Table of Contents

Isebe lejaji limi njengenye yeentsika ezintathu ezisisiseko zikarhulumente waseMerika, ekhonza njengomphathi wezobulungisa notoliko lwemithetho yohlanga lwethu. Kubemi bemihla ngemihla, ukuqonda indlela le nkqubo entsonkothileyo esebenza ngayo kusenokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokuqhuba ngempumelelo imingeni engokwasemthethweni nokuziva usongelwe ziinkqubo zomthetho. Nokuba ujongene neempikiswano ezincinane, ulungiselela umsebenzi wejaji, okanye ufune nje ukuqonda amalungelo akho asemthethweni, ukuba nolwazi olusebenzisekayo lwenkqubo yokugweba lukunika amandla okuqhuba ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zomthetho ezibumba ibutho lethu.

Lo khokelo lunentsingiselo luza kukuhambisa kwinkalo ezibalulekileyo zesebe eligwebayo, ukusuka kwisakhiwo salo ukuya kwicebiso elisebenzisekayo lokufumana ubuncwane obusemthethweni nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwinkundla. Ngokuyicinezela inkqubo yenkundla nokunika icebiso elisebenzayo, sijolise ekunincedeni nifikelele imicimbi engokwasemthethweni ngentembelo engakumbi nokuqonda okungakumbi.

Ukwakhiwa Kwenkqubo Yezahlulelo Zezaphuli - mthetho ZaseMerika

I-United States isebenza phantsi kwenkqubo karhulumente karhulumente worhulumente apho igunya labelana khona phakathi korhulumente worhulumente worhulumente, zigcina iinkqubo zazo ezingafaniyo zenkundla. Le nkqubo idibeneyo isenokubonakala idida ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuqonda isiseko esisisiseko kunceda abemi bakwazi ukuchaza indawo efanelekileyo yeemfuno zabo ezisemthethweni.

IiNkundla Zomanyano: ISizwe EsineeNkundla

Ijaji yephondo yesizwe ngoku ineNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States, iiNkundla ezili-13 zeZibheno zase-U.S. (imigangatho ye-intermediate appelta), iNkundla yeSithili (umgange wetyala), ezingama-99 e-U.S. kunye namaNkundla angama- 91 eBhankiruptic. Umgangatho ngamnye usebenza umsebenzi othile kwinkqubo ebanzi yemithetho yesizwe.

INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States yeyona iphakamileyo kwiqumrhu lejaji kwilizwe yaye ikhokela isebe lezahlulelo lorhulumente. Le Nkundla iqulethwe ngabagwebi abasithoba abahlola amatyala abandakanya imibuzo engokomGaqo-siseko nomthetho wesizwe. Ngoxa amawaka amatyala ebhenqwe kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo nyaka ngamnye, abagwebi basebenzisa ingqiqo ekukhetheni amatyala, ngokubhekiselele kwimibandela ebalulekileyo yesizwe okanye apho iinkundla eziphantsi ziye zakhupha imigaqo engqubanayo.

Kukho iinkundla ezili-13 ezihlala ngaphantsi kweNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S., ezibizwa ngokuba ziinkundla zezibheno, kwaye umsebenzi wenkundla yetyala elifumana iziphumo zetyala kukugqiba ukuba umthetho usetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kwinkundla yamatyala okanye kumbutho wolawulo lwamagunya. Ezi nkundla aziphindi zityala okanye zive ubungqina obutsha; endaweni yoko, zihlola iinkqubo ezisemthethweni nezigqibo ezenziwe ziinkundla eziphantsi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho uphunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Iinkundla zesithili okanye zamatyala ezingama-94 zeli lizwe zibizwa ngokuba ziinkundla zesithili zase-U.S. kwaye zicombulula iimpikiswano ngokugqiba izibakala nangokusebenzisa umthetho kwezo zibakala. Kukho izithili ezingoorhulumente ezingama-99, kuquka ubuncinane isithili esinye kwiphondo ngalinye, iSithili saseColumbia nasePuerto Rico. Ezi ziinkundla apho amatyala karhulumente aqala khona, apho kunikelwa khona ubungqina, amangqina, kunye neejaji.

Kukho iinkundla ezingamashumi asibhozo eziwayo ze-U.S. ezinceda abantu namashishini angakwaziyo ukuhlawula amatyala abo bafumana isiqalo esitsha. Ezi ntena zikhethekileyo zisingatha imicimbi enxulumene nokuwa kwamaphepha okuwa kwamaxabiso emali kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamatyala phantsi komthetho worhulumente owiswa kwemali.

Inkqubo yeNkundla yeLizwe: Apho Ityala Elininzi Liviwa

Ngoxa umGaqo-siseko nemimiselo karhulumente ilawula iinkundla zikarhulumente, iinkundla zikarhulumente zimiselwe ukuba zimelane nomgaqo-siseko nemithetho yesizwe ngasinye, kwaye njengeenkundla zikarhulumente, iinkundla zikarhulumente ziye zaguquka njengoko ilizwe likhula. Uninzi lwamatyala asemthethweni eUnited States luviwa kwiinkundla zikarhulumente kunokuba kuvinywe iinkundla zorhulumente.

Iinkqubo zenkundla yephondo ezisoloko zilandela isakhiwo esineemeko ezintathu ezifana nenkqubo yorhulumente, nangona amagama akhethekileyo kunye nombutho wahlukile ngokorhulumente. Amatyala amaninzi aneenkundla zokuvavanya zolawulo ngokubanzi (ngokufuthi zibizwa ngokuba ziinkundla eziphakamileyo, iinkundla zesithili, okanye iinkundla zesithili), iinkundla eziphakathi, kunye nenkundla ephakamileyo yephondo. Amaphondo amaninzi agcina iinkundla ezikhethekileyo kwimibandela efana nomthetho wentsapho, iprobate, ukwaphula umthetho wendlela, kunye neengxelo ezincinane.

EUnited States, urhulumente wesizwe kunye norhulumente ngamnye uneseti yemithetho yakhe kunye neenkqubo zenkundla zawo, neenkundla zorhulumente norhulumente ezahlukeneyo ngokwemo, kunye nomahluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwejaji yesizwe neyaserhulumenteni kunye nomahluko phakathi kwamazwe awahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi inkqubo yenkundla elawula ityala lakho elithile elingokwasemthethweni kubalulekile ukuze uphishekele ityala lakho ngokunempumelelo.

