Ukuqonda Umanyano Lwaseburhulumenteni

Imfundiso yokuzikhusela ekuzilawuleni kwesizwe imi njengomnye wemiqobo eyoyikekayo kubantu abafuna ukuba oorhulumente baphendule ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Isekelwe kumgaqo womthetho wamandulo othi "ukumkani akanakwenza nto iphosakeleyo," le mfundiso ikhusela ekumangalelweni enkundleni karhulumente ngaphandle kwemvume yabo. Ngoxa ekuqaleni yayiqwalaselwe njengenkuselo ekuxhathiseni korhulumente, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwale mihla kuneziphumo ezifikelelayo zenkululeko yamakhaya, ngokufuthi ishiya amaxhoba ehambo engafanelekanga karhulumente ngaphandle kwemvume yawo ecacileyo yokugweba.

Embilinini wayo, ukugonya imigaqo-siseko yolawulo lukarhulumente akubhalwanga ngokucacileyo kuMgaqo-siseko wokuqala kodwa kwamiselwa ngokuqinileyo ngokugqwethwa koMphetho-Mgaqo-siseko weshumi elinesi-11 wesi-1795. Isivumelwano sichaza oku: "Amandla eejaji eUnited States akazukuthathwa njengokwandisa nayiphi na imfanelo esemthethweni okanye esesikweni, eqaliswe okanye emangalelwa nxamnye nomnye waseUnited States yi-Valativentine yelinye ilizwe, okanye yi-Paractics okanye iZigants okanye iZigane zalonkene zeLizwe laMazwe asemzini. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini, iNkundla ePhakathiswa yandisa olu lwimi ukuba lugwetye ngokuchasene norhulumente wayo, isenza ikhusi kufuphi netyala labucala labucala labucala ngaphandle kokuba i-Rokhestra okanye i-Breavelvel.

Kubaxhasi benkululeko yasekuhlaleni, ukuqonda intsingiselo yendlela yokuzikhusela kwimiqathango yolawulo oluphezulu kubalulekile. Le mfundiso ichaphazela ngqo amandla okumangalela amasebe karhulumente, amagosa karhulumente kubuchule bawo obusemthethweni, kwanakukodwa kwezoshishino zikarhulumente ngokwemeko ezithile. Ikwadala indawo entsonkothileyo apho isenzo esiphosakeleyo esifanayo sinokuthatha inyathelo ngokuchasene norhulumente wasekuhlaleni (ongakunandiphi ukulondolozwa kolawulo lobukhosi) kodwa hayi ngokuchasene norhulumente ngokwakhe. Oku kungalingani kuphakamisa imibuzo esisiseko ngokusesikweni nokuziphendulela kolawulo lweziko zabadlali abanamandla.

Imvelaphi Yembali Nendaleko YomGaqo-siseko

IsiHlaliso Seshumi Nenye Neengcaciso Zangaphambili

Impembelelo yokuqukunjelwa kweNkundla ePhakamileyo yeshumi elinesithoba yeSinyuko yavela kwityala leNkundla ePhakamileyo yowe-1793 Chajolm v. Georgia, apho iNkundla yayisithi ummi wabucala uyakwazi ukumangalela urhulumente kwinkundla yelizwe. Isigqibo sabangela ukuba amatyala amele amalungelo amazwe, nto leyo ikhokelela ekuthatheni iNkulwa phantsi kweNkampuko yePhondo yeshumi elinesitho-Mpu ekhawulezileyo. Kwinkulungwane emalunga nenkulungwane, ukupheliswa kweNkundla ephakamileyo yaqondwa ngokufutshane, ukukhuselwa ngokufutshane kwetyala (i-atrumprifi (i-10) kuphela i-egosa ityala elikhuselweyo yimeko yetyala yetyala yetyala. Noko ke, [iFLt:2]] iNt.[FLT.[FF:3]) ayizange i-odmis .

Oku kufundwa kwaguqula ukukhusela ulawulo oluphezulu kwimithetho elawulayo yaba ngumgaqo obanzi womgaqo-siseko. Kamva iNkundla yandisa ukhuseleko olufanayo kwimpahla kwinkundla yelizwe kwi Alden v. Maine (1999), ibambe ukuba amazwe akanakubekwa icala kwiinkundla zawo ngaphandle kwemvume yawo, kwanakuphula umthetho karhulumente. Zonke ezi zigqibo zandisa umqobo owoyikekayo wokuba iinkululeko zabemi zimele zihambe kakuhle.

