Amanyathelo okubonisana karhulumente afumene ubuchule obubalulekileyo kumazwe asakhasayo ngokufanayo. Ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuphendula, ukukhuthaza ukuthembana kukawonke-wonke, nokukhuthaza ukuba nenxaxheba kommi onolwazi ekulawuleni. Kodwa, nangona kuxhaphakile, ukuvavanya ukuphumelela kokwenyaniso kwezi ntshukumo zilandelayo kuseluntsonkothweni oluntsonkothileyo kwaye lusoloko luthandabuza. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iinkalo ezininzi zobuchule bukarhulumente bokuvelisa ukukhanya okucacileyo, kuquka iinjongo zazo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuyila, iimpembelelo ezinokuthelekisa impumelelo, nemiqobo enokudodobala impumelelo yabo. Ngokuhlolisisa uphando lwemeko yehlabathi kunye nokuqhambuka, sinikela ubuchule bokuhlola indlela ezinokuphumelela ngayo izithembiso zabo.

Ukuqonda Umahluko Okhoyo Kurhulumente

Ukukhanya okucacileyo kukarhulumente kubhekisela ekukhululekeni nasekufikeleleni kolwazi lukarhulumente, kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, nokuqiqa okusemva kwezenzo zoburhulumente. Ngumgaqo osisiseko solawulo lwedemokhrasi, onceda abemi bagcine iinkokeli zabo zinenxaxheba enenjongo kubomi bukawonke-wonke. Ukubonakala gca akuthethi nje ngokukhupha ugcino-lwazi; kubandakanya ukuyila indlela yokuzimela izinto ngokukhululekileyo apho ulwazi lugeleza ngokukhululekileyo, luqondakala lula, kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo nguwonke-wonke wonke.

Le ngcamango inemvelaphi enzulu yembali, ukusuka kwimithetho yangaphambili yelanga eSweden kwinkulungwane ye-18 ukuya kwimibutho yale mihla yogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo. Kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukubonakala mhlophe kuye kwaba yimeko yehlabathi lonke, exhaswe yimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe enjenge evulekileyo iSebe loRhulumente likaRhulumente [ [OGP] kunye ne CD[[FLT]]. Iinjongo ezingundoqo zobuchule ziquka:

Izinto ezinokwenziwa zizindululo ezibonisa ngaphaya

Ngelixesha iinjongo zokulawula ukubonakala kwelinye icala zabelana ngokubanzi, uboniso lwazo olukhethekileyo luyahluka-hluka ngolawulo nangomongo. Injongo nganye ifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-metric zokulinganisa.

Ukuphenduliswa

Ubuchule bokuphendula buxhomekeke kubuchule bokufumana izigqibo neziphumo. Ukwenziwa koqingqo-mali olucace gca, umzekelo, kuvumela amaqumrhu ophicotho-zincwadi kunye nebutho lasekuhlaleni ukuba kuthelekise ukusetyenziswa kwemali ecetyiweyo kunye nentelekelelo yokwenene. Iibhodi zobuchule ezipapashiweyo zombutho zivumela uphando lukawonke-wonke lokuba amagosa ahlangabezane naloo maxhoba awo. Ngaphandle kokubonakala ngokucacileyo, ukuphendula kuba yingcamango engenamsebenzi.

Ukwakha Intembelo

Ukuthembana kuyinto eluncedo enokuthi iphele xa kufihliwe okanye kuqiniswa ngokulula. Uphando oluvela kwiBhanki yomhlaba wonke[[FLT: 1] lubonisa ukuba abemi abajonga urhulumente wabo njengocace gca basengozini yokuthobela imithetho kunye nokuhlawula iirhafu. Noko ke, ukuthemba akunakuguquka; ukubonakala ngokucacileyo kukodwa akukwanelanga ukuba ulwazi olutyhiliweyo lubhenca ukungalungi okanye ukungalungisi ngaphandle kwesenzo sokulungisa esilandelayo.

Ukukhuthaza Inxaxheba

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwengqondo kuyimfuneko ukuze abemi bangenelele kwiirekhodi zemithetho, kwiidrafti zemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nogcino-lwazi lomsebenzi, bangaba negalelo ngokunempumelelo kwiingxoxo zikawonke-wonke. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba, okudibanisa ukubonakala ngokucacileyo negalelo elingqalileyo lommi, kuye kwaboniswa ukunyusa ukubotshelelwa kwemibutho nokuphucula ingeniso yemiba yoluntu kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni.

