Kwixesha lemijikelo yamaphephandaba engama-24/7 kunye nokuqulethwe yi-algorithm-drive, ukukwazi ukuphawula uqhekeko kwingxelo yeendaba akuseyomfuneko ngokunjalo, kwaye bubuchule obusisiseko kuye nabani na ohamba ngezixhobo zamajelo eendaba. Intelekelelo yendaba ayisoloko ithetha ubuxoki; isoloko ibonakala kukhetho oluchuliweyo malunga nokuba ngawaphi amabali agqunywayo, indlela afakelwe ngayo isakhelo, kwaye amazwi awo aqwalaselwe ngayo. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela kunceda abafundi bakhe ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo iziganeko kwaye kukhusele ukusetyenziswa kokusebenzisa. Eli nqaku linikela ukunyukela okunzulu kwindalo yobuqhetseko kwio oonondaba, iintlobo ezininzi, iziphumo zayo zokwenene, kwaye icebo lokuzichaza nokuphikisa.

Yintoni Ibhaskopu Kwingxelo Yendaba?

IBias, kumongo wogcino-lwazi, ibhekisela kukhetho olucwangcisiweyo lomntu othile, iqela elithile, imbono, okanye iziphumo. Ixela kude nobundilele kunye nokungangqinelani. Ngoxa bonke abantu benobugxwayiba, uontatheli abangochwepheshe banqwenela ukuthoba ezi mpembelelo ukuze abaphulaphuli bazenzele izigqibo zabo. I-Bias iba yingxaki xa igqwetha izibakala, ishiya umongo ogxekayo, okanye ixhasa icala elinye ngaphandle kokuthethelela kwentatheliso.

Kubalulekile ukwahlula ucalulo kwimbono. Ijelo leendaba linokuba nembono yomhleli kumaphepha oluvo, kodwa ingxelo ethe ngqo yeendaba kufuneka izabalazele ulungelelwano. Xa imigca ifiphale/xa amanqaku eendaba esoloko esebenzisa ulwimi olulayishwayo, icherry-profile bubungqina, okanye inikela iinyaniso ezincinci kuphela.

Isizathu Sokuba Imfundiso Yesini Ibaluleke

I-Bias ibalulekile kuba iindaba esizisebenzisayo zilolonga imbonakalo yehlabathi, ziphembelela izigqibo zezobupolitika, kwaye zichaphazela ukuthembana kwentlalo. Xa ikhethe lingaziwa, abafundi banokuthi baxolelwe, bangabi nabudlelane, okanye bagxekwe. Kwiimeko ezimbi, ingxelo egqwethekileyo ingaphembelela ipetroli kwaye ithoba idemokhrasi iinkqubo zedemokhrasi. Ukuqonda ikhethe akuthethi ukuba ungazigibi naliphi na ijelo eendaba ."Into yokokuba ukulungele ukwahlula ulwazi olunokuthenjwa nokwenza ujikelezo.

Iintlobo Eziqhelekileyo Zebhiya kwimithombo yendaba

Ngoxa inqaku lokuqala lidwelisa iindidi ezine ezingundoqo, ulwazi olunzulu oluquka ezinye iintlobo ezisasazekileyo zoondaba banamhlanje.

Ukhetho

Ukhethe lwenzeka xa abahleli bekhetha ukugubungela amabali athile betyeshela amanye. Ngokomzekelo, ijelo leendaba elikhupha inkcazelo lisenokunikela ingxelo eninzi kwiqhankqalazo kwesinye isixeko kodwa lityeshele ukuqhankqalaza okufanayo kwesinye isixeko ngokuma kokwahlukileyo kwezobupolitika. Oku kuguqula indlela abaphulaphuli abakujonga ngayo okubalulekileyo. Ikhethe lokhetho lungabonakala nakukhetho olucatshulwe yiingcali okanye imithombo.

I-Ogistrais Bias

Ucalucalulo lwenzeka xa izibakala ezibalulekileyo, umongo, okanye ezinye iimbono zishiywe ngabom okanye ngokungazi. Ibali elimalunga notshintsho lwenkqubo lingayekwa iindleko zalo ezinde zexesha, okanye ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho ingasilela ukukhankanya ukugwetywa kwesikrobi kamva. Imvume inokuba namandla njengegunya ekulungiseni imbono.