Ukunconywa Kwengqungquthela Nemida Yayo

Kwiimeko ezithile, iKhomishini ingawuyeka umthetho ovumela ukumangalelwa kwasese ngokungqalileyo kumaphondo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo iye yamkela imithombo emibini ephambili yamandla okuqulunqwa kombutho: ICandelo 5 loMphetho-mda we-145 (owunyanzelisa ukhuseleko olulinganayo kunye nenkqubo efunekayo) kwaye, kumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu, iChwebo Claus. Noko ke, iNkundla ibeke imida engqongqo kweli gunya.

Seminole Tribun of Florida v. Florida [1996], iNkundla yathi iNkundla ayinakusebenzisa amandla ayo oMphathi-Mkhosi kaClaus ekukhuseleni ulawulo lwephondo. Esi sigqibo saphelisa ilungiselelo elingundoqo le-Indiyan Gammigagatation Act kwaye sabonisa ukuba iNkundla ikhusela ukhuseleko lwemithetho yezomthetho karhulumente. Ngokuphikisana noko, iNkuvunye, iNkundla ivumele ukusetyenziswa kweCandelo loMkhosi i-Clasko kumgangatho 5 we-145, kodwa kuphela xa umthetho u-"umthetho u-"umthetho owenziweyokungagqibekanga ngokomthetho wokungancitshiswa kwemeko ye-mthetho. Oku kwasetyenziswa kwiSigqeqenti se-Fod Florida [2], apho i-Foctive) i-Agetlectriveant, apho i-ecedvement i-ecedvement elungileyo eqinileyongeluethe

Le mithetho idala umsebenzi odityanisiweyo wokhuseleko. Umzekelo, iSihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo oMsebenzi ka-1942 (sibhenca ucalulo lwemisebenzi esekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe) ngokomthetho ulawulo lwezibonelelo kuba sinyanzelisa ukukhuselwa kwe-Celt Protection Claus. Kodwa eminye imithetho yesizwe, efana namaMelika anengxaki ekhubazekileyo (ADA) njengoko isetyenziswa emsebenzini, yafunyanwa ekuqaleni ingaphaya kwegunya leCandelo kwi-[FLT: 0] Board yabaxhasi be-Tyenu beYunivesithi ye-Alabaleki. [FLT][2001] [2001]. Kamva, i-LaFTreens v [FT] [2004], iSihlombe seNkurho (iSihloko se-ASpesenti) se-AC.) iSihlombe seNkuvo samanani sobutho (i kwe-AC.Acceac) sigunya soncedo soncedo soluntu soluntu) si

Oyena Mxholo uKhethiweyo kuRhulumente Olawulayo

Ngaphandle kobubanzi bemfundiso, iindleko eziziintlobo-ntlobo ezicwangcisiweyo zinika iindlela zenkululeko yabemi ukufumana isiqabu. Ukuqonda ezi zimkhethe kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni ukusetyenziswa kwenkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Izahlulo Zokwahlula Abasemagunyeni

Owona mahluko ubalulekileyo uthatyathwe kwityala lonyaka ka-1908 Ex yeyona ndawo incinci. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yathi abantu banokumangalela amagosa karhulumente kumsebenzi wawo osemthethweni wokukhululeka okumiselwe ukumiselwa koncedo oluqhubekayo lokuphelisa ukwaphulwa komthetho karhulumente. Ibali elingokwasemthethweni lithetha ukuba urhulumente owenzileyo ukhutshwe ngokungekho mthethweni ngenxa yokungagunyaziswanga komthetho wesizwe ngenxa yokuba urhulumente akanakugunyazisa ihambo engekho mthethweni. Oku kuvumela iinkundla zelizwe ukuba zivumele amagosa amiselwe umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, zikhutshwe amabanjwa ukuba agwetyelwe ngokungekho mthethweni, okanye zibuyisele iinzuzo ezivalelwe ngokwaphulwa komthetho worhulumente.

