Ukuqonda Umlinganiselo Nenjongo Yoncedo Loluntu Lwamanye Amazwe

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe luquka ubuninzi obuninzi bokuthunyelwa koovimba, izinto eziphathekayo, ubugcisa, nabantu (ukusuka kumazwe anikelayo, iintlangano ezininzi, kunye nezinto ezingezozamagunya eeburhulumenteni kumazwe okanye abantu abathwaxwa yingxaki enkulu. Olu nxunguphe lungabangelwa ziintlekele zemvelo (oomhlaba, iimpuphuma, imbalela), izala), iimfazwe, iingxakeko zempilo kawonke-wonke, okanye ubuhlwempu obungapheliyo. Injongo ephambili kukusindisa ubomi, ukunciphisa ukubandezeleka, nokugcina isidima soluntu ngexesha nasemva kweengxaki. Uncedo lungahluzwa lunganikwa uncedo olubalulekileyo (ukutya okungxamisekileyo, amanzi, inkathalo, inkcitho, inkcitho yeza yonyango) kunye neenkqubela zokuphuhlisa inkqubela ezithe rhoqo, ngaphandle kokwenza ukwenziwa kwelahleko, ukunganyaniseka, okanye ukukhuthazwa koncedo oluthe cha.

Imida esesikweni yokulinganisa ubuchule boncedo

Ukugweba ukuba amanyathelo oncedo olusuka kwamanye amazwe ayaphumelela kusini na, abaqwalaseli baxhomekeke kwiseti yemiqathango enxulumeneyo. Le migaqo igqitha kwiziphumo ezilula (umz., iitoni zokutya okunikezelwayo) baze bahlolisise iziphumo ezinzulu, ezinentsingiselo engakumbi.

Impembelelo Kubemi

Umbuzo obalulekileyo ngowokuba ngaba uncedo luphucule intlalo-ntle yabantu ekwakucetyiswa ukuba bance. Impembelelo ilinganiswa ngemiqondiso efana nokuncipha kokufa nokugula, ukuphuculwa kwexabiso lesondlo, ukukhuliswa kwemali yemfundo, ukunyuswa kwemfundo yesikolo, ukwandisa amathuba okuziphilisa, kunye nokomeleza iinethi zokukhusela intlalo-ntle. Abaququli basebenzisa isiseko kunye nohlolo-mva, iingxelo zezempilo, kunye nokunika iziphumo zoluntu zokwazisa utshintsho olunxulumene noncedo. Umzekelo, iphulo lokugoma alilo nje inani labantwana abagonyezwayo kodwa ukuhla kweziphumo zezifo ezithintelekayo. Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kweziphumo ezithe ngqo (umz., ukuthutha imali kwenza iintsapho zithenge ukutya kunye neeziphumo ezingabuzileyo (g., inkqubela yentengiso).

Ubuchule nexabiso 93

Ubuchule bubonisa indlela igalelo elikumgangatho ophezulu (imali, abasebenzi, izibonelelo) eliguqulelwe ngayo kwiziphumo kunye neziphumo. Inkqubo enexabiso eliphantsi iphumeza iinjongo zayo ngokulahlwa okuncinane, ukuphepha i-boloat, ukwenziwa kwemibhobho ephezulu, okanye ukulibaziseka. Abaququzeleli bathelekisa iindleko zeyunithi kwii-octives ezifanayo (ngokomzekelo, ixabiso lomntu ngamnye ofikelelwa kwikliniki yempilo yenqwelo- mafutha kunye nekliniki emiselweyo. Ukunikezelwa kwemali ngexabiso: uncedo olusekelwe yimali ngokufuthi lubonakala luphumelela ngakumbi kunoncedo lwe-2461 (umz., ukuthuthwa koomatilo), njengoko kunciphisa iindleko zemali kunye nabamkeli bendlela yokukhetha iimfuno zabo. Noko ke, ubuchule bungazenziswe kwindleko yexabiso okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-e. Kodwa inkqubo elungileyo isenoku kungaphumeleli ukungaphumeleli ukungaphumeleli ukunceda abantu.

