Ukuchaza Amandla Ezobupolitika Nemilinganiselo Yawo

Igunya lezobupolitika lelona siseko siphambili kwizifundo zikarhulumente, zembali, nezebutho labantu. Kwigunya lalo elincinane, lezobupolitika lingubuchule bokuphembelela okanye ukulawula izenzo, iinkolelo, okanye ukuziphatha kwabanye, ingakumbi ngokwemo yegunya nobomi babantu. Lingunobangela wezigqibo malunga nokuba ngubani ofumana oko, nini, nini, yaye njani, kwaye kuchaphazela yonke into ukususela kwinkqubo yasekuhlaleni ukuya kulwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe.

Isazinzulu sezobupolitika uRobert Dahl wachaza amandla adumileyo ngokwezihlomelo: A unamandla phezu ko B ngokomlinganiselo apho A angafumana u B ukwenza into engazukwenza. Oku kuyila kuthatha intsingiselo yamandla njengentsebenziswano enamandla. Noko ke, abaphengululi baye bandisa le ngqiqo ngokuphawulekayo. Steven Lukas, kumsebenzi wakhe we-antel [FLT: 0] amandla: Imbono epheleleyo [[, icebise imigangatho emithathu yamandla: ukwenziwa kwesigqibo (ubuchule bokuphumelela kwimpikiswano), amandla okulawula imibandela eqwalaselwayo), kunye namandla enkqubo (ubuchule bokulungisa ukumila nokuqonda (ubuchule bokulungisa izinto nokuqonda).

Ukuqonda apho igunya lezobupolitika livela khona kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofunda imbali, inzululwazi yezobupolitika, okanye imimandla yoluntu. Amandla akaphumi kwimithombo engaziwayo, aguquka ngokwembali, kwaye afanele akhuphiswe aze atshintshwe. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa imithombo eyintloko yegunya lezobupolitika, iinguqulelo zalo zembali, iinguqu zembali, isiseko senkcazo yembali esisetyenziswa ukucingisisa, kunye nembonakalo yalo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Owona Mthombo Wamandla Ezobupolitika

Igunya lezobupolitika aliveli kwizinto ezisisiseko ezinika abantu, amaziko, okanye amaqela amandla okulawula, ukuphembelela okanye ukunyanzela.

Ukuba Ngumgunyazi Njengesiseko Samandla

Umthetho ukwamkelwa kwegunya ngabo balawulwayo. Xa abantu bekholelwa ukuba umlawuli, urhulumente, okanye iziko linelungelo lokusebenzisa igunya, bayavumelana nokuzikhethela. uMax Weber, omnye wezona zininzi zinempembelelo kwibutho labantu, wachaza iintlobo ezintathu ezifanelekileyo zegunya elisemthethweni.

Igunya lesithethe lixhomekeke kwiinkolelo ezisunguliweyo zobungcwele bezithethe nezithethe ezidala. Ookumkani, iinkosana zesizwe, kunye neenkqubo zelifa lemveli bafumana ilungelo labo lokwamkeleka ngenxa yobunzima bembali. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, igunya lolawulo lomntu lisuka kwiimfanelo zobuqu zenkokeli. Abaprofeti, iinkokeli zemvukelo, kunye nabaguquli abanamandla anamandla anamandla aguqulayo baphembelela ukuzinikela nokunyaniseka okusekelwe kwimbonakalo yabo eqwalaselweyo okanye kubugorha. Igunya lokwasemthethweni lisiseko samazwe akhoyo ngedemokhrasi. Igunya elisekelwe kwinkqubo yemithetho emiselweyo, iinkqubo zenkqubo, kunye nemithetho ephakamileyo. Abantu abathobelayo abathobelayo ngenxa yesithethe okanye ye-charsalism, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokunyaniseka ibonwa njengesemthethweni.

Xa kutshatyalaliswa ngokusemthethweni, igunya lezobupolitika liba buthathaka.

