EIreland, umthetho wokhuseleko logcino-lwazi umisela izibophelelo ezingqongqo kwimibutho eqhuba i-data yobuqu. Xa uqhawulo-qhawuko lusenzeka, umbutho kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuhlola umngcipheko, ukwazisa umphathi, kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukwazisa abantu abachaphazelekayo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela umthetho kungaphumela kwintengo ebalulekileyo nengozi yodumo. Ukuqonda iimfuno zomthetho zokwaphula ugcino-lwazi eIreland kuyimfuneko kulo naliphi na ishishini, iqumrhu loluntu, okanye ukungancedisi okuphatha ugcino-lwazi lobuqu.

Eli nqaku ligubungela ummiselo wemithetho esemthethweni phantsi kogcino-lwazi jikelele lokukhusela ukhuselo (GDPR) kunye noMthetho woKhuselo logcino-lwazi lwe-Irish, iimfanelo zokwazisa, iimfuneko zokujonga umngcipheko, iimfuno zoxwebhu, amanyathelo asebenzayo okuthobela, izigwebo, kunye nolwandiso-mqathango lwecandelo. Ukhokelo apha lubonisa utyekelo lwangoku lonyanzelo kunye neempapasho ezisemthethweni ezivela kwi-Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) kunye neBboard yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi lwaseYurophu (EDPB).

Imboniselo yemithetho yokufikelela ugcino-lwazi eIreland

Umthetho olawula ulwaphuko logcino-lwazi e-Ireland yi-GDPR [Ummiselo (Umthetho) 2016/6769), onesiphumo esingqalileyo kuwo onke amalungu e-EU. E-Ireland, i-GDPR yongezelelwe ngumthetho we-Data Protection Act 2018, onika imithetho eyongezelelekileyo yokunyanzelisa, ye-e-fencess, kunye namandla e-DPC. kunye, le mithetho yenza ulawulo olubanzi lokwazisa nolawulo logcino-lwazi lobuqu.

A ulwaphuko logcino-lwazi oluzimeleyo luchazwe phantsi kweGqr 4(12) yeGDPR njengolwaphuko lokhuseleko olukhokelela kwintshabalalo yengozi okanye engekho mthethweni, ukulahleka, ukuguqulwa, ukungagunyaziswa, unikezelo olugunyazisiweyo, ugcino-lwazi lobuqu olugqithiswe, olugcinwe okanye olunye uhlobo. Oku kubandakanya iziganeko ezinjengezixhobo ezilahlekileyo okanye ezibiweyo, ukuhlasela kwe-email, ukutyhilwa kwengozi, kunye nobethwa kogcino-lwazi ngaphakathi.

I-DPC ligunya elizimeleyo elinegunya elijongene nokunyanzelisa umthetho wokhuseleko logcino-lwazi e-Ireland. Lipapashe isikhokelo esineenkcukacha kwisaziso sokwaphuka, apho imibutho kufuneka ijonge ecaleni kombhalo we-GDPR. I-EDPB ikwakhuphe izikhokelo kwiSigqeba sogcino-lwazi lobuqu [[ ezicacisa ukucaciswa kwemiqathango yemiqathango 33 ne 34.

Iimfuno ezingundoqo zokufumana ingxelo yogcino-lwazi

Isalathisi somsebenzi woKhuselo logcino-lwazi

Phantsi kwenqaku le 33 le GDPR, umlawuli kufuneka azise i-DPC yokwaphuka kolwazi lobuqu ngaphandle kolibaziseko olungafanelekanga kwaye, apho kunokwenzeka, kungekhona emva kwexesha [[FLT: 0] iiyure 72 emva kokuba iyazi. Iwotshi iqala ukukhangela ukusuka kwixesha umlawuli aqala ukuphaphazanyiswa ngalo. Uqwalaselo lucingelwa ngokuba lwenzekile xa umlawuli eneqondo elifanelekileyo lokuqiniseka ukuba uphazanyisile, nokokuba umlinganiselo opheleleyo awukaziwazanga.

