Ingeniso esisiseko kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni

Ingcamango ye-Universal Basic Incame isuka kwingcamango yezoqoqosho echaseneyo nesicelo sokuziko loqoqosho ukuya kwisicelo sokuqhuba izicelo zengingqi, zeeofisi zoomatiloshe, kunye nee-ofisi zoluntu jikelele ehlabathini. Isibheno sicacile: nikeza wonke ummi ngemali eqhelekileyo, engenasicimi ukuhlawula iimfuno ezisisiseko, ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu, kunye nesigcini somnqongo wokuzimela ukuphazamisa kwezoqoqosho. Ngoxa incoko yasekuhlaleni igxininisa ekuphumeleni kwesizwe, uphando oluninzi olufundisayo lwenzekile, apho ukuntluntlukwano zemali, ezopoliti, kunye nolawulo lungaphephekiyo.

Abaqhubi be-UBI basekuhlaleni banika ilebhu eyodwa yokuvavanya iziphumo zokwenene zenkqubo, kodwa bakwabhenca imingeni edla ngokudlula. Ingingqi ezisukela uqingqo-mali olunyanzelwayo, inkcaso yezobupolitika, imida yolawulo, nokungaqiniseki okusemthethweni okunokuthi kuthintele kwanelona nyathelo liphambili elicetyisiweyo. Ukuqonda le miqobo kubalulekile nakweyiphi na imo kamasipala ecinga ukuba inkqubo yenqwelo-moya kunye nentsebenziswano ebanzi ekhuthaza ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho.

Ingxaki Eyintlawulo

Olunye ucelomngeni olukhawulezileyo noluzingisileyo lwayo nayiphi na inkqubo ye-UBI lukhusela inkxaso-mali elondolozwayo. Ngokungafaniyo noorhulumente besizwe abanokukhupha imali okanye abangayiphumezi, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenza phantsi kwemiqathango engqongqo yempahla. Irhafu, irhafu yentengiso, kunye nokufuduselwa kwezorhulumente kungunobumba-mali, kwaye ezi mithombo zidla ngokuncitshiswa ngezibophelelo ezikhoyo ezinjengokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke wonke, ugcino-ngqameko lwesiseko, imfundo, neenkonzo zempilo.

Ukucinga Ngexabiso Lokwenene

U-UBI yasekuhlaleni ethobayo, umzekelo, ii-UB ezingama-500 (R3,50) ngenyanga kwisixeko esinabemi abali-100 000 abafanelekileyo, ingafuna ukuchithwa ngonyaka ngonyaka ii-R3 000-zigidi. Kumongo, lonke uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le lwesixeko saseMerika esiphakathi lusuka kwi-$,500,5 yezigidi zezigidi ukuya kwi-UBI. Ukugquma eso sikali kungafuna unyuko olukhulu kwingeniso okanye ukulingana nolwando lwemali kwezinye iinkonzo. Uninzi lorhulumente alunakukwazi ukuthenga inxalenye yaloo maxabiso ngaphandle kwenkxaso yangaphandle.

imvelaphi ezigqunywa kakhulu ziquke:

  • Ukunyuka kwengeniso okanye ukuhlawula iirhafu, apho kuvumelekile ngokusemthethweni
  • Ukufuna irejista okanye inkxaso-mali yolawulo lwesikhokelo
  • Ukubonelela ngemali evela kwiinkqubo zentlalo-ntle, ezinjengokubonelela ngeendlu okanye
  • Unxulumano loluntu noluntu olululo noncedo
  • Ingeniso evela kwii-asethi zikamasipala, ezifana nezibonelelo-mali zikawonke-wonke okanye
  • Imimandla ekhethekileyo yerhafu okanye intlawulo yerhafu enikezelweyo

Nganye kwezi ndlela zilandelayo zithwala urhwebo. Irhafu inyusa ukuxhathisa kwezobupolitika kwaye isenokugxotha amashishini okanye abemi abafumana imali eninzi. Inkxaso yemali yeGrant iqhelekile ingenamda kwaye ayinandawo kwiinkqubo zexesha elide. Ukwethulwa koomngcipheko obonakalisa ukungonakaliswa kwabemi abaxhomekeke kwiinkonzo ezijoliswe kubo. Abahlobo bobupolitika bangenza uxhomekeko kubantu abangaphandle abanikela izinto eziza kuqala.