Ukujijeka nokusetyenziswa komkhosi

I-coercion ibandakanya isisongelo okanye ukusebenzisa amandla ngokwenene ukunyanzela ukuthobela. Luhlobo olungqalileyo nolubonakalayo lwegunya. Kulawulo oluneedemon, ukunyanzelisa kudla ngokuba sisixhobo esiyintloko sokulawula. Amapolisa asese, umkhosi, ukuvalelwa entolongweni, nogonyamelo zisetyenziselwa ukucinezela ukungavumelani nokulawula. Noko ke, nakuluntu olulawulwa ngedemokhrasi, urhulumente unegunya elisemthethweni lokusebenzisa imikhosi, njengoko kuchazwe nguWeber.

Ukukhongozela kuhlobo olubiza imali eninzi lwegunya. Kufuna uhlolo oluqhubekayo, ukunyanzelisa, nokuvuma ukwenza umonakalo. Kukwabangela ingqumbo kunye nokuchasa. Iinkqubo ezizinzileyo zezobupolitika zixhomekeke kumanyano lomthetho kunye nokunyanzelwa. Ezona zixhobo zisebenzayo zilawulayo zinciphisa imfuneko yokunyanzeleka kwamandla angaphaya komthetho ngokuhlakulela ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwegunya lazo.

Impembelelo Nempembelelo

Asingawo onke amandla ezobupolitika axhomekeke kwigunya okanye kwigunya elisemthethweni. Impembelelo bubuchule bokubumba iinkolelo, imilinganiselo, kunye nezenzo zabanye ngokuphembelela, isiphumezi-miyalelo, okanye umzekelo. Olu hlobo lwamandla lusetyenziswa yimibutho yezonxibelelwano, iinkcubeko, iinkokeli zonqulo, abaxhasi, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo. Ingcamango yokuba namandla athambileyo, aphuhliswa yinzululwazi yezobupolitika uJoseph Nye, ithatha lo mqatha. Amandla athambileyo anamandla okutsala nokunyanzelana kunokuba anyanzele. Ivela kwizithethe, imilinganiselo yezobupolitika, kunye nemigaqo yezentlalo yangaphandle ebonwa njengefanelekileyo nenomtsalayo.

Kuluntu olulawulwa ngedemokhrasi, impembelelo iboniswa ngengxoxo kawonke-wonke, amaphulo okuxhasa inzala-mali, kunye neengcamango zentengiso. Amaqela ezobupolitika, amaqela anomdla, nemibutho yoluntu ikhuphisana ukuze ibumbe uluntu ngokubanzi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Amandla okunyanzelisa abaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwimeko apho igunya elimiselweyo libuthathaka okanye likhuphiswane.

Ulawulo phezu kwezibonelelo

Amandla ezobupolitika akwasekelwe ekulawuleni oovimba abachaphazelekayo. Ezi ziquka ubutyebi, ulwazi, ubugcisa, amandla, umhlaba, kunye nolawulo lomkhosi. Amandla ezoqoqosho aguqulela ngqo kwigunya lezobupolitika. Abantu kunye neenkampani ezinobutyebi banokuxhasa amaphulo ezobupolitika, abaququzeleli bomthetho, kunye nokubumba intetho yesidlangalala ngoosomashishini. Ulwazi lungumthombo obalulekileyo obalulekileyo kwisizukulwana sezobugcisa. Abo balawula ulwazi, imithetho-mthetho, kunye nemigangatho yonxibelelwano banamandla abalulekileyo okubumba iingxelo kunye neziphumo zezobupolitika.

Ulawulo lobuncwane bendalo, njenge-oyile, izimbiwa, okanye amanzi, anganika igunya elikhulu lezobupolitika kumazwe nakwimimandla. Umazwe acebileyo asoloko enempembelelo engathethekiyo kwimicimbi yehlabathi jikelele. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuxhomekeka kwezibonelelo kungenza ubuqhetseba kunye nemijikelo yokunganyaniseki. Ukuqonda ulawulo lwemijelo kunceda kucacisa isizathu sokuba amaqela athile okanye amazwe agcine igunya nangona engenagunya ledemokhrasi.

