Ukuhamba kwamanzi edolophini nokuvela kwesenzo sokulawula

Imimiselo yolondolozo lwamanzi ingummiselo osemthethweni owenziwa ngurhulumente kamasipala wokunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi phakathi kwabantu abahlala, abasebenzisa ezorhwebo, kunye nooshishino. Njengoko ubuncwane bamanzi acocekileyo bujongene nengcinezelo ekhulayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukwanda kwabemi, kunye nokwaluphala kwezakhiwo, izixeko kulo lonke ihlabathi ziye zabhenela kula manyathelo alawulayo njengesixhobo esiyintloko sogcino-manzi alondolozwayo. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zogcino-mthetho wokuzithandela, imigaqo ithwele amandla omthetho, ivelisa iimbopheleleko ezinyanzelisa iziphumo ezinokufezekisa impumelelo nezingaguquguquki.

EUnited States, ukwanda kwemijikelo yembalela ngezantsi kwentshona kunye namalungu eeNtlango eziPhezulu . kwaye ikhawulezisa ukwenziwa kwemithetho yokulondolozwa kwendalo enyanzelisayo. Iingingqi ezaziwajonga njengezinto ezininzi ngoku zijamelana nento yokwenene yokunikezelwa konikezelo oluthe shwankathela, ukuguqulwa kolawulo lwamanzi ukusuka kucelomngeni lobugcisa ukuya kunyanzelo lwezopolitiko nentlalo. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwemithetho yokulondoloza amanzi kufuna ukuqwalasela kucwangciso lwazo, ubuchule bokugcina imigaqo-mthetho, kunye nendlela yokuziphatha eziyivelisayo phakathi kwabantu.

Yintoni Ebangela Ukulondolozwa Kwamanzi?

Umthetho wolondolozo lwamanzi ngumthetho ogunyazisa izenzo ezithile okanye imiqathango ejolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Le mithetho iyahluka-hluka kakhulu kubungakanani kunye nemithetho elandelelanayo, kodwa ithetha ngeendawo ezininzi ezingundoqo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Imiyalelo eqhelekileyo iquka imiqathango yokunkcenkceshela ngaphandle, imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okungaqhelekanga kulwakhiwo olutsha, imiqathango yokungahoyi imigaqo efana nokusetyenziswa kwendlela ehambayo, kunye nezakhiwo ezithe tyaba ezithi zinyanzelele ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo. Eminye imithetho ifuna ukusetyenziswa konyango okanye amanzi angenazinjongo ezifanelekileyo zokuwasebenzisa kwezorhwebo nakushishino.

Igunya elingokwasemthethweni lale mithetho lidla ngokufumaneka kumandla amapolisa esixeko ukukhusela impilo kawonke-wonke, ukhuseleko, kunye nentlalo-ntle. Kumazwe amaninzi, imithetho yolondolozo lwamanzi isebenza ecaleni kweplani yokuphendula komgangatho wembalela yorhulumente kwaye ingabangelwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa imigangatho yethala lamaqula okanye iitheku zamanzi zamanzi zihla ngaphantsi kwemiqobo echaziweyo. Ukucacisiweyo kwale mithetho: imithetho echaza ngokucacileyo izenzo ezinqatyisiweyo, imida enyanzelwe ukunyanzelelwa, kwaye iquka imiqathango yesohlwayo ityekele ekuphumeleni imigaqo engcono kunendlela engacacanga okanye ulwimi olusetyenziswayo.

Imeko Yembali Nendaleko

Imimiselo yolondolozo lwamanzi asiyonto iqali ukusungulwa. Izixeko ezijongene neemeko zembalela ezimandundu ziye zamisela imiqathango yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngaphezu kwenkulungwane, kodwa indlela yale mihla yaqalwa ngexesha lembalela yaseKhalifoniya yee-1970 kwaye kamva yakhula ngexesha lembalela enzima yoMzantsintshona weminyaka yee- 2000. Eyinguqu zakutshanje kukumiswa kolondolozo njengendlela esisigxina kunokuphelo sexeshana. Ngoku izixeko ezininzi zigcina imithetho engonyaka wonke ethintela ukuntsalwa kwemihla ethile okanye amaxesha athile, kwanaxa kungekho ntlekele.

