Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Phantsi Kwemithetho Yempilo Yasekuhlaleni

Imimiselo yempilo yasekuhlaleni yenza umva wempilo entle yoluntu, kodwa abahlali abaninzi abaluqondi ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko olufumaneka kule mithetho. Ukuba uqesha indlu, utya kwivenkile yokutyela, usela amanzi empompo, okanye uphefumla umoya kufuphi nendawo yoshishino, imigaqo yempilo yasekuhlaleni imisela imilinganiselo enyanzelekileyo elungiselelwe ukukhusela izifo nokwenzakala. Le ndlela iphambili ihamba phakathi kwamalungu angundoqo ale mithetho, ichaza amalungelo owaphetheyo, kwaye inikela amanyathelo asebenzisekayo okuqinisekisa loo malungelo ngempumelelo.

Iyintoni Imithetho Yempilo Yasekuhlaleni?

Imimiselo yempilo yasekuhlaleni yimithetho, imithetho, kunye nemithetho yolawulo elandelwa sisixeko, ingingqi, okanye amasebe ezempilo engingqi. Basebenza phantsi kwegunya elinikwe yimithetho yezonyango karhulumente kwaye balungiselwa ukucombulula iingozi ezingaqhelekanga zengingqi ethile. Ngokungafaniyo naleyo yezorhulumente (njengezo zisuka kwi Izithathi-nxaxheba zokuLawulwa nokuthintelwa kwezifo [[]), imimiselo yasekuhlaleni inyanzelelwa ngamagosa ezempilo eqeqeshiweyo, abahloli bezobume bemeko-mekobume, kunye neebhodi zempilo zasekuhlaleni.

Le mithetho iquka iindidi ezininzi zeengxaki zempilo kawonke wonke:

  • [ ukhuseleko lokutya – uhlolo lwevenkile yokutyela, umphako wokutya ovumela, kunye neemfuno zogutyulo wevenkile, iimarike zamafama, kunye neelori zokutya.
  • Ubunjani bobunjani benqanawa – uvavanyo kunye nonyango lwemilinganiselo yamanzi okusela kawonke-wonke, kwakunye nemimiselo yemithombo yabucala kunye neendawo zokuqubha.
  • Ubunjani obuyi-Air [- – imida yokukhutshwa kwegesi kwimizi-mveliso, iindawo zokwakha, kunye nokuvuleka komlilo; ukuvalwa kokutsha ngaphakathi ngaphakathi; kunye nemilinganiselo yokulungisa ukungunda.
  • ulawulo lwesifo esingenakuthintelwa [ – ingxelo enyanzelekileyo yezifo ezithile, imiyalelo yokuhlalisana kwamalungu omzimba, iimfuno zokugoma zokuya esikolweni, kunye nemithetho elandelwayo yokunxibelelana.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ingxakeko yempilo yeLubism – amandla okukhupha imiyalelo ekhusi kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, amashishini asondeleyo ngexesha lequbuliso, kwaye alawula iindawo zokugoma okanye zokuvavanya.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukugutyula nogutyulo - umlinganiselo ophantsi wokufudumeza, wemibhobho, wokulawula iziphene, wepeyinti ekhokelayo, nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma.

Ngenxa yokuba iimeko zobulali zahluka ngokubanzi, umthetho osebenza kwenye ingingqi usenokungabikho kwenye. Umzekelo, uluntu lwasemanxwemeni lusoloko lunobungqongqo obujongiselwa amanzi akwibhedi yembalela, ngelixa iindawo zoshishino zinokuba namasiko angqongqo okulawula ungcoliso lomoya. Ukuqonda imithetho esebenzayo kwindawo ohlala kuyo linyathelo lokuqala ekukhuseleni impilo yakho.

Amalungelo Akho Asisiseko Aphantsi Kwemithetho Yempilo Yasekuhlaleni

Abahlali abangenelwa nje kuphela kwiikhowudi zempilo ezikhoyo, `abanamalungelo asebenzayo angomthetho nangokwesiko. La malungelo afakwe kuyo yonke imimiselo ngokwayo nakukhuseleko olubanzi lomGaqo-siseko (njengenkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nokhuseleko olulinganayo). Ngapha koko kunelungelo elingundoqo onokulicela.