Ex ee Young lisiseko samalungelo amaninzi asekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, umvoti ucel ’ umngeni umthetho we-ID karhulumente uyakwazi ukuququzelela unobhala wenkundla karhulumente ukuba agunyazise ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho. Ngokufanayo, ibanjwa eliye lafumana isohlwayo esingekho mthethweni nesohlwayo esingaqhelekanga lingamfaka umgcini-ntolongo isiqabuliso. Noko ke, okuhlukileyo akuvumi ukuba imali ihlawulwe ngokuchasene nemo ye-morentiya okanye isiqabuliso sokukhululeka. Ukubuyisa kwetyala, i-mathi, i-transftis kufuneka afumane ukuba imeko isohlwaye okanye i-Congresskorvey iphumele ngokusemthethweni.

Ilizwe

Amazwe angawaphazamisa ngokuzithandela amaqumrhu awo okuzikhusela ekuzilawuleni nokuvumelana nawo. AmaWaiver angachaza . njengokusebenzisa umthetho karhulumente odala inkqubo yokuzithethelela ngokusetyenziswa kwezenzo ezithile, njengokususa ityala kwinkundla yephondo. Amazwe amaninzi aye amisela izicelo zokuzimisela izenzo ezivumela ukumangalelwa okulinganiselweyo ngokuchasene namaqumrhu karhulumente, kodwa ezi zinto zisoloko zibangela umonakalo, zimisela imimiselo emifutshane, kwaye zifuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo ngamalungiselelo esaziso. Abameli benkululeko yamakhaya kufuneka bahlole imithetho ethile echaphazekileyo kwigunya labo abazimisele ukulimela i-shee.

Kukwanokwenzeka ukuba urhulumente athintele ukhuseleko ngokwamkela imali ukuba umthetho oxhasa imali uqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zelisithi ezicacileyo zivumelekile. Noko ke, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ibeke umthetho "ocacileyo": IBhunga kufuneka ivakalise ngokucacileyo injongo yalo yokumisela imali karhulumente kwingxaki yothintelo. Ulwimi oluqhelekileyo oluvumela ukumangalelwa "nabani na ofumana imali" wemali karhulumente lungakwanelanga ukugqobhoza ikhaka.

Isuti Ephantsi Kowe - 1983

42.S.C. ngo1998 isithuthi esiphambili sokuthethelela umGaqo-siseko wesizwe kunye namalungelo omthetho ngokuchasene nabadlali bakarhulumente. Ngeli xesha u-1998 evumela iisuti ngokuchasene "nabantu" abasebenza phantsi kombala womthetho karhulumente, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ibambelele rhoqo ekubeni amaqumrhu karhulumente akangoo "numnts" ngokwentsingiselo yomthetho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ummeli ocacileyo akanakuyimela ngokwakhe imeko ngokwayo ngenxa yomonakalo ophantsi komnyaka ka-19698. Kodwa ke, amagosa arhulumente ngamanye anokukhohliswa kwimfuno yawo yobuqu yemali, ukuba nje angenalo ilungelo lokuzikhusela okufanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-Cecellineans (iqumrhu elikhoyo) ligqalwa phantsi komgaqo womthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko we-mthetho-siseko (onke) yaye okunokuthathwa phantsi kokwahlulwa ngokwamalungelo abantu abaninzi basekuhlaleni.

Kubaxhasi benkululeko yasekuhlaleni, lo mahluko ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokwazi ummangalelwa ofanelekileyo. Ukugatya igosa lorhulumente kumandla abo obuqu kuyawuphepha umgoqo wokhuseleko oluphezulu kodwa kunyuse ukukhusela ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo, olukhusela amagosa kwityala ngaphandle kokuba aphule umthetho "owenziwe ngokuphandle". Umanyano lokhuseleko lobugoci-goci kunye nokuzikhusela okufanelekileyo kudala imiqobo emibini efuna ukubekwa phantsi kwemiqathango ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo nayiphi na imeko.