Ukuba isaziso asenziwanga kwisithuba seyure ezingama 72, umlawuli kufuneka anikezele ulungiso olucacisiweyo lolibaziseko. Olu lugqibo olungqongqo lommiselo, kwaye i DPC ibonise unyamezelo oluncinci kwizaziso zasemva kwexesha ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle.

Ngoko, isaziso asifunwa ukuba ulwaphuko [[FLT: 0] phantse ukuba lungaphumela kwingozi kumalungelo nenkululeko yabantu bendalo. Umlawuli kufuneka abhale uluvo olusemva kokuzimisela kubhaliso lwangaphakathi.

Isaziso kwi DPC kufuneka siqulathe, ngobona buncinane:

  • Inkcazo yendlela yokwaphuka iquka, apho kunokwenzeka, iindidi kunye nenani elithelekelelwayo lemixholo yogcino-lwazi kunye neengxelo zogcino-lwazi lobuqu ezichaphazelekayo.
  • Igama kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zegosa lokhuselo logcino-lwazi (DPO) okanye enye indawo yokudibana.
  • Ingcaciso yemiphumo enokwenzeka yokwaphuka.
  • Ingcaciso yamanyathelo athathiweyo okanye acetyisiweyo ukusingatha uqhawuko, kuquka amanyathelo okunciphisa iziphumo ezingalunganga ezinokwenzeka.

I DPC inikeza [[FLT: 0] ifomu yokwazisa [[FLT: 1] kwi website yayo, abalawuli abakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise. Le fomu icela ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo kwaye ivumela umlawuli ukuba ongeze iinkcukacha kamva njengoko uphengululo luqhubekeka.

Isaziso Kubantu Abachaphazelekayo

Inqaku 34 le GDPR limisa isibini, imbopheleleko eyahlukileyo: ukuba uqhawulo-qhawuko lungaphumela kumngcipheko ophezulu kumalungelo kunye nenkululeko yabantu bendalo, umlawuli kufuneka anxibelelane nogcino-lwazi oluchaphazelekayo ngaphandle kokulibazisa okungafanelekanga. Olu nxibelelwano kufuneka lube kulwimi olucacileyo nolucacileyo kwaye luchaze uhlobo lomonakalo, iziphumo ezinokwenzeka, kunye nemilinganiselo ethathiweyo okanye ecetyiweyo ukuthetha ngalo. Unxibelelwano lumele luquke necebiso kumanyathelo abantu ngabanye ukuba bathathe ukuze bazikhusele, njengamagama okugqithisela okanye ukuqwalasela iingxelo zemali.

Umngcipheko ophezulu ujongwa ngokusekelwe kubunzulu bempembelelo, exhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo logcino-lwazi olubandakanyekileyo (iindidi ezikhethekileyo, ugcino-lwazi lwemali, indawo yogcino-lwazi), ukulula kolwazi, umongo wokulungiselela, kunye nobukho bezixhobo zokukhusela (umz., ukukhowudwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo). Umlawuli kufuneka athwale uhlolo olubhaliweyo lomngcipheko woqhawulo ngalunye.

Kukho iirejista ezintathu apho unxibelelwano lungafunwayo kubantu ngabanye:

  1. Umlawuli uphumeze imilinganiselo efanelekileyo yobugcisa neyokhuseleko lwemibutho, efana nokuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo, eyenza ugcino-lwazi lungaqondakali kubantu abangagunyaziswanga.
  2. Umlawuli uthathe amanyathelo alandelayo aqinisekisa ukuba ubungozi obuphezulu abusenakwenzeka ukuba bunikezele.
  3. Iza kubandakanya umgudu ongenakulinganiswa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka kubekho unxibelelwano lukawonke-wonke okanye umlinganiselo ofanayo ochaza ngokunempumelelo imibandela yogcino-lwazi.

