Ukulawula uphuhliso lwasedolophini kwimimandla ekhukulisekileyo:

Inkqubela engafanelekanga kumhlaba okhukuliseke imposiso, kungekuphela nje kungonakalisa ubomi kunye nempahla kodwa ikwanyusa ukukhukuliseka komsinga ngokutshintsha imigangatho engangeni manzi ehamba ngendlela engangeni manzi, iindawo zokupaka, kunye nezakhiwo. Izibonda ziphezulu: i-FLT:0] Federal Emergency Management Management Agency Agency (FEMA) [[FLM]] iqikelela ukuba ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini eentlekele zendalo eUnited States ibandakanya ukuphuphuma, kwaye umonakalo okhukula ubiza ilizwe elingamawaka ezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka. Ulawulo olunempumelelo alukho nje malunga nokwakha iindongangendlela esiwakha ngayo, indlela esizigcina ngayo iinkqubo zendalo, nendlela esilungiselela ngayo ukusabela nokufumana.

Ukuqonda iingozi zomkhukula: Isiseko sogcino-lwazi esinempembelelo

Inyathelo lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo ekulawuleni inkqubela-phambili kwimimandla enezikhukula zemvula liphuhlisa ubuchule obunzulu, obusetyenziswa yidata obuzinzileyo bobungozi obukhethekileyo kummandla wobuso. Oku asikokwenza imithambo yexesha elinye kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo emele ibandakanya ugcino-lwazi lwembali, iziphumo zemozulu, kunye nokuhlola ixesha lokwenene. Ngaphandle kohlolo oluchanileyo lwengozi, zonke izicwangciso nezigqibo zotyalo lwemali ezilandelayo zenziwa kumhlaba ongaqinisekanga.

Ugcino - lwazi Lwembali Ngomkhukula Nokuzoba

Ukuhlolisisa iziganeko zembali ezinika isiseko solwazi lweendawo ezisengozini kakhulu. Iimaphu ezichaza umkhukula, njenge-FEMA's Module Inday Memeters (FIRM), i-dilinete iSigalelo esikhethekileyo seMkhukula Iindawo (SFHA) apho inkqubela phambili iphantsi kwemigaqo engqongqo. Noko ke, ezi maphu zisoloko ziphelelwe lixesha kwaye azinakuba ngxelo yenkqubela phambili yakutshanje okanye iinguqulelo zemvula. Izixeko kufuneka zifake ingeniso rhoqo kuhlaziyo, ukukhutshwa kwemaphu yempulumza ebonisa iimeko zangoku kwaye zibandakanya ugcino-data kwimijelo yemi nakwiingxelo zemvula zasekuhlaleni.

Utshintsho lwendlela ebonakala ngayo imozulu

Imeko-bume kunye neendawo ezinamanzi

Ukuqonda umhlaba obonakalayo kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Izinto ezifana nokukhukhuliseka komhlaba, ukuma komhlaba, ubungakanani obumanzi, kunye nokusondela kwimilambo okanye kunxweme konke oku kuphembelela ukuziphatha komkhukula. Iingingqi ezinomhlaba wodongwe ongenakugungqiswa okanye amathambeka angafumana ukhukuliseko olukhawulezileyo, ngelixesha imimandla esezantsi esezantsi ejongene nokuzala nokurhoxa kolwandle okungapheliyo kunye nokukhukula koqhwithela. Inkcazo ye-hyrologic kunye ne-hydralism i-atrometics iyakwazi ukulinganisa indlela amanzi ahamba ngayo kumhlaba ngexesha leziganeko zoqhwitho, ukukhokela izigqibo malunga nendawo ekunokuvela kuyo.

Ukusebenzisa Ukuceba Nokuzilungisa

Ucwangciso lomhlaba yenye yezona zixhobo zinamandla zokulawula umngcipheko wesikhukula. Ngokulawula indawo nenkqubela-phambili, uluntu lungakuphepha ukubeka abantu kunye nempahla ngendlela eyingozi ngeli xesha lugcina iinkqubo zendalo ezidambisa ukhukuliseko. Ucwangciso olunempumelelo lwelizwe lufuna ukudityaniswa kwemilinganiselo yokulawula, izihlomelo, kunye nokubona ixesha elide.