IBhaya Ephothiweyo

Iframing ibhekiselela kwindlela ifomati epakishwa ngayo `i-engile, ulwimi, umfanekiso. Umzekelo, ichaza ulwando lwerhafu njenge “kuxanduva lwexesha elizayo” ngokuphikisana nobunzima kumalungu eentsapho” ulinganisa imbambano ngokulungileyo okanye ngokungalunganga. Amagama afakweyo afana “opholisiweyo,”“ ophukayo,” okanye “oyingozi" aphethe imigwebo yefashoni. Iintloko zisoloko zibonisa ucalucalulo olunamandla kunesiqu senqaku.

Uqinisekiso

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba intiyo ayiyongxaki nje kuphela; kodwa ithetha ukungaqondani kwabantu. Kodwa, kwimveliso yeendaba, abacholacholi-ndaba bangafuna ubungqina obuxhasa iimbono zabo ezikhoyo kwaye bajongene nenkcazelo ephikisanayo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba bachaze imbono enye esekelwe kwizibakala.

Iseyile

Spin ihamba ngaphaya kokujija ngezantsi, ibandakanya ukujija izibakala okanye ukugxininisa ukucaciswa okuthile ukuze kusetyenziselwe ucwangciso lwezopolitiko okanye lweziko. Ukunganyaniseki kuxhaphakile ekuchongeni unyulo, iindaba zeshishini, kunye nomthetho ophikiswayo. Isoloko ixhomekeke kwimithombo engacacanga efana “neencwadi ezithi” ngaphandle kokubahlula abo bagxeki.

I-Application

Ubuchule bokucinga kukuzibaxa okanye ukudlala amabali okutsala ababukeli okanye ukunqakraza. Olu tyekelo lubeka intsingiselo yemvakalelo kwimo echanekileyo. Imizekelo iquka ukoyikeka kwempilo okugqithisileyo, ukuboniswa kwamaza olwaphulo-mthetho asekelwe kwiziganeko ezizodwa, okanye ukusebenzisa umculo owoyikekayo kwiingxolo zendaba zikamabonwakude. Ukungaqondi kakuhle kuphelisa ukuthemba xa iziphumo zibonakala zingezoyiyo eziphawulekayo.

I-Corporate nePartisan

Izakhiwo zomsebenzi womnikazi kunye nokunxulumaniswa kwezobupolitika kudla ngokubumba ugcino-lwazi lwendawo oluphuma kuyo yonke imicimbi. Isemgangathweni esilawulwa yilungu le-media lisenokuphepha amabali agxeka izilangazelelo zomzali. Ngokufanayo, ukuphuma kwemiqathango ecacileyo enxulumene nee-inTambo zentsontela ezidityaniswe neqela lezobupolitika, ngokusoloko kusenza sijonge imibandela exhasa loo ngxelo yeqela. Abafundi kufuneka baqaphele uqoqosho lwezopolitiko lweendaba abazisebenzisayo.

Indlela Yokubona Iibhiya Kwimiba Yendaba

Ukuba ngumthengi weendaba ochuliweyo kufuna ukuyifunda nokuyibuza ngokukhutheleyo. Ngasezantsi ziindlela ezicacileyo zokubonisa ucalucalulo kwingxelo yemihla ngemihla.

  • [[FLT: 0] Ukungavumelani nomgca oyintloko: isoloko iyinxenye ejongene netyala. Buza: Ingaba umxholo ophambili usebenzisa amagama achukumisileyo? Ingaba ukhetha icala elinye? Thelekisa umxholo nesiphelo senqaku ukubona ukuba ziyafana kusini na.
  • Uvavanyo loMthombo Wokukhetha: Jonga ukuba ngubani ocatshulweyo. Ingaba iingcali ezisuka kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo ziqukiwe? Ingaba ngamagosa karhulumente kuphela acatshulweyo? Ingxelo elungeleleneyo iquka amazwi acel ’ umngeni imbali enkqenkqeza phambili.
  • Seck for Last Language:[[FT:1] Amagama anentsingiselo. “IiRebel alwant” kunye no-“alwano lwenkululeko”;“intelekelelo” kunye no-“irhafu. Chaza iziphawuli kunye nezenzo ezithetha ugwebo lwexabiso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Funda Ngaphaya kweKhohlo: Umhlathi wokuqala usoloko ucwangcisa isandi. Inqaku eliseleyo lingaqulatha iquafiers okanye umongo otshintsha intsingiselo. Soloko ufunda iceba elipheleleyo.
  • Jonga intsingiselo eNgakhoyo: Ukuba umba unikeziwe, ngaba eli nqaku lichaza imvelaphi yalo, indlela, kunye nezithintelo? Umongo yiflegi ebomvu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Thelekisa ii-Outlets ezininzi: Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokufumana ikhethe kukufunda ibali elinye kwizaphulo ezisuka kudumo olwahlukileyo kunye nesixhobo somhleli. Jonga indlela ukukhupha ngakunye okukhetha ngayo ukugxininisa izibakala ezahlukeneyo.
  • Izinto ezibonakalayo: iifoto, imifanekiso, kunye nezilimo zevidiyo zingakhutshwa okanye zichazwe ngeendlela ezidityaniswe ngayo le ngxelo. Umfanekiso wesazinzulu sezobupolitika okhangeleka enomsindo ngokuchaseneyo nokukhangeleka koluvo lungaguqula ingqiqo.