Indlela IiNkundla zoManyano nezoMbutho

Iinkundla zomanyano nolombuso zisebenza ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa akukho candelo lipheleleyo phakathi kweenkqubo zolawulo zikarhulumente norhulumente ._Maxa wambi iinkundla zikarhulumente zigqiba imibuzo yomthetho karhulumente kunye neenkundla zikarhulumente zigqiba ngemibuzo yomthetho wesizwe, noko ke, iinkundla zeli lizwe zinokuva iindidi ezininzi zomthetho karhulumente, kwaye kukho iimeko apho iinkundla zelizwe zisebenzisa umthetho karhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba amatyala athile anokugcinwa kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezithile nakwimibandela ethile engokwasemthethweni ebandakanyekileyo.

Iinkundla zoManyano zingaphinda zihlole izigqibo zenkundla yenkundla yephondo ezisenokungqubana nomGaqo-siseko okanye nomthetho wesizwe wase-U.

Ukuqonda Ityala Lenkundla NeNkundla Okufanele Isetyenziswe

Enye yezona ngqwalasela zibalulekileyo xa kuthethwa ngemicimbi yomthetho kukugqiba ukuba yiyiphi inkundla enegunya kwityala lakho.

Isigwebo seNkundla yoMasipala

Iinkundla zoManyano zinegunya elilinganiselweyo, ithetha ukuba zinokuva iindidi ezithile zamatyala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkundla zephondo zisingatha amatyala abandakanya:

  • Imithetho yesebe, kuquka imiba yomgaqo-siseko
  • Iingxabano phakathi kwamaphondo okanye phakathi kwabemi bomazwe ahlukeneyo (ooorhulumente abahlukeneyo) apho imali exabanayo ingaphezulu lee-$75 000
  • Ityala elibandakanya urhulumente waseUnited States njengeqela
  • Izenzo zebhanki
  • Iimbambano zoPaten, zomgunyathi, nezophawu
  • Umthetho we- Maritime
  • Imicimbi yokufuduka

Isigwebo seNkundla yaseRhulumente

Iinkundla zephondo zilawula yaye zisingatha iimpikiswano ezininzi ezingokwasemthethweni, eziquka:

  • Ulwaphulo - mthetho oluphantsi komthetho karhulumente
  • Umthetho wentsapho (ukwahlukana, ukugcinwa kwabantwana, ukugcinwa kwabantwana)
  • Ingxelo yeNkcubeko neMidlalo
  • Ingxwabangxwaba yezindlu
  • Uxanduva
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Ulwaphulo-mthetho
  • Uninzi lwamatyala olwaphulo-mthetho

Xa uthandabuza ukuba yiyiphi inkqubo yenkundla efanelekileyo kwityala lakho, kufuneke uqhagamshelane nogcisa osemthethweni okanye uqhagamshelane neofisi yenkundla yasekuhlaleni ingakunika ukhokelo olubalulekileyo.

Ukufumana izibonelelo nolwazi olusemthethweni

Iminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa kuphucule kakhulu ulwazi olusemthethweni kunye nezibonelelo zenkundla. Ukwanda koovimba bomthetho kwi-intanethi, iinkonzo ze-probono, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa kuye kwayiguqula ngokuphawulekayo indlela yokulawula umhlaba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uncedo olusemthethweni lufikeleleke ngokungenakuthelekiswa nakuqala. Ngoku abami bafumana inkcazelo engomthetho eyayinzima okanye ibibiza imali eninzi.

IiWebhsayithi zeNkundla esemthethweni namaZibonelelo e-intanethi

Inkonzo kawonke-wonke yeNkcubeko ye-Electronic Records (PACER) inika uluntu lonke ungenelo lwezombane kwiingxelo zenkundla yenkundla yelifa lesizwe kwaye inika uluntu uluntu unikezelo olukhawulezileyo kumaxwebhu angaphezu kwewaka lezigidi agcinwe kuzo zonke iinkundla zikarhulumente. Ngoxa iPACER ibiza umrhumo omncinane kwiphepha ngalinye elifikelelweyo, ukuba uqokelela ii-$30 okanye ngaphantsi kwetyala kwikota, intlawulo luyahlawulwa ngelo xesha, kwaye ama-75 ekhulwini abasebenzisi be-PACER awahlawuli kwikota enikiweyo.

Iiwebhsayithi zikarhulumente zinika abantu inkululeko yokufikelela kwisigqibo senkundla se-intanethi, kunye ne-webhsayithi ye-Rhulumente yoPhuhliso ye-Governmental Office e-Govinfo enika ungenelo lokukhetha izigqibo zenkundla yolu rhulumente ukususela ngo-2004 ukuya ngoku, kunye neewebhusayithi ezininzi zenkundla yesebe nezezorhulumente ezinika abantu ithuba lokufikelela kwizigqibo zakutshanje ezikhutshwe yiloo nkundla. Ezi nkxaso zivumela abemi ukuba baphande imigaqo esemthethweni baze baqonde indlela iinkundla eziye zagqiba ngayo kwimibandela efanayo.

Iinkqubo ezininzi zenkundla yeli lizwe zigcina iiwebhsayithi ezibanzi ezinika izibonelelo ezixabisekileyo eziquka iifomu zenkundla, imiyalelo yokuqokelela imiyalelo, imithetho yenkundla yasekuhlaleni, imisebenzi yokuphengulula amatyala, kunye nezinto zemfundo. Isebe leColorado Lixhasa ukufumaneka kwabemi kwimicimbi yasezinkundleni, imigaqo, kunye nemigaqo, ukuze kukwazi ukulungiselela isiganeko esinxulumene nenkundla. Amanye amazwe amaninzi anikela ngoncedo olufanayo kwimixokelelwano yenkundla ethile.

Isiseko sogcino-lwazi somthetho esikhululekileyo kunye nezixhobo zophando

Ii-database ezikhululekileyo zomthetho, ezifana noGoogle Schrent okanye amathala eencwadi omthetho kawonke-wonke, zinika ukufikelela kwimithetho yetyala, oolindixesha bomthetho, kunye nemimiselo; ezi zinto ziluncedo ekuqondeni imizekelo engokomthetho nokwakha ityala eliqinileyo. Umsebenzi wophando lomthetho kaGoogle unika ungenelo olukhululekileyo kwiimbono zenkundla yelifa lesizwe nezorhulumente, ukwenza uphando olusemthethweni lufikeleleke kuye nabani na one-intanethi.

Ezinye ii-asethi ezikhululekileyo ziquka i-Justia, enika ukufikelela okubanzi kumthetho wetyala, imimiselo, kunye nolwazi lomthetho. ILaw Library of Congress ibone isikhokelo sophando olusemthethweni esifumaneka ngokukhululekileyo esinokunceda abaphengululi bafumane imithombo yezomthetho ekwi-intanethi. Ezi zikhokelo zinika iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo zokufumana ulwazi olungokwasemthethweni olufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokufuna uqeqesho olungoonolwazi olungokwasemthethweni.