IMiqathango yoMkhukula neMiqathango yoPhuhliso

Enye yezona ndlela zithe ngqo kukuchaza iindawo ezinamanzi aphezulu apho inkqubela ithintelwe okanye ithintelwe. Uluntu oluninzi luye lwamkela imithetho elawula ukwakhiwa kwemimandla ekwikhulu leminyaka yezikhukula, ifuna ukuba nayiphi na inkqubela-phambili inyuswe ngaphezu komkhukula osisiseko. Ezinye imigaqo zihambela phambili, ziseka "akukho kwakhiwa" amacandelo akwimimandla ephezulu ephezulu kwaye zisebenzisa ezi zithuba zeepaki, izigcini-mente zendalo, okanye ezolimo.

Uthutho lwamalungelo oPhuhliso

Ukulungelelanisa amalungelo empahla kunye nolawulo lokhukuliseko, amanye amaqela asebenzisa ukudluliswa kwamalungelo ophuhliso (TDR) iinkqubo ezivumela abemi belizwe kwimimandla enezikhukula ukuba bathengise inkqubela yabo kwimimandla engachanabekanga ekukhukulisekeni. Oku kubuyisela umgangatho wabaphathi bempahla ngeli xesha beqhuba ulwando kwimimandla ephezulu. Izihlomelo zerhafu, iibhonasi zoxinasi, kunye nokukhawuleza ukuvumela iprojekthi kwimimandla esezantsi kungakhuthaza iipakethi zophuhliso ezichuliweyo.

Uyilo lokwakha oluzinzileyo lokhukula

Apho inkqubela ivunyelwayo kwiindawo ezinezamkelo, ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo kufuneka zilungise imilinganiselo yokuzinzisa. Oku kuquka ukuphakamisa izinto kwimibhobho okanye ekuzaliseni, kusetyenziswa izinto ezinomkhukula ezifana nekonkrithi, intsimbi, kunye nezixhobo zoxinzelelo, kunye nokwenza iinkqubo ezisebenza ngokugqithisileyo kunye nomatshini zokufumana ngaphezulu komgangatho onokwenzeka. Ubuchule bokukhusela isikhukula, obuvumela amanzi ukuba ahambe kumgangatho osezantsi wesakhiwo, kunye nokhukula olomileyo, oluqinisa imvulo-wakhelo yokwakha ukugcina amanzi ngaphandle, zombini zinokuba fanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kubunzulu nobuninzi bomkhukula.

Ugcino Nokubuyiselwa Kwezakhiwo Eziluhlaza

Ukugcina izithuba eziluhlaza ezinokuthi zifumane amanzi agqithisileyo yenye yezona zicwangciso zokukhupha umkhukula obiza imali eninzi. Imiphakamo, indawo emanzi neventimenti yemisonto yezigcini-ndlela zisebenza njengezinto zokuhamba zendalo, zinciphisa ukuphuma nokucotha kwamanzi. Izixeko zingadibanisa izibonelelo eziluhlaza kwiplani ezisetyenziswa emhlabeni ngokufuna izithuba ezivulekileyo kumacala asezantsi, ukwenza iinethwekhi ezingaphakathi kwamanzi aluhlaza ngasemanzini, nokubuyisela indlwane ehlaza. Ezi zikhephe eziluhlaza zinika kwakhona ukuzonwabisa, indalo, kunye ne-astessics ezinika inzuzo ekhulisa ubunjani bobomi.

