Ubume bezobugrogrisi buye bavela ngendlela ephawulekayo kwinkulungwane edluleyo, bubonisa ukutshintsha okubanzi kobugcisa, iingcamango, kunye ne-geographics. Oku kwaqala njengokubulawa kwabantu ziiseli ezincinci eziphembelelayo kuye kwakhula kwaba yingxaki entsonkothileyo yomhlaba wonke ebandakanya uhlaselo lwekhompyutha, uhlaselo lwe-odolofif oluhambayo, kunye namaphulo ezixhobo zezentlalo-ntle. Ngokuphendula, oorhulumente, abaquququzeleli bobuntlola, kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko baye basoloko belungisa imilinganiselo yabo echasene nomthetho, beyila i-atrock-of-of-mfazwe. Ukuqonda olu khuphindo lwezixhobo lubalulekile kubafundisi, abafundi, kunye nolwazi olufunda imbali yanamhlanje, ukhuseleko, kunye nolwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe. Eli nqaku libonisa indlela indaleko ekwakhiwe ngayo kwimbali ebanzi yembali ehlala ijikeleza njalo.

Ubugrogrisi Bobuzwilakhe Bokuqala Nobobuzwe: IXesha LeAsassin

Ixesha langoku lobugrogrisi lisoloko lilandelwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kunye nasekuqaleni kweye-20, xa amaqela omvukeli kunye nawobuzwe asebenzisa iindlela ezicetyelwe ukuvelisa umbilini wezopolitiko. Ukubulawa kweentloko zelizwe ```````Ascan''''''''. Oku njengokubulawa koorhulumente be-1901, uWilliam McKinley nguLeon Czolgoszzzz', okanye ukubulawa kweNgqudumba uGajistaraz nguGavripper waseSerbia, kwaye kwajongwa ngooqokobhekozo olulu.

Amanyathelo okulwa kweli xesha ayengamaqhinga. Amapolisa ayexhomekeke kubalathisi, kwiinkcubeko ezaziwayo, nakukungenelela okufihlakeleyo. Ixesha lobundlobongela labangela intsebenziswano yokuqala yamapolisa ehlabathi lonke, njengeNgqungquthela ye-1898 yeRome ekulweni nogonyamelo lobuGawulayo, eyakhokelela ekubeni kwabiwe abajoni kunye nezivumelwano zokwabelana ngezivumelwano. Noko ke, umlinganiselo kunye nokufikelela kwala maqela okuqala kwahlala kulinganiselwe kuthelekiswe kwimibutho yamva.

Oobuchule Obuyintloko Bexesha Lenkqubo Yolawulo Lolawulo Lomntu Onegunya

  • Iziphene zookumkani, oomongameli, kunye nabaPhathiswa
  • [[NTL:0] Izixhobo kwizithuba ezixineneyo zikawonke-wonke (umz., i-1886 Haymarket com eChicago)
  • Pulcatorda ngesiqinisekiso -- izenzo zogonyamelo ezijoliswe ekukhuthazeni uguquko
  • Ukudubula okuthinjiweyo kwamapolisa namanani ezobupolitika

Imilinganiselo Yokuqala Yokulwa

  • Ukusekwa kweqela lobulumko obukhethekileyo kumkhosi wamapolisa
  • Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe zokuncitshiswa kwabavukeli
  • Ukuveliswa kokhuseleko lwamanani aphezulu ezobupolitika
  • Ukwenziwa koncwadi olufuna ingqwalaselo ephambili namaphephandaba

Phezu kwayo nje le migudu, eli xesha labonisa ukuba kwaneeseli ezincinane zinokuphazamisa ulawulo. Isiseko socelomngeni olunesiseko sokunyanzela ukhuseleko ngenkululeko yabemi, siya kuqhubeka de kube yinkulungwane yama-21.