Igunya lichasene negunya. Amandla: Umahluko obalulekileyo

Amagama anamandla negunya asoloko esetyenziswa ngokufanayo, kodwa abhekisela kwiingcamango ezahlukileyo. Amandla kumandla okuphembelela indlela yokuziphatha. Igunya liluhlobo oluthile lwamandla olugqalwa njengolufanelekileyo. Xa umntu enegunya, imiyalelo yakhe iyathotyelwa kuba ibonwa njengenelungelo lokuzincina. Igosa elikhokela iinqwelo-moya linegunya.

Lo mahluko ubalulekileyo ekuqondeni ukuzinza kwezobupolitika. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe ngokubhekiselele ekunyanzeleni zifuna ukunyanzeliswa okuqhubekayo kwaye azizinzi. Iinkqubo ezihlakulela igunya zingenelwa kukuthobela ngokuzithandela, okunobuchule obungalawulekiyo nokuhlala ixesha elide. Ucelomngeni olukhulu lolawulo lwezobupolitika kukwakha nokugcina igunya kunokuthembela kumandla angenakuguqulwa. Yiyo le nto imimiselo, umthetho, kunye neenkqubo zedemokhrasi zibaluleke kakhulu. Ziguqula igunya libe ligunya ngokuliphakamisa phakathi kwesiseko esisetyenziswa ngabantu.

Utshintsho Olungokwembali Kumandla Ezobupolitika

Imithombo nezakhiwo zegunya lezobupolitika ziye zatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kwimbali yoluntu. Ixesha ngalinye liye lavelisa uhlobo lwalo olubalaseleyo lwamandla, olusekelwe kwiimeko zentlalo, zezoqoqosho nezobugcisa zelo xesha.

Amandla Kwimpucuko Yamandulo

Kubukhosi bamandulo obunjengeYiputa, iMesopotami, iTshayina, neRoma, igunya lezobupolitika lalidla ngokujoliswe kwizandla zomlawuli omnye owayesithi unegunya lobuthixo okanye elinguThixo. UFaro, umlawuli okanye ukumkani wayebonwa njengommeli woothixo emhlabeni. Ulawulo lwaluzuzwa njengefa, kwaye ukuchaswa kwakuphathwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho lwezopolitiko kunye nokunxaxhathisa konqulo. La maqela ayexhomekeke kakhulu kwizithethe nakunqulo ukuze agunyaze, edityaniswe yimikhosi kunye nabaphathi abaphezulu. Ulwamkhamkelo lwamandla kumntu omnye oluvumeleke kwimisebenzi emikhulu enjengenkqubo yokufunxafuthela, iitempile, nemikhosi, kodwa kwakhona alwakhe imikhosi, xa iinkokeli zibuthathaka okanye zibuthathaka.

Inkqubo Encinane Namandla Acuthiweyo

Kumazwe aphakathi, ulawulo lwezopolitiko lwathatha uhlobo olwahlukileyo. Igunya lengingqi lelizwe layalela uthungelwano lwezikhulu, izalathiso, kunye nookumkani. Ilizwe lalisisiseko solawulo lwelizwe. inkosi yayilawula amasimi nabantu ababephila kuwo, ngenxa yokunyaniseka nenkonzo yezomkhosi kwizikhulu eziphezulu okanye isithsaba. Igunya lalingomntu ngamnye, wasekuhlaleni, kwaye lingumsebenzi othe ngqo kunabantu abangekho ngqiqweni. ICawa yamaKatolika yayikwanegunya elikhulu kwezobupolitika, iphikisana nabalawuli behlabathi kwaye inika nomthombo wegunya elivela kwamanye amazwe.