Iinkonzo zoNcedo loMgaqo-siseko

Imibutho emininzi kunye neenkampani zomthetho zinika abo bangakwaziyo ukufikelela imigaqo-mthetho, kunye neewebhsayithi ezifana neAmerican Bar Association (ABA) ezinika oovimba beefayili ukuncedisa ukufumana uncedo olusemthethweni kummandla wakho. Imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni inikela iinkonzo ezisemthethweni ezisisisa kubantu abafumana imali ephantsi kunye neentsapho ezijamelene neengxaki zomthetho.

Ii-ofisi zoncedo olusemthethweni zinikezela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kubemi, kwaye ukubiza 1-866-LAW-OHIO (866.529.646) zingakudibanisa kwiofisi yobulali ekhonza indawo yakho. Ngeli nani likhethekileyo likhonza abemi baseOhio, amaphondo amaninzi aneenkonzo ezifanayo zoncedo olusemthethweni kunye neenkonzo zolawulo. I-ofisi zeSebe leze-Legion Corporation (w.lsc.gov) inika ulawulo lwesizwe lweenkqubo zoncedo olusemthethweni.

Inkxaso-mali ye-Ohio esemthethweni inika ulwazi olucacileyo loncedo lomthetho, kuquka isixhobo soncedo oluluncedo, uqhagamshelwano noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nezinye izinto zokunceda abantu bacombulule imiba yabo engokwasemthethweni. Amazwe amaninzi avelise ii-port ezifanayo kwi-intanethi ezinika izibonelelo zoncedo, iithala leencwadi, kunye nokhokelo lwenyathelo elilandela inkqubo eqhelekileyo yomthetho.

Iziko loncedo lokuzinceda leNkundla

ISithili ngasinye sezeeJaji sineNkundla yokuzinceda okanye iziko leNkundla leZibonelelo elinobuchule obunye okanye obuninzi obunokunceda abantu abanemicimbi engeyoyamthetho ukuba bahambele phambili kwinkqubo yenkundla kwaye balathise abantu kwiintlobo ezifanelekileyo. La maziko asebenza njengoovimba abaxabisekileyo abazimeleyo, nangona bengenakukunika ngomthetho okanye icebiso elingokwasemthethweni.

Amaziko okuzinceda anikela uncedo lweenkqubo zenkundla eziqondayo, iifomu zokugqiba, ukufikelela ulwazi olungokwasemthethweni, nokunxulumana nezibonelelo zoluntu. Amalungu omkhosi angachaza ukuba ziziphi iindlela ozifunayo kwaye njani ukuzibhala, kodwa akanakukuxelela oko umele ukukubhalela kuzo okanye akunike icebiso elingokwasemthethweni ngemeko yakho ethile.

Utshintsho lwamanani lweenkonzo zeNkundla

Ubugcisa bamanani – njengolawulo lwamatyala e-elektroniki, i-seaptic, ii-creens ezisemagqabini, kunye noovimba bomthetho kwi-intanethi – ziguqula indlela iinkundla ezisebenza ngayo kwaye zisebenzisana nabemi ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwenkonzo yezaphula-mthetho. Iinkundla ezininzi ngoku zinika amaqela avumela amaziko afake amaxwebhu kwi-intanethi, ukumiswa kwetyala ngexesha lokwenene, nokufumana izaziso malunga nemihla yenkundla nexesha elimisiweyo.

Iinkundla ziphucula ulawulo lwezibuko kunye nonxibelelwano nabasebenzisi ngolawulo lwetyala le-elektroniki, ukulandelela amatyala, kunye ne-e-filfo plat, apho abagwebi, abasebenzi benkundla, nabasebenzisi bangalayisha khona kwaye bafumane uhlaziyo lwetyala lokwenene kwaye bafumane uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenene, olunika ingxubusho engenamthutho kunye nokuqhubekeka kwetyala. Ezi nkqubela-lwazi zezobugcisa zikwenza kube lula ukuba abemi bathathe inxaxheba kwiinkundla ezisemthethweni ngaphandle kokufuna uhambo oluphinda-phindene ukuya kwindlu yenkundla.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwinkqubela Engokwasemthethweni Njengommi

Abemi basebenzisana nenkqubo yokugweba kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuququzeleleni amatyala ukuya ekumangaleleni amangqina. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho neembopheleleko kule misebenzi ihlukeneyo kuyanceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yokusesikweni.

Imbopheleleko Yesibini

Mihla le amakhulu abantu kulo lonke ilizwe akhethwa kwimisebenzi yokuchophela ityala kwaye ancedwa agqibe ezinye zezi zimo. Inkonzo kaJury imela enye yeendlela ezithe ngqo abemi abathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokugweba, kwaye inelungelo kunye nembopheleleko yobumi.

Xa ufumana isalathisi somgwebi, kubalulekile ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Ulawulo oluninzi lukuvumela ukuba ucele ukubuyiselwa emva ukuba ube nengxabano esemthethweni, kodwa ukutyeshela izicelo zabachopheli-mthetho kungaphumela kwisigwebo esiquka intlawulo okanye kwanenkcaso kwizityholo zenkundla. Ngexesha lokhetho lwabachopheli-mthetho, amagqwetha kumacala omabini azakubuza imibuzo yokugqiba enoba abasebenzi bejaji banokuba bakhetha isimilo na. Phendula ngokunyaniseka le mibuzo yinjongo yokuhlala kwinkundla elungileyo, hayi ukuphepha inkonzo.

Ukuba ukhethwe ukuba usebenze kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala, uza kucelwa ukuba uvavanye ubungqina obunikelwa ngexesha lokuchotshelwa kwetyala uze usebenzise umthetho njengoko ucaciswe ngumgwebi ukuze ufikelele isigqibo. Abagwebi kufuneka basekele izigqibo zabo ngokubhekiselele kubungqina obunikelwa enkundleni nakwimiyalelo yomgwebi, babeke bucala ikhethe lobuqu kunye nolwazi lwangaphandle. Lo mthwalo-siseko ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo nokugcina intembelo kawonke-wonke kwinkqubo yokusesikweni.

Ukuzimela Enkundleni

Ngoxa umelo olusemthethweni lucetyiswa naninina kunokwenzeka, abantu abaninzi bakhetha okanye bafuna ukuzimela kwinkundla, ingakumbi kwimicimbi efana neemeko ezincinane, ukwaphulwa kwemiba yezithuthi, okanye imicimbi elula yomthetho weentsapho. Ukuzimela ngokwakho, okwaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengokuvela "ku-se," kufuna ukulungiselela nokuqonda iinkqubo zenkundla.

