Unxulumano nomthetho lungacinezela, ludideke, lude lothuse. Enoba utsalwa ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwendlela, umiswa ngoxa uhamba ngesitrato, okanye uvalelwe ukuze ubuze, ukwazi ukuba amalungelo akho asemthethweni angowokuqala ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwakho nenkululeko yakho yasekuhlaleni. Olu khokelo lunika uluvo oluphandle lwamalungelo akho xa uqhubana namapolisa eUnited States, asekelwe kwimigaqo-siseko kunye nakumacebiso asebenzisekayo.

Amalungelo akho omGaqo-siseko ngokufutshane

Amalungelo akho ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa akhuselwa ngokuyintloko ziinguquko ezintathu kumGaqo-siseko wase-United States: IsiHlanu, isiHlanu, kunye neziHlanziso zeSithandathu. Ukuqonda ezi zikhokelo zesiseko kuya kukunceda uqonde xa igosa lisebenza ngaphakathi komthetho naxa amalungelo akho esengozini.

UMthetho Wesine Wokwenziwa Komhlaba: Ukukhuselwa Kuphando Olungekho Lubulumko Nokungatyhileki

UHlomelo lwesine lukukhusela ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni nasekuxhuzuleni okubangelwa ngurhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba amapolisa afuna isiqinisekiso esisekelwe kwisizathu esinokwenzeka sokuphendla ikhaya lakho, imoto, okanye umntu. Kukho okungafaniyo . "ezifana neemeko ezizizizo, imvume, okanye imbonakalo ecacileyo" kodwa umthetho ongagqibekanga nguwo wokuba akunyanzelekanga ukuba uvumele ukuphengulula ngaphandle kwemvume okanye unobangela olindelekileyo. Unelungelo lokubeka imvume ecacileyo, “Andivumelani nophendlo." Ukuba igosa eliya liqhubeka noko, okokuba likho ubungqina obubalulekileyo kamva ukuba uvavanywa ngokusemthethweni enkunkundleni.

UMthetho Wesihlanu Ohlaziyiweyo: Ilungelo Lokuthula

ISichibiyelo sesihlanu siqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu “uzakunyanzelwa nakweliphi na icala lolwaphulo-mthetho ukuba abe lingqina.” Kulapho ilungelo lokuzimela liphuma khona. Akuyomfuneko ukuba uphendule imibuzo evela kumthetho onyanzelisayo, nokuba awukabanjwa. imanda] isilumkiso esidumileyo [ singumkhuseli wendlela yokuzikhusela ofuna amapolisa ukuba akuxelele le nto phambi kokuba uncinwe ngetyala. Noko ke, ungalibiza ilungelo lakho lokuthula nangaliphi na ixesha, kwanaphambi kokuba uMiranda ifundwe ngokucacileyo. Licacile ilizwi elithi, “Ndisebenzisa ilungelo lam lokuhlala ndithulile, kwaye ke ndithi khe ndithi kheti. Ukuba ukhetha ukuthula phambi kokuba ubanjiwe, ungalali igosa-USC.[1]

UMthetho Wesithandathu Wokwenziwa Kwemvisiswano: Ilungelo Lokufumana Inqwelo - moya

ISithandathu IsiHlanziso soMphengululo siqinisekisa ilungelo lokunika icebiso elingokwasemthethweni xa sele kuqalisiwe imicimbi yomthetho (njengokuthi emva kokubanjwa). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ungacela igqwetha nanini na ngexesha lokudibana. Xa ucela igqwetha, amapolisa kufuneka ayeke ukubuza de igqwetha libe likho. Ukuba awunalo ilungelo lokukunikela igqwetha, elinye liya kunikwa. Eli lungelo alisebenzi ngexesha lokumisa itrato okanye ukudibana nje okuqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba uvakalelwa ukuba uyancinwa, ligunyazisa ilungelo lakho kwigqwetha elingubulumko.

Oko Umele Ukwenze Ngexesha Lokumisa Uhambo Ngemoto

Ukumiswa kwezithuthi zezithuthi yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokudibana namapolisa. Ukwazi amanyathelo afanelekileyo kunokukhusela amalungelo akho kuze kuthintele imeko.