Ukukhutshwa kwemfazwe yasemva kunye nokunyuka kwemijikelo

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ubugrogrisi banxulunyaniswa nemikhosi echasene nelizwe elilawulayo kunye nemikhosi yenkululeko yesizwe. Amaqela afana neIrgun ePalestina, iNational Liberation Front (FLN) e-Algeria, kunye neMau Mau eKenya wasebenzisa ukuqhushumbisa, ukulala, nokuthumba ukuthob ’ ingcinezelo yamagunya e-Roceni. Eli xesha lakwabone ukuqhambuka njengeqhinga elibalaseleyo. I-FLP) ye-Froodwa kwenqwelo-moya ebhabhadulayo ngasekupheleni koo 1960, inyanzelisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusebenza kwe-mabanjwa ehlabathi nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ehlabathini lonke.

I-Hijackings yayingumtshintshi womdlalo: zaziyimimangaliso, kunzima ukuzikhusela, kwaye ziqinisekiswe kwingqungquthela yehlabathi. Ukuqweqwediswa kwe-Dawson, apho iinqwelo-moya ezintathu zaphambukiswa kwibala lenqwelo-moya lasentlango eJordan, zabonisa indlela iqela elincinane elalinokuwabamba ngayo onke amazwe ukuba abe yimiqaba yabo. Ekuphenduleni, iinqwelo-moya noorhulumente basungula umboniso wabakhweli, uqikelelo lweminyango, kunye nemithetho esemthethweni yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe. Ingqungquthela ka-1970 yeNxaxwaralo ka-Xublicure Seiz ye-Aiz e-Aircshaft yayiyenye yamandulo efuna ukubulala i-operalfanti, i-aging, isigqwena e-omatila-o-omatila okanye abar-omatila-mthetho abarbhente.

Kwaye kwasetyenziswa ubunqolobi ngexesha elililo. Amaqumrhu obukrelekrele kumazwe aseNtshona aqalisa ukwabelana ngezihlolo kunye nemisebenzi yokudibanisa. Imfazwe yeOlimpiki yaseMunich (indawo apho amajoni asePalestina abulala khona imidlalo eyi 11 yakwaSirayeli ) yabulala ihlabathi kwaye yakhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zobuphekula eziphezulu, ezifana neGSG 9 neU.S.Delta. Intsabelo esikhethekileyo yaba sisixhobo semfundiso yale mihla ephikisanayo ne-RGS.

Amaqhinga Aqhelekileyo Exesha Lokuqhamisa

  • Uthutho olunemigca ngentlawulelo okanye iimfuno zezobupolitika
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuthatha iqonga kwii- embassies, kwizikolo, okanye kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke
  • Guerrilla-hlobo lohlaselo kumandla okhuseleko kwimimandla yekoloni
  • Iibhombu zeLeta zithunyelwe kumagosa karhulumente nakwizikhululo zamapolisa

Imilinganiselo Yokulwa Edityanisiweyo

  • Imilinganiselo yokhuseleko lwenqwelo-moya yamazwe ngamazwe (ukuxilonga, uvavanyo lwentsimbi)
  • Ukulungiselela ukuhlangulwa kwebanjwa elinikezelweyo kunye neqela lemisebenzi elikhethekileyo
  • Ulwabelo olunyusiweyo lobukrelekrele kuthungelwano lwezakhiwo ezininzi (umz. iqela leTREVI eYurophu)
  • Iintlabathi ezisemthethweni eziphanga

Ukuguqukela Ekucinyweni Ngonqulo Nokuqhushumbisa Kwamabhombu

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwabonwa ukutshintsha kwengqiqo enkulu njengonqulo--------interly chaza ubuSilamsi ngokugqithisileyo. Amaqela anjenge-Hezbollah, al-Qaeda, kwaye kamva iLizwe lamaSilamsi (ISIS) lasebenzisa iindlela ezathi zafihla iintambo phakathi kwamaxhoba emikhosi nawabemi basemkhosini. Ukuzidubula kwabantu ngokuzibulalayo kwaba ngubuchule bokutyikitya, okokuqala okusetyenziswa kakhulu ngabanqolobi baseTamil Tigers eSri Lanka (ababeyilungu mkhosi), kodwa kamva bathatyathwa nguMbindi Mpuma Mpuma Ephakathi. I-19981) ibhombu yezindlu zemfazwe ezidubulaneenobumkhosi (u1). i-Marinesh .

