Iinkqubo zomthetho ezisekelwe kuluntu eziye zasuka kwinyathelo eliphambili lokusebenza ngokusemthethweni ukuya kutsho kwisiseko esisembindini sobuchule bokhuseleko lwesizwe ehlabathini lonke. Ezi nkqubo zigxininisa kwingcamango yokuba uluntu lwasekuhlaleni alungomgca wokuqala nje kuphela wokuzikhusela kwiingxelo zezobugrogrisi kodwa lukwangumyalezo othembekileyo wokuziphikisa. Ngokususa ingqwalaselo kumthetho onyanzelisayo nje kuphela, ezi zinyathelo zokuphazamisa uphatho lwemibhobhobho okhoyo ngaphambi kokuba lufikelele kugonyamelo. Kodwa, impumelelo yabo ayingombandela wengxoxo phakathi kwabenzi bezomthetho, abaphandi, nabasebenzi bezonyango. Ngaba ngokwenene basebenza? Ziziphi iimeko ezibenza baphumelele okanye bangaphumeleli? Eli nqaku lihlola ukuqinisekisa ukubhalisa, ubuchule bokusebenza, ubungqina obuqhubekayo, kunye nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo loluntu oluchasanayo, ukuzoba iingxelo ze-Riphabliki, ukuzoba iingxelo ze-United States, kunye neengxelo ze-United States.

Ukuchaza ubuphekula obusekelwe kuluntu

I-CBCT esekelwe kuluntu ibhekisela kwiseti yongenelelo lokukhusela imimandla exhomekeke kunxulumano phakathi kwamaqumrhu okhuseleko karhulumente kunye nabadlali basekuhlaleni ``iinkokeli zonqulo, abafundisi, abasebenzi bentlalo-ntle, kunye neentlangano zoluntu-okanye) ukuchaza nokuthetha nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanogonyamelo. Ngokungafaniyo namanyathelo angokwesithethe agxininisa ukujongwa, ukuvalelwa, kunye nomkhosi, iCBCT ibeka iliso kulwakhiwo lwentembelo, ungenelelo lokuqala, kunye nolwamkelo lwentlalo. Ingcamango engundoqo ikukuba iqhubekeka kwiindawo apho abantu bavakalelwa zobugqeqeba, abahlukanisiweyo, okanye abadityaniweyo, kwaye ulwalamano lwasekuhlaleni lunganika inkxaso efunekayo ukuze bakhuphe inkxaso kubantu abachaphazelekileyo kwiindlela ezingekho ngqiqweqweni.

Ezi nkqubo zisebenza kumgangatho ophezulu webutho labantu, zidibanisa iinkqubo zokhuseleko lomgangatho wemacro kunye namava omgangatho omncinane omntu ngamnye. Acetyelwanga ukutshintsha imisebenzi edityanisiweyo yobulumko okanye imisebenzi yokugcinwa komthetho kodwa ukuyongeza ngokujongana nengcambu ezenza ukuba kubekho umdla ogqithisileyo. Imigaqo engundoqo iquka ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokuzithandela, ubunikazi, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwenkcubeko. Xa le migaqo ixhaswa, iCBCT ingakhuthaza intsebenziswano esemthethweni; xa ityeshelwa, iinkqubo zibeka umngcipheko wokuphambuka kwamaqela ajongela kuzo ukukhusela.

Isiseko

Ingcamango yokubonakalisa ubukho boluntu kunye neqela elinamandla

Ukwenziwa rhabaxa kubandakanya inkqubo yengqondo apho abantu belwamkela iinjongo neenkolelo zeqela elilwayo ukuze bafeze iimfuno zobuntu. Ingcamango yoluntu icebisa ukuba abantu bazifumana ngokwabo ngokwabo besuka ekubeni ngamaqela abawajonga njengaphezulu. Amaqela akhuphisanayo asebenzisa oku ngokunika iintambo ezicacileyo thina-eversus. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu ziphikisana noku ngokuqinisa elinye iqela le-MFreance / ukusekela ubumi obabelwaneyo, ukholo, okanye indawo ekwayantlukwano kunokuba iphelele. Umzekelo, incoko yocalulo kunye nemisebenzi yezentengiso zinceda ukwakha izibophe ezinciphisa isikhundla sesikhundla sesithazo samahlelo.