Ityala Lokuphinda Kufunyaniswe Amanzi KaMasipala

Uqikelelo olusemva kwemithetho yolondolozo lwamanzi luxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi zezoqoqosho nezemekobume. Okokuqala, ukuvelisa amanzi amatsha ngokususa ugcino, okanye ngokuthumela amanzi eenqanawa zokugcina indalo, okanye ukufudusa amanzi okude kubiza kakhulu kwaye kusoloko kuphazamisa imekobume. Ngokuchasene noko, ukulondolozwa, kuyinto esezantsi efunekayo ekufumaneni imfuneko yexesha elizayo. Okwesibini, iinkqubo zamanzi kwizixeko ezininzi zijongene nobunzima obufunekayo ekunciphiseni ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko ekulungiseni inkonzo ebudeni benyanga yehlobo. Okwesithathu, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunciphisa amandla afunekayo ekunyanzeleni unyango nokusasa, nto leyo enegalelo kusukelo lwemozulu ebanzi.

Imithetho yolondolozo lwamanzi kaMasipala ikwathetha ngengxaki yezenzo ezidityanisiweyo ezifumaneka kulawulo lwamanzi. Ngaphandle komthetho, abasebenzisi ngabanye abanaso intshukumisa incinane yokulondoloza ngenxa yokuba ixabiso lamanzi liphantsi kwaye iingenelo zolondolozo zisasazwa. I-odinances yenza umgangatho wokudlala ngokufuna bonke abasebenzisi ukuba bamkele iindlela zokulondoloza indalo, ngaloo ndlela ithintela ukusetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo nokuqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo wolondolozo usasazwe ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ibutho labantu.

Ukuphumelela ekuncipheni amanzi asedolophini

Uphando olungokwemichiza lubonise ukuba imithetho ecwangcisiweyo yokulondoloza amanzi ingavelisa unciphiso olumandla kusetyenziso lwamanzi asedolobheni. Uphando lwemeta-alysis lokuhlola iinkqubo zogcino-mthetho lukamasipala lufumanise ukuba izixeko ezisebenzisa imiqathango enyanzelisayo ziphumele unciphiso oluphakathi lwe 15 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini kwimfuno yamanzi ngexesha lembalela, kunye nezinye iindawo ezixelwayo ukuncitshiswa okungaphezulu kwama-35 ekhulwini. Ezi ziphumo azipheleli kwiimeko zembalelane; amadolobha anemithetho esezantsi esisiseko yonyaka zigcina amanqanaba aphantsi asetyenziswayo xa kuthelekiswa noluntu olunjalo ngaphandle kwemiqatha.

Iziphumo eziphawulekayo zenzeka xa imithetho ijolise ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi ngaphandle, nto leyo edla ngokusetyenziswa ngamashumi amahlanu ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini eepesenti zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiindawo ezingumqwebedu nezingatyiwanga. Imiqathango yokuntywiliselwa komthi, ingakumbi, ingqine isebenza kakuhle kuba ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kulula kakhulu kunokusetyenziswa ngaphakathi: abantu bangawunyamezela umthi omdaka ngokulula kunaleyo banokuwuyeka umgangatho osisiseko wogutyulo kunye nokusela amanzi afunekayo. Umzekelo, izixeko ezilinganisela ukudiliselwa ngaphandle kwethanga kuba ntsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngeveki zisoloko zibona ukuthoba ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziselwa kwemibutho elinamalungu alishumi ukuya kwishumi lepesenti.