Ukuqhushumbisa kweebhombu koovimba bama-Al-Qaeda ngo-1998 eKenya nase Tanzania, uhlaselo lwama- 2000 e-USS Cole, kunye nohlaselo oluyintlekele ngoSeptemba 11, 2001 lwabonisa indaleko ecacileyo kwimisebenzi yokuqokelela intsebenziswano, ukusetyenziswa kwentsebenziswano yentsebenziswano. Oku kuhlasela kwasebenzisa inqwelo-moya yezorhwebo, izithuthi zokuzibulala, kunye nokubetha ngexesha elinye okuthi kwafune ucwangciso oluphakathi kunye norhwebo olukhulu.

Amanyathelo okulwa emva ko-9/11 aguqulwayo. ISebe loKhuseleko lwase-U.S. lenza iSebe loKhuselo lwaseHomeland, lawudlulisa uMthetho we-USA PATRIOT, laza lasungula iMfazwe yomhlaba wonke kwi- Terror. Amasebe obuntlola andisa ngamandla amandla okuhlola, kuquka ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluninzi, uhlalutyo lwendlela-mfono-mfono-mfono, kunye nokulandelela izimali. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubulala iintloko zokubulala iinkokeli zamaphekula kwaba lilungu elisemgangathweni we-mthetho kodwa elisembini we-uni we-U.

Amaqhinga Ayintloko Okugxotha Konqulo

  • Iziqhushumbisi zeSuicide kujoliseko lomkhosi nolwabantu abaqhelekileyo
  • Igophex lokulungelelanisa uhlaselo (umz., 9/11, 2005 ukuqhushumbisa kweLondon)
  • IiAstack kumaxhoba athambileyo (iindawo zokutyela, iilabhuli, iicawa, iimarike)
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukusetyenziswa kwenqwelo-moya yorhwebo njengezixhobo[[UMQONDISO 1]
  • [[UMTL:0] Izixhobo eziqhushumbisayo (IED)[[FT:1] zibekwe ezindleleni nakwanokulandelelana

Imilinganiselo Yothintelo Kwihlabathi Lasemva

  • Ukhuseleko lwenqwelo-moya olomeleziwe (ii-TSA, imikhosi yorhulumente, iingcango zomqhubi eziqinileyo)
  • Ukwanda okukhawulezileyo kwamaqumrhu aqiqayo (NSA, CIA, MI5, DGSE)
  • Umsebenzi we ubuntlola obubonisayo kunye data yemigodi ukufumana izicwangciso
  • Amaxhoba okuhlasela eAfghanistan, ePakistan, eYemen naseSomalia
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezilwa nemikhosi yobuphekula emhlabeni wonke ezakhiwa emva kwe-9/11 kwaphumelela kukhokelo lwe-al-Qaeda oluthob'isidima, kodwa kwadala iingxaki ezintsha. Ukuvela kwe-ISIS, okwavela kwisiphithiphithi semfazwe ye-Iraq, kwabonisa ukuba ukungenelela komkhosi nokusebenza kunokubangela imijikelo emitsha yezenzo zobugrogrisi. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bezixhobo zentlalo-ntle kwakwayifanekisela icandelo elilandelayo lenkqubo yobuphekula.

IJihad yamanani: Ukuhlaselwa yiCyber, Ukukhowudwa, kunye nokubekwa komgangatho opheleleyo

Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-intanethi kunye nothungelwano lwamanani kuye kwayiguqula kakhulu indlela amaqela abanqolobi acwangcisa ngayo, aqokelela, kunye nohlaselo. Ukususela malunga nonyaka ka-2005, u-al-Qeda waqalisa ukusebenzisa i-intanethi kunye nee-ddit zonxibelelwano. Kodwa yi-ISSIS eyaguqula iingcamango zekhompyutha zamanani zaba sisixhobo somhlaba wonke. Aveliswa ngokuphezulu iividiyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezipapashiweyo ezifana [[FLT: 0] [uhlobo oluqhelekileyo] [[FLTLT:1], yaza yasebenzisa i-messaply apps (Treg, Whayi-App) ukunxibelelana kwabalandeli emhlabeni wonke. Ubuchule bokukhuthaza “iingcuka eziphezulu" ngokusuka kwikhompyutha ephathene.[FLD] ngaphandle kokunxibelelana ngqo neseli entsha enzima.