Iimodeli zepoli ezikhuthazayo zoLuntu

Amanyathelo amaninzi eCBCT aboleka kumsebenzi wobupolisa, ogxininisa ukucombulula ingxaki phakathi kwamapolisa noluntu. Uqikelelo lucacile: ukuba abemi balapho bayawuthemba umthetho onyanzelekile, babonakala benobungqina obubonisa ukuba abantu ababonisa iimpawu zokubekwa phambili. Ukholo lwakhiwa ngoqhakamshelwano oluthe rhoqo, olungelunyanzelisi, olubonisa ukuba uphando olusuka ku- uRound Corporand [ lubonisa ukuba amapolisa asekuhlaleni angakhulisa ulwabelano ngaphandle kokunciphisa inkululeko yasekuhlaleni, ukuba akhusele ukhuseleko lwezikhokelo olucacileyo.

Impilo Kawonke-wonke Nenzululwazi Yokukhusela

Iqumrhu elikhulayo lemibutho ehamba-hambele phambili yomsebenzi njengengxelo yempilo kawonke-wonke, i-CBCT ekhusela izifo ezasulelayo. Lo mzekelo uchaza oothunywashe bomngcipheko (umz., ukuchanabeka kwinkcazelo egqithisileyo, izikhalazo zobuqu, izikhalazo zobuqu, ukhuseleko loluntu, intsebenziswano oluqinileyo, intlalo-ntle yoluntu, uphawu olukhuthazayo). Le nkqubo yeCBCCT ngoko isebenzisa ungenelelo olunezalathiso: jikelele (amaphulo okuqonda), abakhethi (inkxaso ephambili kwiqela lamaqela), kwaye ibonise (ukucebisa abantu ababonisa imiqondiso egqithisileyo). Oku kunciphisa ukuhlazeka kwesidima kwaye kukhuthaza ukufuna uncedo lwangaphambili.

Iindlela zokuhamba nokufikelela

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu noMngeni

Ukuganana okunempumelelo kufuna okungaphezulu kuneeholo zedolophu ezimathub ’ anjalo. Kubandakanya incoko eqhubekayo neenkokeli zoluntu, abasebenzi abaselula, kunye nabantu bonqulo abanempembelelo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-UK Unqanda ubudlelane basekuhlaleni [ ukuhlanganisa amapolisa, amagunya asekuhlaleni, kunye nemibutho yokuzithandela ukuyila ungenelelo olulungiselelweyo. Ukukhutshwa kweminyango ukuya kwindlu, iziganeko zoluntu, kunye nezinto ezifanelekileyo ezichaza indlela yokunyusa imicimbi ngaphandle koloyiko.

Iphulo lemfundo nelokulumkisa

La maphulo ajolise ekuchaseni abantu abachasa iingxelo ezigqithisileyo. Bangathatha uhlobo lwezifundo zesikolo ezisekelwe ekucingisiseni okugxekayo, ekufundeni amanani, nasekunyamezeleni. Umzekelo, i- i-Cities Network Network [ iqhuba imiboniso efundisa abantu abaselula indlela yokuqonda nokugatya. Imigudu yokubona izinto ikwahlasela abazali nabafundisi, ibanika imiqondiso yokukhangela nokufuna uncedo.