Amandla ahlulahlulwe kwaye adla ngokukhuphisana. Imfazwe engaguqukiyo, ukutshintshana, kunye nokungabikho kwamazwana aphakathi athetha ukuba igunya lasetyenziswa ngendlela ephezulu neyamahlelo. Le nkqubo ekugqibeleni yanikezela ekunyukeni kwezizwe ezisembindini, ezaqinisa igunya kwimikhosi yookumkani kwaye kamva kumaqumrhu abameli.

Ukukhanyiselwa Nokuzalwa Kolongamo Oluthandwayo

Ukukhanyiselwa kwenkulungwane ye-17 neyeshumi elinesibhozo kwayicel ’ umngeni imvelaphi yesithethe yegunya lezobupolitika. Abacingisi abafana noJohn Locke, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, noMontesquieu baphikisa ngelithi igunya elisemthethweni lezobupolitika lixhomekeke ekuvumeni kwabalawulwayo. Ingcamango yolawulo oluqhelekileyo yalisusa ilungelo elingokobuthixo lookumkani. Ingcamango kaRousseau yesivumelwano sentlalo ebambelele ekubeni igunya lezobupolitika lidalwe ngabantu, abavuma ukulawulwa ngenxa yokukhuselwa nokulungileyo okuqhelekileyo.

Ezi ngcamango zakhuthaza ienguqu eMelika, eFransi nakwezinye iindawo. Isindululo saseMerika sokuzimela geqe kunye neSindululo samaFrentshi samaLungelo oMntu kunye nowaMasipala zombini zangqina ukuba oorhulumente bafumana igunya labo elisesikweni ngokuvumelana nabalawuli. Oku kwakungutshintsho oluguqulayo. Igunya lezobupolitika lalingasabonwa njengento ebekwe phezulu ukusuka phezulu. Yayiyinto eyayivela ebantwini, eyayiboniswa ngonyulo, ngomkhuthumo, nangemiqathango yomgaqo-siseko kwigunya likarhulumente.

Imikhosi yale mihla kunye namandla omGaqo-siseko

Kule mihla, igunya lezobupolitika elikwinkqubo yedemokhrasi lenziwe ngomgaqo-siseko, imithetho, kunye neenkqubo zonyulo. Amandla ahlulwe phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente ukuze athintele ukuxinana kwawo. Iingqiniselo nolungelelwano, urhulumente, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela inkululeko yabemi zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba igunya lisetyenziswa ukuphendulana kwaye lihlonelwa ngamalungelo omntu ngamnye. Ulawulo lunikela inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokufudusa ngoxolo igunya. Amaqela ezobupolitika, amaqela enzala, kunye namajelo-media asebenza njengeedipolathisi phakathi kwabemi nesizwe.

Noko ke, ulawulo-demokhrasi lwale mihla lukwaneengxaki. Ukunyuka kwegunya elilawulayo, impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika, nokukhukuliseka kwezithethe zedemokhrasi kwamanye amazwe kuye kwabangela inkxalabo ngempilo yolawulo-demokhrasi. Uxanduva oluphakathi kolawulo lomntu odumileyo namandla aphezulu lusoloko lungundoqo kubomi bezobupolitika banamhlanje.

Imbono Enkulu Ngegunya Lezobupolitika

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika nezazi ngentlalo ziye zavelisa iindlela eziliqela zokuqonda indlela amandla asebenza ngayo kwibutho labantu.

Imbono YePluralist

Izazi-lwazi zezobupolitika ziphikisa ngelithi amandla ezobupolitika asasazekile phakathi kwamaqela amaninzi akhuphisanayo kwibutho labantu. Endaweni yoko, akukho qela linye lilawulayo. Amaqela alo ahlukeneyo aphembelela inkqubo kwimiba eyahlukeneyo. Idemokhrasi, kule mbono, yintengiso yezilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo. Unyuso, ukukhuthaza, kunye nolawulo lukawonke wonke lunika amathuba amaninzi ukuze amaqela asebenzise impembelelo. URobert Dahl's ufundisiso lwentsha Haven, Connecticut, [[FLT:] ngubani olawulayo?[FLT: 1] ngumbhalo wobuninzi. Plustristism ujonga imeko njengomntu ongowengindileleneyo ukuba aphendule kwi-e-artriter.