Ngo-2013, umkhosi wezombane wase-Siriya odityaniswe kulawulo lwe-Assad .IAsscimed Press Twitter athe afumana ingxelo yengxelo yobuxoki yohlaselo lwendawo emhlophe kwindlu ye-octal. [[FLT:]

  • I-propatipati ye- nge-media ye-intanethi, i-fourms, kunye neziqhagamshelanisi ezifihliweyo
  • uthungelwano olucetyiweyo olusetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa iintlaselo ezingaphaya kokugcinwa komthetho
  • [[UMTL: 0] Izixhobo zentlalo eendaba ezilungiselelwe ukwenzela iingcamango ezilulo, ukufumana, nokuqokelela (umz., iminikelo yeBitcoin)
  • [[Uhlaselo lweCyber] kwisiseko esibalulekileyo (amandla egridi, iinkqubo zamanzi, ulawulo loqhutyo lomoya)
  • U-Doxx kunye nokukhathazwa kwabasebenzi bokhuseleko neentatheli

Imilinganiselo yokuthintela yamanani

  • Ukwenziwa kwemiyalelo ye- kwi-arhente yomkhosi neyobuntlola (U.S. CYBERCOM, iiyunithi ze-UK ze-GCHQ)
  • Ukufunyaniswa nokususwa kwezinto zabanqolobi ngokufunda ngomatshini (umz., i-Internet IForum to Desideration Terrorism)
  • Umanyano neenkampani zobugcisa zokumisa iflegi nokususa ii-akhawunti ezinamandla
  • Izicelo zokuguqulela ngaphandle (eziqulunqiweyo kwaye ezixhathiswe kakhulu ngabameli benkululeko yasekuhlaleni)
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwe open-source buntry (OSINT) ukuqwalasela iziqulatho ezikhoyo ekuhleni ezikhoyo ezithe kratya

Lo mdlalo wekati- nemouse awubonisi phawu lokucotha. Amaqela amaphekula angqineke enobuchule ekufudukeni kumgangatho omtsha `suka ku Facebook ukuya ku Telegram ukuya kuDalard kwaye kwanendawo yokudlalela iiseva(ukudekna iqonga liqhekeka phantsi. Umthamo omkhulu womxholo we Internet wenza ujongo lomntu lungasebenzi, utyhalela amaqumrhu okhuseleko kukhawuleziso, nto leyo enyusa inkxalabo yangasese kunye nomngcipheko wemposiso yemithetho.

Isisongelo Selodwa Sentlalo - mlilo Nenkcitho Ephantsi

Ngonyaka wama-2010 nangaphaya, intsingiselo ephawulekayo ibikukunyuka “kwengcuka enye” ." i-Indivive isebenza ngokuchasene ne-intanethi kodwa isebenza ngokwayo nangawuphi na umyalelo ophakathi. Aba bahlaseli basebenzisa izixhobo ezilula, ezisezantsi, ezixhobileyo, okanye iimele, okanye iimbaleki-mo-mthi . Eziphantse zingakwazi ukubhaqa okanye ukunqanda. Uhlaselo lwama-2017 eNicaea, eFransi, apho ilori yayilimela khona ngokubulala abantu abangama-86, yayingumzekelo ocacileyo. Ukuhlasela okufana nowe-ibhethrafi kwazenzeka eBerlin (206), eLondon (2017), kunye neNew York City (2017).