Oko Idata Ikubonisayo Ngempembelelo Yexesha Elide

Uphando olude lokulandelela amanzi asetyenziswa kwiminyaka emininzi lutyhila ukuba ukuphumelela kwemithetho kusoloko kuqhubeka emva kokuphunyezwa kokuqala, nangona iziphumo ezitsha zenzeka xa iintsapho zilungisa. Uphando olubalulekileyo lwemilinganiselo yokulondoloza amanzi kwingingqi yedolo-dolophu laseDenver lufumanise ukuba iintsapho eziphantsi kwemiqathango esisigxina yokunkcenkcenkceshela zaqhubeka zisebenzisa amanzi angaphantsi kwe18 ukuya kuma-22% kunamanzi angenamiqathango kuneentsapho ezingathintelwanga ncam emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba kumiselwe imithetho. Oku kucebisa ukuba imithetho ingenza iinguqulelo ezihlala ixesha elide, ingakumbi xa idityaniswe nemfundo kunye nokungangeni kwemithetho yokulondoloza indalo.

Noko ke, ukusebenza ngempumelelo okusekelwe kwisiseko somthetho. Iinkqubo ezinegalelo kakhulu ziquka iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa izithintelo ezisebenzisa ubuchule obukhoyo ngaphandle, kunye nemiqondiso yamaxabiso evuza ugcino-lwazi. Iindlela ezisetyenziswayo zokonganye, ezifana nokuthembela kwimfundo kawonke wonke ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa, ngokungaguqukiyo ngaphantsi kolawulo olunxulumene nomgaqo-siseko. Ukongezeleleka komongo wamanzi esizwe asebenzisa izicwangciso kunye nogcino-mthetho, ucwangciso lwe-EPA Watersensenses lwenkqubo ebanzi yokusebenzisa amanzi okuwasebenzisa ngobuchule kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza.

Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Eziphembelela Impumelelo Yendalo

Impumelelo yomthetho wolondolozo lwamanzi ixhomekeke kwiqela leemeko ezidlulela ngaphaya kombhalo womthetho ngokwawo. Ukuqonda ezi inguqulelo kubalulekile kubenzi bomthetho abafuna ukwenza iinkqubo ezisebenzayo nakubemi abafuna ukuvavanya indlela abaphila ngayo abantu.

Ubungqina bukarhulumente kunye nokusetyenziswa koluntu

Ufikelelo lwemfundo sisiseko esakhiwe kuso imithetho ephumelelayo. Abahlali abaqonda izizathu zothintelo lwamanzi, kwaye abafumana ukhokelo olucacileyo, olusebenzisekayo ngendlela yokuthobela, -- basengozini kakhulu yokuthobela imithetho ngokuzithandela. Amaphulo oluntu okuphaphela anempumelelo asebenzisa ijelo elininzi: iposi engqalileyo, i-media yoluntu, iziseko zentelekelelo, amaqumrhu oonondaba basekuhlaleni, kunye neziganeko zoluntu.

Izixeko ezingenisa ugcino-lwazi lwemfundo yamanzi zidla ngokubona unyuko lwexabiso lokuthobela kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ezinika uncedo lwamanzi olukhululekileyo kunye neengxelo zokusetyenziswa kwabantu zibonise ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi nge 5 ukuya kwi 10 ekhulwini ngaphezu kweziphumo zemithetho kuphela. [ Intlangano yamanzi aseMerika eZiko loMsebenzi [ inikela ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha kwizenzo ezingcono zomanyano lukawonke wonke ekulondolozweni kwamanzi.