Imiyalezo Echaseneyo

Kunokuba ilahle ngokuthe ngqo ingcamango egqithisileyo eyingozi . ngokungaziyo inokuyandisa. /CBCT idla ngokukhuthaza amabali akhuthaza ezinye iingcamango. Abakhe basinda kuhlaselo lwabanqolobi, kwaye imizekelo yemizekelo yoluntu yabelana ngamava abo ngeevidiyo, ngentlalo-ntle, kunye nokuthetha esidlangalaleni. Oku kwenza ukuba umyalezo ube ngumntu kwaye kunike iingcebiso ezinokuthenjwa. A Against Extremism (AVLT) uthungelwano lungumzekelo obalulekileyo wokusebenzisa amazwi anjalo.

Ukungenela Nokuqhatha Kwangaphambili

Ukufanisa abantu bakuqala benqanaba lotshintsho yinto elula. Iinkqubo ezifana nenkqubo yeChannel ku-UK zisebenzisa iindawo ezininzi zokuhlola nokuyila iinkxaso zobuqu. Inkxaso ingaquka ukucebisa, ukucebisa ngengqondo, ukuqeqesha umsebenzi, okanye ukuvavanya kwentsapho. Uvavanyo lwa 2019 lufumanise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kwesiqhagamshelanisi babe phantse kakhulu ukuba bangenele kwimisebenzi egqithisileyo xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo olunento efanayo, nangona inkxaso isenokuba incinane.

Ukwakha ngokufanelekileyo kwemibutho yasekuhlaleni

Imibutho emininzi yoluntu ayinabo oovimba okanye ubuchule bokuthetha ngokunempumelelo. Iinkqubo ze-CBCT zinika uqeqesho, inkxaso-mali, kunye noncedo lobugcisa ukuze zomeleze ubuchule bayo bokuzisa imisebenzi yokuthintela. Oku kungaquka imisebenzi yokusebenza kwizisombululo zongquzulwano, inkathalo yophazamiso, okanye ukujongana nekhompyutha. I-ofisi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ye-Counter-Trorrism[ ivene isixhobo sokunceda amaqela asekuhlaleni asebenze kwimimiselo esezantsi.

Ubungqina Obunokuthanani Nokuphumelela

Uhlolisiso Olunemiphumo Efanelekileyo

Uhlolo olulungelelanisiweyo olupapashwe ku Presences kwi-ortheism lwahlalutya uphando lweenkqubo zeCBCT kumazwe ali-12. Lwafumana ubungqina obulungeleleneyo bokuba ezi zindululo zincitshisiweyo zokwenza inkqubela phambili, ezifana nokubonakaliswa kwenkxaso yogonyamelo kunye nokuvuma ukubandakanyeka kwamaqela agabadelayo. Olona cwangciso lunempumelelo ludibanise iingcinga ezininzi (ungeniso, imfundo, kunye nenkxaso) kwaye zagxininiswa kwizixhobo zoncedo lwentlalo ezikhoyo. Abo bagxininisa ngokubhekiselele ekujongeni okanye ukunika ingxelo yokukhuthaza ukungathembana nokungathembananzi koluntu.

EKhanada, iCentre yeNkxaso yokuthintela uPhambili Ukukhokelelwa kobuGqirha (CPRLV) eMontreal ixele ukudityaniswa okufanelekileyo: ngaphezulu kwama-60% abaphathi-nxaxheba abasuka kumalungu oluntu bakhokelela kumatyala ongenelelo, kwaye i-87% yabaxhasi yagqiba inkqubo ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi eyingozi. Uvavanyo oluzimeleyo lweSebe loKhuseleko lukawonke-wonke [[ luqinisekisa ukuba ukufikelela koluntu kunciphiselwano lwamapolisa kwimisebenzi enzima yokhuseleko ngexa begcina iziphumo.

