo kumntu okhangela umkhangeli. Ezi zixhobo aziluchazi zigqibelelanga ugcino-lwazi olubalulekileyo, kodwa zisebenza njengezinqumlisi eziluncedo, ingakumbi xa ixesha lilinganiselwe.

Iindlela zokufunda ezisetyenziswa ngamaziko eendaba

Amathuba okufunda alungiselelwe anokubuphucula ubuchule bokujonga. Iplatform enjenge Courra, edX, kunye ne- News Literacy Project inika izifundo zesisa neziphantsi zolwazi kulwazi lweziteshi, uvavanyo lolwazi, kunye nokucingela ukugxeka. Ezi zikolo zidla ngokuquka imithambo edibeneyo, uphando, kunye neengcebiso ezinceda abafundi basebenzise ubuchule babo kwiimeko ezisengqiqweni. [[FLT: 0] Iprojekthi ye-Andrillicking [[[FLT: 1]] ibonelela ngokukhethekileyo abafundisi nabafundi, kodwa izinto zayo ziluncedo kumntu ofuna ukuphucula ubuchule babo bokujonga iindaba nolwazi nolwazi. Ukulungiselela indlela elungele ubuchule bokwakha.

Ukukhuthaza Isithethe Seengcamango Ezimaxongo

Kwimimiselo Yemfundo

Izikolo neeyunivesithi zidlala indima engundoqo ekuphuhliseni ulwazi. Noko ke, ukufundwa kolwazi kudla ngokujongwa njengesifundo esinye sonyaka omnye kunokuthathwa njengenxalenye edityanisiweyo yohlelo lokufundisa. Esona sifundo sisebenzayo solwazi lokuhlola ubuchule be-embed ukutyhubela imibandela. Kwiklasi yembali, abafundi bahlolisisa imithombo esisiseko. Kwiklasi yenzululwazi, bahlolisisa indlela yolwazi kunye nomlinganiselo womlinganiselo. Kwiklasi yezolwazi, bahlolisisa ukuxilonga nokuquzelela. Xa besenza ingqwalaselo engqiqwenileyo, iba ngumkhwa kunokuba ibe ngumsebenzi owedwa.

Abafundisi-mfundo bayakwazi ukuqwalasela imodeli ngokucinga ngokuvakalayo xa befumana inkcazelo entsha. Banganika nabafundi imisebenzi efuna ukuba babhale amaxwebhu kwiindawo ezininzi zemithombo baze bachaze oko bakufumeneyo. Uphando lufanele ludlulele ngaphaya kokukhumbula ukuze luquke imisebenzi yokuhlola, njengokucela abafundi ukuba bagwebe ukuthembeka komthombo othile baze bachaze indlela abacinga ngayo.

Emsebenzini

Abaqeshi baya bakuqonda ukubaluleka kwabaqeshwa abanokuyivavanya ngokunempumelelo inkcazelo. Ukungachani kwendlela engafanelekanga, ubuncwane obuchithwayo, kunye nomonakalo odumileyo. Iintlangano zingakhuthaza ukucingela amaqhinga ngokunikela uqeqesho lokuhlola imvelaphi, ngokukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba bathandabuze iimpikiswano ezithe ngqo, kwaye bafumane iingenelo ezixhaswayo kunokuba bathethe ngentembelo. Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi lufanele lumisele imilinganiselo efanayo yokuchananisa nokubonakala okulindeleke ukuba abasebenzi basebenzise kuphando lwabo lwangaphandle.

Kwiingxubusho Zoluntu

Iintsapho, abahlobo, kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni anokukhuthaza ukufundiswa kwenkcazelo ngeencoko zemihla ngemihla. Xa umntu ethetha ngenqaku leendaba okanye i-media yezentlalo, ebuza imibuzo elula efana nethi "Uyibonile phi le nto? okanye "Ngaba ikho imvelaphi yelo mba?" ingakhawulezisa ingxubusho ekhawulezileyo ngaphandle kwengxwabangxwaba. Iingingqi, iilayibrari, ingakumbi, zikho namaziko athenjiweyo anokunikela ugcino-mali kunye nokuqeqeshwa kolwazi kwimithombo yezakhono.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Inkqubo Yolwazi Elungelelanisiweyo

Ukukhupha ulwazi kwisizukulwana samanani asibobuchule obunokufundwa kanye buze bubekwe bucala. Kufuna uqheliselo oluqhubekayo, uqhelaniso lobugcisa obutsha, nokukulungela ukubuza kwananomthombo oqhelekileyo. Izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezichazwe kweli nqaku zinika isiseko, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo lukuzinikela komntu kwinyaniso nokuchana. Ngaliphi na ixesha umntu enquma phambi kokuba abelane, ahlole umthombo, okanye afune imbono ephikisayo, zinegalelo kwimpucuko exabiseke kakhulu kwiimvakalelo nemeko ezingaphaya koncedo.

Abemi abaxhotyiswe ngobuchule bokujonga izinto basengozini yokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi kwaye bayakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezihambelana nezilangazelelo zabo kunye nemilinganiselo yabo. Bakwanyamezela ngakumbi ukuncitshiswa kwentembelo ebangelwa yinkcazelo ephosakeleyo. Kwindawo yamajelo eendaba eyahlukeneyo, ukukwazi ukuvavanya ulwazi akuyongenelo nje yobuqu; luxanduva loluntu. Ngokumkela le mbopheleleko, abantu banceda ukwakha indalo eluncedo kumntu ngamnye, hayi nje abo bakhwaza kakhulu okanye abachitha kakhulu ekusasazeni. Umsebenzi wokuhlola uqala kumntu ngamnye, kodwa iziphumo zayo zisuka kuluntu oluseluhlalweni olusempilweni nakulawuleni onamandla.