Iintlobo Zokuqala Zokubonisa ngaphaya

Iindlela zokubonisa ngaphaya zinokuba ziintlobo ezininzi, nganye ineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo neziphumo ezicetyiweyo. Ezinazo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

Ukuzikhulula

Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwentshukumo zokubona ngaphaya, ulwakhiwo oluzintlobo-ntlobo luyimfuneko. Ezi meko zilandelayo zibalulekileyo kuhlolo:

Ufikeleleko

Ufikelelo lungumqobo wokuqala. Naxa ugcino-lwazi lukhutshwe, lungatshixwa kwii-PDF okanye lungcwatywe kwii-website ezingaqondakaliyo. Ezina ziqhagamsheli zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo zisebenzisa imidibaniso yenkqubo yokumiselwa kwenkqubo (APS) ukuvumela unikezelo lokwenene lwexesha kunye necandelo lesithathu lesixhobo sokuphuhlisa. Oorhulumente kufuneka kwakhona bathethe ngolwahlulo lwamanani ngokunika inqaku lonikezelo ngaphandle konxibelelwano kunye nokusebenzisana namathala eencwadi kunye namaziko oluntu.

Icacile

Ukukhanya kunxibelelwano kubalulekile ukuze kuguqulelwe ekuqondeni. Ugcino-lwazi oluntsonkothileyo kufuneka lwenziwe lula kusetyenziswa iinkcazelo, iibhodi ezishwankathelweyo, kunye nezishwankatheli zengxelo. Umzekelo, amaxwebhu oqingqo-mali asebenzisa iitshati ezisebenzisanayo kunye neenkcazelo zolwimi olucacileyo asebenza kakhulu kune programads ezixineneyo. Uqeqesho lwabanxibelelanisi bakarhulumente ngolwazi kunye nokubhala okucacileyo lungaphucula ngokuphawulekayo ukucaca.

Ubungqina

Ukunikela amanyathelo okubonisa indlela uluntu olusebenzisana ngayo nezinyathelo zokubonisana. Ukupapashwa kwenkcazelo akuqinisekisi ukuba kuyasetyenziswa. Amanyathelo aphumelelayo aquka iinkcazelo - ezifana neefomu zokuphendula, ukujongana kwezentlalo-mbini, kunye nohlolo lolwaneliseko - ukuqonda indlela olusetyenziswa ngayo ulwazi nokuphendula kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi. Iiplatform ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babhalisele okanye bakhuphele ulwazi ukuze baluhlolisise, zidla ngokubona ukugana okuphezulu.

Isiphumo

Ekugqibeleni, impembelelo yeyona ibalulekileyo kodwa inzima kakhulu ekufumaneni. Uvavanyo lwentelekelelo yoluntu oluthe lwanda lungalinganiswa ngophando lovo, kodwa ukholo luphenjelelwa ziimeko ezininzi ngaphaya kokubonakala. Uguqulo kukonakala lungajongwa ngokusebenzisa ii-dictiones njengeprojekti Yorhight Perceptions Index, kodwa ekunikezelweni kunzima. Olona vavanyo lweyisekayo lusebenzisa i-quasi-emperings, uthelekiso lweziphumo ezikhoyo ekulawulweni okunamandla kwabo bangakhange banjalo. Umzekelo, [[FLT: 0] ufundo lwe-ECD lufumene ukuba amazwe anemigaqo-data ebanzi ebanzi luqwalaselwe phantsi kokonakala nokuthemba okuphezulu.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Ukuphuhlisa umlinganiselo omandla we-metric kungundoqo wokuvavanya amanyathelo okubonisa ngaphaya.

  • Inani lemiba yonikezelo ye-data epapashiweyo, ubuninzi bohlaziyo, kunye nokuhambelana nemigangatho evulekileyo yogcino-lwazi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukuququzelela komsebenzisi: Abakhenkethi abangaqhelekanga kwi ports, ukhuphelo, umnxeba we API, kunye nevolution yesicelo.
  • Inani eligqumayo leMedia: Inani lamanqaku eendaba abhekisa kugcino-lwazi lukarhulumente okanye iingxelo zokubonakala kwelinye icala.
  • [[UMTL:0] Intengiso yokwahlula: Iinguqu ezisekelwe kubungqina bokubona okanye iqondo lolweyiseko lolwaphulo-mthetho lorhwaphilizo.