Ucelomngeni Lomlinganiselo

Ngaphandle kwale miqondiso ikhuthazayo, uvavanyo olungqongqo luhlala lunzima. Ukubekwa ngezantsi yimeko esezantsi-esezantsi", ezininzi kubantu abangazenziyo izenzo zogonyamelo ``kunzima ukubeka ukungabikho kogonyamelo kwinkqubo. Izalathiso zekhompyutha njengesimo sengqondo okanye ulwazi zisenokungaguquleli kutshintsho lwendlela yokuziphatha. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ezininzi azinayo isiseko sogcino-lwazi kunye namaqela okulawula. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ukuba isiseko sobungqina sisenobuncinane kakhulu ukuthethelela utyalo-mali olukwiqondo eliphezulu, ingakumbi inkxalabo ngemisebenzi esetyenziswayo kunye nenkululeko yoluntu.

Imiphumo Engacwangciswanga

Olunye uphando luneziphumo eziziziphumo ezizizo. Xa uluntu luqonda iinkqubo ze-CBCT njengezokujonga phantsi kobuhlobo, ukuthembana kuyarhoxa. UK] UKhusela ubuchule [ ufumene ukugxekwa koluntu lwamaSilamsi olujoliswe ngokungenakulinganiswa, nto leyo ekhokelela kukwahlukana kunye nengqumbo. Ingxelo yo-2018 ye- i-openDemocracy[[ ifumanise ukuba i-40% yee-arhametrisss zazingamele ukudelela ekude kakhulu, ukanti intetho kawonke isoloko inxulunyano lwenkqubo kunye nobuSulumanesth.[a imbono yokuba yonakele umthetho lwayo.

Uvavanyo Lomzekelo

Urhulumente WamaZwe Omhlaba Omanyeneyo – Uthintele Iqhinga

Icebo eliyi- eliyicebo elicacileyo, elivezwe ngo- 2007, liseyinkqubo efundwa kakhulu ye-CBCT emhlabeni wonke. Isebenza kwiintsika ezintlanu: intsebenziswano namagunya asekuhlaleni, imfundo kunye nokuqeqeshwa (umz., inqanda umsebenzi ufuna izikolo neeyunivesithi ukunqanda ukunqanda ukukhusela abantu ekutsalweni kobugrogrisi), ungenelelo (njengoko kugqibele ukuphethulwa), ukutyhalwa kwemiqathango, kunye nomanyano lwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe. Imisebenzi ibonise ukuba uMjelo uthintela ngempumelelo malunga nama-80% abantu ekuqhubeni phambili kwisenzo sogonyamelo. Noko ke, inkqubo ibangele impikiswano malunga nokugqalwa kwayo okucingelwa kwamaSulumane kunye nokukwazi ukutshiselwa kwenkululeko. i-Reformationstions 2019 ijonge kwezi ngxasoluxaso lokhuseleko.

IKhanada – Ukwakha Ukuxolela Ubunqolobi

I- ye-National Strategy on Counterding Disastering to Violence (2088) igxininisa inyathelo eliye lasetyenziswa ngabantu. Ngokungafaniyo nemodeli ye-UK, ebeka amapolisa kwisiziko, ukusetyenziswa kwemali yeKhanada kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni engangeni mvuzo. Umzekelo weCPRLV okhankanywe ngaphambili ubonisa amandla alo mzekelo. Uvavanyo lwamashumi amabini asibhozo yiYunivesithi yaseSherbrooke lufumanise ukuba amaziko amapolisa acuthe acuthe ahla abaqhakamshelwa ngenxa yemiba ye-3% kwimimandla ye-injini, nangona aphawula ukuba ukwenziwa komahluko kumazwe angaphandle kufuna uphando oluqhubekayo.

United States – Iinkqubo zeCVE

I-U.S. Ibala elinobundlobongela be-Extremism (CVVE) iinkqubo phantsi kolawulo lwe-OBAMA ezijolise kwizixeko ezithathu zabaqhubi benqwelo-moya: iLos Angeles, iBoston, neMinneapolis. La maqela afumana inkxaso exhasayo empilweni yengqondo, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, kunye nokucebisa ngeentsapho. Brennan Center uhlaluzo [ agqiba kwelokuba xa abaqhubi benqanawa bephucula ukuthemba umthetho wasekuhlaleni, babengenabuchule obuvuthayo kwaye babengenayo ingcebiso olunelo lwemithetho eyahlukeneyo. Emva kotshintsho olugqithislayo kulawulo, urhulumente wesizwe, u-CVE lwemali yaququluselwa, nangona iinkqubo ezininzi zasekuhlaleni zasekuhlaleni ngokwahlukene.