Shicilela kulwazi

Unelungelo lokufumana umbhalo opheleleyo wemimiselo yempilo yasekuhlaleni, iingxelo zohlolo lokutya, iziphumo zomgangatho wovavanyo lwamanzi, kunye nezaziso zeengozi zempilo. Isebe lempilo elininzi lipapasha olu lwazi kwi-intanethi. Ukuba amaxwebhu akafumaneki ngokwamanani, ungafaka izicelo zeerekhodi zikawonke-wonke. Inkululeko Yolwazi Act (kumgangatho worhulumente) iqinisekisa ukufikelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngaphandle kwemirhumo eninzi. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukubona inqaku lakutshanje lokuhlola iresitorethi, ungayicela ngqo okanye ukhangele ugcino-siseko sogcino-siseko sikawonke-wonke.

Ukuya Kwindawo Ekhuselekileyo

Imithetho yempilo yasekuhlaleni imisela isiseko sokhuseleko kuyo yonke indawo ohlala kuyo. Oku kuquka:

  • Amanzi akhuselekileyo okusela engenalo ilothe, iintsholongwane kunye nemichiza ebulala iintsholongwane.
  • Izindlu ezingenamkhusane, iintsholongwane ezincinane, kunye neenkqubo zombane okanye zegesi ezipholileyo.
  • Imisebenzi (esekelwe kwimithetho yempilo yasekuhlaleni neOSHA) egcina umgangatho womoya ongenisa umoya, wogutyulo nengxolo ekhuselekileyo.
  • Iindawo zikawonke - wonke ezingakuchanabeli kwinkunkuma eyingozi, ungcoliso lomoya okanye ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma enganyangwanga.

Ukuba imekobume yakho ingaphantsi kwale milinganiselo, unelungelo lokufuna ukulungiswa ngumnini wempahla, umqeshi okanye ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni.

Amalungelo Okuxela Ukwaphulwa Kwale Milo Ngaphandle Kokuziphindezela

Ukhuseleko lweWhistlepulder lugcinwe kwimithetho emininzi yempilo yasekuhlaleni. Ukuba ubona ulwaphuko olufana nevenkile yokutyela ephatha inyama ekrwada ngokungafanelekanga, umnini-ndlu ongayihoyiyo isiseko sogcino-lwazi lwenkunkuma, okanye umzi-khaya okhupha umsi onetyhefu . Ungayixela kwisebe lezempilo ngaphandle koloyiko lokugxothwa, ukususwa, okanye ukukhathazwa. Ezinye iindawo zinika ingxelo engaziwayo yokushushu. Ukukhusela, ukubhala ukonakalisa ngeefoto, imihla, kunye namaphetshana akho abhaliweyo, kwaye ugcine ikopi yetyala lakho.

Ilungelo Lokuthabatha Inxaxheba Ekwenzeni Umgaqo - siseko

Iibhodi zezempilo zasekuhlaleni zisoloko ziqhuba iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke apho abemi banokugqabaza ngemigaqo ecetyisiweyo. Unelungelo lokuya kwezi ntlanganiso, ukuthetha ngamaxesha okugqabaza, kwaye unike ubungqina obubhaliweyo. Amasebe amaninzi akwaqhuba amaxesha acwangcisiweyo oluntu phambi kokuba amkele imithetho emitsha, efana nokutshintshwa kovavanyo lokutya okanye ukuvalwa komsebenzi omtsha weplastiki enye. Ukungenela kule nkqubo kuqinisekisa ukuba ibutho labantu lichaphazele imigaqo yokugqibela.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni asoloko enikela iinkonzo ezithe ngqo zekliniki zokunika inzala, ukuxilonga i-STD, ukuxilonga isifo sephepha, kunye neenkqubo zokuzondla. Kwanokuba awukhange ufumane okanye unengeniso elinganiselweyo, unelungelo lokuya kwezi nkonzo ngexabiso eliphantsi okanye ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi. Imithetho iqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo zempilo zigcina imfihlo kwaye zihlangabezane nemigangatho yobugcisa.

Indlela Yokuwasebenzisa Kakuhle Amalungelo Akho

Ukwazi amalungelo akho anele; kufuneka uthabathe amanyathelo ngabom ukuze uwanyanzelise. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo ziya kukunceda usebenzise iinkqubo zempilo zasekuhlaleni ngentembelo.

Zifundise Ngemithetho Yasekuhlaleni

Yiya kwi-website yesebe lempilo lasekuhlaleni uze ukhangele amacandelo abhalwe “Umthetho we-Public Health Code,”“ `Environal Health Programme'," okanye “Imithetho Yolawulo Lokwenzakalisa.” Yazi ezona zinto zinxulumene nobomi bakho. "Ngokomzekelo, ukumiselwa kokutya kumiselwe ukuba udla ngokudlisa, okanye imigaqo yezindlu ukuba ungumxhasi wesebe. Zibophelele kwiphepha-ncwadi lesebe okanye landela imijelo yalo yezentlalo-ndaba ukuze ufumane uhlaziyo kwiinguqu zemithetho kunye nezilumkiso zempilo.