Impembelelo Yebias Kumbandela Woluntu Nolawulo - melo

Iindaba ezigqunyiweyo azikho kwikhamandela- elikwimeko ebanzi, ilawula indlela abantu abacinga ngayo nabayenzayo. Uphando olusuka kwi [[FLT: 0] Iziko lophando [[FLT: 1] lubonisa ukuba ukuthemba amajelo eendaba kunciphile kakhulu eUnited States, kunye nolwahlulo olukhulayo. Oku kuthemba kubangelwa yingqwalasela (namatyala) yocalulo.

Ukwenezelelwa kokukhanya kunye neZiko lentlokoma

Xa abantu besoloko besebenzisa iindaba ezivela kwimithombo engqina iinkolelo zabo ezikhoyo, badla ngokuvalela iimbono eziphikisanayo, ezithi zizenze lukhuni kwaye zinciphise uvelwano kwabo banamava awahlukeneyo. Ii-algorithm zezezentlalo zonxibelelwano zikhulisa lo mphumela ngokufunxa oko kudityaniswa kwabantu abasebenzisa ii-athom ezibangela ukuba badibanisene, ngokufuthi zihambisa izinto ezigqithisileyo.

Inkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Engachananga

I Bias ingenza iimpazamo eziphosakeleyo ```iimpazamo zenjongo'''/okanye iimpazamo ezidityanisiweyo/i-diformation_delibete. Ukukhupha okunengcaciso kunokukhawulezela ukupapasha ibali elihambisana nengxelo yayo ngaphandle kokukhangela nyani. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuchanabeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinkcazelo edibeneyo kungenza iingxelo zobuxoki zibonakale zisengqiqweni. Oku kuyingozi ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nezempilo yoluntu, apho ingxelo ebekekrubala ngokuchanaba ngemichiza okanye unyango lunokuba neziphumo eziyingozi.

Ukuncipha Kokholoso Eziko

Xa abantu bebona ikhethe kwimithombo yamajelo eendaba, basenokungakhathali nje kuphela ngeenkqubo zamajelo eendaba kodwa nakurhulumente, inzululwazi nedemokhrasi.

Izixhobo Nezibonelelo Zokuchaza Iimpahla Zorhwebo

Iintlangano ezininzi ezizimeleyo zinikela uphando olunzulu ngocalulo kwiindaba ezingamawaka. Ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunokukunceda abafundi baqonde kakuhle baze bakhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokufumana inkcazelo.

  • Imedia Bias/Fact Sech (MBFC) Ireyithingi yesiseko sedata ebanzi yombalo wezopolitiko kunye nocoselelo oluyinyaniso lwamakhulu eendaba. Ungeno ngalunye luquka uqikelelo nemizekelo.
  • [FLT]] Actides: Inikela amabali eendaba ukusuka ekhohlo, umbindi, nasekunene, evumela icala ngamacala okuthelekisa. Zikwapapasha kwakhona itshati ye-media ejongene nomhleli kunye nohlolo.
  • [[UMTLL:0] Snopets kunye POLITIFT': iinguqu zenyaniso ezikhangela iingxelo ze viruste kunye nenkcazelo echanekileyo. Ezi zixabiseke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa iingxelo zenyani ezenziwe kumanqaku eendaba.
  • Iprojekthi yeNkcubeko yokubhala nokubhala :[ Yimfundo engancediyo enika ubuncwane ukunceda abafundi kunye nabantu abadala baqonde imithombo ethembekileyo yeendaba. “Iqonga" labo lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizikolo.
  • AdFonts Media (adfontesmedia.com): Ivelisa iCwangciso esaziwa kakhulu se Media Bias, idwelisa iziphumeleli kwimigca enqamlezayo yokukhetha nokuthembeka ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo olucwangcisiweyo.