Ukhuthuzo nomatshini abasetyenziswayo

Umthetho womthetho womelele nje njengesixhobo sawo sokusebenza. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zidibanisa ubugcisa bokuhlola obuzenzekelayo, obufana neemitha ezikrelekrele ezibona indlela yokusetyenziswa komsebenzi ongaqhelekanga, kunye nezibonelelo zesohlwayo ezinyukayo ukusuka kwizilumkiso ukuya kwintengo, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, imiqathango yenkonzo. Ukungaguquguquki nokubonakala kakuhle kokusebenza kuyingozi: xa ukuphulwa kwemithetho kuqwalaselwa njengongabohlwaywayo okanye xa ukunyanzeliswa kuqwalaselwa, kukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ezinye izixeko zimisele iindlela zokunyanzelisa abantu, kuquka iinkqubo zokuzibika apho abemi basekuhlaleni benokuxela khona ukwaphulwa kwabamelwane ngokungaziwayo, kunye nokuthunyelelwa koonontlalo-ntle okuthelekisa amanzi asetyenziswa kwi-avareji yengingqi. Oku kuvavanya ingcinezelo yoontanga ngaphandle kokufuna ukunyanzeliswa okusemthethweni, ngokufuthi kuvelisa amaqondo okuthobela alingana nalawo aphunyezwe ngezohlwayo zemali.

Izizathu Zezoqoqosho Nezokungakhuthazi

Imiqondiso yexabiso idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni imimiselo yomthetho. Izibonelelo zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo ezinyusa ixabiso leyunithi nganye kumlinganiselo wosetyenziso oluphezulu zidala intshukumisa enamandla yemali yokulondolozwa kwezixhobo zamanzi. Xa zidityaniswe neenkqubo ze-ratee esebenzayo, abalawuli abanobuchule bokunkcenkcenkceshela, kunye nokulungisa ibala lendalo, ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngokunempumelelo zingenza utshintsho oluphawulekayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ixabiso lokunwebeka kwexabiso lokufuna amanzi kwindawo yokuhlala ukusuka ku -0.2 ukuya ku -0.6, okuthetha ukuba ixabiso elingu-10 ekhulwini lokwandisa okuqhelekileyo okusetyenziswa yingxaki yokunkcitha ngeminxeko yeminxeke.

Ngoko, ulwandiso lwezicwangciso kufuneka lwazise udweliso lwesantya. Izindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi zingajamelana nobunzima phantsi kwemigangatho entluntlukwano, ingakumbi ukuba zihlala kwizindlu ezindala ezinezinto ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Izixeko ezininzi zithetha ngale ngxaki ngeenkqubo zoncedo ezinika iiretrofikhi ezikhululekileyo, iityala zemali, okanye izibonelelo zemali ezikhuselwe kwixabiso lengeniso ezikhusela amanqanaba okusebenzisa izinto eziyimfuneko.

Imozulu nemeko yommandla

Iimeko zemozulu zasekuhlaleni zinempembelelo enamandla kwimithetho esebenzayo. Abahlali kwimimandla enee-prine ezingapheliyo, apho ukunqongophala kwamanzi kuyinto ekhoyo engapheliyo, batyekele ekufumaneni ukuthobela okuphezulu nokuncitshiswa kakhulu kunezo zikwimimandla etyebileyo ebeka imiqathango yexeshana ngexesha lokoma. Umthetho ocingelwayo wokulondoloza indalo uphezulu kwiindawo apho abemi abanamava athe ngqo ekunqongopheleni kwamanzi, nto leyo ebenza bakulungele ngakumbi ukwamkela izithintelo ezilawulayo.

Ucelomngeni Nokusikelwa Kwendlela Elinganiselweyo Yokulondoloza Amanzi

Nangona zibonakala zisebenza, imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi ayiyonto iluncedo. Ukuqwalasela ngokufanelekileyo ukulinganiselwa kwazo kuyimfuneko ekwenzeni inkqubo yokwenene kunye nokulindela iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga.

Impembelelo Elinganayo Neyokusasaza

Enye yezingxinano ezizingisileyo zogcino-manzi zizinto ezinokusetyenziswa ngokungenakulinganiswa kwizindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi. Abemi abafumana imali ephantsi bayakwazi ukuhlala kwizakhiwo ezindala ezinemibhobho engasebenziyo nezixhobo, bekwenza kube nzima ukufikelela unciphiso olufanayo kwizindlu ezifumileyo ezinokuhlawula unyuso. Ngaphezu koko, inkcitho ebekelweyo yenkonzo yamanzi ihlala ihleli nakanjani na, intsingiselo encitshisiweyo yemali ingandisa umthwalo wemali kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi ukuba izixhobo zezixhobo zinyusa ixabiso lokuhlawulela iimpahla zesakhiwo.