Nokuba enye yezi ntlobo iyasebenza, umlawuli umele abhale ingcaciso aze, ukuba kamva ucelw ’ umngeni, akwazi ukubonisa ukuba loo nto ikhutshiwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Uxwebhu kunye nogcino- lwengxelo

Inqaku 33(5) lifuna abalawuli ukubhala naluphi na ulwaphuko logcino-lwazi lobuqu, ngaphandle kokuba yaziswa okanye yaziswa kwi DPC. Uxwebhu kufuneka luquke izibakala ezinxulumene noqhawulo, iziphumo, nesenzo sokulungisa esithathiweyo. Le ngxelo yangaphakathi isebenza njengobungqina bokuthobela kwaye ingahlolwa yi DPC ngexesha lophendlo.

I-DPC ilindele imibutho ukuba igcine ilog yokwaphuka equka ubuncinane:

  • Umhla nexesha lokufumana nelokwazisa (ukuba ukhona).
  • Inkcazelo yolwaphuko kunye neendidi zogcino-lwazi kunye nemibandela ebandakanyekileyo.
  • Ukuvavanywa komngcipheko nokuqiqa ngesigqibo sokwazisa okanye ukungayazisi.
  • Amanyathelo athatyathwe ukuqulatha nokulungisa.
  • Intshukumo- elandelayo ukunqanda ukubuyeka.

Uxwebhu olufanelekileyo asiyomfuneko esemthethweni kuphela kodwa ikwasisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokubonisa ukuphendula. Kwisiganeko sophicotho-zincwadi okanye isikhalazo, ubhaliso lolwaphulo-mthetho olugcinwe kakuhle lunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ubungozi bokwenza umsebenzi wonyanzelo.

Indlela eqingqiweyo yokuzicingela eyingozi

Ukugqiba enoba ulwaphulo-mthetho lubangela ubungozi okanye ubungozi obukhulu bufuna uluvo olucwangcisiweyo, olubhaliweyo. Imigaqo ye-EDPB icebisa ukuba kuqwalaselwe ezi meko zilandelayo:

  • Uhlobo lokwaphuka: lwemfihlo, ukuthembeka, okanye ulwaphuko olufumanekayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukubekwa kogcino-lwazi lobuqu: iindidi ezikhethekileyo, iinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ulwazi lwemali, abachongi, njl.njl.
  • [[FLT: 0]] Ubungakanani bophawu: nokuba ugcino-lwazi luyiyo nkohliso, lungasetyenziswa, okanye kumbhalo ocacileyo.
  • UKWENZIWA kweziphumo: ukunokwenzeka kokubawa, ukuqhatha, ucalucalulo, ukonakaliswa kodumo, ukulahlekelwa yimali, okanye ukonakaliswa emzimbeni.
  • Iimpawu ezibekiweyo zemixholo yogcino-lwazi: abantwana, abantu abadala ababuthathaka, abaqeshwa, njl.
  • Inani lemixholo yogcino-lwazi echaphazelekayo.
  • Uphando lobuchule kunye nombutho olunciphisa umngcipheko (umz., ukuvulwa kombhalo onamandla ngezitshixo ezigcinwe ngokwahlukeneyo).

Uhlolo malwenziwe ngesiseko setyala. I-DPC ithe ilindele abalawuli ukuba benze impazamo kwicala lobulumko: ukuba kukho amathandabuzo malunga nokuba uqhawulo-qhawuko lungaphumela kumngcipheko, isaziso kufuneka sibekwe kwi-DPC, kunye nokucaciswa kwangaphakathi.

Amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuhambelana

Ukwakha isiganeko esinamandla sesehlo yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufikelela ixesha elisisi-72 seeyure kwaye wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokwazisa. Iintlangano kufuneka zizalisekise ezi zicwangciso zilandelayo:

Zimisele Ukusabela Ngokukhawulezileyo

Isicwangciso sokuphendula sesiganeko kufuneka sichaze iindima kunye neembopheleleko, iprotocol yonxibelelwano, iindlela zonxibelelwano, kunye nenyathelo lenyathelo ngalinye lokuchaza, ukuqulatha, ukuvavanya, nokunika ingxelo yokwaphuka. Isicwangciso kufuneka sivavanywe kwimithambo yesiqhelo yetafile yetafile kwaye sihlaziywe ngokulula kwezifundo ezifundiweyo.