Icebo Lokulawula Iinqwelo - moya

I-Elitist iphikisa imbono yokuba amandla ajoliswe kwiqela elincinane, elinelungelo. C. Wright Mills, kwi- IGunya Elite, iphikisa ukuba iqela elincedisanayo leenkokeli kwinkampani, umkhosi, kunye nemimandla yezobupolitika ilawula izigqibo ezisemgangathweni eUnited States. Ezi ziphakamile ziyabelana ngeemvelaphi ezifanayo, izilangazelelo, kunye nezibonelelo zehlabathi. Zineenkqubo ezingundoqo zebutho labantu kwaye zenze izigqibo ezinceda izilangazelelo zabo, ngokufuthi kwinkcitho yoluntu olubanzi. Ingcamango ye-Elitis igxininisa umgangatho wobuchule bokusebenzisa amandla enyani abantu abaqhelekileyo ezobupolitika.

Uhlalutyo LobuMarx

Ingcamango yobuMarx ijonga igunya lezobupolitika njengelibonakalisa amandla ezoqoqosho. Kule mbono, urhulumente, lisixhobo sokulawula udidi. Udidi olulawulayo, olunendlela yokuvelisa, lusebenzisa urhulumente ukugcina iingenelo zalo zezoqoqosho kwaye lucinezele iingxaki ezivela kudidi olusebenzayo. Igunya lezobupolitika alingobundindi. Lisixhobo sokugcina inkqubo yobukhapitali. Uphengululo lukaMarx lugxininisa kwiindlela eziguqulela ubungalingani bezoqoqosho kwinani lezobupolitika, kwaye lucela ukuguqula utshintsho lwentlalo-ntlalo luye kulawulo olungenawo amandla alinganayo ngokulinganayo.

Iingcebiso Zokufumana Amalungelo Amabhinqa

Ingcamango yezobupolitika yabafazi iye yandisa ukuqondwa kwegunya ukuquka amaqela alawulayo. Abaphengululi ababhinqileyo baphikisa ngelithi iingcamango ezingokwesithethe zegunya ziye zazityeshela iindlela izakhiwo zoobhishophu ezibumba ubomi bezobupolitika. Amandla awasetyenziswa kuphela kumaqumrhu asesikweni ezobupolitika. Asebenza entsatsheni, emsebenzini, nakwizenzo zenkcubeko. Iindlela zokuhlola indlela amabhinqa namanye amaqela aphantsi kolawulo lwezipolitiko nendlela imigaqo yentlalo eye yazicekisa ngayo ezi zimngeni. Ingcamango yokunikwa amandla kungundoqo wokucingela ingcelelelo oluphambili, igxininisa ukubaluleka kwezenzo zeqela kunye nengqiqo-raye-inski njengezixhobo zokuguqula ulwalamano lwamandla.

Ulawulo Lwezobupolitika Kulo Mhlaba

Inkulungwane yama-21 ivelise izinto ezintsha ezitshintsha imvelaphi namandla ezobupolitika. Ubugcisa, ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ipopulism, kunye nentlalo zidla ngokutshintsha iindima.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye noTshintsho lwamanani lwamandla

I-intanethi kunye nemigangatho yezentlalo yezonxibelelwano iye yaguqula ngokusisiseko indlela igunya lezobupolitika elisetyenziswa ngayo kwaye liphikiswa. Oorhulumente basebenzisa izixhobo zamanani ukuqwalasela, ukuqhatha, kunye nokulawula. Ulawulo lobucukubhede-mthetho luye lwavelisa iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokuhlola ukuchasana kwamanani ukuze lucinezele ukuchasana. Oorhulumente bedemokhrasi bakwakwano nocelomngeni olunxulumene nokurhoxa kwe-information, ukuphazamisana namandla eenkampani zobugcisa ezilawula ubuninzi bogcino-lwazi.