Ukunyuka kwexabiso kunye noHlaziyo lorhwebo

Ingcali yezoqoqosho ikhomba kwinkxalabo echuliweyo kodwa enzulu ngokulinganayo: ukumpompa imali eninzi engenakuthintelwa kwizoqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni kunganyusa amaxabiso, ingakumbi ezindlu kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko. Ukuba abanini-ndlu balindele ukuba abaqeshi baza kufumana intlawulo ye-UBI, bangaphakamisa iirenti ngokufanelekileyo, bathabathe ngokunempumelelo indawo yokufuduswa. Ngokufanayo, amashishini asekuhlaleni anokunyusa amaxabiso ukuba awazi ukuba abathengi banengeniso eninzi. Isiphumo singaba kukuba abaxhasi babona unyuko lokwenene ekuthengeni amandla ngelixa bengenamali eninzi ekho.

Le misebenzi inzima kakhulu kwizixeko ezinendawo zokulala eziqinileyo. I-UBI enyusa imfuneko yeyunithi zokuqesha ngaphandle kokwanda konikezelo izakuba luncedo kumnini-mpahla, hayi inginginginya. nayiphi na iprojekthi ye-UBI engundoqo mayiquke imigaqo-nkqubo e-esebenzisanayo [ efana nokuqesha isakhiwo, ulwandiso, okanye uhlolo lwamaxabiso ukunqanda ukunyuka kwexabiso lentengonto.

Amathuba Amaxabiso norhwebo

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka balinganisele iinzuzo zenkqubo yemali yehlabathi lonke echasene neenkonzo eziza kusetyenziswa njengee-odola okanye ezincitshisiweyo. Idola ngalinye elichithwa kwi-UBI liyidola elingachithwanga kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke, ekulungisweni kwendlela, kwiinkonzo zamapolisa, kwiipaki, kwiithala leencwadi, okanye kwikliniki zempilo. Ezi mveliso zorhwebo zibuhlungu ngokukhethekileyo kuluntu ekunzima ukufikelela kumgangatho osisiseko wenkonzo. Abameli kufuneka bakulungele ukuphikisa ukuba ukuthuthwa kwemali kuvelisa iziphumo ezingcono kuneenkonzo abazithathelayo, igalelo elifuna ubungqina obungqongqo kunye nohlalutyo olunyanisekileyo lwemali ye-benefit.

Ukuchasa Intlalo Nezobupolitika

Kwanaxa kuxhaswa imali, amanyathelo okuxhasa iUBI asoloko ethandatyuzwa ngabantu abahlala apho, amagosa anyuliweyo namaqela asekuhlaleni anempembelelo.

Impikiswano Ebangela Ukungavisisani

Eyona nto ingapheliyo yokugxekwa kwe-UBI kukuba iza kunciphisa intshukumisa yokusebenza, ikhokelela ekunyanzeleni abasebenzi ekurhoxeni nasekuxhomekekeni okuphezulu. Esi ngxoxo sivakala ngamandla kuluntu apho ukuzithemba noxanduva lobuqu kungumgangatho ophambili wenkcubeko. Abezobupolitika basekuhlaleni abaxhasa i-UBI bajongwa njengomngcipheko wokukhuthaza ubuvila okanye abantu abanomvuzo abakhetha ukungasebenzeli.

Ubungqina obuvela kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abakhoyo, njengodweliso lwenkqubo lwe-Stockton FREAD eKhalifoniya naseFinland, bucebisa ukuba ukuhlawula okuthoba intlawulo akubangela ukurhoxa kwamandla okusebenza okusasasasazekileyo. Enyanisweni, abaninzi abamkeli basebenzisa imali ukusukela imfundo, ukuqala amashishini amancinane, okanye ukufumana umsebenzi ongcono. Noko ke, iingxoxo zezopolitiko zasekuhlaleni zisoloko ziqhutywa ngengqiqo kunokuba zisetyenziswe kugcino-lwazi. Ukukhuthaza inkxaso kawonke-wonke kufuna imfundo eqhubekayo yoluntu [[[FLT]:1] ezithetha ngqo ngezi zinto ngemizekelo yasekuhlaleni kunye nokunika ingxelo ecacileyo.