Imithetho eqhubekekayo ithetha ngezi ngxalabo zithe ngxi ngeenkqubo zoncedo ezijoliswe kuzo, ukutyibilika kwesantya esityibilikayo, kunye neenkqubo zegalelo loluntu eziqinisekisa ukuba amazwi abantu ababuthathaka avakala ekuyilweni kwenkqubo. Ukungahoyi imiba engekho mthethweni akuyongozi nje kuphela kuluntu olungenamali kodwa kungaphelisa inkxaso yezopolitiko kwiinkqubo zokulondoloza ixesha elide.

Ukuchasa Kwezobupolitika Neengxaki Zokuphelisa Ingxaki

Imithetho yolondolozo lwamanzi ingajamelana nenkcaso ebalulekileyo yezopolitiko, ingakumbi kuluntu olunamalungelo aqinileyo empahla okanye oluthandabuzayo kumthetho karhulumente. Inkcaso idla ngokubhekisele kwinkxalabo yezobugxwayiba-atho-zi-"abanini-khaya bangamelana nemiqathango yokuntywiliselwa komthetho ngenxa yokuba baxabisa uhlaza oluluhlaza / okanye iimpikiswano zezoqoqosho ezithi imiqathango yezoqoqosho iyonakalisa ulungiso kunye nokulondolozwa kwezixhobo. Ubuchule obunempembelelo yezobupolitika bubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwamaqela ebume bemekobume, abameli bezoshishinoshishino, iinkokeli bezoshishino, kunye nemibutho yoluntu ukuvelisa inkxaso ebanzi yemigaqo yokulondolo.

Iindleko zonyanzelo kunye nobuchule bolawulo

Ukuhlola ukuthotyelwa nokusetyenziswa kwemiqathango kufuna ukuba ezinye izixeko ziswele oovimba bolawulo, ingakumbi oomasipala abancinane nabasebenzi abancinane. Ixabiso lokunyanzelisa ukugcinwa komthetho linokuba likhulu: abaphathi-mikhosi abaqesha amanzi, ukuthenga i-software yogcino-lwazi, ukukhutshwa kolwano, kunye nokukhutshwa koomatshini abalawulayo, kunye nokubongoza bonke abasebenzi ukuba basebenzise uqingqo-mali. Izixeko kufuneka zilinganisele iindleko ezikhoyo, ziqonde ukuba ukugcinwa komsebenzi oqhubekayo kunokuba kube yimali yexesha elinye.

Ubuchule kunye nothintelo lwendlela yokuziphatha

Kwaneyona mimiselo ingqongqo ayinakunyanzela abemi ukuba bamkele ukuziphatha okufuna ugcino lwemali okanye utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindlela yokuphila. Indlu engakwaziyo ukuthenga umatshini wokuhlamba oluncedo kakhulu isenokungakwazi ukuhlangabezana noomatshini abasetyenziswayo, kungakhathaliseki isohlwayo esibandakanyekileyo. Ngokufanayo, izithethe ezikufutshane nokulungisa izakhiwo nokulungisa indalo zijule kakhulu kwaye azikwazi ukutshintsha ngomthetho kuphela. Imithetho esebenzayo iyayiqonda le miqathango kunye neemiyalelo ezixhaswayo ezinciphisa imiqobo yokuthobela.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Izixeko Ezibonisa Ukuphumelela

Ukuhlolisisa iinkqubo zikamasipala ezithile kusenza siyiqonde kakuhle indlela imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi esebenza ngayo nendlela enokuphunyezwa ngayo nemiphumo.