Ukulondolozwa Kweingenelo

Ugcino-lwazi luhlola ukuba iziphumo ezizizo ziyaqhubeka na emva kokuba umsebenzi woncedo ugqitywe. Ukukhulula okufutshane kuyimfuneko, kodwa ukuba uluntu aluxhobiswanga ukugcina iinkqubo zamanzi, iinkonzo zempilo, okanye inkqubela yezolimo, impumelelo ingaphela ngokukhawuleza. Abaququzeleli bakhangela ubungqina bobunikazi basekuhlaleni, ukuthunyelwa kwamandla, kunye nokudibana nenkqubo ebambekayo kunye nenkqubo yesizwe. Uqeqesho oluzinzileyo lwabasebenzi bezempilo basekuhlaleni, lusebenzisa izinto ezisemgangathweni, kwaye lusebenzisa izinto eziza kuqala zikarhulumente. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokondla isikolo exhomekeke ekutyeni okuvela kwamanye amazwe isenokuphela xa imali iphela, kanti omnye oxhasa abalimi basekuhlaleni kunye nomzali ofundisayo.[6] unomngcipheko ohlala ehleli.

Umanyano noxolelwaniso

Izithuba ezikhoyo zisoloko zizele ngabadlali abaninzi .N.Ii-UN, i-NGOS yezizwe ngezizwe, imibutho yasekuhlaleni, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente. Ukungalungelelani kakuhle kukhokelela kwizithuba (imimandla engagcinwanga) kunye nokuzalana (iimisebenzi ephindiweyo), ukudlala ubuncwane kunye nokudideka okudibeneyo. Ukusebenzisana okunempumelelo kubandakanya iimfuno, ucwangciso oludibeneyo, ukulungelelaniso oluqhelekileyo, kunye nemilinganiselo yokuxela ingxelo. I-United Nations Oofisi yokuquququzelela imicimbi yoluntu (OCHA) isenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuhlola, ukudibana kwemiqathango yolwano, ukuphindeka kwentlanganiso ze-internagragneat, nokungabikho kwengqungqungquthelana phakathi kwe-ngqungqungquthelana. Ukhuphiswano oluno oluno luqinisekisa ukuba lunganenenenenenenene .[FLT]

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwasekuhlaleni Nokuphendula

Imibutho echaphazelekayo yimeko enzima abamkeli abangasebenziyo; inolwazi olugxekayo ngeemfuno zabo, izinto eziza kuqala, kunye nendlela yokuhlangabezana nazo. Ukusebenzisa inxaxheba yasekuhlaleni kuthetha ukukhangela ukuba abangenelwayo bahlolwa kucwangciso, ukuzalisekiswa, nokujongwa kweenkqubo zoncedo. Iinkqubo zokuphendula. /complitt bhokisi, iintlanganiso zoluntu, iintlanganiso zoluntu, zenza abantu bavakalise izikhalo nezigqibo zokuphembelela. Iinkqubo ezibandakanya ngokukhutheleyo iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni, amaqela amabhinqa, kunye nabantu abaphantsi komgangatho ophantsi ziqhele ukuqwalasela kwaye zigcine imo-mouse. Inethwekhi yokufundisa nge-Acconsolence kunye ne-Macrence (ALPLAP)[FLD] inika ukhokelo oluphangaleleyo kulo mgaqo. [FLP:1]

Ixesha

Kwiimeko zobuntu, isantya sidla ngokumisela ukusebenza. Uncedo olulibazisayo lungathetha umahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa. Ubuchule bulinganiswa ukusuka kwixesha elinzima lenzeka xa uncedo lufikelela kubemi abachaphazelekayo. Noko ke, ixesha kufuneka lilinganiswe nobunzima-(aid) kufuneka ijonge eyona mfuneko zicinezelwe kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuhambisa iibhayisekile eziphezulu eziphezulu (eyenergy biscuit) ngexesha lengxaki yokutya enzima, ukuthumela iibhanti zobusika kwingi yenkanyamba yetropiki akunjalo. U Evaluators asebenzisa ulu qikelelo olukhawulezayo kunye nohlahlolo lwemarikelelwa kuqinisekisa uncedo olulungileyo lunikezelwe ngexesha elililo.