Ukwahlulwa Kwezobupolitika Nokwakhiwa Komanyano

I-UBI ayingeni kakuhle kwiindidi zesizwe zezobupolitika eziqhelekileyo ezikwicala lasekhohlo elisekunene. Abaxhasi baquka abaxhasi abaxhasa urhulumente wobuntlalo-ntle abakhetha ukubuyiselwa ngenkqubo elula yemali, abahambisela phambili abayijonga njengesixhobo sobulungisa bezoqoqosho, kunye nabaxhasi abanomdla kwimpumelelo yolawulo. Abachasi basukela kumalungu aqhelekileyo aphikisana nabani na osebenzisayo na othe watsala ekhohlo oxhalabisa ukuba UBI uza kuthoba umsebenzi ocetyisiweyo okanye bathathele indawo yeengenelo olubangeyo.

Le ngqokelela enqamlezayo yenza kube nzima ukwakha iminqophiso emide efunekayo ukudlulisa umthetho wengingqi. Usodolophu okanye ilungu lebhunga lesixeko elixhasa i-UBI kufuneka liqhube intengo ekhuphisanayo, likhuselekile ekuthengeni kwimibutho yemisebenzi, amaqumrhu oshishino, abanikezeli benkonzo yoluntu, nabameli basekuhlaleni, kwaye lilawule ulindelo lwabasebenzi abasenokuba banezinto eziza kuqala ezahlukeneyo. [[FLT: 0] Imibhikisho-o ye-UBI ekhuphisanayo ekhuphiweyo kwimiba elithelelwa kwimibutho yabasebenzi [ kude kufikelelwe naluphi na umlinganiselo okanye umthetho woluntu.

Ukumanyana nolwamkelo

Kumazwe apho ubuhlwempu bungahlaziswayo, abamkeli basenokuziva beneentloni ukwamkela oko abanye bakugqala njengezinto ezisetyenziswayo. I-UBI yendalo ilungele ukuphelisa eli hlazo ngokuquka wonke umntu, kodwa inyaniso inzima kakhulu. Ukuba inkqubo igqalwa njengeyamahlwempu, kwanabo basasazekileyo jikelele banokuphatha ihlazo. Iinkokeli zoluntu kufuneka zimisele inkqubo njengemali-mali kubo bonke abemi, hayi imicimbi yoncedo abasweleyo. Imicimbi yeelwimi, kunye nengeniso esisiseko ngokwayo iyakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo yezopolitiki. Ezinye iinkqubo zinokuphinda zithandwe njengemivuzo, iimali, iimali zokhuseleko zemali ukuze zinciphise ukuchasana.

Izinto Eziyinyaniso Zolawulo Nezobuchule

Inkqubo ye-UBI yasekuhlaleni ifuna izinto oorhulumente abaninzi bakamasipala abazisweleyo. Iingxaki zokusebenza zisuka ekuchazeni abamkeli abafanelekileyo ukuya ekuhambiseni imali ngokukhuselekileyo nasekuthinteleni ubuqhetseba.

Ukuphumelela Nokubhalisa

Kwanenkqubo yendalo iphela ifuna inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho matshini yokuhlala, kwaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhomekeke kwiindleko zezemali, ukubhalisa, nokuhlaziya iingxelo zoluntu njengoko abantu behamba bengenayo kwaye bengekho kwigunya. Oku kufuna ukuba kubekho ingxelo ethembekileyo yabemi, esenokungabikho kwizixeko ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, akukho nkqubo ye-ID yesizwe, kwaye ngokufuthi oorhulumente baxhomekeke kwiindleko zezekhompyutha, kwizivumelwano, okanye kwiirejista zemvume zokuqhuba ukusungula indawo yokuhlala. Le mithombo inokuba yeyantingabhaliswa, ingakumbi kubantu abangabhalwangabhalwanga, abantu abahlalangahlalanga, okanye abo bahlala kwiintsapho okanye kwizindlu ezingacwangciswangacwangciswanga.