Ukutyunjwa koMphathiswa woKhuselo loLwazi (DPO)

Phantsi kweGDPR, imibutho emininzi eIreland kufuneka imisele i-DPO. Nalapho kungeyomfuneko, ukuba ne-DPO okanye igosa lemfihlo elizinikeleyo liphucula kakhulu amandla okuphendula kolwaphulo. I-DPO isebenza njengenqanaba lokunxibelelana kwi-DPC kunye nemibandela yogcino-lwazi kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iintanda-nxaxheba ziphathwa ngokuhambelana neemfuno ezisemthethweni.

Uqeqesho

Abaqeshwa kufuneka baqeqeshelwe ukubona iimfeketho ezinokwenzeka kwaye bazi indlela yokuzixela ngaphakathi. Ulwaphuko oluninzi luyakhula ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi belibazise ukunikela ingxelo okanye bezama ukulungisa ingxaki ngokwabo. Uqeqesho lonyaka, oluqiniswa ziimfaniso zophiko kunye namaphulo okuqonda, lunciphisa ixesha lokufumana.

Gcina Uludwe Olufanelekileyo

Ukwazi ukuba bubuphi ugcino-lwazi lwakho, apho lugcinwa khona, kwaye ngubani okwaziyo ukufikelela kulo kubalulekile ekuhloleni umlinganiselo woqhawulo ngokukhawuleza. Uhlaziyo oluya kugcino-lwazi olukwindlela yoluhlu lunceda ukulinganisa inani leerekhodi ezichaphazelekileyo kwaye uchaze iindidi zogcino-lwazi ezinokuncitshiswa.

Ukuzalisekisa ukhuseleko lobuchule

Ukukhowuda ekuphumleni nasekuthuthweni, ulawulo olunamandla lonikezelo, uqinisekiso lwezabelo ezininzi, kunye nokulungisa rhoqo kunciphisa amathuba olwaphuko kwaye kunganciphisa umlinganiselo womngcipheko ukuba ulwaphuko luyenzeka. Umzekelo, ukuba idata ebiweyo ikhowudiwe ngemithetho- mithetho eqinileyo kwaye isitshixo sokukhowuda asifakwanga kwikhowudi, uphazamiso lungathathwa njengongaqhelekanga ukuba neziphumo zomngcipheko kubantu ngabanye, ngokunokwenzeka ukunqanda imfuneko yolwazi kwimibandela yogcino-lwazi.

Uvavanyo lweNkqutyana yeNkqutyana

Uvavanyo lokhuseleko olusebenzayo lubonisa ukuba abahlaseli banokuqhatha phambi kokuba baxhaphaze. Lukwavelisa ubungqina bokuthobela iGatya 32 (ukuzinza kokulungiselela), elinokuqwalaselwa yiDPC ngexesha lophando. I-DPC yase-Ireland iye yajoliswe ngokungakumbi ekuphenduleni ityala eliqhubekayo kunokuba inyanzelise ukunyanzeliswa kokusebenza.

Iziphumo zoqikelelo noHlaziya

Umthetho kunye nobuchule obungcono buye baguquka. Iintlangano kufuneka zihlole iinkqubo zazo zokwazisa ulwaphulo-mthetho ubuncinane ngonyaka, okanye emva kwesiganeko esibalulekileyo, ukuquka ukhokelo olutsha oluvela kwiDPC ne-EDPB, utshintsho kubugcisa, kunye nezifundo ezisuka kwizenzo zonyanzelo.