Hlala Usazi Iinguqulelo Eziqhubekayo

Imithetho iguqula iphendulela kwimpendulo kubungqina obutsha benzululwazi, ukuqhambuka kwezifo, kunye nesenzo sowiso-mthetho. Umzekelo, amasebe amaninzi ezonyango asekuhlaleni ahlaziyile i-COVID-19 amaqela ayo emithetho elandelwayo amaxesha amaninzi ngexesha lesifo esingubhubhani. Sisayine ulumkiso lwe-imeyili okanye uhlole iphepha leendaba lesebe rhoqo. CDC's Public Health Gate Gatey [ inikeza uluvo lwesizwe ekuveleni kwemikhwa eqhubekayo.

Thetha Ngokungqalileyo Namagosa Empilo

Ukuba unombuzo okanye inkxalabo, qhagamshelana nesebe lempilo ngemfonomfono, i-imeyili, okanye ngomntu. Cacisa: umgaqo owukholelwayo ophulweyo, chaza indawo nexesha, kwaye uchaze ukuba yeyiphi inyathelo ofuna ukulithabatha (umz., ukuhlolwa, intle, okanye ulungelelwaniso lokulungisa). Ukuba awufumani mpendulo kwisakhelo sexesha elifanelekileyo, nyusa lombandela kumalathisi-mpilo okanye kwibhodi enyuliweyo yempilo.

Uthungelwano neQela loLuntu

Ilizwi lomntu linokungahoywa. Kodwa xa abantu abaninzi okanye umbutho wasekuhlaleni uphakamisa imbambano efanayo, amagosa ezempilo adla ngokuthatha inyathelo. Jonga amaqela asekuhlaleni asesikweni, amaqumrhu asekuhlaleni, imibutho yokukhusela ukutya, okanye imibutho esekuhlaleni. Yiba kunye neentlanganiso zabo kwaye ucebise imigudu enxulumeneyo, njengokucela uvavanyo olungqongqo kwimithombo yokusela okanye ukucela ukuhlolwa okuthe rhoqo kwevenkile yokutyela.

Phendla InjiniName

Yenza ifayili yenkxalabo yempilo nganye odibana nayo. Quka:

  • Umhla, ixesha nendawo ekwakukho kuyo loo mbambano.
  • Imifanekiso okanye iividiyo ezibonisa ngokucacileyo oko kwaphulwa.
  • Iikopi zayo nayiphi na ileta nabanini bezinto, abaqeshi okanye abasemagunyeni bezonyango.
  • Ufowunelwa ngulo mfanekiso: ngubani othethe naye, yintoni ethenjisiweyo, nexesha.

Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ayenza ityala lakho liqine ukuba ekugqibeleni ufuna ukufaka isikhalazo okanye ufuna uncedo olusemthethweni.

Imithetho Eqhelekileyo Yempilo Yasekuhlaleni Iyachazwa

Xa imigaqo ethile ibhala eyayo, ikho imimiselo ethile efumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukuqonda injongo yayo kunye namalungiselelo ayo abalulekileyo kuya kukunceda uqonde ukwaphulwa.

Imithetho yokhuseleko lokutya

Le khowudi, isoloko isekelwe kwi Ikhowudi yokutya yeFDA, ifuna ulwakhiwo lokutya

  • Zigcine zishushu yaye zibanda.
  • Khusela ungcoliseko- olunqamlezileyo phakathi kwezinto ezingalungiswanga neziphekiweyo.
  • Qiniseka ukuba abasebenzi bahlamba izandla rhoqo yaye abasebenzi xa begula.
  • Gcina amakhitshi, iindawo zokugcina izinto, neendawo zokutyela zicocekile.
  • Emva kokuhlolwa amanqaku okanye izihlandlo ezininzi (kwizixeko ezininzi).

Xa ivenkile yokutyela ingakhange ihlolwe, ibekwa phantsi okanye igalelwe, unokubona iziphumo zokuhlola i - Internet ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe indawo oza kutyela kuyo.

Imigangatho yobunjani bamanzi

Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni ajonga iinkqubo zamanzi kawonke-wonke ukwenzela izinto ezifakelwayo njengelothe, iinitrates, kunye ne- E. coli. Akhupha “amanzi angenamanzi” xa kufunyanwa ungcoliso lwentsholongwane. Abanini-manzi abaquququzeleli badla ngokufuneka bavavanye amanzi abo minyaka le kwaye kusenokufuneka bawanyange ukuba imigangatho ingaphaya kwemiqobo yokhuseleko. Unelungelo lokucela ukhuphelo lwengxelo yonyaka ye-Consurence Intence, eziphumo zenkcukacha.