Ukwakha imigaqo nemithetho: Ukuphakamisa umgangatho

Ukusebenzisa ikhowudi yokwakha engqongqo, ekwikhowudi yokwakha ekwixeshana kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo zingamelana namandla okhukhuliseko. Ikhowudi zokwakha zimisela imilinganiselo encinci yoyilo, yolwakhiwo, nezixhobo, kwaye kufuneka zihlaziywe rhoqo ukuze zibonise ulwazi lwakutshanje lobunjineli kunye neeprojekthi zemozulu. Ikhowudi yokwakha yezizwe ngezizwe (IBC) kunye nemithetho ye-International Residelity (IRC) ibandakanya imiqathango yokhukhuliseko, kodwa uluntu lungamkela iziphelo ezithenjiweyo eziluqikeleleneyo zobulali ukucotha kwiingozi zalo.

Iimfuno Zonyuso

Izakhiwo eziphakamisa ngaphezu komphezulu womkhukula zilelona lalelona lale mbombo lolwakhiwo lwezikhukula ezizinzileyo. Unyuko olufunekayo luxhomekeke kumngcipheko womkhukula, ngemithetho emininzi efuna umgangatho osezantsi ubuncinane omnye ngaphezu komphezulu womkhukula. Kwiindawo ezinentshukumo yamaza okanye uqukuqelo oluphezulu, ubude obuphezulu bebhodi ekhululekileyo bungafunyanwa ngogcwaliso, iintsika, iintsika, okanye izigqumo, ukuvumela amanzi adlule ngaphantsi kwesakhiwo ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo.

Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezinokusetyenziswa ngomkhukula

Izinto zokwakha ezinokumelana nokuchanabeka emanzini nokomisa zibalulekile ekunciphiseni umonakalo wokhukula. Inkqubo ye-Inshorensi ye-Inshorensi yoMkhukula wesizwe (NFIP) inika ukhokelo kwizixhobo ezikhukulayo zeendawo ezahlukeneyo. Igwebu elivaliweyo lengqayi elikumgangatho ophantsi, iiyunithi zekonkrithi, intsimbi yokufaka, kunye nethayile yebreyithi yebreyidi ye-injini ye-injini zimizekelo yezinto ezithintela ukufunxeka kwamanzi kwaye kulula ukucoca. Izinto ezifana ne-fiberboard, ikhaphethi, kunye ne-gcypum yebboard yebhreyibhu eqinileyo kufuneka zikhutshwe ngaphantsi komkhukula.

Ukugutyula Nendawo Egudisiweyo

Isigqeba esifanelekileyo sokukhutshwa kwemibhobho kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi kuyimfuneko ukukhankanya amanzi ukusuka kwizakhiwo. Imithetho kufuneka ifune ukuba amaqashiso abekwe kwindawo ephezulu ukusuka kwizakhiwo, kunye nee-scale, i-culters, kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela intloko zenkqubo ezilungiselelwe ukuphatha ukususwa okulindelekileyo kwisiganeko esikhulu soqhwithela. ICurb, iiverhe ezinokusetyenziswa, kunye nezitiya zemvula zingehlisa umthwalo kwiinkqubo zamanzi omoya ngelixa ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi.

Uhlolo oluthe rhoqo kunye nohlaziyo lwekhowudi

Imigaqo yokwakha isebenza kuphela ukuba iyanyanzeliswa ngokuqhubekayo. Iziko kufuneka zifake imali kubasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abanokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo ludibana nonyuko, izinto, kunye neemfuno zokukhupha amanzi. Ngaphezu koko, imigaqo kufuneka ijongwe ize ihlaziywe rhoqo ukuze ifumane izifundo ezifundwa kwiinkcitho zakutshanje, uphando olutsha, kunye nokuguquguquka kwemozulu. Umjikelo ongqongqo weminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu unconyelwe ukuba ugcine ubuchule.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha inqwelo-moya: uBunjineli

Izibonelelo zeRobust yisiseko solawulo olunempumelelo lokhukula. Ngeli xesha kusetyenziswa kunye nekhowudi zokwakha idilesi yesakhiwo ngasinye, iinkqubo zeskeyile zoluntu ziyafuneka ukulawula imiqulu emikhulu yamanzi eveliswe zizaqhwithi ezigqithisileyo. Uthungelwano lwezibonelelo olucwangcisiweyo olulungelelanisiweyo ludibanisa ulawulo lwezikhukula kunye nenkqubo zendalo ukwenza ubushushu nokuguquka komzimba.