  • Tsala ngaphaya ngokukhuselekileyo nangokukhawuleza xa ubona izibane okanye uva impempe yokubetha. Sebenzisa uphawu lwakho lokujika utsale kwicala lasekunene lendlela. Yima kwindawo ekhalisiweyo, kawonke-wonke ukuba kuyenzeka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Yicime i-injini yakho, yihla unyuka phantsi kwefestile yakho, kwaye ugcine izandla zakho zibonakala kwivili lokuqhuba.[[FTL:1] Kuphephe intshukumo yequbuliso. Ukuba ufuna ukufikelela kubhaliso lwakho okanye i-inshorensi, yixelele umphathi kuqala.
  • Yiba nesidima kodwa ungafaki nkcazelo yokuzithandela. Kufuneka ukuba unikezele iphepha-mvume lomqhubi wakho, ukubhalisa, kunye nesiqinisekiso se-inshorensi. Akuyomfuneko ukuba uphendule imibuzo efana nothi “Uyazi ukuba nditheni na?” okanye “Uvela phi?”. Ngokuqhelekileyo uthi, “Ndikhetha ukuthi cwaka.”
  • Musa ukuvuma ukuphengulula imoto yakho. Ukuba igosa libuza, yithi, “Andivumi ukukhangela.” Ukuba igosa linonobangela olindelekileyo (umz., liyawuhoya, libona umya, okanye linesiqinisekiso), bangaphendla noko. Ukungavumi kwakho kugcina ilungelo lakho lokuvavanya uphando kamva.
  • Ukuba ubanjiwe, musa ukuxhathisa. Kwanokuba ukholelwa ukuba ukuba ubanjwa akuvumelekanga, ukuxhathisa ngokwasemzimbeni kungakhokelela kwityala elongeziweyo. Lizwi licacile ukuba awuvumi ukuphengulula kwaye unqwenela ukuthetha negqwetha.

Xa kumiswa imoto, awukhululekanga ukuhamba de umphathi akuxelele oku. Kodwa ungabuza, “Ngaba ndikhululekile ukuya?” Ukuba igosa lithi ewe, ungahamba ngenqwelo-mafutha ngokuzolileyo. Ukuba umphathi-mikhosi uthi hayi, uyabanjwa, kwaye kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo ngoxa ucela amalungelo akho ngokuyimfuneko.

Ukudibana Kwabantu Ezitratweni: Xa Umisiwe Kodwa Ungabanjwanga

Amapolisa angaya kuwe esitratweni ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo: ingxelo yamangqina, ukuma okukrokrelekayo (ngokufuthi kubizwa ngokuba “kukuma kweTerry” emva [[FLT: 0]] Terry v.Ohio), okanye incoko elula. Kwezi meko, amalungelo akho ahlukile kancinci.

  • Buza ukuba ukhululekile ukuhamba. Ukuba awuvalelwanga, unelungelo lokuhamba. Imbeko isithi “Andikhululeki ukuthetha, ndikhululekile ukuhamba?” Yanele.
  • Ukuba umphathi uthi akukhululekilenga ukuhamba, uyabanjwa. Igosa lingayifaka phantsi impahla yakho yangaphandle ukuba linengqiqo yokukrokra ukuba uxhobile kwaye uyingozi. Ungaxhathi ngokomzimba ifrisk, kodwa ngokucacileyo uthi, “Andikufuni ukukhangela.”
  • [[UMTL:0] Akufunekanga uphendule imibuzo. Ungathi, “Ndisebenzisa ilungelo lam lokuthula kwaye ndingathanda ukuthetha negqwetha." ngoko ke ndithi cwaka.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ungaphumi. ukubaleka kunganika amapolisa ukrokra olusengqiqweni lokukusukela nokukuthintela, nokuba akukwenzi nto iphosakeleyo. Yima phantsi uzolile.

Amapolisa avumelekile ukuba akubuze imibuzo ngaphandle kokukufundela amalungelo akho eMiranda logama nje ungabanjwanga. Oko kuthetha ukuba nantoni na ongayithethayo isenokusetyenziswa kuwe kamva. Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kukungaphenduli ngentlonelo.