Phambi kokuba uvele enkundleni, phanda iinkqubo nemithetho engqalileyo esebenza kuhlobo lwetyala lakho kunye nolawulo lwakho. Iiwebhsayithi zenkundla zidla ngokunika izikhokelo ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo abantu abazimelayo. Lungisa onke amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo, ubungqina, kunye nenkcazelo yokunikela ubungqina kumhla wenkundla yakho. Cwangcisa uludwe lwexesha elicacileyo lweziganeko uze ulungiselele inkcazelo ecacileyo yesikhundla sakho.

Xa uvela enkundleni, ihambo yobuchule ibalulekile:

  • Ukufika kwangethuba ukuze unike ixesha lokuxilongwa nokufumana inkundla echanekileyo
  • Ukunxiba ngokwezenkcubeko
  • Zisa iikopi ezininzi zamaxwebhu ngako konke — kumgwebi, kwiqela eliphikisanayo, kunye neerekhodi zakho
  • Yithi kumgwebi, Imbeko yakho, ume xa uthetha
  • thetha nejaji ngokucacileyo nangokungqalileyo, kungekhona nenye igxalaba
  • Phulaphula ngenyameko imibuzo uze uphendule kuphela oko kubuzwayo
  • Hlala uzolile yaye uhlonela, kwanokuba akuvumelani noko kuthethwayo
  • Zicime zonke izixhobo ze - elektroniki ngaphambi kokuba ungene enkundlani
  • Ugqaliselo loluntu lungaze luphazamise ijaji okanye iqela elichasayo xa bethetha

Khumbula ukuba abagwebi babamba ii-agcompers ezizimeleyo kwimigangatho efanayo neyamagqwetha ngokuphathelele ukulandela imithetho nemigaqo yenkundla. Ngelixesha abagwebi benokubonisa umonde othile kwiinkqubo zokucacisa, abanako ukunikela icebiso elisemthethweni okanye bathethele ukuma kwakho.

Ukubhambathisa Umthetho Okanye Isenzo Esisemthethweni

Ukuba ufuna ukubhala ityala, inkqubo iqala ngokulungisa nokufaka isikhalazo okanye isicelo esichaza izimvo zakho ezingokwasemthethweni kunye nesiqabu osifunayo. Inkundla nganye ineemfuno ezikhethekileyo zendlela amaxwebhu amele ahlaziywe ngayo, ulwazi ekufuneka luqukiwe, kunye nomrhumo weshefu oza kuba yiyo.

Kwinkundla ezithi zincinane, ezisingatha iimbambano ezibandakanya iimali ezisikelwe umda (ngokuqhelekileyo ii-$5 000 ukuya kwi-R10 000 kuxhomekeke kurhulumente), le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuba ifikeleleke kubantu abangengomthetho. Iinkqubo ezincinci zenziwe lula, iindleko zeshefu ziphantsi, kwaye imithetho esesikweni yobungqina ikhululekile. Iinkundla ezininzi ezincinane ziyalela okanye zimisela igqwetha ukuba ihlale ifikelelekile kwaye ifikelelekile.

Kwityala elinzima kakhulu kwiinkundla zolawulo jikelele, inkqubo iqhelekile kwaye isebenza ngobuchule. Uza kufuna ukuqinisekisa inkonzo efanelekileyo yenkqubo (ngokusesikweni yazisa ummangalelwa wamacala), ithobele imithetho yokufunyanwa (ukwenza ulwazi nobungqina kunye neqela eliphikisanayo), ihlangabezane nayo yonke imiqathango yokugcinwa kwemali, kwaye ilandele imithetho yokubekwa kwetyala lakho xa kuvavanywa.

Ukuqonda Iinkundla Neenkundla Ezifileyo

Iinkundla zisebenza ngokwemithetho engqongqo kunye nemiqathango emiselwe ixesha. Ukungawugqibi ummiselo unokuba neziphumo ezinzulu, ezinokuba nesiphumo sokugxothwa kwetyala lakho okanye umgwebo ongagqibekanga onxamnye nawe. Xa ubandakanyekile kwinkqubela-phambili engokwasemthethweni, dala inkqubo yekhalenda yokulandelela yonke imihla ebalulekileyo equka:

  • Ukuphela kwexesha elifutshane lokuphendula, lokuhambisa, namanye amaxwebhu
  • Imisebenzi yokufumana ixesha lokunikana inkcazelo namaqela aphikisanayo
  • Imihla yokuva nokuvavanya
  • Izabelo ezintle

Imithetho yenkundla echaza indlela amaxwebhu amele agcinwe ngayo, ukuba mangaphi imibhalo efunekayo, kwaye kuyiphi indlela ekufuneka ayilandele. Imithetho yomkhosi yePractice kunye neProcediture elawulayo kwinkundla zesizwe, kwaye le webhsayithi iqulathe amakhonkco kwimithetho yequmrhu kunye neefomu zangoku, kuquka iMimiselo yeFederal ye-Appellete Procedure, iPhondo ye-Bankrupt Procture, i-Federal Parlages of Civilicrecture, iPuderal Pagement of Criminal Procediture, kunye neMimiselo ye-Unicel ye-Engqiligistratel. Iinkundla ze-Rhulumenti zinemithetho yazo ezikhoyo kwii-webroobhusayithi zenkundla.

Ukubonakala NjengeNgqina

Ukuba ubizwe ukuba unikele ubungqina, ungafumana i-acepoena(uxwebhu olusemthethweni olufuna ukubonakala kwakho. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhambisana nethoba lingaphumela ekudeleni izityholo zenkundla. Xa unikela ubungqina, khumbula ezi ngongoma zingundoqo:

  • Ukuxelela inyaniso/ukufungisa kusisenzo solwaphulo-mthetho esinzulu
  • Wuphulaphule ngenyameko umbuzo ngamnye ngaphambi kokuba uphendule
  • Phendula kuphela umbuzo obuzwayo; musa ukuvuma ukubonelela ngenkcazelo eyongezelelekileyo
  • Ukuba awuwuqondi umbuzo, cela ucaciswe
  • Ukuba akuyazi impendulo, yitsho kunokuba uthelekelele
  • Thetha kakuhle nangokuvakalayo ngokwaneleyo ukuze wonke umntu osenkundleni aphulaphule
  • Hlala uzolile kwaye uzinzile, kwanaxa uvavanya

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Kwinkqubo Yezeejaji

Ukuqonda amalungelo anjalo kukunceda ufumane uqeqesho olufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokugweba.