IiLevoes, Iingxangxasi Nemiqobo

Ulawulo lwezikhukula ezizinzileyo ezinjengeleves, udonga olukhukulisekileyo, kunye noqhwithela olugaleleko lunika umgangatho ophezulu wokhuseleko kwiindawo ezixineneyo zasedolobheni. Abalawuli baseLeves bangamathambeka odongwe anyuse umgangatho womhlaba ngasemlanjeni okanye elunxwemeni, ngelixesha iindonga zentsimbi ziqinileyo okanye zisemgangathweni ezingakhiwanga. Kwezinye iindawo, amasango ashukumayo okanye imiqobo iyakwazi ukuthunyelwa xa isikhukula sikufuphi, ukuvumela umlambo okanye ukuqukuqela lolwandle ukuba lungagcinwa kakuhle kwaye luyilwe ukumelana phezulu okanye ukungaphindiswa kwengozi. Umkhosi we-Grivini la zenza imigangatho ye-eve ne-crective.

Iinethwekhi zokugutyula zamanzi anee-aqrine

Ukuphuma kwamanzi esikhukula kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukhukhuliseko lwasezidolophini, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinendawo ezigqunywe ngokungangeni manzi. Oku kubandakanya uthungelwano lwemibhobho, izixhobo zokujika, imijelo, kunye neempompo ezilungiselelwe ukuhambisa umpumpu ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane amanzi okanye iindawo zokugcina. Ukwahlula amanzi oqhwithela kungcoliseko lwezongcoliseko lwendle edityani edityanisiweyo xa kunemvula enzima. Ingingqi ye-omgagamfa kufuneka ice iinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi emitha ephuma amanzi xa kudlalwane uqhwithela, ngokufuthi zihlasela isiganeko seminyaka eli-10 okanye 25 sesokuphuphuma amanzi okanye iziganeko zokugcina ukungcola.

Ingqondo Neenjongo Ezingentle

Ukuzinza nokuvalelwa kokwexeshana kugcina amanzi oqhwithela agqithisileyo kwaye kuwakhulula ngesantya esiphantsi, ukunciphisa umkhukula ohambayo. Izitya zokuhlambela ezigcina amanzi zigcina iqula elisisigxina, zinika unyango lwamanzi olusemgangathweni nendawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zasendle. Izitya zokuvalela iinqanawa ezivalelweyo zikhupha amanzi aphelelyo phakathi kwezichotho kwaye zingenza iinjongo ezimbini njengendawo yemidlalo okanye indawo evulekileyo. Iitanki ezigciniweyo okanye amagumbi angaphantsi komhlaba anganikeza imisebenzi efanayo kwiindawo eziphucukileyo apho umphandle umphandle unqongo.

Izakhiwo Eziluhlaza Neengcali Zokwemvelo

Uluntu luya lufuna izibonelelo eziluhlaza ukuncedisa izibonelelo eziziingcambu eziluhlaza. Imiyezo yemvula, imiyezo yemibhobho ehambayo, amaphahla aluhlaza, zonke izinto ezibanjwayo, ezicothayo, kunye namanzi ahluzayo aphumayo asuka kwindawo ephezulu. Ezi ndlela azinciphisi nje kuphela imitha ephumayo kunye nokunyuka kodwa ziphucula ubunjani bamanzi, ukuhlaziya amanzi asemhlabeni, ukunciphisa iziphumo zobushushu beziqithi zedolophu, kunye nokunyusa i-unibostyheatic. I-U.S.Indawo yokulondololonga inika ubuncwane obuphezulu kwimiklaniso eluhlaza kunye nokusebenza.