Iindlela kunye nemisebenzi yesakhelo yokuhlola

Uvavanyo lwe-Robustt lusebenzisa umxube wendlela zokulinganisa kunye ne-qualitive, ngokufuthi ekhokelwa ziseko ezimiselwe njenge [ECD_DAC] imiqathango ye- (ukubuyiselwa, ukuhambelana, ukusebenza, isiphumo, isiphumo, ukuxhasa). Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Iimvavanyo ezilawulwayo ezingakhethwanga (RCT): ezisetyenziswayo kuphuhliso lwemeko ukuthelekisa iziphumo phakathi konyango kunye namaqela okulawula. Ngelixesha zinzima, ii-RCT zinokuba luncedo kwizinto ezingxamisekileyo ezijikelezayo.
  • Quasilesixebpereri senkcazo: Umahluko [“iindawo ezidityanisiweyo(ii) okanye inqaku eliqhelekileyo elifanayo xa ithubelezo lingafikeleleki.
  • I-Mixedots zivavanywa: Ukuhlanganisa uhlolo lwasekhaya kunye neengxoxo zeqela elijolisekileyo, udliwano-ndlebe olungundoqo, kunye nohlolo lokufumana zombini izicwangciso zezibalo kunye namava aphilayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Uvavanyo lwexesha lokwenene ``````''''' luphathwa ngexesha lempendulo ukunikeza impendulo ekhawulezileyo yolungiso lwendlela, kunokuba linde de kube sekupheleni.
  • Uvavanyo lweParicipotali: Ukungenelwa njengee-compreverator, ezandisa ubumnini nokunika ingqiqo yangaphandle ingaphoswa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuvuna okufunyenweyo: Ubuchule obubonakalisa kwaye bungqine iinguqulelo kwihambo, ulwalamano, okanye iimeko ezinokuthi zibekwe ngokunokwenzeka kungenelelo.

Ukujongwa kwexesha elide kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo ezithe ngxi, apho impembelelo ingathatha iminyaka ukuvelisa izinto. Abaququzeli kufuneka balandele amaqela angaphandle eemeko zothuko, balungelelanise imithombo emininzi yogcino-lwazi. Ukwanda kogcino-lwazi olusemotweni oluhambayo lwe-preplane\ kunye noqokelelo lwenkcazelo yesatellite kuphucule ixesha kunye nokuchana kweliso kwiindawo ezikude okanye ezingakhuselekanga.

Ucelomngeni Olukhulu Ekupheliseni Uncedo Loluntu

Kwanaxa besebenzisa iindlela ezivakalayo, abahlalutyi bajamelana nemiqobo enzima enokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwezinto abazifumeneyo.

Iingxaki zokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kwiimeko zentlekele

Imfazwe esebenzayo, izibonelelo ezitshayelelweyo, kunye nokushenxiswa kwabantu kukwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqhuba uphando okanye ukunxibelelana nabaxhamli. Izithintelo zokhuseleko zinokusikelelwa abaqwalaseli, kwaye abaphendulayo basenokuhlukumezeka okanye bangathembani. Kwimimiselo emininzi, i-data yolawulo (iiirekhodi ze-okhesti, iibhulorho zesikolo) ayiphelelanga okanye ayithembekanga. Abaquququzeleli kufuneka baxhomekeke kwiiprojekthi zokuvota ezikhawulezayo, kunye nokuqiqaqa, kodwa ezi zingazisa iinguqu. Umzekelo, uncedo olusasazwa kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo lusenokubonakala luphumelela kuba lula ukuqokelela apho, ngoxa amaqela asezantsi engabonakali.