Amalungelo Akho Ngoxa Ubanjiwe

Ukuba ubanjwa, le nkqubo iba yeqhelekileyo. Amalungelo akho akwinqanaba lawo elinamandla.

  • [[FLT: 0] Ungaxhathisi ukubanjwa. Ukuxhathisa ukubanjwa lulwaphulo-mthetho olwahlukileyo kumazwe amaninzi, nokuba ukubanjwa ngokwako akuvumelekanga. Phosa ekubambeni nasekulweni umthetho kamva enkundleni.
  • Qhuba ilungelo lakho lokuthula kwanelungelo lakho kwigqwetha ngoko nangoko. Yithi, “Ndizakuthi cwaka. Ndifuna igqwetha." Emva koko, musa ukuthetha nto inye, hayi kwanentetho encinane. Nayiphi na into othethayo izakusetyenziswa nxamnye nawe, nokuba ucinga ukuba uluncedo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Musa ukuvuma nakuphi na ukuphendla. Usele uthe awuvumi. Ukuba bakuphendla nje, musa ukuphazamisana ngokomzimba.
  • [[UMTL:0] Unelungelo lokwazi izityholo. Buza, “Ndibekwa ityala lantoni?" Umphathi makakuxelele isizathu sokubanjwa.
  • Unelungelo lokufowunela omnye umnxeba. Kusebenzise ukufowna igqwetha okanye ilungu lentsapho elithembekileyo elinokukuqesha igqwetha. Musa ukuxoxa ngetyala lakho kwimfonomfono- mfono------ police kusenokuba kukuhlola umnxeba.

Kuthekani Ukuba Amalungelo AseMiranda Angekhoyo?

Ukungabikho kwezilumkiso zika Miranda akuthethi ukuba ityala lakho liza kurhoxiswa. UMiranda uyakukhusela ekusetyenzisweni yindlela othetha ngayo ngexesha lomtshutshisi. Ukuba wenza amanqaku ngaphandle kokulumkiswa, ezo ngxelo zingacinywa (zikhutshelwe ngaphandle) ekulingweni. Noko ke, obunye ubungqina obuqokelelwe ngokwahlukeneyo (njengobungqina obubonakalayo okanye ubungqina) bungasetyenziswa. Ukuba uncinwa emva kokuncinwa kwamalungelo akho, naziphina iingxelo ozenzayo zisenokungasetyenziswa.

Ukusingatha Uphando Nokwethuka: Oko Kufuneka Wazi

Enye yeengongoma eziqhelekileyo zokungavisisani kuxa amapolisa efuna ukuphengulula ikhaya lakho, inqwelo - mafutha okanye umntu.

Ukuphanda Ngomntu Wakho

Amapolisa afuna isiqinisekiso, isizathu esinokwenzeka, okanye imvume yakho ukuphendla iipokotho zakho, iingxowa, okanye impahla. Ngexesha lokuma kukaTerry, angenza ifrisk (engaphandle) yezixhobo kuphela. Ukuba igosa lifikelela epokothweni yakho ngaphandle kwesizathu esisebenzayo, into ngokucacileyo. Kumazwe amaninzi, kufuneka ukuba unike igama lakho ngexesha lokumisa ukuba igosa licela, kodwa akudingeki ukuba uphendule eminye imibuzo.

Uphando Lwesivalo Sakho

Amapolisa angaphengulula imoto yakho ngaphandle kwemvume ukuba anokuba nesizathu esilindelekileyo (umz., abona iziyobisi zibonwa ngokulula okanye zihonjiswe ngomjumba). Basenokuphengulula ukuba uyavuma. Ukuba igosa liyabuza, “Uyathanda ukuba ndikhangele ?” yithi, “Andivumi ukuphendla. Ukuba baqhubeka, uyala ukubhaliswa kwaye uyasetyenziswa enkundleni. Noko ke, ukuba ubanjiwe, amapolisa angaphendla kwigumbi labakhweli lenqwelo-mafutha yakho ukuze abambe (ngaphanzi isiganeko sokubanjwa”.