Ubandakanyeko Nemfundo Yoluntu: Ukwakha Isithethe Sokulungiselela

Izisombululo zobugcisa zodwa zanele ngaphandle kokuthabatha inxaxheba nokuxhasa okusebenzayo koluntu. Abemi, abanini-mashishini, kunye neenkokeli zasekuhlaleni kufuneka baqonde ubungozi babo bokukhukula, bazi oko bafanele bakwenze, kwaye bakulungele ukunikezela ngemilinganiselo yokukhusela. Ukubophelelana ngokunempumelelo koluntu yinkqubo ende eyakha ukuthembana, ukwabelana ngolwazi, kwaye kunika abantu amandla okuzibophelela ngokhuseleko lwabo.

Iphulo lokulumkisa uluntu

Amaphulo okulumkisa uluntu abalulekile kukufundisa abahlali ngeengozi zemvula, iimfuno ze-inshorensi, kunye namanyathelo okulungiselela. Amaphulo angasebenzisa iziqhagamshelanisi ezininzi, kuquka imithombo-ndaba yentlalo, iindaba zoluntu, izibhengezo zenkonzo kawonke-wonke, kunye neziganeko zoluntu. Imiyalezo elula, enokwenziwa njenge "Yazi ingingqi yakho yomkhukula," "Umkhumezeli-zixhobo zakho," kunye "Umnatha wokhuseleko" unokuba nempembelelo enkulu. Ukunika ulwazi olucacileyo, olufikelelekayo ngeelwimi ezininzi kuqinisekisa ukuba onke amalungu oluntu anokuba nenxaxheba.

Iinkqubo zokucwangcisa

Ukuncedisa uluntu ekucebeni nasekulungiseni izigqibo ukwakha inkxaso kwiintshukumo zolawulo lwezikhukula nokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni lubandakanyekile. Iintlanganiso, iinkampani zomsebenzi, uphando, neekomiti zolawulo zivumela abemi ukuba babelane ngamava abo nezinto eziphambili. Imithambo yokufuzisela imidlalo efana "neenkcitho ezinkulu" efanisa iziganeko nezigqibo zokuphendula, inceda ababambi-mathiriyeli baqonde iintengiso ezibandakanyekileyo kwimiqathango eyahlukeneyo yolawulo.

Iinkqubo Zokuzithandela Zokuthenga Nokufuduswa

Kwezinye iimeko, ubuchule obunempumelelo kukususa abantu kunye nezakhiwo ngendlela eyingozi ngokupheleleyo. Iinkqubo zokuzithandela zokuthenga izinto zivumela abaninizo bezinto ezizele ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba bathengise amakhaya abo kwixabiso lentengiso yangaphambi kwe diski, umhlaba oguqulwe ukuba uvule isithuba. Ingingqi zingasebenzisana ne-FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program okanye inkqubo yeSikhukula soncedo soKhuthazo ukuxhasa ezi ndawo zifunyenweyo. Ukucacisa unxibelelwano ngeenzuzo nangenkqubo yokuthenga, kunye nenkxaso yemfesane yeentsapho ezichaphazelekayo, kuluncedo ekuphumeleleni kwezi nkqubo.

Ukulungiselela Neempendulo

Ukufundisa uluntu ngendlela yokulungiselela, ukusabela, nokufumana kwimikhukula kunciphisa umonakalo kwaye kusindisa ubomi. Oku kuquka ukhokelo ekuqokelelweni kwamaziko onxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo, izicwangciso zokuphuhliswa kwentsapho, ukuqonda iindlela zokufuduka, nokukhusela izinto phambi kwesichotho. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu ezifana nenkqubo yeSiphango seNkonzo seMoyezulu seSizwe okanye ucwangciso lweSiphambathiso esibomvu zinika izicwangciso zokwakha ugcino lozinzo kumgangatho wendlu.