Imizekelo Engokwembali YamaMedia

Xa sikhangela emva kwiziganeko eziphambili zeendaba, sifumanisa indlela ikhethe elinokuyigqwetha ngayo inkcazelo nemiphumo ehlala ihleli.

Ibali Lemfazwe YaseIraq Leentshaba Zomlo

Ngo-2002-2003, izibhengezo ezininzi ezinkulu zendaba zase-U.S. eziphindaphindwayo ngokuziphikisayo ezivela kubaphathi bobuTsha ukuba i-Iraq inezixhobo zokutshabalalisa abantu abaninzi. Ingxibo ekwakugqunywe kuyo ukuqinisekiswa kwekhethe (ababhali-ndaba bamkela imithombo karhulumente) kunye nokungavumelani nocalucalucalulo (ukungavumelani nobulumko). Isiphumo saba kukuxhasa kakhulu uluntu ekuhlaseleni okwathi kamva kwangqinwa ngokusekelwe kwizakhiwo zobuxoki. Le meko ibalaselisa ingozi yokucinga ngeqela kwijenali.

Unyulo loMongameli wase-U.S.

Ngexesha lonyulo lwama-2020, ukuhlahlela ngasekhohlo nangasekunene okuphumayo kweziganeko ezibekwe ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu. Umzekelo, amabali amalunga nolibaziseko lweposi kwi-collet ajolise “kwingcinezelo yevolita” kwelinye icala kwaye“ kuqhatha unyuso lokukhetha” kwelinye icala .Njengoko buncinane ubungqina bobuqhetseba obusasazekileyo. Oku kuqhatha kwanegalelo ekuncipheni ukungathembani kwiziphumo zonyulo kwaye kwaphela kwimbutho kaJanuwa 6 Capitol.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, imithombo yosasazo yezixhobo yobuxoki yasebenzisa ulungelelwano oluphosakeleyo ngokunika umlinganiselo olinganayo kwizazinzulu zemozulu kunye nabakhanyeli bemozulu. Olu “kunye ukuchana kwemeko-bume” yayiluhlobo lwekhethe elalahlekisa abaphulaphuli ukuba bacinge ngesivumelwano senzululwazi. Namhlanje, uninzi lwenkcazelo ethembekileyo isuke kule nto, kodwa isebenza njengomzekelo olumkisayo wendlela ukusukela“ ukulingana” okungagqwetha ngayo inyaniso.

Iindlela Zokusichaza Ezisenza Singakwazi Ukuqonda Iindaba

Ukuqonda le ngxaki yengqondo kuyasinceda ukuba singayenzi irhintyela.

Uqinisekiso

Sikhetha ulwazi oluqinisekisa iinkolelo zethu ezazikho ngaphambili. Ijelo leendaba zentlalo kunye neendaba zentsontelo yentsimbi zisebenzisa oku ngokutya kunye neenxalenye eziqinisekisa iimbono zababukeli. Ukuziphikisa, funa ngamandla imithombo yomgangatho ophezulu ecel ’ umngeni imbono yakho.

Ikhono lokufumana izinto

Iziganeko ezicacileyo, zakutshanje okanye ezichukumis ’ iimvakalelo zisenokukhunjulwa ngakumbi koku ngokusetyenziswa kwamajelo eendaba ngokubangela amabali abangel ’ umdla, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iingozi ezinqabileyo zibonakale ziqhelekile. Ngokomzekelo, ukusoloko uxilongwa kweenqwelo - moya kunokwenza ukuhamba kwenqwelo - moya kubonakale kuyingozi ngakumbi kunokuqhuba, nangona amanani ebonisa okwahlukileyo.

Iziphumo zeDayning-Kruger

Abantu abanolwazi oluncinane ngesihloko badla ngokuqiqa kakhulu ukuba bayayiqonda into ethethwa yeendaba, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba bathembele kwiinkcazelo ezigqwethekileyo okanye ezingaphelelanga.