Ukuphanda Ngekhaya Lakho

Amapolisa afuna isiqinisekiso sokungena nokukhangela ikhaya lakho. Ukuba ankqonkqoza acele ukungena, unelungelo lokulandula. Musa ukubavumela ukuba bangene ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso. Ukuba banesiqinisekiso, ungacela ukuyibona kwaye uyifunde ukuqinisekisa ukuba igquma iindawo abazifunayo. Ukuba imvume ayisebenzi, okanye ukuba igqitha ububanzi bayo, igqwetha lakho lingayicel ’ umngeni kamva. Ukuba awubanjwa, akuyomfuneko ukuba uvule umnyango wegosa lamapolisa ngaphandle kokuba banogunyaziso okanye kukho ungxamiseko (umz., bayava okanye bayabona umsi).

Uphando Olungamkelekanga: Isizathu Sokuba Ufanele Usoloko Usithi Hayi

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukuba abananto yokufihla, kufuneka bavume kwisicelo. Le yimpazamo. Nokuba umsulwa, ungabekwa ityala ngento ongayilindelanga (njengento encinane elawulwa ngumntu oshiywe emotweni yakho). Okubaluleke ngakumbi, vuma uvume amalungelo akho eSigqibo sesine. Ukuba uthi ewe, akunakuthi kamva uphengululo lungekho mthethweni. Usoloko uthi, “Andikuvumeli ukuphendla,” nokuba uvakalelwa kukuba ucinezelwe. Musa ukukwenza uvakalelwe ukuba ungavumi ukukrokraza.

Oko Umele Ukwenze Ukuba Amalungelo Akho Aphulwayo

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe, thabatha la manyathelo ukuze uzikhusele uze wakhe ityala.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Zigcine uzolile kwaye ungaxambuli okanye uxhathise. Ukhuseleko lwakho luyinto ephambili. Ungafuna okusesikweni kamva.
  • Uxwebhu yonke into ngokukhawuleza. Bhala phantsi umhla, ixesha, indawo, igama legosa kunye nenombolo yebheji, inombolo yemoto ejikelezayo (ukuba iyabonakala), kunye nengxelo eneenkcukacha yoko kwenzekileyo. Quka nawaphi na amangqina.
  • Ubungqina obugciniweyo. Ukuba unevidiyo okanye iirekhodi zefowuni yakho okanye i-scrashcam, sukuzicima. Gcina iscreenshot kuzo naziphina iingingqi ze intanethi. Ukuba ubukhangelwe, phawula oko kuthathiwe apho.
  • ifayile yesikhalazo. Isebe ngalinye lamapolisa linecandelo langaphakathi okanye ibhodi yabaveleli. Ifayile isikhalazo esibhaliweyo esisemthethweni. Zigcinele ikopi. Nokuba ngaba awucinga ukuba izakukunceda, izikhalazo zibhaliwe kwaye zinokuba luncedo ekumangaleleni okanye ekuphengululeni imigaqo kunye nokuqhelisela uphando.
  • Igqwetha elinamava lingakucebisa ukuba unazo na izizathu zokumangalelana phantsi kweCandelo 1983 (42 U.S.C. . . 1983) ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo akho omGaqo-siseko. Unganikwa ilungelo lokwenza uphando olungekho mthethweni, ukubanjwa kobuxoki, okanye amandla agqithisileyo.

Ukongeza, imibutho enjenge ALU inikela ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha kunye nezibonelelo kwiimeko ezithile, kuquka ukuqhankqalaza nokubanjwa nokunxibelelana okunxulumene nokugcinwa komsebenzi wokufuduka. ICornell Information Institute [ inika inkcazelo ecacileyo yemithetho yokuyeka-fulisk kunye nemithetho ye- Terry v. umgangatho.

Ukucingela Ngokukhethekileyo Kwiimeko Ezithile

Ukudibana Kwamapolisa Ekhaya

Ukuba amapolisa afika emnyango wakho, akunyanzelekanga ukuba uyivule. Buza ngomnyango, “Ngaba kukho isiqinisekiso?” Ukuba banaso isiqinisekiso, basenokunyanzela ukungena. Ukuba abanaso isiqinisekiso, ungathetha ngomdla ungakufuni ukuthetha nawo kwaye uvale umnyango. Musa ukulala malunga nokuba usekhaya okanye ungomnye umntu okhoyo. Ukuba ungaphandle kwekhaya lakho, unezinto ezimbalwa zokukukhusela, kodwa uyakwazi ukugcina amalungelo akho eSihlanu nowesihlanu weSiphemi.