Ukujonga Nokulungiselela Ngexesha Lengozi: Ukuhlala Ujongene Nesaqhwithi

Ukugada okuqhubekayo kwemozulu, umgangatho wamanzi, kunye neemeko zezibonelelo kubalulekile ekunikezeni izilumkiso ezifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo nasekulungiseni iimpendulo ezisebenzayo. Xa isiganeko somkhukula sisondela, intlawulo nganye encinane, kunye nabantu abalungiselwe kakuhle bangenza ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela ubomi nempahla. Ungxamiseko luxanduva olubandakanya abameli bakarhulumente, abaphendulayo, amashishini, kunye nabantu ngabanye.

Uhlolo lwexesha lokwenene kunye neenkqubo ezilumkisayo zokuqala

Ukuveliswa komjelo wemilinganiso yemisinga, imilinganiso yemvula, isantya sokuzala nokurhoxa kolwandle, kunye nezitishi zemozulu zinika ugcino-lwazi olufunekayo ukukhupha izilumkiso ezichanekileyo zokhukula. I-USGS igcina uthungelwano lwelizwe lonke, kodwa abantu bangazongeza oku ngeziva-mvo zasekuhlaleni kwiindawo eziphezulu. Iinkqubo ezithe zabalathisa ezithumela izilumkiso ngokugqitha kumyalezo weposi, i-imeyili, okanye i-apple ehambayo ingafikelela ngokukhawuleza kwabahlali xa uphuphumo lwe-mo ye-Moyezulu yesizwe ixela ukhukula nokukhukula ivumela iimodeli kunye nezilumkiso zexesha elikhokelayo kwanale iintsuku.

Amalungiselelo Okuphendula Ngongxamiseko

Lucwangciso lwempendulo yongxamiseko olubanzi lwendawo ekhukuliseke rhoqo kwaye luvavanywe ngeengqeqesho. Isicwangciso kufuneka sichaze iindima neembopheleleko zabo bonke abameli abafanelekileyo, kuquka imisebenzi kawonke-wonke, amapolisa, umlilo, ulawulo longxamiseko, kunye nempilo yoluntu. Iindlela zokukhupha mazicaciswe ngokucacileyo zize zixhulumane noluntu, kwaye iindawo zokufihla ikhusi mazilungiswe. Ulwamkelo olukhethekileyo kufuneka lunikwe abantu ababuthathaka, abafana nabakhulileyo, nabakhubazekileyo, nabasebenzi abangengomalungu esiNgesi, abafuna inkxaso eyongeyo ngexesha lokuthuthwa.

Iidrowa Eziqhelekileyo Nemithambo

Imithambo ephezulu nesikali esipheleleyo zivumela abasebenzi bongxamiseko ukuba basebenzise indlela abasabela ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezisengqiqweni. Ezi mithambo zityhila izithuba kumanyano, unxibelelwano, okanye imithombo enokubhekiswa phambi kwesiganeko sokwenene. Amatsha - ntliziyo angaphakathi ekuqeqesheni anceda abantu abahlala ngaphandle kwemvavanyo olunenkqubo yokufuduswa kwenqwelo-moya kunye nemisebenzi yokuzikhusela. Emva kokuqhelisela okanye isiganeko soqobo, uhlolo olusemva kokuthatha inyathelo kufuneka luphawule izifundo kunye nenkqubela-drobhothi kwicebo.

Ukuchacha nokucwangcisa

Amalungiselelo akayeki xa amanzi enzonzobila enqamkile. Iziko kufuneka zicebe ukuvuselelwa okukhawulezileyo nokungaguquguqukiyo okungabuyiseli nje kuphela oko kulahlekileyo kodwa kwakhona kwakha kwakhona okomeleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukudibanisa ugcino-lwazi kwimigudu yokwakha, efana nokulungisa izinto, ukutshintsha izibonelelo eziphelelwe lixesha kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lwezikhukula. Inkqubo ye-FEMA ka-PURC Uncedo lweMALI kunye nemali ye-HUD'S uPhuhliso lweMbali yeMfunoGranc-Dsaster ingaxhasa le migudu, kodwa ucwangciso olusebenzayo luqinisekisa ukuba ukuphumelela nokusebenza kwemiqathango ende.