Inkcazo Nezinto Ezichaseneyo

Ukucinga oko bekuya kwenzeka ngaphandle koncedo (oluchasene nomthetho) kusoloko kungenakwenzeka kwiimeko ezinzima. Abadlali abaninzi abasebenza ngexesha elinye; imozulu, ingxabano, kunye namaxabiso emarike okutshintsha okungacinywanga. Ukuphucula koluntu kunokwenzeka ngenxa yoncedo, kutshintsho lwangaphandle, okanye ukumelana nobuchule babo. Abahlaziyi basebenzisa iimodeli zobuchule kunye nenkcazo yokuguqula indlela ezibonisa ukuchasana kwemijelo, kodwa ukunyuka kwemijelo kusenokuhlala kungucelomngeni oluqhubekayo.

Izixhobo Ezincinane Nezinento yokwenza

Abadlali abasebenza ngezakhono banezizathu ezinamandla zokuchaza iziphumo ezintle . "iimali yabo kunye nodumo lwabo luxhomekeke kuyo."Abaveli, nokuba bangaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, bangajamelana nengcinezelo yokuvelisa izinto ezifunyenweyo ezilungileyo. Ukungakhunjulwa komphicotho okuchaphazela abazukileyo: abantu bangazibalula iimfuno okanye umbulelo ngokuxhomekeke kwizithethe okanye kwiingenelo zexesha elizayo. Ukuvavanya iyunithi yokuzihlola ngokuzimeleyo kunye nemigangatho yokuxela ecacileyo (njenge [[FLT:] International Aid Icessificity [))) iyanceda ukuhlisa ezi mpawulo, kodwa abanako ukuziphelisa ngokupheleleyo.

Umqokoleli-mali oMfutshane weTerm

Inkoliso yemali enikelwayo yokunceda abantu ihlawulwe iinyanga ezili-12 okanye ngaphantsi, iqhutywa zizicelo zonyaka kunye noqingqo-mali lomnikeli. Olu hlalutyo lufutshane ludityaniswa ludiza ukutyala imali ekuxilongweni okunzima, okufuna ixesha elide kunye nobuncwane obugciniweyo. Iinkqubo zidla ngokuvavanywa kuphela ekupheleni, ziphoswe amathuba okulawula ingeniso elungelelanisiweyo. Abanikazi ababeka ixabiso lemali basenokungakuthandi ukuhlawula imali ephezulu, beyijonga njengesiphazamiso ekuncedeni ngokuthe ngqo. Isiphumo singumjikelezo wokusebenzisa iindlela ezingakhuthazi.

Iziphumo Ezingaqikelelwanga

Asizizo zonke iziphumo ezibalulekileyo ezibalwa lula. Isidima, amandla, ukudityaniswa kwentlalo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemiqobo ziinkalo ezibalulekileyo zentsabelo yoluntu, kodwa zixhathisa umlinganiselo olulula. Abathathi-nxaxheba baya basebenzisa amaqondo aqinisekisiweyo (umz., iPTSD List for contractive counter) kunye neendlela zokubala, kodwa ezi zifuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule benkcubeko. Ukuxhomekeka kwizalathiso ze-quantitimetity kungakhokelela “kukubona okungalinganiyo, apho iinkqubo zilungele oko kulinganiswayo kunoko.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Izifundo Ezivela Kuhlolisiso Lwehlabathi Lokwenene

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo ethile kubonisa indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo imilinganiselo ekuqheliseni nendlela ekunokuphuculwa ngayo.

Ukufuduka Kwemali Kwingxaki YaseSiriya

Isikali esikhulu esisikali esingenamqathango sifumane iinkqubo zokudluliswa kwemali eSyria namazwe angommelwane zivavanyiwe kakhulu. Ukufumanisa ukuba imali inika inzala elungelelanisa iimfuno zazo, ivuselela iimarike zasekuhlaleni, kwaye igcina isidima. Uhlolo olusuka kwi-World Food Programme lufumanise ukuba uncedo olusekelwe kwimali-mali ixabisa imali eninzi kunexabiso le-1901 lokusasazwa komphako wokutya kwaye ineziphumo ezintle zokuchitheka korhwebo kwingingqi. Noko ke, uqikelelo luphawulwe kwakhona luzicingela iingozi: ukunyuka, ukujolisa iimpazamo, kunye nokukhusela ukuphatha imali. Impendulo eguqulwayo iquka iinkonzo ezi-enzalise ingeniso ezifana nolawulo kunye noqeqesho lwemali.