Amalungelo Ezaphuli - mthetho

Ukuba utyholwe ngolwaphulo-mthetho, umGaqo-siseko unika ukhuseleko olusisiseko oluninzi:

  • [[UMTL:0] ekunene ukuba uhlale uthule: IsiHlalisi sesihlanu sikukhusela ekuzichaseni. Awunakunyanzeleka ukuba unikele ubungqina ngawe ngokwakho.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ilungelo kwigqwetha: Uhlaziyo lweSithandathu luqinisekisa ilungelo lokumela umelo olusemthethweni. Ukuba awunalo ilungelo lokunika igqwetha kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, omnye uza kumiselwa kuwe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ekunene kuvavanyo olukhawulezileyo nolukawonke-wonke: Awunakubanjelwa ngokungenasiphelo ngaphandle kovavanyo, kwaye izilingo kufuneka zivulelwe uwonke-wonke.
  • [[UMTL:0] ekunene ukujolisa kumangqina: Unelungelo lokuya kungqina ngokuchasene nawe.
  • Ekunene kwityala labagwebi: Kumacala anzulu olwaphulo-mthetho, unelungelo lokuba ityala lakho ligqitywe ligqitywe ligqitywe ngoontanga bakho.
  • Ukhuseleko ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula: Uhlaziyo lwesine lufuna ukugcinwa komthetho ukuba ube nesizathu esilindelekileyo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, isiqinisekiso sokuphendla impahla yakho.
  • ekunene kwinkqubo efunekayo: Urhulumente kufuneka alandele iinkqubo zobulungisa kwaye akanakukukuhlutha ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngaphandle kwenkqubo efunekayo yomthetho.

Amalungelo Kwimicimbi Yamakhaya

Kwimeko yabemi, unelungelo lokuba:

  • Ingqwalaselo ephambili
  • Ubungqina obukhoyo namangqina axhasa ukuma kwakho
  • AmaNgqina aphikisanayo
  • Umgwebi olungileyo nongakhethi buso
  • Ukubhenela kwisigqibo esichaseneyo (kwiimeko ezininzi)
  • Ukumela umthetho (nangona kufuneka uzihlawulele ngokwakho kwiimeko ezininzi zasekuhlaleni)

Ukufikelela kwiingxelo zeNkundla

Ityala nengxelo zenkundla zidla ngokuthethwa nguwonke-wonke, zibonakalisa umgaqo wokuba okusesikweni kufanele kube nokungabi natyala. Abahlali banelungelo lokuya kwiingxelo ezininzi zenkundla nokufikelela kwiingxelo ezininzi zenkundla, ngaphandle kwemibandela ebandakanya abantwana, imicimbi ethile yomthetho wentsapho, iingxelo ezitywinweyo, namatyala abandakanya ukhuseleko lwesizwe.

Oku kuvela kwembali kufeza iinjongo ezibalulekileyo: kuvumela ulwalathiso lukawonke - wonke lwenkqubo yokugweba, kwenza ukuba iintatheli zinikele ingxelo ngetyala lenkundla, kunceda abaphengululi bahlolisise imigaqo engokwasemthethweni, yaye kuvumela abemi ukuba bafunde ngemibandela engomthetho echaphazela abantu abakubo.

Ukujongana Ngokukhethekileyo Neentlobo Ezahlukeneyo Zetyala

Umthetho Wentsapho Ubalulekile

Amatyala omthetho wentsapho — kuquka uqhawulo-mtshato, ukugcinwa kwabantwana, ukuxhaswa kwabantwana, kunye nogonyamelo lwasekhaya olunobungozi, kwaye ngokufuthi luneenkqubo ezikhethekileyo. Iinkundla ezininzi ziye zanikezela izahlulelo zomthetho wentsapho nabagwebi abanobuchule kule miba. Amatyala omthetho wentsapho asenokubandakanya iimfuno zolawulo, uqeqesho lobuzali, kunye nokhuseleko olukhethekileyo lwabantwana xa bebodwa.

Kwiimbambano zelungelo lokugcina umntwana, iinkundla zigxininisa kwiinjongo ezintle zomntwana, ziqwalasela izinto ezifana nobuchule bomzali ngamnye bokunyamekela iimfuno zomntwana, ulwalamano lomntwana nomzali ngamnye, nezinto akhetha kuzo umntwana (ngokuxhomekeke kubudala). Ubhalo oluchaza ukubandakanyeka kwabazali, ukuzinziswa kwemali, kunye nokusingqongileyo komntwana lunokuba bubungqina obubalulekileyo kula matyala.

Inkundla Encinane

Iinkundla ezincinane zinika iprojekthi efikelelekayo yokucombulula iingxabano ezibandakanya iimali ezilinganiselweyo. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuba ibe lula ngokwaneleyo ukuba abasebenzi abangengomthetho bahambe. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo ziquka iimbambano eziqhelekileyo ezimalunga nokhuseleko olugciniweyo, amatyala angahlawulwayo, umonakalo wempahla, nokwaphulwa kwesivumelwano.

Phambi kokugqiba ityala elincinane, cinga ukuba ungayicombulula impikiswano ngokuxoxisana okanye ngokukhupha izicelo. Ukuba wenza ifayile, qokelela onke amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo kuquka izivumelwano, iilisithi, iifoto, iimfonomfono, iingxelo zokungqinelana. Lungisa ubungqina bakho ngokolandelelana kweziganeko ze ulungiselele ingcaciso emfutshane, ecacileyo yokuba kutheni unelungelo lemali oyifunayo.

Inkundla

Ukwaphulwa kwendlela kudla ngokusingathwa kwiinkundla ezikhethekileyo okanye izahlulo. Xa kuphandwa iimpazamo ezincinane, unokufumana ukhetho lokuhlawula inhlawulo ngaphandle kokuvela enkundleni. Kodwa ke, ukuba unqwenela ukukhuphisana nethikithi, kuza kufuneka uvele kwityala elicwangcisiweyo.

Xa uxhathisa itikiti lendlela, ubungqina bungaquka iifoto zendawo, ubungqina, iirekhodi zokulungisa izixhobo ezifana nee-injini okanye imiqondiso yendlela, kunye nobungqina bakho ngeemeko. Khumbula ukuba umthwalo ozinzileyo wobungqina kwiimeko zeenqwelo-moya uxhomekeke kurhulumente ukungqina oko kwenzekileyo.