Imisebenzi iquka:

  • Ukuqinisekisa enoba kufuneka baquke abantwana, abantu abangengomalungu eenkonzo, okanye abantu abavalelwe entolongweni
  • Ukuseka inkqubo yobhaliso olulula engafuni kufikelela kwi-intanethi okanye ukubhaliswa okungenabemi abasengozini
  • Hlaziya iiroli njengoko abantu bekhula besiya kuvuleka okanye behamba
  • Ukusebenzisana nezinye ii-database zikarhulumente ukuphepha ukwenziwa

Izibonelelo ezibhatalayo

Ukusasaza intlawulo yemali rhoqo kumashumi amawaka abemi afuna inkqubo yokuhlawula ethembekileyo. Iinketho ziquka ugcino oluthe ngqo, amakhadi edebit ahlawulwa kwangaphambili, iiplatfomu ezihambayo zemali, okanye kwanee-checkers eziphathekayo. Nganye i-oyile ifuna ii-akhawunti zebhanki, ezo abemi abaninzi abafumana imali ephantsi abangenayo. Amakhadi ahlawulelwayo anokuphatha iindleko kwaye alahleke okanye abiwe. Imali yeselula ifuna ukufikelela kwi-mfomfono kunye nokufunda amanani. Ukhetho lwendlela yokuhlawula izakugqiba ukuba ngubani ngokwenene ofumana uncedo [ kunye nokuthi zingaphi na iindleko zayo ezithengiswayo.

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abasebenzisana neenkampani zobugcisa bemali bafumana ukufikelela kwizibonelelo zale mihla kodwa kufuneka bathethe ngezivumelwano zogcino-lwazi, imigaqo-mthetho yokhuseleko, kunye nemigangatho yokukhusela abathengi. Umthengisi otshixayo kunye nexabiso lorhwebo bubungozi bokwenene, ingakumbi ukuba isikali senkqubo sisuka kumqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuya kuthabatha inyathelo elisisigxina.

Ugcino - lwazi Nonqabiseko

Ukulungiselela inkqubo ye-UBI kuvelisa ugcino-lwazi lobuqu nolwemali kwicandelo elikhulu labemi. Ukukhusela lo gcino-lwazi ekuphukeni, ekusetyenzisweni kakubi, okanye ekufikeleleni okungekho mthethweni kuluxanduva olunzulu. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basoloko bengenabo ubuchule kunye nobuncwane obunabo oorhulumente abakhulu. Ukwaphulwa kogcino-lwazi kusenokubhenca ubukho babemi, imigangatho yengeniso, kunye nolwazi lokubhanki, okubangela umonakalo ohlala uhleli nokonakalisa ukuthembana kwabantu kwinkqubo.

Ugcino-lwazi lolawulo lwe-Robust kufuneka idilesi:

  • Imilinganiselo yokukhowuda ye-data ephumle nakwiinkqubo ezihanjiswayo
  • Ulawulo lokungena lulawula ukuba ngubani onokubona okanye alungise ulwazi lomamkeli
  • Ukugcinwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokususa
  • ICandelo lesithathu
  • Ukucaca ngaphaya kokuba i-data iqokelelwe njani nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo kunye nolawulo

Ukukhusela ubuqhophololo

Nayiphina inkqubo yokuthunyelelwa imali itsala imigudu yokuqhatha, equka ubusela bokuzichaza, ukukhuphela ubalo, kunye nokuzibiza okungachananga. Ngelixesha ulawulo lwehlabathi lonke lunciphisa ezinye iivekta ze-ikhweyithi eziqhathayo, ayiziphelisi. Oorhulumente bongingqi kufuneka bafake imali kwisixokelelwano soqinisekiso, ukukhangela ukunqamleza nezinye ii-database, kunye nobuchule bophando. Ukuthintela ngobuqhophololo, nokokuba, kungadala imisebenzi yolawulo engahambisani nabamkeli abafanelekileyo kwaye ithobelele ubulula bodwebo benkqubo.

Izifundo ezivela kwiisikhokelo zehlabathi lokwenene

Uhlolisiso oluninzi lwelizwe nelasekuhlaleni luye lwasenza sazi kakuhle iingxaki ezikhoyo zokusebenzisa iUBI.