Ukusabela KweEbola ENtshona Afrika

Isifo se-Ebola sonyaka wama-201416 eGuinea, eLiberia, naseSierra Leone satyhila iingozi zokuhamba kancinci, ukuqhubana okungalungelelaniyo. Uvavanyo lweengxelo ze- Intlangano yempilo yomhlaba wonke [ kunye neepali ezizimeleyo zabalaselisa ukuba uncedo lokuqala lunikezela nge-6driven (umz., ukuthutha izibhedlele zezithuthi zezithuthi) ngexesha eyona nto ingxamisekileyo yayikukubophelela nokuthemba u-666. Uvavanyo lwagxininisa ukuba iimpendulo ezisebenzayo zempilo zifuna unxulumano oluququququzelelweyo, unxibelelwano olucacileyo, kunye nenkxaso ethambileyo. Ezi zifundo zilandelayo zithatha igalelo: igalelo lokulungisa (uncedo lunikezelwa) lubaluleke njengeziphumo zokuhlola.

Uncedo Lokutya Kwimpondo YaseAfrika

Ingxaki yembalela e-Ethiopia, Somalia, neKenya iye yabangela amashumi eminyaka yoncedo lokutya. Uvavanyo lwe- I-Food ne-Agriculture Organization lubonise ukuba ngoxa uncedo lokutya lusindisa ubomi ngexesha elifutshane, alucombululeki kwezizathu ezisisiseko zokungakhuseleki ````````Inkqubo'''''', iimarike ezibuthathaka, kunye nokungaguquguquki kwemozulu'. Ungenelelo olusebenzayo ludibanisa uncedo lokutya noxhaso oluphathekayo oluxhasa ukuxhasa: ukusasa, ukuvunwa kwamanzi, kunye nokuphosa imfuno-ovation' ngoku kugxininisa imfuneko yokuba “uqeqesho loncedo lweblobhulo-. Iinkqubo ezinjalo kunzima ukuvavanya ngenxa yeziphumo zazo kwiminyaka emininzi, kodwa izifundo ezinde ze-651 zobuphindo zinika ubungqina bemali ezikhoyo.

Owona Mkhwa ulungileyo wokuphucula uhlolo loncedo loluntu

Ngenxa yokufumana ezi ngxaki nezifundo, iingqeqesho eziliqela ezifanelekileyo zinokukwenza uphumelele uhlolisiso lwexesha elizayo.