INkundla Yemali

Imicimbi yokubhanki ibandakanya iinkundla ezikhethekileyo zikarhulumente ezinceda abantu namashishini ukuba bahlangabezane namatyala anzima. Ezi ndlela zimbini ziqhelekileyo zokuwa kwabantu yiSahluko 7 (ukuncitshiswa) neSahluko 13 (ukuhlawulwa okanye ukuhlawulwa).

Umthetho webhanki unzima, kwaye abantu abaninzi bayangenelwa ngokuqhagamshelana negqwetha elinikela imali. Noko ke, iiwebhsayithi zenkundla zinika inkcazelo malunga nenkqubo, iifomu ezifunekayo, iimali zokuhlawula ityala, kunye neemfuno zokucebisa ngetyala. IBhanki ineziphumo zemali ezithe kratya, ngoko kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngocoselelo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo njengendlela yokugqibela yokukhetha ezinye iindlela zokuphatha amatyala.

Ukusebenza nabasebenzi beNkundla

Ukuqonda indima yabasebenzi abahlukahlukeneyo basenkundleni kukunceda ukwazi indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo le nkqubo yaye uyazi ukuba ngubani oza kufumana uncedo olwahlukileyo.

ABagwebi Namagcisa

ABagwebi balawula amatyala asenkundleni, benze izigqibo kwimibandela engokwasemthethweni, baqinisekise ukuba kulandelwa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo, yaye kwiinkundla zesihlalo (iityala ngaphandle kwejaji), bagqibe iziphumo zamatyala. Abagwebi okanye abameli bagunyazi balungisa imicimbi yokuqala, iingqungquthela zokuhlalisana, yaye maxa wambi iimvavanyo kwiimeko ezingathi qatha.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abagwebi abamele bafumane inkcazelo evela kwelinye icala okanye kwiqela, kwaye olu khokelo luchaza indlela yokwenza unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo nomgwebi owabelwe ityala. Ungaze uzame ukuqhagamshelana nejaji ngokuthe ngqo ngetyala lakho ngaphandle kwengxelo yenkundla esemthethweni. Zonke iingxoxo kufuneka zenzeke kwinkundla evulekileyo okanye ngemiqathango ebhaliweyo nenkundla ebhalwe kakuhle kwaye zikhonze kuwo onke amaqela.

Abenzi Beenkundla

Iofisi yomabhalane isingatha imisebenzi yolawulo kuquka ukwamkela iifama, ukugcina iirekhodi zenkundla, ucwangciso lokuchongwa, kunye nemirhumo yokuqokelela. Abasebenzi be-ofisi yomphathi banganikela iinkcukacha malunga neenkqubo, iifomu, iimfuno zeplanga, kunye nemeko. Kodwa ke, abanako ukukunika icebiso elingokwasemthethweni okanye bakuxelele oko umele ukukubhala kumaxwebhu asemthethweni.

Xa uqhagamshelana ne-ofisi yomabhalane, lungiselela inani lakho letyala nemibuzo engqalileyo malunga neenkqubo okanye iimfuno. Abasebenzi be-ofisi kaClerk bazizinto ezixabisekileyo zokuqhuba iinkalo zolawulo lwenkundla.

Iinqobo ezizizo,

Amagosa enkundla agcina ucwangco nokhuseleko enkundleni, ancedisa ijaji, kwaye alawula abachopheli-tyala. Banokuphendula imibuzo ephathelele iinkqubo zenkundla zenkundla baze bakulathise kwindawo efanelekileyo. Amagosa okhuseleko enkundleni abonisa iindwendwe, agcina ukhuseleko, anyanzelisa imithetho yenkundla ephathelele izinto ezivaliweyo.

Ababali-ndaba Neencwadi

Iindaba zenkundla zenza iingxelo ezivakalayo zenkundla. Ezi ngxelo ziba yingxelo esemthethweni yoko kwathethwa enkundleni kwaye zibalulekile ekubheneleni. Ukuba ufuna ikopi yerekhodi, ungayalela ngomcholacholi wenkundla, nangona kudla ngokubakho umrhumo.

Abatoliki benkundla banikela iinkonzo zokutolika ulwimi kumaqela nakumangqina angalithethi ngokutyibilikayo isiNgesi. Ukuba ufuna itoliki, yazisa inkundla kwangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe amalungiselelo. Iinkonzo zokutolika azinikwanga mali iphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufikelelwa ngokulinganayo kokusesikweni.

Ukulungiselela Imbonakalo Yakho Yenkundla

Ukulungiselela ngokucokisekileyo kuphucula amathuba akho okuphumelela kwinkundla. Ukuba uzenza imvume okanye usebenza negqwetha, ukuthabatha la manyathelo kuya kukunceda ukuba unikele ityala lakho ngokunempumelelo.

Ukuqokelela Nokulungiselela Ubungqina

Ubungqina busisiseko setyala lakho.

  • Amaxwebhu: izivumelwano, ii-lisithi, oonobumba, ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yokubhaliweyo, iingxelo zezonyango, iingxelo zemali
  • Iifoto okanye iividiyo ezibonisa iimeko, umonakalo okanye iziganeko ezifanelekileyo
  • Izixhobo ezinxulumene
  • Ubungqina obuvela kubantu abanolwazi olufanelekileyo
  • Imbono yobuchule (ezinye iimeko)

Lungisa ubungqina bakho ngendlela esengqiqweni, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela elandelelana ngayo. Yenza imibhalo yejaji, iqela eliphikisanayo, nengxelo yakho.

Ukulungiselela Ubungqina Bakho

Ukuba uza kunikela ubungqina, lungiselela ngokuqwalasela izibakala zetyala lakho kwaye ulungelelanise iingcinga zakho. Ngexa ungamele ukhumbule iskripti (esinokuvakala siqheliselwe ngokuvakalayo kwaye singeyoyamvelo), kufuneka ucace ngeengongoma ezingundoqo omele unxibelelane ngazo. Ziqhelise ukucacisa indawo yakho ngokufutshane nangokucacileyo.

Lindela imibuzo ongayibuzwa, xa uxilongwa ngqo kwaye uxilongwa. Cinga ngobuthathaka obunokwenzeka kwimeko yakho uze ulungiselele iimpendulo ezinyanisekileyo nezicacileyo. Khumbula ukuba ukuthembeka kubalulekile ``ijaji nejaji zidla ngokukholelwa kumangqina abonakala enyanisekile nangafihlisiyo, kwanaxa evuma izibakala ezingachananga.