Ucelomngeni Lokukhulula Abahlali

Iingxaki Kwimimandla Ekhethekileyo

Ukufikelela kwe-odoli yokuzikhusela kwesonga-mandla kuchaphazela phantse wonke umbutho wokhuseleko lwamakhaya. amatyala okungalawuleki kwelungelo , ixhoba elibethwa ngamajoni karhulumente lingamangalela ngokwalo amagosa kodwa lingakwazi ukumangalela umbutho wamapolisa ngenxa yomonakalo ngaphandle kokuba urhulumente uthintelwe yile. [[FLT:] amalungelo [FLT] [[FLT:]] [1]] I-ligijijini yomthetho, i-8h Dementementmentmentsss ngokuchasene nesebe lesizwe lokulungisa ikhuselwe ulawulo olungenayo lwezongalawulo; isihlangulo kufuneka sifunekelwe kwimiyalelo okanye ngabasebenzi ngabanye. Ngokunjalo, umntu ngamnye [[FLT] onxibe intetho yakhe ekhululekileyo [[FFFF:5]] ikhuselwe yimeko efanayo ye-equmstelets]

Abaxhasi bamalungelo adimazekileyo baye bafumana ubunzima obuthile. Emva kokuba bebobugcibo boTshenxiso . Garrett, abaqeshi belizwe babengonamajoni kakhulu ekwahluleni imisebenzi, beshiya abasebenzi abakhubazekileyo bexhomekeke kumayeza karhulumente okanye amandla abomntu siqu achasene nabaphathi. Ngelixesha amathuba okufumana isiqabu phantsi ulwahlulo oluthiyo oluncinane luhlala luhleli, ukunqongophala komonakalo lwemichiza kungaphosa ugcino-nyango lwezonothi zemali luze lunciphe ukhuthaze ukhuthazo lobuqu lokuthobelana.

Kummandla wamalungelo achazwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba akhuseleke kurhulumente ozinzileyo , ukhuseleko lwesizwe ludlala indima ekudibaniseni ngaphezulu kokuvuleka, imithetho ye-ID, kunye nokuhlanjululwa kweerolo ezivotayo. UMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1965 uchazwe ukuba uthintelo lwesizwe lwebrogate phantsi kweCandelo 5 loMphetho-Mgaqo-siseko we-14, ngoko ke amatyala anganyulwa ngqo ngenxa yokuphulwa kwaloo mthetho. Kodwa umsebenzi wesiphatho seesigqibo sovoti wovota uthetha ukuba eminye imimiselo enxulumene novota-vota isenokunganikeze umgaqo omnye.

Amathuba Afumaneka Ngokufundiswa

Ngaphandle kwale miqobo, abaxhasi baye bavelisa iindlela ezisebenzayo. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo kukudibanisa isindululo sokunganikezeli kwigosa lorhulumente phantsi ex icandelo Young ngokufuna ukonakaliswa ngokuchasene nomphathi wobuqu. Oku kuvumela umchasi ukuba ayeke ukuchasana okuqhubekayo ngeli xesha ebambe umenzi-mali. Enye indlela kukuzisa izityholo ngokuchasene noorhulumente basekuhlaleni (ooooomasipala, iibhodi zesikolo, izikolo) kunokuba urhulumente ngokwawo ungakunandi kukhuselo lomgangatho ophezulu.

Ukumangalelwa kwezenzo zeklasi kusoloko kufuna ukukhululeka kokunganikezeli nokunganikezeli ekuceleni ulwaphuko lwenkqubo, njengeemeko ezingamiselwanga kwiintolongo zikarhulumente okanye ulawulo lolawulo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwezibonelelo zikawonke-wonke. Ngenxa yokuba olo ncedo lujonge phambili, luwela ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwe ulwahlulo oluncinci [[FLT] olu-ex' olu-ok' olukhoyo, lungakhokelela ekupheliseni iinguqu naxa iilahleko zemali zingekho.

Ukongezelela, iinkundla zeli lizwe zisenokuvuma ngakumbi izityholo ezithile kuneenkundla zesizwe. Amanye amaphondo aye arhoxa ukhuseleko lolawulo lwezigaba ezithile zamalungelo abantu, okanye achaza imimiselo yawo yomthetho-siseko ukuba anikezele ukhuseleko olubanzi kunomthetho wesizwe. Abameli abamele bakutyeshele ukuhlaziywa kwenkundla yelizwe phantsi komthetho wesizwe, apho ukhuselo lwezongamela lombuso lunokuba luncedo ngakumbi.

Imigudu yoMthetho nenkqubo yoHlaziyo

Imibutho yenkululeko yamakhaya kudala iqhubela phambili utshintsho lowiso-mthetho ukuze kuthintelwe umgangatho wokuzikhusela kolawulo lukarhulumente.