Iingxaki Neengozi

Ingxaki Yokuthemba

Ukwakha isiseko socelomngeni. Ngokwembali, abantu abaninzi abambalwa baye bafumana uphando, ukukhathazwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobupolisa. Iinkqubo zesicelo soluntu kufuneka ziqale zoyise eli lifa libalulekileyo. Xa amapolisa ebandakanyekile kumanqanaba angaphambili, anokuvakalelwa njengolwandiso lomthetho, ludimaza ukuthathi-nxaxheba ngokunyaniseka. Iinkqubo eziphumelelayo zidla ngokwahlula ukuthintelwa kwimisebenzi yobukrelekrele, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkcazelo eyabelanayo ayisetyenziswa ukumangalelwa ngaphandle kokuba injongo yolwaphulo-mthetho isondele.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

I-CBCT ifuna inkxaso exhasweyo yenkxaso-mali yoqeqesho lwabasebenzi, inkxaso-mali, kunye novavanyo loluntu. Iinkqubo ezininzi zinyanzelekile ukuba zixhomekeke kwimiqathango emifutshane ethintela ukwakhiwa kolwalamano olude lwexesha. Ngaphezu koko, imfuneko yeenkonzo zenkxaso-nkonzo (ingakumbi inkxaso yempilo yengqondo). Abangama-2021 bafumana ukuba i-72% ayinelanga ukufikelela kwiinjongo zenkqubo.

Iingxaki Zezobupolitika Neembono

Amanyathelo asekelwe kuluntu anokuba yimincili. Abanye abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi amela uhlobo lobunjineli bentlalo obuphazamisa inkululeko yeengcamango. Abanye baphikisa ngelithi bathambile kakhulu kwaye abathethi ngesongelo esibangelwa ziinkqubo zobugrogrisi ezicwangcisiweyo. Ukulungelelanisa inkululeko yabemi nokhuseleko kusoloko kungumsebenzi othe ngcembe wemfazwe. Iinkqubo ezingenayo izakhiwo ezicacileyo zobungozi zingenayo, apho ukunqanda ngokuthe ngcembe kuthe chu.

Ukuchaza Impumelelo

Akukho kuvumelana ngokokuba yiyiphi inkqubo ye CBCT ephumelelayo. Ngaba linani lababhekisi-phambili? Lihla umlinganiselo wolwaphulo-mthetho? Isimo sengqondo? Ukungaphumeleli ukuseka i-metric ezicacileyo kukhokelela kubunzima ekuthetheleleni inkxaso-mali eqhubekayo. Abaxhasi basoloko bexhasa imilinganiso edityanisiweyo ye-CBCT. Ngokunjalo njengolwandiso lwe-odoli-oontality okanye ulwandiso oluphezulu lwenkxalabo.

Izenzo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa

Ubuchule kunye

Iinkqubo ezenziwe ekudibaniseni noluntu abasebenza kulo zithanda ukumelana nokuchasana okuncinci. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwendlela zokufikelela ````apho abahlali banceda ukumila kwenjongo, imisebenzi, kunye noqwalaselo-ukunyusa ubunikazi noncedo. Umzekelo, ipatroli ye- yempikisi kunye ne-CPCS (PCS) eBirmingham ibandakanya iibhodi zoluntu ezinamandla phezu kwamalungu athile enkqubo.