ILos Angeles, eKhalifoniya

ILos Angeles iye yasebenzisa eminye yeyona mithetho inamandla yokulondoloza amanzi eUnited States, ingakumbi ngenxa yeemeko zembalela ezimandundu phakathi ko-2012 no-2016. Umthetho wesixeko uquka imiqathango ejikelezayo engonyaka ekuntywilisweni ngaphandle, ukusetyenziswa komqathango wamanzi ngokutsha kwizicelo ezithile zentengiso, kunye nenkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ye-babate yogcino-manzi kunye nee-ongidi ezisebenzayo. Phakathi ko-2014 no-2019, iLos Angeles icuthe ngamanzi asetyenziswa phantse ngama-23 ekhulwini, kwanangendlela yokudityaniswa kwabemi besixeko. Impumelelo ibangelwa kukudityaniswa komthetho othile omeleleyo, ugcino-mfundo kawonke, kunye nezikhuthazo zemali ezingundoqo ezibangela umdla ngokwezoqoqosho.

Las Vegas, Nevada

ILas Vegas Valley District isebenza phantsi komnye weyona mithetho yokulondoloza amanzi ebanzi yelizwe, kuquka ukuvalwa kotyani kwiimitha ezintsha zokuhlala kunye nokusikelwa okungqongqo kweempawu zamanzi ezinjengemithombo. Lo mmandla uphumele iziphumo eziphawulekayo: ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kumntu ngamnye kuye kwehla nge-35% ephesenti ukususela ngowama-2002, nangona inani labantu lininzi. Okona kubalulekileyo kule mpumelelo kukulungiselela kolawulo olunonyanzelo lwesithili, okuquka ukujikeleza okunikezelwa kwenkunkuma yamanzi okuphuma unyaka-wonke, kunye nesakhiwo sesantya esithe kratya esibiza abasebenzisi bevolume kakhulu ngelitha.

ISan Antonio, eTexas

Inkqubo yolondolozo lwamanzi yeSan Antonio ibonisa ukuba inokwenzeka yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ixesha elide, umgaqo ongaguqukiyo. Umthetho wesixeko, othi uquke imiqathango esisigxina yokunkcenkceshela, ufako lwezimvo zemvula oluyimfuneko kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zokunkcenkceshela, kunye nesakhiwo sokulondoloza iprojekthi. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, iSan Antonio inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngamanzi ngecala ngesantya esingaphezulu kwama-40 ekhulwini, ukuphumelela okuqhubekayo okuthi kucacinywe rhoqo njengomzekelo wesizwe. Umatshini wenkqubo ye-Manziwamanzi u-Antonian Antonio unika ubuncwane obuninzi kwiinkqubo zayo zokulondolo lwendlela zokulungisa ezinye izikolo ezifuna ukuphumelela.

Owona mkhwa ulungileyo wokuyila ugcino-manzi olunempumelelo

Ngenxa yobungqina obufumaneka kwiinkqubo eziphumelelayo nakwizifundo ezifundwa kwezona zingaphumeleliyo, kuye kwavela iindlela ezininzi ezifanelekileyo zokuba oomasipala bafune ukuthobela okanye bomeleze imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi.