Ukuqonda Ukunconywa Kwenkundla

Ihambo efanelekileyo enkundlani ibonisa intlonelo ngenkqubo engokwasemthethweni yaye inokuba nempembelelo entle kwindlela ijaji ekugqala ngayo:

  • Yima xa ijaji ingena okanye iphuma enkundleni
  • Musa ukutya, usele, okanye uhlafune iintsini enkundleni
  • Ukwazisa abantwana enkundleni ngaphandle kokuba ngamaqela okanye amangqina
  • Musa ukufunda amaphephandaba, iincwadi okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki
  • Uthethanga nabanye abantu enkundleni
  • Musa ukwenza imbonakalo yobuso, izimbo okanye indlela evakalayo yokusabela xa unikela ubungqina
  • Linda ukuba ijaji ikuvume ngaphambi kokuba uthethe
  • Cela imvume ngaphambi kokuba usondele kwisihlalo okanye kwisikhundla samangqina

Oko Umele Ukuzise Enkundleni

Yenza uluhlu lwezinto onokuzisa kwimbonakalo yenkundla yakho:

  • Uchongo loRhulumente-okanye
  • Ityala lakho kunye nolwazi lwenkundla
  • Zonke iingxelo ezifanelekileyo nobungqina, kunye nemibhalo emininzi
  • Iphedi yephetshana nosiba lokubhala
  • Ulwazi ngejenali
  • naziphi na imiyalelo okanye isaziso esinxulumene netyala lakho
  • Imali ebhatalayo nayiphi na intlawulo okanye inkokhelo efunekayo

Shiya izinto ezichaseneyo ekhaya, kuquka izixhobo, izixhobo zokushicilela (ngaphandle kokuba zivunyelwe ngokukhethekileyo), kunye nayo nantoni na edweliswe kwimigaqo yokhuseleko lwenkundla.

Emva Kwesigqibo Senkundla

Ukuqonda Umgwebo

Emva kokuba inkundla inikezele isigqibo sayo, qinisekisa ukuba uyayiqonda kakuhle into eyayalelwayo. Ukuba isigqibo sejaji asicacanga, ungacela ukucaciswa. Izigqibo zenkundla zikhutshwa ngokubhaliweyo, zinika ingxelo esisigxina yesiphumo kunye nengcinga yomgwebi.

Kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni, ukugwetywa kusenokuquka ukugwetywa, ukugwetywa, ukuxelelwa, ukukhutshwa kwesivumelwano, ukukhutshwa kwemvume efuna okanye ekwalela izenzo ezithile, okanye ukupheliswa kwetyala.

Ukukhupha Isigwebo

Ukuphumeza umgwebo akuthethi ukuba uza kufumana oko kunikiweyo. Ukuba iqela eliphulukana nomthetho alihambisani ngokuzithandela, kufuneka uthabathe amanyathelo ongezelelweyo ukunyanzelisa. Iinkqubo zokunyanzelisa zingaquka ingeniso ehlawulwayo, ityala lebhanki, iindleko zempahla, okanye ukuphangwa nokuthengiswa kwempahla.

Iofisi yomabhalane wenkundla inganikela iinkcukacha malunga neenkqubo zokunyanzelisa ezikhoyo kulawulo lwakho. Ezinye iinkundla zinikela uncedo ngokusebenza kwamapolisa, ngoxa kwezinye iimeko kusenokufuneka uqeshe umbutho wembutho okanye igqwetha ukuze lincede ekuqokeleleni umgwebo.

Inkqubo yezibheno

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba inkundla yenze impazamo engokwasemthethweni kwityala lakho, usenokuba nelungelo lokubhenela kwisigqibo kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Izibheno aziyotyala eliphinda liqulunqe ngezantsi/iinkundla zokuhlola ukuba inkundla engaphantsi iwusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo umthetho ilandele iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo azibuhloli ngokuchanekileyo ubungqina obukhoyo okanye zive ubungqina obutsha.

Izibheno kufuneka zigcinwe ngexesha elingqongqo, elisukela kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-90 emva komgwebo. Inkqubo yokubhena ibandakanya ukuqokelela isaziso sokubhena, ukulungiselela ukuphikisa okufutshane okubhaliweyo ngesizathu sokuba isigqibo senkundla esezantsi siphosakele, kwaye maxa wambi kunikelwa impikiswano yomlomo phambi kwabagwebi abagwebi.

Izibheno zinzima kwaye zingobugcisa, kwaye abantu abaninzi bayangenelwa kumelo lwasemthethweni. Kodwa ke, ukuba uqhubeka ngaphandle kwegqwetha, iiwebhsayithi zenkundla zisoloko zinika ulwazi malunga neenkqubo neemfuno.

Enye impikiswano

Asizizo zonke iimpikiswano ezingokwasemthethweni ezifuneka ziconjululwe kwiinkundla zesithethe. Iindlela ezinokuqulunqwa (ADR) zokungavumelani zinokunikezela iindlela ezikhawulezayo, ezibiza imali encinane, nezingezozikhuseli ziphambili zokucombulula iingxabano.

Isicwangciso

Ukuphendula kubandakanya umntu wesithathu ongoondilele onceda abantu abaphikisanayo bafikelele isivumelwano sokuzithandela. Umlamli akenzi zigqibo okanye amise izisombululo kodwa wenza kube lula ukunxibelelana kwaye unceda amaqela afumane iindawo afana ngazo. Ukukhuthazana akunanto isesikweni, akubizi mali ingako, kwaye kuya ngokukhawuleza kunokuya ekuvavanyeni.

Iinkundla ezininzi zifuna okanye zikhuthaza ukuthethwano phambi kwetyala, ingakumbi kumthetho weentsapho nakumatyala asekuhlaleni. Ezinye iinkundla zinikela iinkonzo zesisa okanye zemali ephantsi. Kwanaxa zingafunwa, ukuphendulana kusenokuba yindlela ephumelelayo yokucombulula iingxabano ngoxa kulondolozwa ulwalamano nokulondolozwa kolawulo ngeziphumo.

Ushenxiso

Ulwahlulo lubandakanya ukunikezela ngetyala lakho kumphathi-mikhosi ongowongamelanga owenza isigqibo esibophayo. Luninzi olusesikweni kunoluvo kodwa oluqhelekileyo lungekho semthethweni kunetyala lenkundla. Ulwahlulo lungakhawuleza luze lube nexabiso eliphantsi kunelokuba unikezele amalungelo athile kuquka ilungelo lokubhenela kwiimeko ezininzi.

Ezinye izivumelwano ziquka izivakalisi ezinyanzelisayo zokukhupha ingxabano ezifuna ukuba ziconjululwe ngokuvavanywa kwetyala kunokuba zigwetywe yinkundla. Ukuqonda la malungiselelo ngaphambi kokusayina izivumelwano kubalulekile, kuba zinokuwachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo amalungelo akho asemthethweni.