Imithetho yogcino lwendlu nempahla

Le migaqo ichaza ubuncinane bemeko yezindlu ezikhuselekileyo nezicocekileyo. Imizekelo iquka:

  • Izixokelelwano zokukhupha mazikwazi ukugcina ubuncinane 68°F (2°C) ngexesha lenyanga ezibandayo.
  • Ukugquma kufuneka kusebenze ngendlela elungeleleneyo kwaye kungabi navuzo.
  • Izinto kufuneka zingabi nangxaki yokuxinana nokuhlaselwa zizinambuzane.
  • Iingozi zepeyinti ezisekelwe kwilothe mazisuswe okanye ziqulathwe kumakhaya akhiwe phambi ko 1978.
  • Umsi kunye nesixhobo sokukhupha imonoxide kufuneka zifakwe.

Ukuba umninindlu akaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nale milinganiselo, ungafaka isikhalazo kwisebe lengingqi lezindlu okanye lezonyango. Amanye amazwe avumela abaqeshi ukuba barhoxe de kulungiswe, kodwa oku kufuneka kwenziwe phantsi kolawulo olusemthethweni.

Unxulumano loLawulo lwengxolo

Ingxolo egqithisileyo ayiyonkathazo nje kuphela . Inokubangela ukungakwazi ukuva, ukuphazanyiswa kobuthongo, noxinezeleko oluphezulu. Imimiselo yengxolo yasekuhlaleni imisela imida yamaxesha awahlukeneyo emini nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo (ezikorhwebo, ezoshishino). Ulwakhiwo, izibhexi zamagqabi, umculo ongxolayo, nezinja ezikhonkothayo zonke ziwela phantsi kwale mithetho. Ukuba ummelwane okanye ishishini liphula umthetho, ungazixela kwisebe lezempilo okanye kumapolisa asekuhlaleni.

Ukunyanzelwa kunye nemali

Imigaqo yempilo isebenza kuphela xa kufunyaniswa ukwaphulwa nokulungiswa. Isebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni lisebenzisa iingcali zemekobume ezihlola imekobume ezisoloko zisenza uhlolo kwaye ziphendule xa kuthethwa izikhalazo.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Iziphoso – kwizaphulo ezincinci, zexesha lokuqala ezinokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza.
  • [[UMTL:0] I-FON – usuka kumakhulu ambalwa ukuya kumawaka aliqela eerandi ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu.
  • Ukususa okanye ukususa – kwizakhiwo zokutya okanye amashishini asoloko engaphumeleli uhlolo.
  • Imiyalelo yeCurt – esetyenziselwa ukunyanzela ukukhutshwa kwengozi ezinzulu ezifana nokukhutshwa kwenkunkuma ekrwada.
  • Ityala elingunobangela – kwiimeko ezimandundu zokubeka engozini ngabom, njengokuthengisa ukutya okunezono.

Ukuba unikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa, isebe lezempilo lifanele liphande ngesakhelo esifanelekileyo sexesha eliphakathi kwe-frame", ngokufuthi kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-72 ukwenzela iingozi ezingxamisekileyo. Unelungelo lokuxelelwa ngeziphumo nangona iinkcukacha ezithile zisenokuba ziyimfihlo ngexesha lokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Ucelomngeni Nendlela Yokoyisa

Kwanaxa abemi bemi bewaqonda amalungelo abo, imiqobo emininzi inokubathintela ekuthabatheni amanyathelo.

Ukungaqwalaseli

Abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba imimiselo yempilo yasekuhlaleni ikho okanye indlela yokufikelela kuyo. Amasebe empilo angakuphucula oku ngokushicilela ushwankathelo olucacileyo ngeelwimi ezininzi nokuhambisa abaphangi kwiimeko zoluntu. Njengomntu ohlala apho, unokuba luncedo ngokubelana ngolwazi nabamelwane nangokuya kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke.

Ulwimi lwasemthethweni oluntsonkothileyo

Imithetho isoloko ibhalwa ngomgaqo ongqongqo wasemthethweni. Ukuphelisa oku, khangela izikhokelo ezipapashwe lisebe lezonyango okanye amaqela angeyongeniso. Ezinye izixeko zinikela ucapiro olunomxholo othi “Yazi Amalungelo Akho” abaqeshi kunye nabasebenzi bokutya.