  • Umthetho we-FLT obonisa ngokucacileyo injongo yeBhunga elizinzileyo kukhuseleko lwemiqobo phantsi kweCandelo 5 loMphetho-Mdathi weshumi elinesine. Umzekelo, iKhomishini ye-Umsebenzi olinganayo ikhuthaze ukupheliswa kwemimiselo yamalungelo abantu ukuquka ulwimi olucacileyo lokuhlahlela.
  • Ukubhalisa izibonelelo zesizwe kwimvume karhulumente yokulungisa. Le ndlela isetyenzisiwe ngempumelelo kwiindawo ezinjenge Medicaid kunye nezothutho, kodwa iNkundla Ephakamileyo "umba ocacileyo" umthetho uyenza ibe buthathaka ukuvavanya ukuba imeko ayibhalwanga ngokucacileyo.
  • Utshintsho lomgangatho wesimo. Amanye amazwe aye ngokuzithandela anciphisa ukhuseleko lwawo ngomthetho okanye ngokulungisa umGaqo-siseko. Umzekelo, uMthetho we-Tort waseKhalifoniya uvumela iisuti ezibanzi nxamnye nezinto ezizimeleyo zikawonke-wonke, lo gama iNkundla yaseNew York inika i-Fout umbutho ukwenzela izinto ezithile ezichasa urhulumente.

Kwicala lonikezelo, abaxhasi bayaqhubeka bevavanya imida yezobungangamsha obukhoyo. Amatyala angokweNkundla yakutshanje ePhakamileyo anjenge Allen v. Cooper (2020), ekholelwa ukuba iLe Komiti Yokhuphelo-zincwadi ye-Confull Remedification Act ayigunyaziswanga ngokusemthethweni ukhuseleko lombuso kulwamkelo lwamalungelo osemthethweni, ibonakalisa ukuqhubekeka kwenqikelelo lweNkulwano kwicala lokhupho. Kodwa isigqibo esifanayo siqinisekisiwe ukuba amaziko awakhuselekanga kwisuti yenkululeko ekwizikhuseli eziluncedo ezichasene nabazotshitshini nabadali abasebenza ngaphandle kwemvume ye-omeli.

Ukulungelelanisa Ulongamo Namalungelo Abemi: Ingxoxo Eqhubekayo

Uxanduva phakathi kolawulo lukarhulumente namalungelo abantu angabantu alunakuconjululwa nanini na. Abaxhasi bokhuselo oluphezulu baphikisa ngelithi lulondoloza isidima samazwe, lukhusela ubuncwane bukarhulumente, luhlonela umGaqo-siseko woburhulumente. Balumkisa ukuba ukumangalelwa okungenamiqathango kuya kubhenca amatyala angonakalisayo kwaye kuphazamisa imisebenzi yabo yolawulo.

Abagxeki baphendula ngokuthi amakhandlela okukhusela ukuthintelwa komzimba athetha ukuba anokubekwa ityala ngenxa yokunganyaniseki okungalinganiyo kwaye adala inkqubo yokusesikweni engenako ukulingana apho oyena mmangalelwa unamandla, `ilizwe] lisoloko lingenatyala elincinane. Balatha kwimizekelo engokwembali yamazwe asebenzisa ukhuseleko ukuphepha ityala lobuhlanga, inkohlakalo yamapolisa, kunye nokuphatha iinkqubo ngendlela engafanelekanga. Imfundiso, baphikisa ngelithi, lilungelo elinikwe igunya elingenandawo kwidemokhrasi yanamhlanje enikelwe kumthetho.

Ingcaciso ecacileyo idla ngokubalaselisa ukungahambelani kwamalungelo akhuselwe ngumGaqo-siseko kunye nokuncina kwemiqathango ekhoyo nxamnye namazwana. Njengoko uNjingalwazi Erwin Chemerinsky ebhalile, "Izithembiso ezibalaseleyo zomGaqo-siseko azithethi nto ingako ukuba zinokunyanzeliswa nxamnye norhulumente ozichasayo." Le mvakalelo ivakala kuninzi lwabasebenzi abajonga ukukhusela ulawulo lomntu njengobuchule obudinisa isiseko somthetho-siseko.