Imali yokungahambelani

I-GDPR inikezela ngezintlu ezimbini zemali ehlawulweyo yolawulo. Ithala elisezantsi, ukuya kwi-SCIR10 ezigidi okanye 2% yojiko lwehlabathi lonke (nanini na iphezulu), lisebenza ekungqubaniseni iimfuno ezinxulumene nolwahlulelo olunxulumene nokwaziswa (ii-Artic 33 ne-34) phakathi kwezinye. Ithala eliphezulu, ukuya kwi-MALI20-zigidi okanye 4% yojikelezo lwehlabathi, lisebenza kwimigaqo engundoqo yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi namalungelo. E-Ireland, i-DPC inamandla okumisela intembezo zoxolo, ukukhuphisa, ukukhupha uqeqesho, ukumisela okanye ukuvalwa koonqanda okanye okusisigxina okuhlala kuqhubekeko, kwaye ifuna ukubuyiselwa okanye ukuqinisekiswa kogcino-data.

I-DPC ibonise ukukulungela ukubeka intlawulo enkulu kukwaziswa okungaphumeleliyo. Iimeko zakutshanje zonyanzeliso zibonisa ukuba nokuba ungquzulwano olusemgangathweni lwalungeyompazamo yomlathisi, ukusilela ukwazisa ngexesha elithile kungaphumela kwisohlwayo esibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, ngo-2022, i-DPC yahlawulisa inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe ngentelekelelo yolwaphulo-mthetho eyenzeka ngexesha elingethuba lika-2019. Oku kuhle kwaboniswa kokubini ukulibazisa nokungabikho kwenkqubo yokulawula ekwaneleyo.

Ukungahambelani kwalatha imibutho ekuphakanyisweni ngemibandela yogcino-lwazi esenokufuna imbuyekezo yento okanye umonakalo ongeyonto phantsi kweGqr 82 yeGDPR. Izenzo zodidi ezinxulumene nokwaphulwa kogcino-lwazi ziya zixhaphaka ngakumbi eIreland, ukongeza umngcipheko wemali nodumo ngaphaya kwentlawulo yomthetho.

Unyanzelo nokhokelo lwakutshanje

I-DPC ipapasha uhlaziyo oluthe rhoqo londaba kunye nezenzo zonyanzelo kwi-website yayo. Emva kolu 'ulwaphulo lokwaziswa kwiphepha lokwazisa inganceda imibutho ihlale isazisiwe malunga nolindelo lwangoku. Ukongeza, imigaqo ye-EDPB inika indlela echanekileyo yokungena kwi-EU, kodwa i-DPC ingakhupha ukhokelo lwayo lolwandiso kwicandelo elithile okanye kutoliko lwe "umngcipheko ophezulu" kumongonyaka wase-Ireland.

I-DPC igxininise ukubaluleka kwexesha lokwazisa. Kwanolibaziseko lweeyure ezimbalwa ezingaphaya kwe 72, ngaphandle kwesizathu esilungileyo, lungakhokelela kunyanzelo. I-DPC ikwalindele ukuba isaziso sokuqala, nokuba asiphelelanga, senzeke ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ulwazi olufunekayo lunikezelwe kumacandelo, kunokuba lilinde uphando olupheleleyo phambi kokudibana ne-DPC.

Omnye umxholo ophindaphindwayo kwi-DPC ukumiselwa kwengxelo yokungaxeli imibandela yogcino-lwazi. Abalawuli badla ngokuthi umngcipheko usezantsi kodwa abanako ukuvelisa uluvo lomngcipheko ngexesha elinye. I-DPC ikujonga oku njengokwaphula umgaqo wokuphendula kwaye ingabeka intelekelelo nokuba isigqibo sokungasabi sichanile ekugqibeleni.