Inkqubo yeBHOKISI YE-Stockton

I-Stockton Economic Express Provestition yanika i-125% yabemi abakhethiweyo abano-R350 ngenyanga ngeenyanga ezingama-24. Le nkqubo yabonisa ukuba abamkeli bayisebenzisa imali ngokuyintloko kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezinjengokutya, izitimela, kunye nezithuthi. Umsebenzi wanda kakhulu phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba xa kuthelekiswa neqela labalawuli. Kodwa ke, inkqubo yayiyimiqathango encinane kwaye ixhaswa ngokuyintloko yiminikelo yabasebenzi bemali, ayixhaswanga ngemali kawonke-wonke. Iminyaka yayo elinganiselweyo iphakamisa imibuzo malunga noko kwenzeka xa kumiswa intlawulo, ucelomngeni lokuba nayiphi nayiphi inkqubo yenqwelo-moya imelane.

Funda okuninzi malunga nodweliso lwenkqubo lwe Stockton FREED

Uvavanyo lwesizwana saseFinland

IFinland yasebenza iminyaka emibini ukusuka ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019, inika ama-2 000 abantu abangasebenziyo abane-CR260 ngenyanga engenayo imfuno yokufuna umsebenzi. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba abamkeli baxelwe impumelelo ephezulu noxinezeleko oluphantsi kuneqela labalawuli, kodwa iziphumo zomsebenzi zazingahlukanga kakhulu. Uvavanyo lwajongene nemilinganiselo yezopolitiko ukususela ekuqaleni: ayizange ithathele indawo yeengenelo ezikhoyo, kwaye iphele ngaphandle kokukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwemithetho yesizwe.

Nika Ityala Elibi LeKenya

Olunye uvavanyo olukhulu nolude lwe-UBI luqhutywa nguPireDirectly eKenya, apho amawaka eentsapho afumana ukuthunyelwa rhoqo kwemali ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-12. Iziphumo zokuqala zibonisa uphuculo ekukhuselekeni kokutya, kwimpilo yengqondo, kunye nomsebenzi wezoqoqosho. Ilinge likwabhenca iingxaki zolawulo kwiindawo ezikude, kuquka ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa ngokuthembekileyo kwemali ngemibutho yemali ehambayo kunye nokugcina izivumelwano ezithe rhoqo kumaxesha amade. Isikali kunye nobude besi silingo siyenza ibe ngomnye wezona mithombo ezifundisayo zobungqina kwiziphumo zexesha elide zeUBI.

[[UMTLL:0] Ukukhupha ufundo lwe-UBI eKenya

IMiqobo Esemthethweni Neyimpikisi

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abasebenzi kwindawo engenalutho. Urhulumente norhulumente banokunyanzela okanye banyanzelise amanyathelo e-UBI asekuhlaleni ngeendlela abaxhasi abasoloko bewajongela phantsi.

Ukukhukuliswa Negunya Elisemthethweni

Amatyala amaninzi anemithetho ethintela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ekuzenzeleni iinkqubo zabo zenkxaso yengeniso, udweliso lwerhafu, okanye iingenelo zokuhlala ezisekelwe kwi-ofisi. Ngokomzekelo, amanye amaphondo awavumeli izixeko ukuba zimisele imithetho yazo encinane yemivuzo, kwaye imiqathango efanayo ingasebenza kwiinkqubo zokudlulisa imali. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya base-UBI bangayimisela imvume yomthetho okanye bagunyazise umthetho, ukuvelisa umaleko wentlupheko yezobupolitika enokucotha okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemiqobo.

Kwanaxa zingathintelwanga ngokucacileyo, iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni kufuneka ziqhubele phambili intsebenziswano neengenelo zorhulumente ezikhoyo. Abamkeli boKhuselo loMgangatho, izitembu zokutya, okanye abaxhasi bezindlu bangabona inzuzo yabo incitshisiwe ukuba iUBI ifumana ingeniso. Oku kunokuyinciphisa injongo yenkqubo yokunciphisa ubuhlwempu nokudala iziphendu ezigqwethekileyo. Ukusebenzisana namanye amaqumrhu karhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-UBI ayenzeki kungumthwalo obalulekileyo wolawulo.