  • Beka amaxhoba anokuthe ngqo. unxulumano oluqhelekileyo lokulondolozwa alusebenzi kakhulu kunemithetho echaza ucwangciso lokunkcenkceshela okuthe ngqo, iiyure ezivunyelweyo, kunye nemida yamanani ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi umntu ngamnye okanye kwindlu nganye.
  • I-[[FULT:0] igunyazisa ikhontene neenkqubo ezixhasayo. i-Rebate, uphicotho-zincwadi lwasimahla, kunye noncedo lobugcisa lunciphisa umthwalo kubemi kunye nokwandisa isantya sokuthobela.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ingenelo lokugada kunye nobugcisa bokunyanzelisa. Iimitha zoMcu, uhlolo olusekelwe kwisatellite, kunye neenkqubo zokuphaphamisa ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa iindleko zokunyanzelisa nokuphucula umgangatho wokulunga.
  • Ukunika uluntu uphuhliso lwenkqubo. iinkqubo zolwazi oluluvo lukawonke-wonke eziquka abafaki-tyala abahlukeneyo bakha ukuthenga kwezobupolitika kwaye bavelise iziphumo ezilinganayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Phase kwimfuno ngokuthe ngcembe. Ivumela ixesha lokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha kunye nobugcisa bobugcisa kunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwaye kwenza iintsapho zikwazi ukucwangcisa ukuthobela.
  • Ukulondolozwa kwamanzi kunye nemozulu ebanzi kunye neenjongo ezizinzileyo. Ukuxhobisa amanzi asetyenziswayo ekunciphiseni ukunciphisa njengenxalenye yecebo elibanzi lokusingqongileyo komeleza ukusetyenziswa komgaqo wokubuyisela ulawulo.
  • Amasiko abhaliweyo asekelwe kugcino-lwazi kwixesha elidlulileyo. uvavanyo oluthe rhoqo lwenkqubo yeziphumo zivumela izixeko ukuba zicombulule amalungiselelo zize zisabele kwiimeko ezitshintshayo.

Ikamva Lomgaqo - siseko Wokulondoloza Amanzi

Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu lusanda ugcino-mali olufumaneka ngamanzi afumaneka ngamanzi kunye nokwanda kwabemi, indima yemithetho yokulondoloza amanzi izakukhula kunokuba ivumelwane. Iinkqubo eziliqela eziqhambukayo zilolonga utshintsho lwenkqubo yamanzi kamasipala. Okokuqala, ukudityaniswa kogcino-lwazi oluhambele phambili kwimisebenzi yamanzi kubangela ukuba ukujongana okuntsonkothileyo okuntsonkothileyo kunye nolondolozo lobuqu. Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa kogcino-mali lwamanzi kunye nobugcisa bokusebenzisa amanzi ombane kudala amathuba amatsha okugunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ampumfa nokuvunwa kwamanzi amanzi. Okwesithathu, ukukhula kweziganeko zembalela amanzi kunyanzelisa izixeko ukuba zifumane amanyathelo anzima okulondoloza indalo kuxhomeke kumaxesha kaxakeka.

Umhlaba osemthethweni nolungelelwaniso uyakwazi ukujikeleza. Amanye amaphondo aqalisa ukugunyazisa ukuba izixeko zamkele imithetho yolondolozo njengemeko yokwamkela imali yamanzi karhulumente okanye njengemfuneko phantsi kolawulo lwamanzi lwengingqi. Ezi ngcinezelo ziphezulu zinokukhawulezisa ukusasazeka kweenkqubo zolondolozo lukamasipala, kwanakwimimandla apho inkxaso yezopolitiko yasekuhlaleni ibibuthathaka ngokwembali.

Imithetho yolondolozo lwamanzi imela enye yezona zixhobo zinamandla ezikhoyo emadolophini ukulawula ukufunwa nokuqinisekiswa koncedo lwamanzi olude. Ukusebenza kwazo kubhalwe kakuhle xa imimiselo yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, inyanzeliswa kakuhle, kwaye ixhaswe zizinto ezinika intshukumisa ezifanelekileyo zikawonke-wonke kunye nezemali. Ubungqina obuvela ezixekweni eziye zaxhasa iinkqubo zokulondolozwa kweemeko zendalo kangangamashumi eminyaka bubonisa ukuba iindlela zokuzinzisa zingenza ukunciphisa amanzi asetyenziswe, zincede abantu baziqhelanise nekamva apho ukunqongophala kwamanzi kuya kuba lucelomngeni olungakumbi. Kubaphathi bamanzi basedolophilini kunye nabaquququzeli bemithetho, umbuzo awusasebenzi na xa kusetyenziswa ngendlela elungeleyo, elungeleyo, kwaye ilungele ukumelana nokungqinelana kobuso bobume bemozulu obungaqinisekiyo.