Ukujongana nemali ne-inshorensi: Ukungahambelani nengozi

Ukulawula umngcipheko wokhukuliseko akungobuchule bodwa nokuceba kodwa kwanolu celomngeni lwemali. Abanini-mpahla, amashishini, kunye noorhulumente kufuneka bonke benze izigqibo zezoqoqosho malunga nendawo abaza kwakha kuyo, indlela yokutyalwa ukukhusela, nendlela yokulawula iindleko zokuphuphuma kwamanzi xa kusenzeka. I-inshorensi, izikhuthazo zemali, kunye nonxibelelwano olusemngciphekweni wokwenza uluntu lube nendima engundoqo.

Inkqubo ye-inshorensi ye-inshorensi yeSizwe yeNkhukula ne-inshorensi yobuLungu

I-NFIP inika i-inshorensi ye-inshorensi exhaswa ngurhulumente exhasa umkhukula kwingingqi yempahla ethabatha inxaxheba, kodwa ijongene noxinzelelo lwemali olubalulekileyo njengoko ukulahleka kwemali kunyusiwe. Ii-premium ziyaqhubekeka ukuhlenga-hlengiselwa ukubonakalisa umngcipheko okhoyo, nto leyo enokwenza i-inshorensi ibe yexabiso eliphezulu kwiindawo eziphezulu. Iinketho ze-inshorensi ezizimeleyo ziyakhula, zinika amanani athe kratya athe kratya nangaphezulu okukhutshwayo. Ukufundisa abanini bempahla malunga neenketho zabo kunye nokubaluleka kokugcina i-inshorensi ephakathi kwemibhobho ephakathi ye-risk kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwemingcingo yokhukula.

Unxibelelwano olunomngcipheko kunye nokukhuselwa kwezinto

Unxibelelwano olucacileyo malunga nomngcipheko wokhukuliseko lubalulekile kubathengi abanolwazi, abaqeshi, nabanikeli-mali. Amatyala amaninzi afuna ukuba abathengisi batyhile iingozi ezikhoyo zomkhukula kunye neemfuno ze-inshorensi ezifunekayo kubaninizo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangaxhasa ukubonakala okuqhubekayo ngokunikezela lula kwiimaphu ezikhukula, iziqinisekiso zonyuso, kunye nenkcazelo yembali engokwembali. Iingozi ezidibanisa isikhukula, umlilo, nezinye iingozi zendalo zinganceda abantu kunye namashishini ahlole ukuchanabeka kwawo.

Ukubonelela ngeemali zokubonelela

Ukuveliswa koncedo lwezikhukula kudla ngokufuna ikomkhulu eliphambili eliphambili, kodwa ukugcina imali ixesha elide ekuphepheni umonakalo kuyinto eninzi. Ingingqi zingaxhasa ezi ngeniso ngokuxubana kwamaqhina kamasipala, urhulumente kunye neminikelo karhulumente, kunye namaqabane kawonke-wonke. UMthetho weBpartisan Inkqubela-mthetho kunye nezinye iinkqubo zesizwe zikhethe amawaka ezigidi zeerandi ukwenzela imisebenzi yokuzinzisa, kodwa abantu kufuneka babe nezicwangciso nezicelo zokukhuphisana ngezi mali. Ukumisela ingxowa-mali yokuphucula ikomkhulu yolawulo lokhukuliba lokhukulisela umkhukula kuqinisekisa ukuba ubuncwane bukho xa kuyimfuneko.

Imigangatho esekelwe kwimekobume kunye nenkqubo yendalo: Ukusebenza nendalo

Indalo inikela ukhuseleko olunempumelelo nolubiza imali eninzi olukhoyo. Iimangrove, iingqaqa zekorale, iinkqubo zezixhobo zemvula, namahlathi akhukulayo, zonke zifunxa kwaye zicotha amanzi akhukula, zinciphisa ukukhukuliseka, zibonelele indawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zasendle. Ukulondolozwa nokubuyiselwa kwezi zinto zendalo akuyonto iphambili nje kuphela kodwa kwanendlela entle yokulawula umkhukula.