Izalathiso zoququzelelo zibandakanya uphando lwamatyala, udliwano-ndlebe nemibutho yasekuhlaleni, kunye nohlolo lwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo inkcazelo yokubona ngaphaya kwiingxoxo zenkqubo. Ukuchaza i-quantatitititive kunye nogcino-lwazi olune-data olunempumelelo

Iingxaki Zokusebenza

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezinokwenzeka, iingxaki ezininzi zingathintela ukuphumelela kwenyathelo lokubonisa ukukhanya:

  • Isigqibo sokutshintsha: Amanye amagosa karhulumente angaxhathisa ukubonakala ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokoyika ukuhlolisiswa, ukuphulukana nolawulo, okanye ukuchanabeka kokuphathwa kakubi. I-ofisi ejongene nenkcaso yezobupolitika zingaluphelisa utshintsho.
  • [[UKWENZIWA:0] ugcino-lwazi: Ukusebenzisa amanyathelo abanzi okubona afuna utyalo-mali kubugcisa, uqeqesho, kunye nabasebenzi. Abameli abangenamda bemali banokukhupha ukubonakala gca, ingakumbi ukuba ayigunyaziswanga.
  • Ubunjani be-DATA: Ubunjani obungalunganga, obungaphelelanga, okanye ugcino-lwazi oluphelelwe lixesha lungabunciphisa ukunyaniseka kwemigudu yokubona ngaphaya. Ugcino-lwazi oluchaphazelekileyo lokupapasha lungenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokulungileyo, luphelisa ukuthembana kunokuba lwakhe.
  • Ukungakhathali okungalawulekiyo: Naxa ulwazi lukhona, ukubotshwa kommi kusenokuba phantsi ngenxa yokungaqondi, ukunqandwa kwexesha, okanye ukudideka. Ukubonakala ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo akuphumeleli ukufikelela usukelo lwako lokuzifunela izinto.
  • [[UMTLL: 0] Inkxalabo zokhuseleko nokhuseleko: ukulinganisa ukubonakala okungatshintshiyo kunye yimfihlo, ukhuseleko lwesizwe, kunye namalungelo empahla yesizwe lunzima. Ukukhulula okubanzi kakhulu kunokuyiphazamisa impembelelo yemithetho yeFOI, ngexa ezimxinwa kakhulu zingabhenca ugcino-lwazi lobuqu oluchuku.

Uhlolisiso Lwezinyathelo Eziphumelelayo

Ukuqwalasela inyathelo eliphumelelayo lokubonisa imbonakalo kunika ingqiqo exabisekileyo kunye noqheliselo olungcono. Nantsi imizekelo emininzi ebalulekileyo:

Ugcino-lwazi Oluvulekileyo Lwesixeko SaseNew York

I-Open Data Law yesiXeko saseNew York, egqithwe ngo-2012, igunyazisa ukuba bonke abameli besixeko bapapashe ugcino-lwazi lukawonke-wonke kwizibuko elinye. Iqonga ngoku likhupha ugcino-lwazi olungaphezulu kwama-2 000, ukusuka kumanani olwaphulo-mthetho ukuya kwiziphumo zokuhlola iivenkile zokutyela. Inyathelo liye lanceda iintatheli ukuba zikwazi ukutyhila iipakethi zezindlu zokulwa, abaphuhlisi bokwakha iinkqubo zokoqobo zothutho lwexesha, kunye namaqela eencwadi amaqela e-ookhelingi afumana iimali ezithe ngqo. Iimeko ezingundoqo ziquka ulawulo olunamandla lwe-omatilo, i-ofisi yogcino-data e-Alialytics, kunye nezixhobo zobuhlobo obufana ne-ne-WC data Open Data API.

IGovernance Yase - Estonia

I-Estonia yamkela ulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanani, inika abemi ulawulo olulula kwiinkonzo zikarhulumente kunye nolwazi olungenkqubo ekhuselekileyo yokuzichaza ngamanani. Iqonga le-X-Road livumela ukuba ugcino-lwazi lwabelana ngamazwe ahlukeneyo ngemvume yabemi, ngelixa i-Open Data Portal ipapasha idata engaphezulu kwama-500. Imodeli ecacileyo ye-Estonia yakha iqondo eliphezulu lokuthemba; ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi banikela ingxelo yamava okunyoba. Impumelelo yale nkqubo ibangelwa kukwamkela kwasekuqaleni ubugcisa obufana nobemi bogcino-data kunye nenkcubeko yemfundo yamanani.

Izibuko Elibonisa Imbonakalo Engatshintshiyo EBrazil

I-Transparency Portal yaseBrazil, eyandululwa ngurhulumente wesizwe ngo-2004, ivumela abemi ukuba balandelele ukusetyenziswa kukarhulumente ngexesha lokwenene. Lo mgaqo ugquma ii-atracties zikarhulumente, ii-oomasipala, izivumelwano zikarhulumente, kunye nemivuzo yabasebenzi bakarhulumente. Isetyenziswe kakhulu ziintatheli kunye nebutho lasekuhlaleni ukuvumbulula ukunganyaniseki, nto leyo enegalelo ekuphenjelelweni kowakhe waba nguMongameli uDilma Rousseff. Nangona kunjalo, i-ofisi ye-ofisi yezopolitiko iyaqhubeka isebenza kwaye iqhubeka inyusa ukunikezelwa kwayo.