Kwangaxeshanye, ubugcisa bezobugcisa buye banika abemi amandla. Izixhobo zoluntu zinceda ukuhlanganisa ngokukhawuleza, njengokuba kubonwa kwimibutho enjenge-Arabian Spring, ukuqhankqalaza kwe-promocracy eHong Kong, kunye nesenzo sobugrafisi esikhokelwa ngabantu abaselula. Imigangatho ye-intanethi inikela ezinye imithombo yolwazi kwaye ivumela amazwi aphantsi komhlaba ukuba afikelele kubantu ababukeli behlabathi. Amandla exesha leminyaka yemichini asajikeleza, kodwa kucacile ukuba ukulawula ulwazi kunye nobuchule bonxibelelwano ngoku kungumgca ongundoqo wezopolitiko.

Ukudityaniswa Kwehlabathi Namandla Azwenibanzi

Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kushenxise amanye amandla ezobupolitika kumazwe ngamazwe, kumazwe ngamazwe, imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe, kunye nee-intanethi eziphesheya komhlaba wonke. Imibutho enjengeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, iWorld Trade Organization, kunye neZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zeNgxowa-mali yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zinempembelelo ephawulekayo kwiinkqubo zesizwe. Imibutho enemirhumo yehlabathi lonke kunye neengeniso ezinkulu kuneemali ezininzi zezoqoqosho zelizwe ezinamandla amakhulu.

Oku kunwenwa kwamandla kubangela amathuba kunye nocelomngeni. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ibalulekile ekucombululeni iingxaki zehlabathi ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, izifo ezimandundu, nokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho. Noko ke, ukubhukuqwa kolawulo lwesizwe nempembelelo yabadlali behlabathi abangenakuchazwa iye yakhuthaza ukubuyela ekulawuleni okuthe kratya.

Ukuvela Kwepopulist Nocelomngeni Lwayo Lokumisela Amandla

IPopulist imela ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo lokumisela igunya lezobupolitika kwidemokhrasi ezininzi. Iinkokeli zePopulist kunye nemibutho ithi imela abantu abaqhelekileyo nxamnye neqonga elibolileyo nelingalawulwayo. Badla ngokugatya amaziko esithethe anjengeenkundla, amajelo-ndaba, kunye nenkonzo yasekuhlaleni njengengekho mthethweni. I-Populiism ixhaphakile kwingqiqo yokuba igunya lezobupolitika libanjiwe ngabantu abaphezulu abaxinene kwaye abemi abaqhelekileyo baye baphulukana nokulawula ubomi babo noorhulumente babo.

Imibutho yepopulist ingaqinisa inxaxheba yedemokhrasi ngokuququzelela abemi ababengathathi-nxaxheba. Noko ke, basenokuyenza buthathaka imibutho yedemokhrasi, banciphise umthetho, banciphise ukufaneleka kwenkcaso. Ulwalamano phakathi kobupopulism namandla ezobupolitika lunzima kwaye luthanda ukuphikiswa. Ukuqonda i-pupulaluism kufuna ingqalelo kwizizathu ezingundoqo zayo, kuquka ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, iinguqulelo zenkcubeko, kunye nokusilela kwamaqela amakhulu ezobupolitika.

Imisebenzi yoNtlalo njengemimeli yeSivuzo samandla

Inkqubela-ntle yoluntu ibisoloko iyisisixhobo sokucel ’ umngeni izakhiwo zamandla ezikhoyo kunye neenguqu ezifuna ingqwalaselo. Ukusuka kumbutho wamalungelo abantu ukuya kumlo wokulingana komtshato, ukususela ekulungiseni abasebenzi ukuya ekulungiseni intlalo-ntle, imibutho ikhuthaza ukunyanzelisa oorhulumente namaqumrhu. Inkqubela ephumelelayo iguqula uluvo lukawonke-wonke, iinguqu zenkqubo, yaye maxa wambi iguqula kanye ezo zixhobo zolawulo.