Ukuhambelana neeNkonzo zoLuntu

I-Extremism inqabile ukubonakala kwi-athom; isoloko ikhatshwa zezinye iingxaki ezifana nokugula ngengqondo, ukungaqeshwa, okanye ukungasebenzeli kwamalungu entsapho. Iinkqubo zeCBCT ezinika inkxaso engokwempilo (icebiso lezempilo yengqondo, icebiso lomsebenzi, uncedo lokuhlala, ingcambu yokuhlala zenza ngokuphumelelayo kunezo zijoliswe kwingcamango kuphela. Iinkonzo zobudlelane neenkonzo zoluntu ziyimfuneko.

Ukucaca kunye nolawulo

Ukugcina ukwenziwa ngokomthetho, iinkqubo kufuneka zibe zezokubonakalisa ngeendlela zazo, ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi, kunye neziphumo. Iiqumrhu zolawulo oluzimeleyo zinganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkululeko yabemi iyahlonelwa. I-Uconsoleder of Terrorism Legastical [ ipapasha rhoqo iingxelo ezingeziNtloko, ezikhokelele kwiinguqu zentelekelelo. Iinkqubo zokuphendula kumbuzo zibangela ulweyisekelo lukawonke-wonke.

Ukuziqhelanisa Nokuzivumelanisa

Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo, usebenzisa zombini iindlela zokulinganisa kunye ne-qualitity, luvumela iinkqubo zokuzilungisa nokuphucula. Iimvavanyo ezilawulwa ngokungakhethiyo zinqabile kule ndawo ngenxa yenkxalabo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kodwa imiyili yengqondo (umz., ukuthelekisa ingingqi ezihambelanayo) kunganika uluvo oluluncedo. Iinkqubo kufuneka zikulungele ukuyeka iindlela ezingqina ukuba azincedi okanye ziyingozi.

Icala

Njengokuba ujongo lwemeko-bume olutshintsha-tshintshayo olukwi-intanethi, uhlaselo lomntu omnye, kunye neengcamango ezahlukeneyo------community iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-intanethi kufuneka zilungelelanise. Ukukwazi ukufunda nokuthintela ikhompyutha kuya kusibaluleka. iKhomishini ye-Eupanean’s Modificision Memorence Network (RAN) ifumene ubuncwane obunobuvulindlela kubazali nabafundisi ukuphikisana nenkcazelo ye-intanethi. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ukuqaphela okukhulayo yokuba i-CBTCC imele ithethe zonke iintlobo ze-STREAT, kuquka nokungalulekiyo, hayi nje ubuSulumanest, ukuphepha ukukhetha iimbono zokuchana.

Enye indlela ethembisayo kukudibana kwenkxalabo yengozi. Abantu abaninzi abathe bachacha-guquka baye bafumana intlungu yobuqu `imfazwe, ukushenxiswa, ukuxhatshazwa. I-Trauma-remponsive CBCT inganceda ekuthetheni ngemvelaphi yengqondo yomsindo nokungathembani. Iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya eJamani naseSweden zihlola le ndlela neimbacu.

Isiphelo

Iinkqubo ezisekelwe ekulweni nobuphekula zoluntu aziyompiliso, kodwa zinika ulwakhiwo olunobuntu nolunokuxhaswa ngakumbi. Xa zisetyenziswa ngomanyano loluntu lokwenene, imigaqo ecacileyo yendlela yokuziphatha, kunye noovimba abaneleyo, zinganciphisa ubungozi bokwenza ulwando lolwando ngelinye ixesha, ngoxa ziqinisa umanyano loluntu. Ubungqina obungcono bubonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwentelelo kunye nongenelelo lwangaphambili luyasebenza, kodwa kuphela xa zingabonwa njengezixhobo zokuhlola. Njengoko amazwe ezama ukuxakeka ngokuzinzisa, ukuditya nokunyuselwa okungqongqo kwezi nkqubo (*) ngokucingisiswa nokuqhubekeka okungalungisi ngendlela yobulumko. Umlinganiselo ogqibeleleyo wokuphumelela akuthethi nje ukungabikho kohlaselo, kodwa ubukho boluntu apho ugonyamelo luye lwalahleka.