Ubuchule Bokufuduka

Iinkqubo ze-UBI zasekuhlaleni zijongene nocelomngeni olungaqhelekanga olungaveliyo iinkqubo zesizwe: abantu bangahamba. Ukuba isixeko sinika bonke abemi ii-500 ngenyanga, singatsala abaphambukeli abafumana imali ephantsi abavela kumazwe angommelwane, sicinezela udweliso lwenkqubo kunye nokudala ugcino-mali lwezopolitiko lwasekuhlaleni. Ngokuchasene noko, abahlali abafumana imali eninzi bangayeka ukuphepha irhafu exhasa inkqubo. Iziphumo ze-netha zinzima ukuqikelela nokude nokulawula. Ezinye izicelo zokuthetha ngale nto ngokufuna ixesha elincinane lokuhlala phambi kwe-inkignig, kodwa iimeko ezinjalo zijongelanisa ukulingana nokungalawuleki kwe-ekhothalo lonke ihlabathi nento.

[[UMTL_HAWU] Imithetho ephindaphindiweyo kufuneka ilinganise:

  • Ukukhusela ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu abahlala ixeshana
  • Igcina ufikelelo lwenkqubo lwexesha elide kubemi
  • Ukuphepha ucalucalulo kwiiklasi ezikhuselweyo
  • Ukuqhelana nokufuduka kwamaxesha athile

Ukuphumelela nokuphuma kwerhafu

Nayiphi na inkqubo yeUBI yasekuhlaleni imele ichaze indlela impumelelo ekhangeleka ngayo ize ivelise imali eninzi ngayo. Ngaphandle kobungqina obuthembekileyo, iinkqubo azinakuyithethelela inkxaso eqhubekayo yemali okanye izigqibo ezizizo.

Khetha Amanani

Izibonisi ezisezantsi zezoqoqosho ezifana namanani engqesho, amanqanaba engeniso, namanani eemali zobuhlwempu abalulekile kodwa awanele. Abameli be-UBI basoloko begxininisa imilinganiselo ebanzi yempilo entle, kuquka impilo yengqondo, ukhuseleko lokutya, ukuzinza kwezindlu, iziphumo zokufundisa kwabantwana, kunye nokudibana koluntu. Iinkqubo zoluntu kufuneka zigqibe ukuba yeyiphi iziphumo ezinokuba negalelo kuluntu lwazo kwaye kuyiphi na indlela yokuzilinganisela ngokufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo, ugcino-lwazi lolawulo, kunye nodliwano-ndlebe olunemibathathi-nxaxheba bonke badlala indima.

[[UMTL:0] Izibonisi ezilandelelanayo ziquka:

  • Iingxaki zezinto eziphathekayo nokunganqabiseki kokutya
  • Impilo engokomzimba neyngokwengqondo
  • Imisebenzi
  • Ukufumana imfundo nokukhula komntwana
  • Ukuzinza kwezindlu nokungabi namakhaya
  • Ukuthembana nokuthatha inxaxheba
  • Imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yasekuhlaleni kunye nobume boshishino

Amaqela Okulawula Nomahluko

Ukufumana ukuba i-UBI ibangela iziphumo ezijongiweyo, iinkqubo zifuna iziphumo ezinokuthenjwa ezichasene nobuchule. Iimvavanyo ezilawulwa ngokungenamkhethe zingumgangatho wegolide kodwa zixabisa kakhulu kwaye zintsokothileyo. I-Quasi-experifini isebenzisa amaqela okuthelekisa okanye ukuphinda i-phindiwe komjekelo kunganika ubungqina obuluncedo kwixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa zifuna ukwenziwa kobuchule ukuze ziphephe ikhethe ikhethe. Iinkqubo zocwangciso zoluntu ezinoqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo kufuneka zigqibe ukuba zingaba zingakanani ukufaka uvavanyo ngokuphikisana neenzuzo ezithe ngqo, urhwebo-andleko olungenampendulo elula.