Ukuhlasela kwelodwa kuzisa ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo lokulwa nobugrogrisi. Kufuna ucwangciso oluncinane, ukusebenzisa izinto zemihla ngemihla, kwaye kushiyela imiqathango emincinane kumaqumrhu obuchule ukuze afumane. Abahlaseli basoloko besaziwa kumthetho ngolwaphulo-mthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho oluncinane okanye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, kodwa abalungenisi kwimo esesikweni yomsebenzi wamaphekula. Ngoko amanyathelo athe ajoliswe kwiindlela ezisekelwe ekuzingeni koluntu: akhuthaza ukuxela ukuziphatha okukrokrelekrelezayo, okubandakanya iinkonzo zoluntu, nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokulungisa intlalo. ukwakhiwa komgangatho wasekuhlaleni ngoku kuqwalaselwa njengomaleko obalulekileyo wokhuselo.

Amaqhinga eenjanja aqhelekileyo

  • Ukuhlasela okungqukuva kwiindawo ezixineneyo zabahamba ngezinyawo
  • imfazwe yeKnife kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke okanye kwisithili seevenkile
  • Arson kunye nezixhobo ezisunguliweyo zoqhushumbo ezakhiwe kwimichiza yasekhaya
  • Ukudubula ngemipu efunyenwe ngokusemthethweni (umz., 2019 ukudubula kweSulumane leShumi yeCawa yecawa)

Imilinganiselo yokulwa esekelwe kuluntu

  • [[UMTL:0]“ Jonga into, sho into” amaphulo okwazisa uwonke-wonke
  • Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba (77%) lubonise ukuba amapolisa, iinkonzo zentlalo-ntle,
  • Ulungiso olusezantsi kunye nokwehla kwemiqathango (umz., inkqubo yeAlder Hey kwi-UK, inkqubo yeHayat eSaudi Arabia)
  • Ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo lwesisongelo [[FLT: 1] (BTA) ukuchaza iimpawu ezinyukayo zogonyamelo
  • Ungenelelo loyilo lwedolobha (iibholda, imiqobo, izigcini-mgcini zokhuseleko) ukuze ziqiniswe

Iparadigm ekwisisodwa inyanzelisa ukucingela kwakhona ubuphekula obuchaseneyo nolwaphulo-mthetho: ukusuka kwimodeli yokuqala yobulumko kunye nomkhosi ukuya kwindlela yobuchule edibanisa impilo kawonke-wonke, imfundo, kunye nocwangciso lwasedolophini. Kodwa ukunwenwa kwemeko yesisongelo kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho sicwangciso sinye esinokunika ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.

Ucelomngeni Oluzayo: Ubuntlola Obenziwe Ngezakhono, Iintlobo - ntlobo Zezilwanyana Nezisongelo ZeCBRN

Xa kujongwa ngaphambili, iindawo ezimbini zisenokuchaza icandelo elilandelayo lohlaziyo lwabanqolobi: izixhobo zemichiza, ezobuchiza, ezomchako, ezomchako, kunye ne-nyukliya (CBRN), kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kobuntlola (I). Ngelixesha i-CBRN iye yazanywa (ngokungakumbi i- ipropasion of CRIS] yegesi ka-Aum Shinrikto] inqabile ngenxa yemiqobo yobugcisa. Noko ke, inkqubela-yakhemikhali evulekileyo, ulwazi lwemichiza elivulekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa ii-dronel zinokuthobanisa imiqobo yophatho, i-emperective, kunye nonyuko lwe-bibibio.

I-AI inika zombini usongelo kunye nemilinganiselo echaseneyo. Amaqela amaphekula angasebenzisa i-Gradiation AI ukudala amajini anzulu okusasaza ulwazi, amabhanti okuzifumanela imvume yokuncokola, okanye ukunyusa ukhetho lokujolisa. Ii-frones ezizimeleyo ezixhotyiswe ngeziqhushumbisi zisisibonelelo esisengqiqweni kwiminyaka elishumi ezalandelayo. Kwizikhuseli, iinkqubo zokuhlola ngeliso elinamandla e-AIII ziyakwazi ukuhlalutya ubuninzi bogcino-lwazi ukufumanisa uluvo oluvelayo oluvelayo, ubuchule bokuziphatha, kunye nemithetho eqikelelekileyo. Kodwa inkxaso malunga nokuhlola okukhulu, ukugoba, ukugoba, kunye nobuxoki zihlala zingaphendulwangalungiswangalungi.