Ukoyika Ukuziphindezela

Abasebenzi bangaboyika ukugxothwa ukuba banikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa kwezindlu, kwaye abasebenzi bangaxhalatyiswa kukuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo ukuba bachaza iingozi zokhuseleko. Ukhuseleko lomthetho lukhona, kodwa alusoloko lunyanzeliswa kakuhle. Uxwebhu lunganyenyenyeka kwaye, ukuba kuyenzeka, izikhalazo zefayile ngemijelo engaziwayo. Ukuba kuyenzeka, dibana nekliniki yoncedo esemthethweni okanye i-EALBEOUSCORT (ukuba umsebenzi unxulumene) okanye umbutho wamalungelo.

Oovimba abalinganiselweyo

Isebe lezempilo lisoloko lingenazintsebenziso kwaye lingenazo iziqendu ezincinane, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimpendulo ecothayo. Ukuba akufumani sigqibo esifike ngexesha, likhula kumagosa anyuliweyo (ibhunga okanye abameli bephondo) kunye nesebe lezezentlalo-ntle. Uxinzelelo loluntu lunganyanzela isebe ukuba linike oovimba abangakumbi ukuze linyanzelise.

Utyekelo Lwakutshanje Neenkqubano Zexesha Elizayo

Imimiselo yempilo yasekuhlaleni isoloko itshintsha. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwavela iziphumo eziliqela:

  • itshintsha impendulo - imithetho emitsha yokhuseleko lobushushu kubenzi bangaphandle, abaphathi bezamcolo, kunye nongxamiseko lokulungiselelwa iziganeko zemozulu ezimandundu.
  • [[NTLA:0] Focus kwi-equt yempilo – imimiselo ejolise kwixhoba ekwahlukani, efana nokufuna ukutya okusempilweni kwingingqi ezifumana imali ephantsi okanye ukufikelela kolwimi kwimpilo.
  • Iinguqulelo zeDigital – ii-indawo ze-intanethi ukwenzela iingxelo zohlolo, umba wesikhalazo se-elektroniki, kunye neebhodi zogcino-lwazi loqobo lwexesha loqobo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukulungiselela – amandla ahlaziyiweyo okuhlahlela ukwahlukana, izigunyaziso zogonyo, kunye nemigangatho yendawo yokukhupha umoya kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke.

Ukuhlala usazi ezi nguqu kuza kukunceda uqonde amalungelo akho atshintshayo kunye neembopheleleko.

Oovimba bolwazi oluthe vetshe

Ukuze uphucule ulwazi lwakho uze ufumane uncedo kwimibandela ethile, khawujonge ezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Isebe lezempilo elikwindawo engqongileyo – isiphumlisi sakho sokuqala sekhowudi, uhlolo, kunye neefomu zokukhalaza.
  • Iziko lonyango lwesizwe [[FLT: 1] - - inika ulawulo kwaye inganika imodeli yekhowudi eyamkelekileyo kulawulo lwengingqi.
  • CDC Inkqubo yoMthetho wempilo kawonke-wonke – inika ubuncwane kunye noqeqesho olusemthethweni kwimpilo kawonke-wonke.
  • [[UMTL:0] Intlangano yempilo yomhlaba wonke – ipapasha imilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nokhokelo kukhuseleko lwemekobume nokutya.
  • [[UMTL:0] Intlangano zoncedo olusemthethweni – ezininzi zineeyunithi zomthetho zezempilo ezikhethekileyo (umz., IiNkonzo zoMgaqo-mthetho woLuntu ePhiladelphia okanye iNcedo yeBay yoMgaqo-mthetho).
  • [[UMKL.0] Amaqela athengisayo nabathengi abalayishiyo [ – njengeNational Consumer Law Center okanye amabhunga asekuhlaleni alungileyo ezindlu.

Isiphelo

Imigaqo yempilo yasekuhlaleni ayiyomiqathango engokwasemthethweni, kwaye zizixhobo eziluncedo ezikhusela intlalo-ntle yakho yemihla ngemihla. Ngokuqonda ilungelo lakho lolwazi, ukhuseleko, ukukhalaza ngaphandle kokuziphindezela, ukuthatha inxaxheba, nokufikelela kwiinkonzo, uba lilungu loluntu elinamandla. Zinike ixesha lokufunda imithetho efuna ukuba usoloko uthenjiswe lisebe lakho lezempilo, kwaye ungathandabuzi ukuthetha xa kuvela iingozi. Ngokwenjenjalo, unceda ukudala imekobume entle yomntu wonke.