Ukukhangela okunde

Iziphumo ze-UBI zingathatha iminyaka ukubonakala ngokupheleleyo. Abaqhubi benqwelo-moya bexeshana elifutshane basenokuphoswa ziziphumo ezibalulekileyo ezifana notshintsho kuqeqesho lwabantwana olude, ukutshintsha kwemilinganiselo yoluntu, okanye iziphumo eziphakathi kwemiba yobuhlwempu. Imali exhasweyo yokuhlola iminyaka emininzi inqabile kodwa ibalulekile ekuveliseni ulwazi olunokuthenjwa.

Imibutho enjenge Stanford Basic Income Lab kunye ne-OECD inikela ukhokelo kwiindlela zokuhlola kwaye inceda ukudibanisa iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni nophando. Ucalulo phakathi koogqirha nezifundiswa luqinisa imvelaphi yenkqubo kunye nobungqina besizukulwana.

[[UKWENZIWA:0] Ukutyelelwa kweStanford Isiseko sokufumana iLab

Funda uhlalutyo lwe-OECD olusisiseko lwenyathelo lengeniso

Indlela Engaphambili

Imingeni ejongene ne-UBI yasekuhlaleni yoyikekayo, kodwa ayinzima kakhulu. Ingingqi ezifikelela ekuphunyezweni ngokuthobeka, ukubonakala, kunye nozibophelelo lokufunda zikwindawo engcono ukuzoyisa imiqobo nokuvelisa ubungqina obungazisa utshintsho olubanzi lwenkqubo.

Isikhokelo esigudiweyo kunye noyilo lokwenziwe

Kunokuba baqalise inkqubo epheleleyo epheleleyo ngobusuku, oomasipala abaninzi baqala ngezixhobo ezincinci, ezinemida yexesha ezivumela uvavanyo, uvavanyo, kunye nohlengahlengiso. Iindlela ezisetyenziswayo zinciphisa umngcipheko wemali, ukwandisa ukuthembeka kwezobupolitika, kunye nokuvelisa ugcino-lwazi olunokusetyenziswa ukucoca imilinganiselo yenkqubo phambi kokulinganisa. Kwakhona banika amathuba okuthetha ngeengxaki ezingachazwanga kwisikali esilawulekayo.

Uthungelwano loMphathiswa

Akukho rhulumente wasekuhlaleni unokusebenzisa i-UBI iyodwa. Iinkqubo eziphumelelayo zisebenzisa unxulumano olusekelwe kwisiseko sokunceda abantu, abaphandi, abaxhasi bezobugcisa bezemali, imibutho yoluntu, namanye amanqanaba karhulumente. La maqabane azisa ubuncwane, ubuchule, kunye negunya lokuba oomasipala bangabikho ngaphakathi.

Ulawulo loluntu kunye negalelo ledemokhrasi

Iinkqubo ezenziwe ekusebenzisaneni noluntu abalusebenzisayo zidla ngokukholiswa, zithenjiwe, kwaye ziyasebenza. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuqingqo-mali, ukuququzelela iibhodi, ukuva uwonke-wonke, kunye nokufikelela okuqulethweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba amazwi abamkeli kunye nabangengobameli afanayo noyilo lwenkqubo yobume. Oku kugunyaziswa ngokwedemokhrasi kusoloko kungumahluko phakathi komqhubi wenqwelo-moya ozenzayo kunye nalowo uphelelwa phantsi koxinzelelo lwezobupolitika.

Ukukhangela Phambili

Umbutho we-UBI wasekuhlaleni usemncinane, kodwa uvavanyo lwawo lokuqala lufundisa izifundo eziza kuzisa inkqubo yezoqoqosho kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ucelomngeni lwemali, lwezopolitiko, lolawulo, kunye novavanyo luyinto yokwenene, kodwa kwakhona ngamathuba okuchatshazelwa ngokutsha. Imimandla ejamelene nezi ngxaki ngokunyanisekileyo nangokulungeleleneyo yakha uluntu olulungileyo: ubungqina obuphathekayo, into engenzekiyo, nendlela yokwenza ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho lube yinto yokwenene kubo bonke abemi. Indlela yokufumana ingeniso esisiseko kulo naliphi na iqondo likarhulumente ehamba kulo naliphi na ixesha lolawulo lwendawo, apho ingcamango idibana nobuchule bokwakha uqoqo bezoqoqosho, obunethemba ngakumbi.