Abasebenzi Bezixhobo Ezisongelayo Abadibanisayo

  • Imposiso ejijelwayo kunye nevidiyo ezifunxayo
  • Isixokelelwano sesixhobo esizimeleyo (ii-droboti ezisemhlabeni) ezisetyenziswa ngabadlali abangengomhlaba
  • Isifo sebhayoloji usebenzisa iintsholongwane ezijijelwe ngejini
  • Inkcazo yezomzimba ijolise kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwemizi-mveliso (umz., izityalo zonyango lwamanzi, igridi zamandla)
  • Quantam compoting enokubanako ukwaphula ufihlo lwangoku, ibhenca uthungelwano oluphikisayo lobuphekula

Imilinganiselo yokulwa eqinisekisiweyo yexesha elizayo

  • Uphuhliso lwe AI-driven ubhaqo lwesoyikiso kuhlalutyo lokwenene lwexesha lwengingqi kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezimvo
  • Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe ezithintela izixhobo ezizimeleyo kwimimandla engajongwanga
  • Ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo kunye nophando olusetyenziswa kabini (umz., iNdibano yeZiphene ze-Biological)
  • Ungeniso kwi post-quantom coptography ukukhusela ugcino-lwazi olunovakalelo
  • Unxulumano loluntu lobuqu lwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwe-Al kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi

Uluntu lobuntlola sele luhlola la macandelo. Kumongo onzulu kwi-Al nokhuseleko, i- ipapashe uphando olunzulu ngokhuseleko lwe-II kukhuseleko lwesizwe. Ngokufanayo, i-FLT] Brookings Instition inika uhlalutyo malunga nenkqubo echasene nokhuseleko kunye nezisongelo ezivelayo[[FLT: 3], kuquka iingxaki zohlaselo lodwa lombane kunye ne-i-i-inthakethe. Kwimida-drive ijonge kwimiphetho yomhlaba wonke, [[FLTD:] ugcino-mthetho-GROGS (GD)[FLTD] olugcinwe yi-mbonelelo olunegunya.

Isiphelo

Indaleko yamaqhinga abanqolobi asiyonto eqhubekekayo kodwa kukuqhelaniswa okuqhubekayo kokutshintsha kweemeko zobupolitika, amathuba obugcisa, kunye namanyathelo okuphikisana. Ukusukela ekubulaweni kwabantu ngenkulungwane ye-19 ukuya kuthungelwano olufihlakeleyo lwe-21, isizukulwana ngasinye siye sabona amaqela enguqulelo ukuzoyisa ukhuselo olungenaziphene. Umjikelo awubonisi zimpawu zokuphela. Njengo-Al, biotech, kunye no-quantam computing, isizukulwana esilandelayo sezisongelo kunye nemilinganiselo ephikisanayo siyakubanobunkobeko, kwaye uyakwazi ukuntsonkotha, ukumelana nenkqukumbelano, kwaye ulwelwelo lwendalo yehlabathi lonke.

Kubafundisi-mfundo nabafundi, isitshixo sikukuba ukulwa nobunqolobi asiyonto iqumrhu lolwazi elizinzileyo kodwa ngumsebenzi onamandla ofuna ukufunda rhoqo, intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, nokuphaphamela kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ucelomngeni alukho kuphela ekuhambisaneni namaqhinga acacileyo kodwa luxhomekeke ekwenzeni oko ngaphandle kokuncama inkululeko nemilinganiselo abantu abafuna ukuyikhusela. Ukuqonda le mbali akuyomfundo nje kuphela. "ukulungiselela okubalulekileyo ukulungiselela iingxaki zokhuseleko zexesha elizayo."