Uhlaziyo noLonwabo

Amatyala amaninzi ahlala ngokuxoxisana okungqalileyo phakathi kwamaqela okanye amagqwetha awo. Ukuzinzisa kuvumela amaqela ukuba enze izicombululo zokuyila ezisenokungafumaneki ngokuvavanywa kwenkundla, aphephe ukungaqiniseki kwetyala, agcine ixesha nemali, agcine ixesha kunye nokugcina amathuba okuzimela.

Xa uqwalasela ukuhlaliswa kwemali, qwalasela ngenyameko amandla nobuthathaka bemeko yakho, iindleko kunye nomngcipheko wokuqhubeka ungena, nokuba isiqendu esicetyiweyo sicombulula izilangazelelo zakho ngokufanelekileyo kusini na. Musa ukuziva unyanzelekile ukuba uvume ukuhlaliswa okunganele, kodwa kwanaloo ndawo isoloko ibandakanya ukulalanisa.

Oovimba Bokufunda Ngokuqhubekayo

Ukuqhubeka uzifundisa ngeenkqubo zomthetho namalungelo akho kukunceda ukwazi ukusebenzisa le nkqubo ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Oovimba Bemfundo

Imibutho emininzi inikela ubuncwane bemfundo yesisa kwinkqubo engokwasemthethweni:

  • IZiko leMelika eliBamba inika iincwadi zemfundo kawonke-wonke ezithetha ngemibandela eyahlukeneyo engokwasemthethweni
  • Iqumrhu lorhulumente nelokusebenza kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni linika inkcazelo yabathengi negqwetha
  • Ikliniki yezomthetho maxa wambi inika icebiso elisemthethweni nemifanekiso
  • Ithala leencwadi likawonke-wonke lisoloko linezinto ezikhombekileyo ezisemthethweni yaye maxa wambi lineenkqubo zolwazi ezisemthethweni
  • Iiwebhsayithi zenkundla zinikela izikhokelo, iindlela, neevidiyo

Ukuhlala Usazi Ngophuhliso Lwasemthethweni

Imiqathango kunye neenkqubo zenkundla ziyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuhlala wazi ngenkqubela-phambili echaphazela amalungelo akho asemthethweni kukunceda wenze izigqibo zolwazi. Imithombo ethembekileyo yolwazi olusemthethweni iquka iiwebhsayithi zenkundla ezisemthethweni, ulawulo olusemthethweni, urhulumente, ukuseka iiwebhusayithi zolwazi olusemthethweni ezinjenge Justia kunye no-Nolo, kunye nokunikezelwa kolwazi olusemthethweni lwezikhundla oluvela kwimithombo ethembekile.

Lumka malunga nolwazi lomthetho oluvela kwimithombo engacwangciswanga njenge-website yoluntu okanye uphando jikelele kwi-Intanethi. Imithetho yomthetho iyahluka ngokwamagunya, kwaye ulwazi oluchanekileyo kwelinye ilizwe lungasetyenziswa kwelinye. Xa uqhubana nemicimbi ebalulekileyo yomthetho, uqinisekise ulwazi kwimithombo yasemthethweni okanye uqhagamshelane negqwetha elifanelekileyo.

Ixesha Lokufuna Uncedo Olusemthethweni

Nangona esi sikhokelo sinikela inkcazelo eluncedo ngokuqhuba inkqubo yokugweba, iimeko ezininzi ezingokwasemthethweni zifuna uncedo loogqirha.

  • Eli tyala libandakanya imiba enzima engokwasemthethweni okanye imali eninzi
  • Ujamelene nezityholo ezinzulu zolwaphulo-mthetho
  • Umchasi unomelo olusemthethweni
  • Awuqinisekanga ngamalungelo akho asemthethweni okanye ukhetho
  • Imeko ibandakanya iimfuno zobugcisa
  • Uziva udidekile yinkqubo engokwasemthethweni
  • Isiphumo siya kuba neziphumo eziphawulekayo zexesha elide

Amagqwetha amaninzi athetha ngemeko yakho ngokukhululekileyo, akuvumela ukuba uthethe ngemeko yakho uze ufumane icebiso lokuba ngaba ufuna ukumela na. Igqwetha lesebe lesebe linokukunceda ufumane amagqwetha asebenza kummandla ofanelekileyo womthetho.

Ukuba awunamali yokufumana igqwetha, uphanda iinkonzo zoncedo olusemthethweni, iinkqubo ze-probono, iikliniki zesikolo zomthetho, kunye nomlinganiselo olinganiselweyo (apho igqwetha linceda kwiinkalo ezithile zetyala lakho kunokuba liyimele ngokupheleleyo). Amanye amagqwetha anikela iinkcitho okanye iindleko ezihlawulwayo ezisekelwe kwingeniso.

Isiphelo

Isebe eligwebayo linendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo, ekucombululeni ingxabano nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho okusesikweni kwibutho lethu. Ngoxa inkqubo yenkundla isenokubonakala yoyikisa, iqonda isakhiwo sayo, ikwazi ukufumana izinto eziluncedo, yaye ilungiselela ngokucokisekileyo ukuthethwa kwemithetho kunika abemi amandla okulawula iinkqubo ezisemthethweni ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Nokuba ngaba usebenza kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala, uzimela kwinkundla yamatyala encinane, okanye ufuna nje ukuqonda amalungelo akho asemthethweni, ulwazi kunye neecebiso ezisebenzisekayo ezinikelwe kwesi sikhokelo zinika isiseko sokuzibandakanya ngokuzithemba nenkqubo yokugweba. Khumbula ukuba iinkundla zikho ukuze zincede uluntu, kwaye oovimba abaninzi bakhona ukunceda abemi ukuba baphumeze okusesikweni.

Ngokusebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi, amaziko okuzinceda, iinkonzo zoncedo olusemthethweni, kunye nezinto zokufundisa, ungayiqonda kakuhle inkqubo yomthetho uze wenze izigqibo zolwazi ngemicimbi yakho yomthetho. Xa iimeko zifuna uncedo lobugcisa, musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna uncedo kumagqwetha afanelekayo anokukunika ukhokelo oluvisisana neemeko zakho.

Inkqubo yokugweba isebenza kakuhle xa abemi bewaqonda amalungelo abo neembopheleleko zabo, bethabatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zomthetho, kwaye besondela kwiinkundla ngokulungiselela nangentlonelo. Ngolwazi olusebenzisekayo olufunyenwe kulo khokelo, uxhotyiswe ngakumbi ukuba uqhube kwisebe eligwebayo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ilizwi lakho liyaviwa ekuphunyeleni okusesikweni.