Inkcazo Ebalulekileyo Yohlobo

Impilo

Ugcino-lwazi lwempilo luludidi olukhethekileyo phantsi kweGqr 9 yeGDPR, enokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo phantsi komthetho wase-Ireland. Ukhupho olubandakanya iirekhodi zezamayeza lusoloko lujongwa njengomngcipheko omkhulu ngenxa yokukwazi ukuva i-data kunye nokukwazi ukucalucalula, ukuhlazeka, okanye ukudandatheka ngokweemvakalelo. Abanikezeli bezempilo kufuneka babe neenkqubo eziqinileyo kunye namaqela anikezelweyo eyimfihlo. ISebe lezempilo (HSE) lineofisi yayo yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi, kwaye i-DPC isebenzisane-Health Information kunye neGunyami (HIQA) ekuphanyeleni uphando.

Iinkonzo zemali

Iibhanki, ii-inshorensi, kunye neenkampani ezinamacala eencwadi ziphatha imiqulu emikhulu yenkcazelo yemali etsalayo kwizigebengu. IBhanki yase-Ireland ikwanyanzela iziphumo zayo ezifunekayo phantsi kwemigaqo yeBhanking Authority yaseYurophu, ehambelana nesaziso se-GDPR. Iintlangano kweli candelo maziqinisekise ukuba zingahlangabezana neenkqubo zombini zexesha elimisiweyo. I-DPC ne-Central Bank ingaququzelela uphando kwiimeko ezinzima.

Abanikeli beNkonzo ye-Intanethi yonxibelelwano

I-ePrivacy Directive (njengoko iphunyezwe yimimiselo yase-Ireland) ifuna abanikezeli beenkonzo zonxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki ukwazisa i-DPC yaso nasiphi na isiganeko sokhuseleko esibandakanya ugcino-lwazi lobuqu. Oku kulalana nokungahambelani nokwaziswa kwe GDPR yokonakalisa. Iinkampani zonxibelelwano kufuneka zazise nabaxhasi ukuba kukho umngcipheko othile wokwaphulwa. I-DPC ilindele ukuba ezi nkampani zibe namaqela aphendula ngendlela ekhethekileyo anokukwazi ukusingatha iimfuno zomthetho ophindiweyo.

IMibutho kaRhulumente

Amagunya karhulumente kunye nemibutho iphantsi kwemiqathango efanayo yokwazisa kunye namaqumrhu azimeleyo. Noko ke, basenokuba neembopheleleko phantsi koMthetho weFreedom of Information Act kunye noMthetho weeNtloko ezisemthethweni. I-DPC inejelo elikhethekileyo lokubophelela iiqumrhu zikawonke-wonke. ISiko soKhuselo soKhuselo lweSizwe sase-Ireland (NCSC) linika ukhokelo olongezelelekileyo kwaye linokuziswa ngokwaphulwa okuphawulekayo okuchaphazela iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda nokunamathela kulwahlulo logcino-lwazi lwe-Ireland oluchaza iimfuno zolwazi phantsi kwe-GDPR kunye noMthetho woKhuselo logcino-lwazi wonyaka wonyaka wonyaka wonyaka wonyaka wonyaka asiyondlela yokuthobela imigaqo yokuthobela; yinxenye esisiseko yokukhusela amalungelo abantu ngasese. Ifestile yokwazisa yama-72 yeyure ye-DPC, imbopheleleko yokwazisa izihloko ze-data xa kukho umngcipheko omkhulu, kwaye imfuneko yokubhala yonke into efunekayo yokufumana impomposiso kunye nokuyiva kakuhle iziphumo zesiganeko. Intlangano efaka kwimigaqo ecacileyo, uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo, uqeqesho lobugcisa, kunye nenkcubeko lokuziphendulela ityala ayizukuhlangani nje kuphela imisebenzi yabo esemthethweni kodwa iya kwakha ukuthembana nangabasebenzi, kunye nee-ofisi ezisetyenziswayo. Njengoko ukugcinwa komsebenzi kuqhubeka, iindleko zempumelelo engadityalwanga, kunye nodumo lwe-Ariventi; kunye nolwazi oluthenjiweyo oluthenjiweyo oluthenjiweyo, kunye nolawulo oluthenjiweyo, ngokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-ondo oluthenjiweyo,