Ukhokelo Olusebenzisekayo Kwabameli Benkululeko Yamakhaya

Kubo basebenza kwinkululeko yasekuhlaleni, ulwazi olusebenzayo lokhuseleko lokuzilawula aluyonto efunwayo ngokuzikhethela . Kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuqhuba ityala. Nazi izinto eziliqela ezisebenzayo:

  1. Ngamaxesha onke isalatha ummangalelwa ofanelekileyo. Imisela ukuba umenzi wobubi ngummeli karhulumente, ligosa likarhulumente, urhulumente wasekuhlaleni, okanye umntu ngamnye. Olu hlalutyo luza kulawula enoba ukhuseleko oluphezulu luyasebenza na kwaye ziziphi iindlela zokukhululeka ezikhoyo.
  2. [[FLT: 0] Funa isiphumlisi esingaphakathi naninina kunokwenzeka. I Umahluko okwinxenye encinci [ uvumela uphandle olubanzi phambili kujongo lwamayeza. Nokuba umonakalo wemali yinjongo epheleleyo, umyalelo unganqanda umonakalo oqhubekekayo kwaye wenze uxinzelelo lolungiso.
  3. uphando lwemithetho yereyithingi. Amazwana amaninzi aye amisela imimiselo evumela ukumangalelwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ezi zidla ngokufuna ukudinwa kolawulo, ukuphelelwa kwexesha okufutshane lokugcina ixesha, kunye nesaziso esingqalileyo. Ukungahambi kwexesha lokunika isaziso kungabulala kule meko.
  4. Caphula inkundla yorhulumente kunye nomthetho karhulumente. Iinkundla zikarhulumente zingachaza umgaqo-siseko wazo ukubonelela ngeenkcitho ezingenakufumaneka kwiinkundla zikarhulumente. Amanye amazwe akwathi athintele ukukhusela itorts ngengozi okanye ukwaphulwa komgaqo-siseko, ukubonelela unyango lomonakalo olungasetyenziswa ngumthetho wesizwe.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Ukugcina okukhoyo kwinkqubela-phambili yeNkundla ePhakamileyo. Umthetho wokuzikhusela kwindalo uguquka ngegama ngalinye. Abameli kufuneka bajonge amatyala malunga nobungakanani bokohlulwa, inxenye encinci [ umahluko, kunye nonxulumano phakathi kokhuseleko nemithetho yesizwe.
  6. Amaqela alungelelaniswe nemibutho yesizwe. Amaqela afana ne Inkululeko yamakhaya yaseMelika (ACLU) kunye [[FLT:]] ne [FLT] Imali yokhuselo & Educational Fund iziphumo zokhuselo lwendlela yokhuseleko lwezikhuseli kwaye ibonelela inkxaso ye-amicus kwiimeko ezingundoqo.

Isiphelo

Ukhuseleko olulawulayo lwesizwe asiyokona nje ikona ekwindawo ebanzi yomthetho-siseko . "iyokwenene yemihla ngemihla kubaxhasi benkululeko yabemi. Kulo lonke isigqibo esichaphazela zonke izigqibo ezingezomthetho, ezithi zichazwe ngamagama abamangalelwa, nezithi zifuneke ziziphi iingcaciso. Ngoxa le mfundiso iphakamisa imingeni ebalulekileyo, ezi zikodwa kunye neenkqubo ezichazwe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba okusesikweni kusenokufumaneka. Ummeli oqonda ukuba uxanduvalo lwetyala luxanduva olukhoyo, kodwa lungekho sizathu. Njengoko iinkundla ziqhubeka zicombulula imida yokhuselo, kwaye njengoko izinyusombululo ziqwalasela umlinganiselo phakathi kolawulo nenkululeko ecacileyo ngexesha lethu. Abaxhasi abaqonda imfundiso inokuqhubeka bekhusela amalungelo ayo kwaye baqhubeke belwela amalungelo okhuseleko lomGaqonga.

Ukuqhubeka kufundwa: Okubhaliweyo koMphetho-mva weshumi elinesine kufumaneka ukusuka ku .gov UmGaqo-siseko Wahlula-hlulayo. Uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwembali kunye nemeko yangoku yokuzikhusela kolawulo lungafunyanwa kwi [[[FLT:]] ICornell Information’s Wex [[FLT:]] [FLT]] kwisombululo ye-omati.[FLT:]