I-ankile yebias

Iceba lokuqala lolwazi esilufumanayo malunga nebali, − ngokufuthi umxholo ophambili ```i-ankile' kuzo zonke iinkcazelo ezilandelayo. Ukuba eso sakhelo sokuqala sinengcambu, kunokuba nzima ukulungisa kamva. Ukufunda inqaku elipheleleyo nemithombo emininzi phambi kokuba kwenziwe uluvo kunganciphisa uku-ankila.

Indima Yemithetho Yoluntu Ekwandiseni

Amaqonga ezentlalo- media afana no-Facebook, YouTube, kunye no-X (eyayifudula ingumchazi) zisebenzisa ii-algoriths ezenzelwe ukwandisa ukuganana(ukunqakraza), ixesha elichithwayo, unqakrazo, ukwabelana. Ezi mithetho-manani zidla ngokubeka phambili, ukwahlula, kunye nolwaneliseko lwemvakalelo kuba ivelisa unxulumano oluninzi kunobundilele. Isiphumo kukuba, ingqongqo okanye amabali obuxoki angasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunezo zichanekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukondliwa kobuqu kwenza amaqampu esihluzi apho abasebenzisi beboniswa intsingiselo idityaniswe nehambo yabo yangaphambili. Nokuba umntu ufuna ulwazi olulungeleleneyo, i-algorith yeqonga ingayivelisi. Ukuphuma ngaphandle kufuna umgudu wophakamiso: landela iityala ukusuka kwiimbono ezininzi, amaphepha e-partisan emfiliba emfiliba, kwaye sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne- “AllSides” ukubona ii-engile ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuhlakulela Ukucinga Nokufunda Izinto Ezibalulekileyo

Ekugqibeleni, eyona ndlela inamandla yokukhusela ikhethe yingqondo eqeqesheke kakuhle. Ukukwazi ukufikelela, ukuhlalutya, ukuvavanya, nokudala ijelo-lwazi, bubuchule obunokufundiswa nokuqheliswa.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kubafundi Bemihla Ngemihla

  • [[FLT: 0] Iyenza i-'Applet' Yoo transport Diet': Ukuzibophelela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kwimimandla yezobupolitika. Oku akuthethi ukunikeza ubunzima obulinganayo kubo bonke, kodwa ukuqonda umgama wembono.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ikhubaza phambi kokwabelana: Phambi kokubeka kwakhona inqaku leendaba okanye isithi, yijonge kwicala elinye elikhangela inxuwa. Usuku olucothayo leendaba lungcono kunokusasaza inkohliso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Quetion Intshukumo Yakho Engokweemvakalelo: Ukuba ibali likwenza ube nomsindo, ukrokrele, okanye urhanela, nqumama. Imvakalelo luphawu lokuba ikhethe lisenokwenzeka kumsebenzi/ukucalula kwakho okanye kwelo nqaku.
  • Funda iStatuslic Literacy: Amabali amaninzi anxaxhileyo okusetyenziswa kakubi kwamanani ``````Iindlela yokusebenzisa amabali'''''.'
  • [[UMTL:0] Fundisa Abanye: Ukuxoxa ngekhethe kubahlobo kunye nentsapho kuqinisa ubuchule bakho kwaye kunceda uphuhlise uluntu olunolwazi olungakumbi.

Indima Yabafundisi Neziko

Izikolo neeyunivesithi kufuneka zidibanise ukufundwa kwemiboniso-lwazi kwizifundo zabo zemfundo. Abafundi kufuneka bafunde ukulahla amanqaku eendaba, bachaze amaphulo asengqiqweni, kwaye bavavanye imithombo. Iingingqi ezininzi ziqalisile ukukhuthaza imfundo yokufunda yolwazi kumajelo eendaba. Iingeniso ezifana ne- News Literacylics Project zinikeza iiplani eziqhutywa ngeziganeko zangoku. Ukukhuthaza iingxoxo zesikolo ezingeziganeko zangoku.

Isiphelo

IBias kwingxelo yeendaba ayiyonto intsha okanye ayicimekiyo. Lucelomngeni olungapheliyo olufuna ukuphaphamela, ukungaqiniseki ngaphandle kokugxeka, kunye nokuzimisela ukufuna inyaniso kwimithombo ehlukahlukeneyo. Ngokuqonda uhlobo lwekhethe, ukwamkela imiqobo, nokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nokucingela amabali, abafundi bayakwazi ukuguqula iindawo zamajelo eendaba ngentembelo. Uluntu olunolwazi lusisiseko sedemokhrasi esebenzayo, kwaye luqala ngobuchule bokubona amabali asemva kwamabali.