Imibutho yangoku enjenge Black Live Matter, [[FLT: 0] Meo Too, kunye noLwesihlanu lwexesha elizayo ibonisa ukuqhubekeka kobuvuvu bengca kuqhubekeka kumsebenzi wezopolitiko. Le ntshukumo isebenzisa umdibaniso woqhankqalazo, ukuqhatha okusemthethweni, ukuququzelelana komthetho, ulawulo lolawulo lolawulo, kunye nocwangciso lonyuselo lokuqhubela phambili iinjongo zazo. Ibonisa ukuba amandla ezobupolitika awalungiswangalungiswa. Angakhiwa, angakhuphiswa, kwaye axhatshazwa ngomzamo ozinziswayo.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuqonda Amandla Ezobupolitika Kubalulekile

Uphando ngegunya lezobupolitika asiyonto nje elula, lunentsingiselo enzulu kubemi, kubafundisi nakwabaqulunqi bemithetho.

Okokuqala, yenza ukuba abemi abanolwazi. Izakhamuzi eziyiqondayo imithombo namandla egunya lezobupolitika zixhotyiswe bhetele ukuba zivavanye iingcamango zezobupolitika, zigcine iinkokeli zinetyala, zize zibe nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ziyakwazi ukubona ngaphaya kobuchule bokuthetha nokubona iminqweno kunye nemikhosi ekhuthaza izigqibo zenkqubo.

Okwesibini, ixhasa ukuphendulelwa ityala. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwegunya elisemthethweni nengcinezelo engacinezelwanga kunceda abemi bafune ukuba abantu babonakale, banamathele kumthetho, bathobele ulawulo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Xa abantu beqonda igunya, abanakulwamkela ukuphathwa kakubi okanye ubuzwilakhe.

Okwesithathu, inika amandla amaqela asezantsi. Ukuqonda imilinganiselo yamandla kwenza abantu abasweleyo bakwazi ukubona imiqobo abajamelana nayo nokuvelisa iindlela zokutshintsha. Amandla ezobupolitika asingomdlalo we-zero-sum. Anokuveliswa ngokulungelelanisa, imfundo, kunye nezenzo ezidibeneyo. Ulwazi ngendlela amandla asebenza ngayo luluhlobo lwamandla ngokwalo.

Okwesine, ingxubusho yezobupolitika idla ngokubangela ukuba imibandela enzima ibe ziintetho ezilula.

Isiphelo

Ulawulo lwezobupolitika luyiprojekthi enamandla neneentlobo-ntlobo. Lusekelwe ekusebenziseni igunya, ekunyanzeleni, ekulawuleni, nasekulawuleni ubuncwane. Luye lwavela ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kulawulo lobukumkani bobuthixo behlabathi lamandulo ukuya kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi ezintsonkothileyo zanamhlanje. Iinkqubo zedemokhrasi ezifana nobuninzi, ubu-litism, ubuMarx, kunye nobufastim zinika iilensi ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda indlela asasazwa nokusetyenziswa ngayo amandla.

Kulo hlabathi langoku, igunya lezobupolitika litshintshwa bubugcisa, ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi kunye nentlalo-ntle. Olu tshintsho lubangela ubungozi kunye namathuba. Inginginya, abafundisi, kunye neenkokeli eziqonda imithombo namandla ezobupolitika zikulungele kakuhle ukukhokela ezi nguqulelo, ukwakha iinkqubo zezobulungisa, ezinobulungisa, nezineengxubusho zezobupolitika. Uphando lwegunya lezobupolitika lukuhlolisisa indlela abantu abazilawula ngayo.