Ugcino - lwazi lwamaNgesi.gov.uk

Ugcino-lwazi lwe-UK.gov.uk, olundululwe ngo-2010, lunika ii-data ezingaphezu kwama-40 000 ezivela kurhulumente wesizwe nowasekuhlaleni. Inyathelo elixhasa ukudalwa kweSicwangciso soRhulumente we-Open National Action, esiquka izibophelelo ekufumaneni ekuboneni okuvulekileyo nokuluncedo ekuboneni ubumnini. Indlela ka-UK iquka iindlela zobuchule zobuchule bomsebenzisi zomsebenzi kunye neqela elinikezelo elisebenza ngoonogcino-lwazi ukuphucula ubunjani. Uhlolisiso lwangaphandle lubonise ukuba ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lusindise urhulumente we-UK oqikelelwa kwimali e-irandiweyo yezigidi eziqikelelwa kwimali yolawulo ezicuthiweyo ngonyaka.

Icala

Ikamva lokubonakala korhulumente liza kubandakanya ukudityaniswa okuphezulu kobugcisa obuhambe phambili kunye nogcino-lwazi olunenkcazelo ecacileyo. Izindululo ezifana nezithintelo kunye nobuchule bokungeniswa kolwazi zinokunyusa ukubonakala nokuphendulana ngeendlela ezininzi:

  • Isigodo se-injina ukwenzela iingxelo ezinokukhutshwa: Ibloko-mnqakamo zingenza ii-logs ezikhusela uphazamiso zentengiso karhulumente, ukusuka kwimiqathango yomhlaba ukunikezela ngezivumelwano zamatyathanga. Oku kunganciphisa amathuba okuqhatha kunye nokwandisa ukuthembana kwabemi ekuchaneni kweengxelo.
  • Ubuntlola obunokwenziwa ukwenzela uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi: I-AI inganceda oorhulumente bahlolisise ii-data ezinkulu zokufumana ii-omany, baxele iingozi zokonakala, kwaye bazenze abazenzekelayo ukukhululwa kogcino-lwazi. Noko ke, iinkqubo ze-IA ngokwazo mazibe zezona zikhanyayo ukuphepha i-algorithm.
  • [[NKQUBO: 0] ICIIzen Boontack Platforms: amaqonga amanani avumela abemi ukuba baxele iingxaki, iinkonzo zesantya, kunye negalelo kwiingxoxo zenkqubo ziya kuba nzulu ngakumbi, zidibanise ukubonakala ngokukhankanya nokuthatha inxaxheba ngqo.
  • [[UMTL:0]] Uhlolo lwexesha lokwenene loHlelo-Hlahlo loHlelo-mali: Inkqubela-phambili kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwemali inceda ukulandelelwa kwexesha lokwenene lenkcitho kawonke-wonke, ishukume ngaphaya kweengxelo zonyaka ukuya kwiibhodi ezinamandla ezihlaziyayo njengoko imali isetyenziswa.

Ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuzimela phandle kumaziko karhulumente kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuxhasa le migudu. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho kubasebenzi belizwe, ukuzinikela kokhokelo kumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nemithetho ekhusela ukubonakala kokungenelela kwezobupolitika zonke ziyimfuneko. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ngemibutho efana neOpen Government International Id Office iza kuqhubeka zisasaza ezona zenzo zilungileyo kwaye ityala loorhulumente kwizifungo zabo.

Isiphelo

Ukuchaza ukusebenza kwenyathelo lokubonisana likarhulumente kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba baphumeza iinjongo zabo zokuziphendulela, ukuthembeka, kunye nokufumana amandla obumi. Ngokubhekisa ingqalelo ekufikeleleni, ekucaceni, ekubopheni, nasekusebenziseni impembelelo – nangokusebenzisa uhlalutyo olunamandla kunye nolulungiselelweyo lwemeko-orhulumente; ukujonga iinjongo zemisebenzi noko kungaveliyo. Ukoyisa imingeni efana nokuxhathisa ukutshintsha, inkxaso-mali, kunye nokungakhathaleli kwabantu kufuna umgudu ozingisileyo kunye nokuthanda kwezobupolitika. Ukufunda kwimizekelo ephumelelayo ehlabathini lonke, ukusuka eNew York ukuya e-Estonia, kunika inkqubela phambili yexesha elizayo. Njengokuba ubugcisa bokubhexeka noko kulindelekile, ukubonakala kolawulo lwedemokhrasi, ukuphakama okufuna ukuxilonga nokutshintsha okuqhubekayo.