Iindawo zokukhangela ze-DUI

Kwindawo yokuhlola i-DUI, amapolisa angamisa inqwelo-mafutha yakho ngaphandle kokukrokreleka. Kufuneka ukuba ume uze unike imvume yakho kunye nobhaliso. Noko ke, akuyomfuneko ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngaphaya koko. Ungalandula ukwenza uvavanyo lokungalawuleki (ukuhamba kwilayini ethe ngqo, njl.njl.) kodwa ukwenza njalo kungaphumela kwilayisensi exhotyisiweyo kumazwe athile. Ungakwala uvavanyo lokuphefumla nge-freyzer, kodwa phantsi kwemithetho engqinisiweyo, ukwala ukukhomba okuqhelekileyo ukukhokelela kwilayisensi ezenzekelayo yomqhubi. Awunako ukulwamvavanyo lwegazi ukuba amapolisa afumana imvume, nto iqhelekile. Okona kukwenza ukulungele ukuthobela ngokuthoba nezicelo zakho ngokusemthethweni nokuziqhelisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula.

Uqhagamshelwano noNxulumaniso

Ukuba uyakwazi ukunxibelelana no-Immigration kunye neNkcubeko (ICE) okanye uMda wePatrol, amalungelo akho ahlukile. Wonke umntu e-U.S., kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungumgaqo-siseko, unamalungelo athile phantsi komGaqo-siseko. Unelungelo lokuhlala uthulile kwaye ungavumi ukuvuma ukuphengulula. Akufuneki ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngemeko yakho yokufuduka. Ukuba awungommi we-U.S., unelungelo lokuqhagamshelana nomntu wakho we-burhulumente. Kubalulekile ukuphatha “Alamkela amaLungelo akho” kunye nawe, onokufumana kwimibutho efana [[FLT:] i-IMqumga yokwasemthethweni. [FLT]

Ukuqhatha Nokubonana Kwamapolisa

Ngexesha loqhankqalazo, amapolisa asenokusebenzisa iindlela zokulawula isihlwele ezilinganisela amalungelo akho. Usanelungelo lokushicilela umsebenzi wamapolisa (emphakathini) lo gama nje ungaphazamisani nemisebenzi yawo. Ukuba umphathi-mikhosi ukuxelela ukuba uhambele phambili, kufuneka wenze njalo ukuba ukwingingqi apho indibano engekho mthethweni ivakalisiwe. Noko ke, unelungelo lokuba kwizithuba zikawonke-wonke. Usoloko ugcina izandla zakho zibonakala kwaye uphephe ukunxiba nantoni na enokuphazanyiswa sisixhobo. Ukuba ubanjiwe, sebenzisa amalungelo akho ngoko nangoko. [[FLT: 0]]

Isiphelo

Ukwazi amalungelo akho akukokuba ulwe nomthetho onyanzelisayo, kodwa kukukuzikhusela ekuphathweni nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokusesikweni isebenza ngokusesikweni kubo bonke abantu. Elona cebo lilungileyo kukuthoba, ukuzola, nokuqina. Ngokuthetha: “Ndiqhelisela ilungelo lam lokuhlala ndithulile kwaye ndifuna igqwetha.”

La mabinzana alula, anikelwa ngentlonelo, angenza umahluko phakathi kokudibana nocwangciso lwesiqhelo kunye nalawo akhulayo kube kukuphulwa kwenkululeko yakho yasekuhlaleni. Ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwa, khumbula ukuba ucele uncedo ngezikhalazo, imvume engokwasemthethweni, kunye neenkundla. Zigcine ukhuselekile, ungaze uthandabuze ukucela uncedo olusemthethweni.

Kwinkcukacha ezithe kratya, jonga i ACLU’s Yazi Amalungelo Akho iphepha, iCornell Law School of Fournce Amendment compressure , kunye ne U.S. imbali yeNtsimbi yeNkqulu yeNkqubela yeSigqibo soHlu [.