  • Uvavanyo olufakelweyo ukusuka ekuqaleni: Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ukwenzela ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi olusesisekoni, ukuyila izibonisi zokwenene, kwaye ukwakha iirhintyelo zempendulo kuzalisekiso lwenkqubo. Iiyunithi zovavanyo lwexesha le-2002 zinganika ukufunda okuqhubekayo.
  • Sebenzisa iindlela ezidityanisiweyo kunye nokudibanisa: Idata yolawulo, iikhadi zoshicilelo loluntu, kunye nodliwano-ndlebe oludityanisiweyo ukunqamleza izinto ezifunyenweyo kunye nokuthatha umahluko.
  • Lungisa indlela yokuziphatha kunye neendlela eziquka zonke: Ukufumana imvume yolwazi, ukukhusela imfihlelo yogcino-lwazi, kwaye ngokukhutheleyo kuquka amaqela agwetyelwe phantsi (abafazi, abantwana, abakhubazekileyo, amahlelo amancinane esizwe) kwinkqubo yokuhlola.
  • IFOster ezimeleyo ii-ofisi zovavanyo:[ Kwimibutho emikhulu yoncedo, yahlula umsebenzi wovavanyo kubaphathi benkqubo ukunciphisa inkxwaleko yomdla. Shicilela zonke iingxelo zohlolo, kwanaleyo ibonisa iziphumo ezidanisayo.
  • Ingeniso ekwisikhundla sophando sasekuhlaleni: Qeqesha abaphandi basekuhlaleni namalungu oluntu ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi nokuchaza oko kufunyanisiweyo. Oku kwakha ukulondolozwa nokubaluleka komongo.
  • Abaphathi abalungelelanisayo: Sebenzisa uvavanyo olufunyenweyo kungekuphela nje kwiingxelo zokuphendula kodwa ukulungisa iinkqubo ngexesha lokwenene. Izixhobo zemali ezinyibilikayo, njengemali eninzi ngonyaka, zinika ngobhetyebhetye, yenza oku kube lula.
  • Zibeke ngokwesiko izibonisi apho kunokwenzeka: Imetrics eziqhelekileyo (umz., imilinganiselo ye Handbook yengqula) ivumela uthelekiso kunqamleze umongo naxa ixesha lihamba, kodwa kufuneka zivumele uqhubekeko lwemeko.

Icala lexesha elizayo: Utshintsho lobuxhakaxhaka kunye nolawulo

Umzekelo, ukufunda umatshini kuyakwazi ukuhlalutya iingxelo zenkcazo yoluntu kunye neziphumo zolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo olungqongqo noluluncedo. Noko ke, ezi zixhobo ziphakamisa izinto zogcino-lwazi lwezobugcisa, umzobo wesatellite, kunye nobuchule bokuyila ikhompyutha obungasetyenziswayo zibangela ukuba zikwazi ukuqhuba ngokukhawuleza, ukubiza imali encinane, kunye nokuhlola okungaphezulu. Ubuchule bokusebenza kwezixhobo ziyakwazi ukuvavanya iingxelo zenkcitho-mali okanye ii-ofisi zezentlalo-luvo-luvo. Kodwa ezi ziphakamisa izinto ezinxulumene nenkxalabo yobuqu ezimele ziqwalaselwe ngolawulo olunamandla. Umgangatho ophakamileyo wenkqubo, i-Barnhang, isivumelwano esiphakathi kwemibutho kunye nemibutho yoncedo, kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa ukubonakala okungaphezulu, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe iimvo, kunye nokuxhaswa kwenkxaso koovimba-mathe-mayela ekuboneni kolwazi oluphezulu, kodwa kusenzeke kusenzeke inkqubela yemisebenzi, kunye nokwakhiwa kolwano, ukusetyenziswa kolawulo oluthe kwakhiwa koluntu, kunye nokusetyenziswa

Isiphelo

Ukuchaza ukusebenza koncedo loncedo lwamanye amazwe kuyinto entsonkothileyo kodwa ebalulekileyo. Ngaphandle kovavanyo olungqongqo, imigudu enzima ingasilela, ingabi nalwazi olufanelekileyo, iziphumo ezibuncinane, okanye kwanenze umonakalo. Imigaqo edweliswe(ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, ukuxhasa, ukudibana, ukuthatha ixesha, kunye nokusebenza (ukulungiselela) ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wayo womgwebo. Imigaqo nganye iveza imingeni yayo, ukusuka ekunqabeni kwe-data ekhoyo kwiimeko eziphikisanayo ukuya kubunzima bokuchaza iziphumo. Kodwa isenzo sokuvavanyazisa imikhosi yobuntu ukuba icace nzulu ngeengcamango zayo, ukutshintsha kwazo, ukuphulaphula iimeko zoluntu, nokuziqhelanisa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokuqokelela ubuchule bokulinganisa, ukuthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo, nokuvelisa ukubonakala, uluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba lungene iinjongo zayo ezihlala zihleli kumni, kwaye ziluncedo ezihlala ixesha, ezo zifuna ukunikezelana kakhulu.