Ukulondolozwa Nokubuyiselwa Kwelizwe Elimanzi

Iziponji zendalo, ukugcina amanzi oqhwithela nokuwakhupha kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukukhusela iindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezikhoyo ekuphuhlisweni nasekubuyiselweni kwemimandla engamaxhaphozi kunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuphuphuma komsinga. Abantu abaninzi baye bamkela imithetho yokulondoloza imvula efuna izigcini-sango ezingqonge ixhaphozi kunye nokuzalisa okanye ukuvalela ukuphuma kwamanzi amdaka. Ibhanki yozaliso lweMitigagayo ivumela abaphuhlisi bezinto ezichaphazelekayo ukuba balungise amathafa ethaleni ngokuthenga iityala kwiindawo eziphindiweyo ezibuyiselwe kwezinye iindawo.

Iinqwelo - moya Eziphilayo Nenkqubo Yetshetshe

Kwimimandla yonxweme, kunxweme oluhlala uhlaza, iinduli zentlabathi, kunye neenduli zentlabathi zikhusela indalo kwikhukuliseko kunye nokukhukuliseka koqhwithela. Ezi nkqubo zinokuba luncedo kakhulu kwaye ziluncedo ngokwendalo kunezixhobo ezinzima ezifana nodonga lolwandle. Ukubuyiselwa kwe Dune kunye nolawulo, kuquka ukutyala ingca ezizinzileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwentlabathi, kunceda ekulondolozeni le miqobo yendalo.

Unxulumano kunye nezithintelo

Imilambo emininzi iye yatsalwa okanye yavalelwa ngamaleve, iphulukana nomthamo wayo wendalo wesikhukula. Ukuhambana kwemilambo ukuya kutsho kumaza amakhulu ngokususa iiveyidi ezingeyomfuneko okanye ukwenza uthintelo olulawulayo kuvumela amanzi akhukula anwenwe kwaye athotywe. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa iincopho zomsinga womsinga womsinga kodwa iphucula umgangatho wamanzi kwaye ixhasa intlanzi nendawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana. Intlangano ezinjengeThe Nature Conservancy iye yaqalisa imisebenzi emikhulu ebanzi enqamlezayo kwilizwe lonke.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Ikamva Elifanelekileyo

Ukulawula inkqubela-phambili yedolophu kwiindawo ezinomkhukula wezantyalantyala zexesha lethu. Kufuna ukushukuma ngapha kokona kujolisekileyo kwisakhiwo esinciphileyo ukuze kwamkele indlela ebanzi, elungelelanisiweyo yokuhlola umngcipheko, yokusebenzisa umhlaba, imigaqo yokwakha engqongqo, imigaqo yobuchule, inkxaso-mali, ucwangciso lwemali, kunye nolawulo lwezendalo. Akukho cebo laneleyo ngokwalo, kodwa kunye nezi zinto zibangela ukuba kubekho ubuchule obunamandla bokunciphisa umngcipheko wempumlo nokwakha izixeko ezikhuselekileyo, ezinokusetyenziswa.

Njengoko imozulu iqhubeka isenza sibe namandla umjikelo wamanzi, izigqibo esizenzayo namhlanje malunga nendawo nendlela esiza kuhlala kuyo ziya kuba neziphumo kwisizukulwana esizayo. Abantu abasebenza ngokunempumelelo, abanobungqina bokulawula intlekele baza kukwazi ukumelana neentlekele zexesha elizayo, bakhusele abemi babo kunye nezoqoqosho, kwaye baqhubeke bephila kwihlabathi eliguqukayo. Indlela yokuzimela akuyonto elula, kodwa ngolwazi olulungileyo, izixhobo, kunye nozibopheleleko, singenza iindawo ezisingqongileyo ezisebenza emanzini kunokuba zisebenze ngokuchasene nako.